What is Heat? A brief introduction at the particle level.
ฝัง
- เผยแพร่เมื่อ 7 ก.ย. 2018
- Heat as conduction, the transfer of kinetic energy, shown at the particle level and explained in terms of temperature differences and equilibrium. Radiant heat and convection are briefly explained.
- More on Heat from Wikipedia January 2018 -
The Sun and Earth form an ongoing example of a heating process. Some of the Sun's thermal radiation strikes and heats the Earth. Compared to the Sun, Earth has a much lower temperature and so sends far less thermal radiation back to the Sun. The heat of this process can be quantified by the net amount, and direction (Sun to Earth), of energy it transferred in a given period of time.
In thermodynamics, heat is energy in transfer to or from a thermodynamic system, by mechanisms other than thermodynamic work or transfer of matter. The mechanisms include conduction, through direct contact of immobile bodies, or through a wall or barrier that is impermeable to matter; or radiation between separated bodies; or isochoric mechanical work done by the surroundings on the system of interest; or Joule heating by an electric current driven through the system of interest by an external system; or a combination of these. When there is a suitable path between two systems with different temperatures, heat transfer occurs necessarily, immediately, and spontaneously from the hotter to the colder system. Thermal conduction occurs by the stochastic (random) motion of microscopic particles (such as atoms or molecules). In contrast, thermodynamic work is defined by mechanisms that act macroscopically and directly on the system's whole-body state variables; for example, change of the system's volume through a piston's motion with externally measurable force; or change of the system's internal electric polarization through an externally measurable change in electric field. The definition of heat transfer does not require that the process be in any sense smooth. For example, a bolt of lightning may transfer heat to a body.
Convective circulation allows one body to heat another, through an intermediate circulating fluid that carries energy from a boundary of one to a boundary of the other; the actual heat transfer is by conduction and radiation between the fluid and the respective bodies. Though spontaneous, convective circulation does not necessarily and immediately occur merely because of temperature difference; for it to occur in a given arrangement of systems, there is a threshold temperature difference that needs to be exceeded.
Like thermodynamic work, heat transfer is a process involving two systems, not a property of any one system. In thermodynamics, energy transferred as heat (a process function) contributes to change in the system's cardinal energy variable of state, for example its internal energy, or for example its enthalpy. This is to be distinguished from the ordinary language conception of heat as a property of the system.
Although heat flows from a hotter body to a cooler one, it is possible to construct a heat pump or refrigeration system that does work to increase the difference in temperature between two systems. In contrast, a heat engine reduces an existing temperature difference to do work on another system.
The amount of heat transferred in any process can be defined as the total amount of transferred energy excluding any macroscopic work that was done and any energy contained in matter transferred. For the precise definition of heat, it is necessary that it occur by a path that does not include transfer of matter. As an amount of energy (being transferred), the SI unit of heat is the joule (J). The conventional symbol used to represent the amount of heat transferred in a thermodynamic process is Q. Heat is measured by its effect on the states of interacting bodies, for example, by the amount of ice melted or a change in temperature.[12] The quantification of heat via the temperature change of a body is called calorimetry.
Wikipedia 1/28/2018
Particle science never ceases to blow my minds. I just wish most teachers were able to explain the concepts in an entertaining way
Thanks! Much better than my hand drawings + descriptions to my child. She just learned about heat transfer in class without learning the definition of heat.
This was the exact question I was trying to answer. Thanks so much!
you remind me so much of my college teacher. ultra sarcastic with dry humour but you both have an immeasurable wealth of knowledge in physics
I did not know what you were talking about so I had to re-listen to the video. I guess I just do it without thinking. A life spent honing sarcasm and dry humor, so by now it's automatic... By the way, this seems an appropriate place to tell you that the eye in the driver's seat of the magic school bus is mine. I have to tell my students, they never notice.
I'll be showing this clip to my class learning about thermodynamics. Clear and to the point. :)
Always glad to hear from educators!
Wait... so heat is technically not a "thing"? This is so insanely cool to me. I mean I didn't realize kinetic energy was so METAL.
Right. Heat is a form of energy within matter.
@@nightone9720 No, heat is not a form of energy. It's a transfer of energy (an important distinction for those who are reading).
Yeah that sounds like a magic!
@@cylianbarichard3645 no it is a form of energy that flows from one object to another. As mentioned at the start of the video
@@cylianbarichard3645’s an important distinction and you got it wrong.
Heat is a from of energy, it’s the vibration of molecule(in simplified term) . What you just described is the transfering of heat aka transferring energy
aka “thermal energy” look it up.
Example: if a photon hit a Iron cube, the Cube absorbs that photon ( and reflects some too but we don’t focus on that). The photon that get absorbed gives the Cube energy, mostly in heat energy.
This is the best and maybe only video on Kinetic Particle Theory on TH-cam.
He: what direction does heat flow.
Me: Upward.
Him: You are right, heat flows from hot to cold.
Me: What ( Confused ).
The direction is not relevant with the example in the video (two solids). The direction is only hot to cold. You are probably referring to gases. In a fire, gases (usually CO2 and water vapor) are formed at very high KE and so they spread out and form a low density area that is very buoyant and so it rises. Sorry for the confusion.
That's the problem when you ask a broad relative question dude...
@@CrashChemistryAcademy You're great master teacher!!!Hey Mister I'm requesting you please will make full explain vedio on this topic...I'm just impressed to watch this video, ohh after all I'm 7th standard student and I'm form India , please Sir will make a vedio on this I'm telling you the like and share you will get from me!!!☆☆☆
0,0 that ligit
@@tapatichanda2224 Thanks, Here is a video I made on fire and resulting high KE gaseous products: th-cam.com/video/eocyl9dZ7W0/w-d-xo.html
Thank you very much ! I knew pretty much nothing about heat transfer - this was really good and your teaching style is excellent ( for me at least) Very clear and easy to follow !
Thank you so much, sir, for satisfying my question on this. I had wondered this for a long time. I appreciate it!
Nicely demonstrated✌🏻
Cheers, this video explained everything i needed to know in such a simple, understandable way. This was very helpful, thanks for uploading this quality content.
You're welcome, thanks for the comment!
Great video!
awesome explanation, thank u very much, waiting for ur next video.
Congratulations! An excellent and very concise explanation.
Well, since you use a result from kinetic theory of gases in wich temparature is proportional to average kinetic energy, this model constitute an oversimplified explanation? Or it`s really possible to generalize and say with confidence that heat is the process of tranfering thermal energy (sum of the kinetic enegy of all the constituents of the system)?
It is not a generalization, it is the definition of heat. The kinetic theory applies to all matter, not just gases. All particles (atoms, molecules) are in constant motion, and any contact between particles results in a kinetic energy transfer. So heat is constantly flowing within any system, including liquids and solids. If a solid system is closed, its temperature will remain constant, but because any system's particles' kinetic energies cover a wide range from low to high (whether closed or not), there will always be kinetic energy transfer from high KE particle colliding with low KE particle, and so within a system these collisions are constantly occurring due to constant movement, so there is constant heat flow throughout the system. If the average KE is constant then we do not detect this internal flow since the temperature remains constant. By the same token, any contact between a system of higher average KE with a system of lower average KE, the flow of KE will be from high to low. This flow is heat.
This is a great video of understanding thermal energy ❤️❤️❤️
Nicely explained
Very nice explanation 👍
After equilibrium is met does the mass just loose heat as the energy of the vibrating mass slows from lack of incoming energy.
An equilibrium would only be reached in a closed system, for example if the two systems in contact existed in a vacuum. The video ignores this (sorry), but if an equilibrium were reached, then no more net kinetic energy would be lost by either system. In the example in the video, since we can assume the two systems (the hot and cold blocks) are sitting in a lab somewhere, in other words, are in contact with the air, then the equilibrium would include getting to the same temperature as the surrounding air, and again, there would be no net loss of KE. However if the two blocks came to an equal temperature at a temperature higher than the surrounding air, then there would be a lack of incoming energy, and KE would be lost by the two blocks until their temperatures became equal to the air temperature. So at any actual equilibrium, there ceases to be any net loss of KE.
Well explained 👍
Again, great graphics, really gets the point across. Love it!
aree u dump
Excellent!
Excellent!👍
thx found it extremely insightful and easy to conceptualize
Very nice visuals and explanations! Loved the onscreen jokes as well!!
nice
This is a perfect learning video! AMAZING ILLUSTRATIONS!
😊Thanks!
Thanks for the video!
Quick question, I've been hearing this alot lately but I keep thinking heat is nothing but photons because heat in my opinion is light that is invisible to the human eye but can be felt by its effect known as heat. But does heat exist without photons? And can heat exist without matter? I do know they say heat and light are 2 different things but im not sure if that's true or not because I keep thinking heat is light that you can't see but can be felt as heat. If you could help me solve this question I would deeply appreciate it. Sincerely JP Halaquist.
Heat is really a process, the transfer of energy. So a photon itself would not be heat, but a photon does possess energy, and so if it transfers that energy to whatever it runs into, it is that transfer that we can call heat, or specifically radiant heat. In that regard one can call photons carriers of heat, but that would only be true for those photons that end up transferring their energy. Infrared light is often referred to as heat energy because everything on the earth's surface is good at absorbing infrared energy, in other words, good at allowing infrared photons to transfer their energy. This is directly due to the temperature range at which objects on earth exist. The temperature refers to the vibrational frequencies of an objects' particles, and at earth's temperature range, the vibrational frequencies match that of infrared frequencies which allows that energy absorption. And the earth is also good at absorbing visible energy (again, due to temperature range), which is what makes the sun such a good heat source (in addition to absorbing the sun's infrared output). If the sun's photons were not absorbed, the sun would not heat the planet. Aside from the sun (or any radiant heat), though, the vast majority of heat we experience is conduction (for example, what you feel when your cooler skin touches a warmer object, or when you walk into a room from the cold outside), being energy transfer via particle collisions, as well as convection, which is the movement of energy via large aggregates of molecules in a fluid (gases and liquids) due to differences in temperature creating differences in buoyancy.
Crash Chemistry Academy -> Thank you very much for the very detailed answers, this helped me out so much and I give you all the credit for it.
Thanks so much I was struggling with heat but this is a very good explanation
Thanks!
Thank you!
Thanks a lot
I like your explain. Thank s
IT HELPS ME A LOT
this is a beautiful video. so informative, I am using this for my chemistry students during COVID-19 remote learning. Your channel is fantastic!
Thats u 8months ago?let me tell u the future. Trump looses the election amd there is currently a cure for Covid and the virus mutated but jts still not a threat and there are zombies apparently and there seems to be a dealier virus and COVID jst gets worse.roughly 400 000 deaths and like 3 000 000 infections
Thanks
You're welcome!
What is a "particle" in this case? Electron, atom, molecule or what? Given that the air molecules trapped between them must make them the same size or bigger than a molecule.
Photons do not have heat. Heat is a form of radiation. Radiation is a vibration of particles. "Heat energy is the result of the movement of tiny particles called atoms, molecules or ions in solids." Does that mean that heat is caused by vibrations of different particles in depending on the matter?
Particles are considered electrons, nuclei, molecules, photons, ions. I think that covers it for heat.
Heat is not quite a noun, it is more of a verb, energy that gets transferred. All particles that exist in the universe have kinetic energy, and therefore can transfer that KE during a collision.
You may be thinking of "heat content", (called "latent heat" until recently) which is the measure of how much total kinetic energy a given substance can give or receive (measured as enthalpy) per change in temperature. Specific heat content is the same except per unit mass: the total enthalpy change per temperature change per unit mass, for which we get a unit of J/gK.
@@CrashChemistryAcademy "All particles that exist in the universe..." answers my question spot on. Thanks!
@@pieterhartzer7884 a correction on your first comment, heat is not form of radiation. A object with heat radiates. The radiation is actually just photons, light is photons, so is x ray, gamma ray,… just with different energy in them
Super
THANK YOU SIR
Thank you for your good explanation
You are welcome
Please make a video on structure of Atom
Hi, thanks for the video. It was very helpful, especially visualization that you did was an amazing way to teach it! I want to ask a question: Some substances are releasing gas(or smoke i don't know how you guys call it anyways..) Is it because some of their particles flying due to exremely high vibration motion?
Gas molecules need enough speed (not vibration) to overcome any attraction occurring between them so they stay far apart, moving quickly as gaseous molecules. However, yes, it is vibrational motion that originally allows a molecule to leave a liquid or solid, because high enough vibrational motion will allow them to break free of attractions holding them to the liquid or solid. Very few gases interact with light so generally gases are not visible. Smoke particles are far larger and can reflect light, and can be composed of a variety of substances. The smoke from a wood fire is mostly a bunch of carbon atoms stuck together from the wood (and can have some hydrogens or oxygens attached), that did not burn (oxidize) enough in the fire before gaining enough motion from the heat of the fire (through conduction) to leave the fire. These carbon particles are large enough to reflect light, and so we can see large amounts of them as smoke, and they are small enough to stay in the air due to being bounced around from collisions with the much smaller but very fast moving gas particles in constant motion around them. The same scenario holds for any other type of smoke. I hope that answers your question!
@@CrashChemistryAcademy
Thanks! this answer gave more information than the answer to my question.If you don't mind, I want to ask one more question, you mentioned that heat is transmitted from hot to cold, and this is caused by faster particles colliding with slower particles. Another thing I was wondering is, when you bring your hands close to a hot piece of iron (for example, a tool that has just come out of the oven), you feel the heat. Is it because the fast atoms in the hot metal hit the surrounding air molecules and then accelerated air molecules hit your hand? Thanks a lot for your answers by the way.
Yes, that is exactly the case. I'm glad you were able to deduce that from the video!
Best explanation at the particle level thanks!!
awesome animation!
thats amazing honestly
it helps me a lot❤️
Same ❤️
How does photon carry heat where it is massless. How vibration of KE pass through it. It made me somehow confused.
Heat is more of a verb-- it is the flow of energy. (Although it is useful to think of something as carrying heat, it doesn't really work at the particle level.) So the vibrational motion of light is manifested as the oscillations of its electric and magnetic fields. The faster the oscillations, the more energy it has (higher frequency). If those oscillations match the virbrational frequency of a particle that is in its path, for example, an atom's nucleus, then that nucleus will absorb that light energy, resulting in an increase in its kinetic energy, which translates to an increase in temperature. Thus the photon has "carried" heat to another particle.
Hope that makes sense!
beautiful. Thanks so much for posting.
What happens when a bad conductor of heat is made to contact a hot object? What stops the transfer of KE in that case?
This was a very helpful video by the way, I had always struggled to understand what exactly does "heat" meant. Thank you :)
There are many things that will impact the thermal conductivity of a material. A poor thermal conductor is a good insulator. Poor thermal conductors usually include materials of low density since there are fewer molecules/atoms in contact with the heat flow. An examples is polystyrene ("styrofoam") whose low density in part comes from the huge amount of air pockets embedded in the polystyrene, making it a better insulator since air itself has such low density and therefore improves the polystyrene insulating properties. The vast majority of air is empty space, so there are very few collisions occurring per unit time which limits the amount of heat transfer in air, so air is an excellent insulator, which logically leads to the best insulator, which is empty space, where there are no particle collisions. Expensive insulators are usually evacuated space enclosed by a rigid material, such as two concentric metal cylinders in a liquid storage container. So other than empty space, insulators do not really stop the transfer of KE, KE transfer is just being done inefficiently because of reduced collisions per unit time, and with empty space there is nothing to collide with! Another property that makes a poor conductor are materials with high specific heat values. For example water, which has a very high specific heat, can absorb a great deal of energy with little change in temperature, and since the transfer of heat relies on there being a temperature difference between two materials in contact with each other, if one (water) is not changing temperature appreciably, then there is less heat flow through the water. That's all I can think of!
@@CrashChemistryAcademy Wow thank you so much for such a detailed and informative reply! You're awesome!
Human body temperature in 37 degree in centigrade scale , 98.6 degree in fahrenheit scale ( Clinical thermometer ) & 310 in kelvin scale. Uper point of centigrade scale is 100 which is boiling point of water & lower point is 0 degree centigrade which is freezing point of water & total divisions calibration is 100, but in Fahrenheit scale upper point of water 212 which is boiling point of water & lower point is 32 which is freezing point of water, total number of divisions calibration 180. But in Kelvin scale upper point is 373 Kelvin which is boiling point of water & lower point is 273 which is freezing point of water & total number of divisions calibration is 100, Kelvin scale & centigrade scale concide in terms of divisions/ calibration, 0 degree centigrade equal to 273 kelvin.
Importance question is at what temperature do the Fahrenheit scale and Celsius scale concide??
Answer : At minus 40
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My students always come up with the ideas that temperature or KE causes particle motion. This video shows them that KE and motion are the same thing. This video show them that temperature is the speed of particle motion and also doesn't cause it. The next thing they come up with is that pressure causes particle motion instead of particle motion causing pressure. This video helps convince them that particle motion cause both temperature and pressure. And that conduction is the spreading out of motion. The terms describing motion become the cause to them. Always the cart before the horse.
Thanks much! Comments from educators are always most welcome. You may be interested in particular in a video addressing the source of pressure at the particle level: th-cam.com/video/FZmZJQ59V5E/w-d-xo.html
@@CrashChemistryAcademy Another excellent video debunking suction. (I think the controls on simulations are what lead my students to incorrect ideas.)
@@jamescottrell7147 what sim are you using?
@@CrashChemistryAcademy phet and molecular workbench (My comments may not be posting.)
I love phet, have not heard of molecular workbench but looks great, thanks for the tip!
Hi I don't know if this is covered later but what is the sensation of heat and cold we feel when we touch an object?
this has got to do with ur brain and stuff idk ask a bio student
Your cell get energy or lose energy, your nerves senses that and give your brain the info (simplify term, the actual mechanics of that is too long to fit here)
@@arandomguyel-9402 damn thank u that was simple and understandable
Hey, what's the explaination behind Pressure*Volume ∝ Temperature at the particle level?
Pressure is directly proportional to Temp since temp measures particle KE and pressure is the force exerted by gas particles hitting a surface. Volume is the same-- directly proportional for the same reason except the surface has elasticity. So if you increase temperature (higher particle speed=greater force in the collision and more collisions per unit time), you can increase both P and V, and so it follows if you multiply P and V that would also correlate positively with temperature.
this might sound like a silly question, but if heat is just a result of higher kinetic energy in particles then why is a flame hot? why is fire hot?
Great Question! All fires produce products, they are chemical reactions. There are two results to this change. One is the emission of light (the flame). The second is that gaseous products are produced at very high kinetic energies. Temperature is a measure of kinetic energy, and so as these products travel quickly outward from the flame (where the reaction occurs) they transfer their KE to the surrounding air. When your skin comes in contact with high KE molecules, the KE is then transferred to your skin, which your nervous system detects as a temperature change, or what you would think of as heat. A more detailed description of fire is in this video from my channel: th-cam.com/video/eocyl9dZ7W0/w-d-xo.html
@@CrashChemistryAcademy thanks so much, Crash Chemistry Academy, you gained a new subscriber :)
Thanks!
awesome sir, that has cleared a nice concept.
Heyyyyy I’m online learning
online learning gang haha
same ha
Well that's a achievement
same :(
Me too
How can heat flow if temperature is constant or how can we add heat if temperature is constant i know it transfer to do some work but how.........
It is not heat that flows between two objects of equal temperature (sorry if I implied that)-- it is KE transfer that continues to occur. This happens due to the fact that temperature is equal to the average KE of the object being measured, any object at a given temperature has a wide range of KE within the particles that make up the object, and so at any given moment, in two objects in contact with the same temperature, particles from one object may have more or less KE than the other object, and so there is constant KE transfer occurring, back and forth, while the overall average KE remains the same. This video should clarify that concept for you: th-cam.com/video/Ng7uVx-leWQ/w-d-xo.html
How does increase in heat affect solid?? Pls share
Solids have enough attractive force between particles (atoms, molecules, ions, whatever it is composed of) such that particles remain in fixed positions relative to each other at a given temperature. As heat is added, vibrational motion increases to the point where attractive forces are no longer able to keep them in fixed positions, and so the particles begin to move relative to each other, which is called flow, and the solid has now become a liquid. If more heat is added, particles will have enough motion to break attractions completely, leave the liquid, and become a gas.
WoW. You said the heat only travels from one material to another material. But there is no matter between the sun and the earth. But the heat reaches the earth from the sun.
I explained that in the video as radiant heat. Three types of heat-- 1)conduction, which is what you are referring to, 2) radiant heat, such as sun to earth, and 3) convective heat, which is movement of large collections of molecules in fluids due to temperature differences.
@@CrashChemistryAcademy , when we see some gap between the two surfaces, we know heat can't move by 'conduction'. Does the heat transfer switch from conduction to radiation at that time? (Or some special conditions need be satisfied for heat transfer by radiation)
Very well explained.
. Sir..
I wonder what happens in a vacuum without the (oxygen) intermediary. How does the kinetic energy disperse? Or would the se still happen but maybe at a faster rate as there would not be all the pockets
There is still physical contact between the blocks where the "peaks" line up so that is where KE transfer would occur, but much more slowly since less surface contact means less collisions per unit time.
@@CrashChemistryAcademy I think in space heat transfer happens through radiation rather than conduction (touching blocks)
@@pwh1t3y You bring up a good point. However at the surface temperatures of earth, infrared is the range at which material emits EM radiation, and I do not believe there are many materials that will absorb that energy range. Some that do, such as carbon dioxide and methane, are well known and are the cause of the greenhouse effect. In space, radiant energy is the only way to transfer heat (to my knowledge), but again, the transfer can only happen if material absorbs the radiation.
🙏🙏🙏 Thankyou ❤️❤️❤️
Thank You So much man!
I have learnt the same thing in school. But my question is that sound is also a vibration. And sound travel much faster than heat. What is the difference between vibration of sound and that of heat?
Great question!
Fast answer: Sound energy is very tiny compared to heat energy, so the difference is in magnitude of kinetic energy (KE). The total change in KE with sound is negligible. Yes it is absorbed as heat (there is a temperature change) but it is so small and so dispersed that it is not detectable with our nervous system. Since sound requires conduction, I will confine heat to conduction as well. In order to change temperature, which is what heat does, that requires raising the average KE of all the particles being measured. This is a huge amount of particles in anything large enough for people to see/handle, and far more energy is required to do this. The speed of sound versus heat is due to sound being directional. Heat requires that all the atoms/molecules of a system increase in average KE, which is not based on direction, but purely by random collisions of particles in the system. Sound just needs to travel momentarily in a direction away from the sound source.
Long answer: 1) For sound and heat in air (a gas!): Air molecules move in random directions at an average 1800 km/hr at 25 C such that there is a zero net direction. However with sound, the molecules have a sudden non-zero net direction. The source of a sound (your voice, a trumpet, etc.) will momentarily create a net direction through conduction, and this will be absorbed, through conduction, by any object in the path of that net direction. The molecules resume their zero net direction afterward. What about wind? Wind is a net direction of air molecules (air molecules are still primarily moving in random directions), but that net direction is changed momentarily by the sound source. Wind has far more energy than that produced by sound waves, yet it still has a negligible effect on temperature (all else being equal). So to call something heat means that the total average speed of the air molecules in some location, consisting of tremendously large amounts of particles (hundreds to millions of moles) is increased by a heat source (radiator, fire, etc.) that puts out far more energy than is required by sound to create a net change in direction rather than an increase in average KE. 2) Sound and heat in a solid. In solids, temperature changes occur due to changes in average KE as well, but here the KE is due to vibrational motion of the atoms in the solid, not the speed of gas molecules. The atoms in a solid are in fixed positions, so their KE can only manifest as vibrational motion. In a solid, the vibrations have a net zero direction. However if you hit the solid, say a hammer on a pipe, the KE has a sudden momentary net direction and the sound travels very quickly because the atoms/molecules in the solid are very close and so conduction is immediate-it does not have to wait for molecules that are distant from each other to collide as in a gas. However it takes very little energy to do this, and so no real measurable change in average KE. If the pipe came in contact with a heat source, say a flame, eventually the average KE of the atoms in the pipe increase, which is a change in temperature, and far more energy than what was needed to produce a sound.
Hope that makes sense!
@@CrashChemistryAcademy Thank for trying to make me understand.I will read a few times more to understand it because i am not that much expart.
Fast answer indeed
Mad Scientist Production, by the cool as icest mad scientist. Thanks for this video!
You're welcome, thanks for the comment!!! 😁😊😁😊😁😊😁😊😁😊
Hi, can i use some part of your vedio, voice-over my native language and upload on youtube???
First please send me the link to the edited video, and then I will let you know. Thanks.
Sorry I misread your comment originally. Feel free to use the video and upload to youtube. Please site my channel as the source.
how to define work and heat of a single particle
While we can understand heat through particle behavior, heat is a mass phenomenon-- it is the result of the behavior of many particles. A single particle has a certain amount of KE that it can exchange (gain or lose) with another particle through collision, and the particle that has gained KE will have had work done on it by the other particle that lost KE, via the simple definition of work as force x distance. The collision imparts a force (mass x acceleration), resulting in a change in position, which is work. We only experience the work of a gas as an aggregate of many collisions. For example the work done on a piston by an expanding gas in a cylinder (the combustion engine) is done by quintillions of gas particles colliding with quintillions of surface particles of the piston's steel. But that energy exchange also increases the KE of the surface particles in the steel, and thus the energy of the expanding gas results in both work and heat. The more work that can be done per given amount of KE, the more efficient the engine. For a two particle collision, it does not seem that there would be any difference between work done and heat transfer. An interesting question!
MaGiC bUs
1.Doesn't the int potential energy increase , when we provide heat and temperature of the body starts rising
I mean
Mostly we say int potential energy only increase during phase change, is that true
As int potential energy rise means rise in inter molecular space , and we can see expansion of substances even though it's not phase change
2. You said when two substances are having same average kinetic energy or temperature then no net transfer of energy takes place
But is that true even if the substances have different specific heat capacity
3. According to kinetic model theory of phase change
The temperature or the kinetic energy becomes constant when phase change takes place but after it starts to increase its temperature again
How ??
I really like watching your video as your videos are quite interesting
Hope you will answer these questions 😀
When heat is added to a solid, liquid, or gas, that heat will increase the KE of the atoms/molecules, and so the temperature will increase. However at the temperature at which melting or boiling occurs, there is first a positional change in the atoms/molecules. Positional changes are potential energy, so no kinetic energy change, and thus no temperature change during phase changes. Once the positional change occurs, the atoms/molecules will now use the heat (in their new phase) to change KE, and so the temperature will now change.
@@CrashChemistryAcademy ok but does the internal potential energy increases along the int kinetic energy when heat is provided to a body and it's temperature increases
why can lubricants reduce the amount of heat that is lost as friction?
It cover the rough surface to make it smooth, more smooth =less friction
Please let me know the meaning of average kinetic energy
kinetic energy is the amount of energy a particle has due to its movement. This energy is usually measured in joules. In a large collection of particles, for example the 10^24 water molecules in a glass of water, at any given moment each water molecule will have a specific KE, resulting the entire collection of molecules having a wide range of specific KEs. If you took the average of all those individual molecular KEs, that would be the average KE of the water in the glass, and that would be its temperature. Unfortunately our common temperature unit is not joules (it is Celsius or Kelvin), but it can converted to an expression using joules using k, called Boltzmann's constant, and this is called thermodynamic temperature.
@@CrashChemistryAcademy so sir average kinetic energy is the average of individual molecules and not the total sum of molecules kinetic energy
???
@@vanshmohanjha3452 Yes, the average of individual molecules, not the sum. The problem with summation is that it would depend on the size of the object being measured, and so the temperature would be size dependent, in other words, two objects at the same average KE would have two different temperatures if they were two different sizes. So temperature would become meaningless.
@@CrashChemistryAcademy Thank you sir for your help 😊
Good bro
Tanks!
Finally,my random question is answered.
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so heat>heat flow>thermal??
For radiation. I come The photons do kenetic energy if he as no mass?
Photons have both kinetic and potential energy
yo...where you from?
I teach high school chemistry in Evanston Illinois, USA
@@CrashChemistryAcademy oh..sir you are from USA🤩😀 iam from India !! Namaste (•‿•)
Bro heat is just electrons orbiting their nucleus (proton, neutron).
The electrons of the hot atom (not really collide, but push the electrons of the cold atom) they collide with the other cold electrons, those then are moving faster, while the hot one slows down a little until they move the same speed. See it as a gear
I thought of this while using the "Chest Fly Machine" in the gym (i got 50kg on that bi---
could do 60 12 easy reps but idk man. Nevermind.
Due to electrons existing only at energies that allow them to manifest Schrodinger's probability function as a standing wave, the KE of an atom or molecule, whether is is vibrational, rotational, or translational, is carried by the nucleus, not the electrons. Yes, electrons have KE, but that is dictated by ground state/excited state energies, and not collisions. Collisions are mediated through the repulsions of outer electrons of two atoms approaching closely, and that force will transfer to the nucleus, decreasing or increasing KE. The atom-- its electrons and nucleus, act as a unit. Repulsions from a collision push on the electrons which forces the nucleus to move in order to remain in an energetically most favorable part of the atom, its center. The vibrational or translational movement of the nucleus necessarily move the orbitals (electrons are not in orbits) in tandem with the nucleus to maintain the central location of the nucleus within the atom. Hope that makes sense.
Gonna perfect quiz
I am the teacher that made them watch this.
Thanks!! I appreciate the vote of confidence!
Shame on you. Why do you want to brainwash students into an unthinking acceptance of scientific realism?
WHY DID YOU MADE THEM TO WATCH DO YOU WANT TO FAIL THEM FOR EXAM BECAUSE THIS VEDIO IS BRAIN WASHING
Can you explain to me how cold is formed
Cold is the absence of heat.
Im In grade 3 N I need to learn it so ddeep till electron proton neutron atoms elemenets compunds..PLEASE HELP ME
Stop flexing curios kid
Can anybody explain that if air acts as an insulator why is passing along the heat?
Insulators have a range of how well they reduce heat transfer. Molecules are required (except in the case of EM radiation) to transfer heat. The more spread out the molecules are, as in a gas, the less efficient they are at transferring heat. However they still can transfer heat, just slowly (inefficiently) due to greatly reduced particle collisions compared to a solid or liquid.
@@CrashChemistryAcademy Thankyou!
How heat is produced in the illustration
Heat is not being produced in these illustrations. The way we normally encounter heat is through a transfer of KE. Heat can be produced in an exothermic chemical reaction, by converting potential energy into kinetic energy. I do not show this in the video. However, if you want to watch th-cam.com/video/eocyl9dZ7W0/w-d-xo.html, that would help with your question-- it shows how heat is produced in a chemical reaction.
Are nuclear energy and heat energy same?
Heat is a transfer of kinetic energy. For example, when you feel the heat from a fire, what is occurring is the KE from the very fast moving gaseous products of the fire colliding with your skin and transferring their KE to your skin upon contact. This is called conduction. In nuclear energy, the nucleus of an atom is split, releasing high KE particles and EM waves. whose KE is transferred to whatever is around it, increasing the surrounding temperature. This again is heat conduction. For example, in nuclear power plants, that KE is transferred to water surrounding the nuclear reaction, which raises the temperature of the water. It is then that high temperature water that is used in the machinery of the powerplant to create electricity.
@@CrashChemistryAcademy KE particles u say,wt is the name of those particles?
Nuetrons, gamma rays, daughter nuclei
Wow, thanks, I didn't understand, you know I have an exam tomorrow 😒 and I didn't understand it, but I already understand it.
Hope u passed
💗
how to proof that .....
My teacher made us watch that
what is heat?
Thanks a lot!!!
but why do particles vibrate in the first place?
All matter (all particles) in the universe exist by virtue of the energy they contain. This is summarized in Einstein's E = mc^2. The energy all particles contain is a sum of their potential energy and kinetic energy. All particles contain both types of energy. So it is the kinetic energy that manifests as movement, so that is the vibration. More KE = more vibration.
That's what's going on in 🇨🇦they released particulate and use heat to push it when it's cold they use heat to separate using clould seed and fire
So... can we say that the phton is heat? or hes just transporting heat from the sun?
When people talk about photons as heat, they are referring specifically to the frequencies of infrared that the skin is able to absorb in a way that increases the kinetic energy of surface atoms. Our skin is not warmed by any other category of light. I think it is fine to say infrared is heat, since that is how we normally experience it, primarily from the sun. But the IR photon itself, like any other photon, is a packet of specific energy determined by its frequency and Planck's constant, and nothing more. IR is only a transporter of heat due to the coincidence that our skin is at a temperature that absorbs that energy. Of course the earth absorbs that energy as well due to its surface temperature.
Search on TH-cam: Theory of heat journal.
So the Sun releases enough angry particles to dramatically change the equilibrium of everything? That's kinda crazy, a guess it'd have to be a chain reaction but what's between us and the sun to move from? I'm probably just dumb and don't understand the relationship between light waves and heat.
I like your description of "angry" particles! Yes, the particles of light (light waves) released by the sun have kinetic energy. Heat is when kinetic energy is transferred from one object to another. In this case, when a photon from the sun is absorbed by an atom on earth (the atom can be a part of any object-- a rock, you, plants, gerbils), that absorption means the photon's energy has been transferred to the absorbing atom, and so the atom now has more KE. This will happen quadrillions of times per second, the result being an increase in KE for the entire object, which is an increase in temperature. If that makes the object warmer than its surroundings, then it will transfer its KE back to the surroundings via conduction, which I assume is the equilibrium you are referring to. The earth transfers its absorbed sunlight KE back to space by releasing infrared energy in an attempt to reach an energy equilibrium, which it will, given a stable atmosphere. But because we have an atmosphere with increasing amounts of gases that absorb infrared, the equilibrium is not reached, and so the earth retains more and more sun energy to reach that equilibrium, which is what is called global warming. One last thing, which is that there is another mechanism for absorbing a photon's energy, which is when electrons absorb it. In that case the increase in KE is momentary, because the electron releases that energy immediately as a photon. Absorbing KE as heat is when the nucleus absorbs photon energy. Hope that helps!
@@CrashChemistryAcademy yeah thanks! I totally forget about photons, the video made sense but I didn't comprehend light's relationship with heat. I knew about space particles from exploding stars that tear right through your body though. They sometimes change the charges that determine a one or a zero in computers and cause massive errors.
Yes, cool, lots of particles streaming through space. Most are neutrinos, which likely have no effect on computers chips, but I could be wrong. Larger particles like alpha or beta particles could damage an exposed chip, but if there are enough of those around to penetrate through a computer box, that would be a pretty bad situation for life too (sickness, death). But I don't know much beyond that!
@@CrashChemistryAcademy "The phenomenon is thought to have thrown off the voting numbers during an important election in Belgium and even to have caused braking issues in Toyota vehicles that led to a 2009 recall of over 9 million cars." It's rare but it happens, it has to hit it the perfect way. Kinda really terrifying though.
@@CJM-rg5rt Very interesting! I wonder what is doing the damage. Another thing to put on my list.
nice editing skil
😊 Thanks, I sometimes spend too much time on editing, it is nice that you noticed!
Full form time pass plz sir tell me ?
This is extreme slow motion, so very tiny amount of time.
I HAVE TO LEARN IN 3D AND DEEP , WITH ATOMS & ELECTRONONS.
At the big bang, everything there was, was hot. So how did the universe cool? Where did the heat go when there was nothing colder for the energy to flow to?
I would guess entropy is the answer. At first I thought of adiabatic expansion, but that requires matter for the expansion to expand into and work to occur through that expansion. So thinking of entropy as a dispersion of energy-- the more energy is dispersed, the greater the entropy-- would be a tidy answer, and in my mind makes sense. The expansion itself is a dispersion of energy contained by all that is expanding, and so as energy gets dispersed, temperature decreases (= less average KE per unit volume).
But what is moving? The atom? The electrons?
The atoms contain the kinetic energy. The movement engendered by KE is transferred to other atoms during a collision. That is what is moving, the KE, from one particle to another.