Who Was the First Queen of England?
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- เผยแพร่เมื่อ 30 ก.ย. 2024
- Elizabeth I? Lady Jane Grey? Empress Matilda? England has seen some impressive queens, but who was the very first to rule? Well, that’s what we’re going to find out!
Join Louise Quick who, with the help of the public and Medieval Historian Dr Eleanor Janega, is on a mission to discover the first ruling Queen of England.
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Given that we still count Edward V and Edward VIII as legitimate kings, despite them never having their own Coronations, it has to be Mathilda.
Absolutely. The coronation in itself is not what makes you king/queen. That is just means of religious recognition and if I would be too pedantic, the entity giving that recognition changed with the reformation, so monarchs crowned by the church of England, would not be recognized by the church of Rome which was the original entity.
In short... Absolutely Mathilda.
Good point.
@@TheAlchaemist Mathilda's own son also had his eldest son coronated 'Henry the Young King' whilst he was still living. Henry Pre-deceased him, and so, although he was officially crowned king, is not recognised as such so not even a Coronation is a rock solid guarantee.
@autumnwitchcraft Always wondered why the Angevin Co-monarchy wasn't counted? Perhaps even though the Young King Henry had de jure authority, but in reality his Dad still had de facto power throughout the Younger's "reign" if you can call it that?
@@ToastieBRRRNI have always thought this was due to the fact that, it just wasn’t something the English court ever had done. We did not have the Prince of Wales title either. Which is how we know, who the heir is today. Also it was a way of avoiding another episode of the Anarchy. This was before primogeniture, so naming your heir in advance, which was incredibly important. That has always been my explanation, anyway.
Before watching a minute: Ruling in her own right? Mathilda is my guess. Queen in title, not a clue.
My guess as well.
@@efretheimdisputed not always counted.
@@gwendixon74 Yeah, I know. But she had a better claim than the guy who crowned himself.
@efretheim Stephen her cousin.
A pedant writes: As Matilda's married title was Empress, would that have carried across to pre-reformation England?
“Tore up London, a bit like I like to”
There’s only one thing getting “torn” while he’s in London!
Yes, Empress Matilda was my first guess, since at the time of Bodicea, England hadn't even begun to exist.
"Queen" wasn't really a concept either
@@jasongarfitt1147 And Bodica was only a queen of a region of north east anglia, not of England.
There are more than one ways to look at England. There is the land and the actual country. I suppose Athelstan actually created England. That would make Maude, daughter of HenryII, the first Queen.
Boudica is like Vercingetorix.
@@AnnHutchinson-ki4oq we count Alfred the Great as the first king of England even though England did not exist yet. He was the one with the vision of a united England.
Stephen was NOT Matilda's uncle. He was her first cousin, the son of her father Henry the First's sister, Adela.
And he also wasn't childless, it was just that his son Eustace died before him, and he wasn't likely to have any more children, so to end the conflict he named Henry hi heir. Matilda definitely for the win though :)
He also had older brothers who weren't happy at being skipped over.
True, he was her cousin but he's still a lying scumbag as he did swear allegiance to her in front of Henry 1 and his nobles and then went back on that as soon as Henry died. I'm actually surprised at his level of support considering he went back on a vow but I guess male chauvinists were willing to overlook that!!
@@jacquiross5290 he did have another son William who he probably wanted to tae the role. But there just wasn't enough time to shore up support for him before Stephen died
@@shannonwolff2599 This was an era when to be a good king was to be good in battle, so you can get why they don't want a female ruler. Apparently, he had much better interpersonal skills than her. She apparently was very arrogant, where he was personable, and people thought it was ridiculous that she was still styling herself as Empress. Not to mention, Stephen had holdings in England and lived there while she was a French Duchess who had been Empress of a German land. Thirdly, her second husband ruled Anjou and was a total jerk about it, so people feared his influence. Her father should have arranged her second marriage to an English nobleman probably.
Although very knowledgeable, the historian has an obnoxious personality.
True. And she’s not that knowledgeable.
Met her have You. !!!!!!?????? Reminds You of You does she???
I think another reason Matilda struggled to take power, besides sexism, was that she had a less advantageous power base compared to Stephen. She spent most of her early life abroad in the Holy Roman Empire. Whereas Stephen, had holdings in England and the county of Boulogne (through marriage) and was well known in the court of King Henry. Plus when Matilda came back to Henry's court, she got married off to the Angevin Duke. Where the Normans lords were rivals/somewhat hostile to the Angevins. Overall, it was the wrong time and wrong place. Had not her Dad die from eating too many Lampreys (possibly food poisoning) and that she wasn't located far away in Anjou. She know doubt would've been Queen, defacto over all England and beaten Stephen to the punch.
She also made the mistake of demanding a heavy tax from them.
Yes, it’s not like any men with claims to thrones ever challenged other men with equally strong or tenuous claims to the throne. If feminism is the hammer then every nail is sexist.
Stephen was one of the few to survive the sinking of the White ship. He made it to England well before Maude.
@@nbenefiel By getting off before it left. Either due to the overcrowding or because he had diarrhea.
She also suffered from the same thing her uncle Robert of Normandy did: her rival got there first (Henry I in Robert's case, Stephen in Matilda's). Both Henry and Stephen were in England at the time the previous English King died, while Robert and Matilda were in France. Possession is, as they say, nine tenths of the law.
I'm an American, and I correctly guessed Empress Maud (Matilda) -- but mostly because I remember watching Cadfael's "One Corpse Too Many," and I had read Ken Follett's "Pillars of the Earth" (and watched the TV miniseries).
I listen to BBC radio four's Cadfael. I do not remember it so well as you. But I said Matilda.
As Arnulf of Hesden said in that very episode "We stand as we did; for empress Maud, rightful Queen of England."
@@RBS.23 Well, seeing as King Stephen had Arnulf hung, I'm guessing that his opinion on royalty didn't count for much.
EXACTLY how I knew this too! Ellis Peters was amazing.
King Stephen was crowned , 22 Dec 1135, His wife. was Queen Matilda, following the death of Henry I, the son of william I (the Conqueror). Empress Matilda, also known as Maud to distinguish her from Stephen's wife, had been the next in line and there was a civil war known as the Anarchy from 1135 to 1158. It was eventually agreed that Henry II would succeed Stephen.
Sharon K. Penman wrote 'When Christ and His Saints Slept' which fleshes out the hiistory of that period , The Brother Cadfael Chronicles by Ellis Peters covers the same era
I regard Aethelflaed, King Alfred's daughter as the first queen of England, can't believe she wasn't mentioned in the program. She was a remarkable political and military leader, and played a huge part in defeating the Danes. She also oversaw the rebuilding of many towns after re-taking them from the Danes. With the re-taking of York, most of what is now England was under her control.
I think she's typically discounted because it wasn't called England at the time and she did not use the title "Queen of England," isn't she?
Certainly , she had all the qualities and nobility required for the title, but she was known as the "Lady of Mercia". Somewhere I read that the Anglo-Saxon kings did not automatically assign the title of Queen to the king's wife; an exception being Offa and Charlemagne, who required his daughter to receive the title. It all fell through anyhow. I wish we knew more about Aethelflaed and Elfwynn. I'm still trying to love the Normans. . . restyled Viking thugs that they were.
How could she be Queen of England when she only ruled Mercia?
Elizabeth I
@@susanalopezcarballo1102 Then it would her Elizabeth's older half-sister Mary 1 - making Elizabeth the second Ruling Queen. I say Matilda fits best as she ruled in her own name - crowned or not.
"As a gay man I do love my queens" 😂😂
As a straight woman, I love them too. Both kinds
Cute and informed. Can anyone give him my number?
Mary I was the first undisputed Queen to rule in her own right. You could argue that both the Empress Maud and Lady Jane Grey were Queens before her, but they never had complete control of the country, nor were they ever crowned
Agree
@@davebento1548 I agree as well
100%
Hate to say it but yep!
How is that different from Edward V? He was never crowned and never had any control of the country. What is the difference then? Seriously want to know.
Mary I (Mary Tudor) Unless you are including the nine days (non crowned) Lady Jane Grey, or the Empress (never crowned) Matilda.
Matilda and Elizabeth of York were effing robbed!
@@beyondlondon8600 Neither were Queen's Regnant...
Except for the fact Philip of Spain ruled Jure Uxoris, so Mary never really ruled in her own right
Edward VIII was recognised, despite never being crowned.
@@flakieflake9616that’s why Parliament passed Queen Mary’s Marriage Act, to limit Philip’s jure uxoris rights.
Well, my guess is that it was Queen AElfthryth. Historically though it was Bloody Mary 1
Aelfthryth was officially crowned Queen in 973 so I'd go with that too.
I was thinking ethylfredda but couldnt think between dane and saxon
But Ive had half a bottle of wine,so dont mind me.
What's my guess as well. 👍 Or Æthelflæd, Lady of the Mercia seemed to hold things together for a moment.
Aelfthryth was Queen indeed, and quite a good one, but she was Queen of Mercia. No country called 'England' existed in her life, most people probably didn't even recognize the existence of a place called England, and several other monarchs ruled other parts of what is now England.
Edit: I meant Æthelflæd, darn it. Ælfthryth was decades later.
Did we really need a tedious, like, feminist, north American, trying to be, like, funny, to tell us about our, like, history?
I’m American and I found her annoying.
I’m also an American. She’s a total embarrassment.
I just jumped to the end of the video to find out I didn't have time for her tedious lesson.
'Men are crap'... it feels bad because it is not really based on facts, and if a man would use this type of argument for women, 'Women are crap'... something would explode.
Yes something did explode that is how women fighting for equal rights started, btw I don't think men are crap but I think many men like you take all this too personally for some reason known only to yourself and your many, mang GFs!
Its a very low-resolution argument, I agree. Bit of a boss babe episode this one, much preferred the Kings episode. You can acknowledge the thinking of the time without having to put some daft feminist spin on things
I agree. While this argument has its merits in some situations, it its a bit ridiculous here. While men may be obsolete sometime in the future due to science, they were still absolutely necessary 1,000 years ago, and to act as if they were not is absurd.
Your correct and I'm sorry .. I try to call out reverse sexism too
@@AceEagle-pm1bn Women were good at the job cos the job needed doing! Men and women were not thought of so different .. Both worked hard and ruled hard. Sometime between dawn of man and the christian Bible, 80% of records of women's achievements were eradicated or assumed to be by men. And that's not a feminist spin just fact. I'd love to read history without the biases wouldn't you! Somehow I think a lot of men were overlooked and their achievements claimed by others too
Fun fact: Matilda's son Henry called himself Henry Fitzempress.
Wasn’t he the one that resented his mother? Or was it the son of Eleanor? I always get the two of them mixed up.
@@jujutrini8412he didn’t resent his mother. As far as I know he was very respectful and very much aware that the position he gained was thanks to his mother.
@@jujutrini8412 John was in constant conflict with his mother, Eleanor of Aquitaine, wife of HenryII. John wanted the throne held by his brother, Richard Couer de Lion. Eleanor held the throne for Richard until his death in 1199. John spent Richard’s entire reign conspiring against him and succeeded him after his death. He is remembered as one of the worst kings in British history. John could not control the various Angevin factions. He could not control his barons and was forced to accept Magna Carta. I remember having to memorize a poem back in elementary school, John, John, bad King John, shamed the throne that he sat on. Not a penny not a ( something) cared this monarch for the law. Promises he daily broke. After that I forget but that poem created my early impression of John. I do remember “so the barons brought a deed, down to rushing Runnymede, Magna Carta was it hite, charter of the people’s right” Just more useless trivia.
@@nbenefiel I always remember bad King John! Thanks for bringing that poem back to my memory. We learned it at school as well but I had totally forgotten.😂
He also was know as Hnery Plantagent, and Henry the second
I love that Matilda won. I love that for her.
She didn’t really win, Stephen remained on the throne
@@michaelmccomb2594 Just say you didn't watch the video to the end. As Dr. Janega says, "Men won't tell me what to do."
@michaelmccomb2594 her descendants are still on the throne though. Which is funny because that would mean Mary Queen of Scots beat Elizabeth I
@@kimyoonmisurnamefirst7061 you can’t deny historical facts because you don’t like the fact that 12th century England was sexist
@@ImperialAtlantis Only because of the threat posed to Stephen by her son, Henry II. He succeeded where Matilda failed.
Re: Jane Grey, it must be noted that Henry VIII had made his daughters Mary and Elizabeth bastards when he annulled his first marriage and ended his second by convicting his wife of treason. In two different Acts Henry displaced his daughters, while a third Act restored them to the line of succession after Edward and any legitimate children yet to be born to the King by his ultimate wife Katherine Paar, but before the descendants of the King’s two sisters, Mary Brandon and Margaret Stewart. When Edward VI lay dying on his own deathbed, he amended the order of succession in his own will to once again exclude his half sisters Mary and Elizabeth, naming the eldest granddaughter of his late aunt Mary Brandon as his successor - Lady Jane Dudley, born Jane Grey. This was registered as an official act and signed by every member of his Privy Council and several key bishops. When his death was announced, Jane’s ascension was proclaimed by the court heralds. Jane was moved to the Tower to await her coronation. Mary, however was already on the march towards London at the head of an enormous force prepared to lay siege to London and starve the entire city to death or submission not just to Mary, Queen of England, but to the Blessed Mary, Virgin Queen of Heaven. Catholicism was returning with a vengeance and at a high cost, therefore those placed within the gates of the city to hold it for Queen Jane instead unlocked the gates and held them open to welcome Queen Mary. At first Mary took pity on the girl and committed to spare her, but her father/in-law’s role in fomenting the Watts rebellion to remove Mary and restore Jane backfired and sealed the fates of both Jane and her husband, Guildford Dudley. So was Jane ever really Queen? According to the late king, his privy council, and several bishops of the Church of England she was; it wasn’t she who dismissed Mary and Elizabeth, it was the late Edward VI acting in his rightful capacity and with past precedent dating to the reign of Henry VIII to substantiate his decision to revert the succession to the original amendment as a means of protecting the Church of England from dissolution. What propelled Mary and jettisoned Jane was not a superior legal argument, but a superior show of manpower and dread of terrible consequences. If for no other reason than the role of pawn she was forced to play unwillingly, I think at the very least Jane is owed that distinction for the nine days she was forced to bear the ultimate responsibility and pay the ultimate price for the vicissitudes of kings and prelates who used women as chess pieces in a game of conflicting loyalty and ambition.
Phew, your knowledge is impressive! However, one may be born to be queen, as Matilda/Maud was, but it's the crowning that counts.
Agree.
Jane Grey and her husband were little more than children really. It was a truly brutal ending for them both.
I totally agree with you. Some of what you say is partly why I think monarchy is total BS.
How do you account for bypassing Jane's own mother, who should more naturally have been Edward's heir? Contemporary accounts suggest Jane's claims were illegitimate solely on that front.
I wish our children were taught history by someone with this much enthusiasm and energy!
Isn't she wonderful?? She makes it come alive--as if we are all there, back in time.
@@aiai-j7i totally agree, I loved history as a kid,still do. I hope we see more of her!
I agree, although I was a bit disappointed to hear her call Stephen Matilda's uncle. He was her first cousin. She had no uncle, as he had died in the White Ship disaster.
teach them yourself
If it's not on TikTok it never happened 😏😈
I am amazed how many British on the streets thought QE1 was first queen, and yet a guy with a non-British continental accent knew more than most people and then we had someone with a North American accent sort it out for us.
Poor education in the UK for many. Standards have lowered and lowered for decades, for many reasons, so what used to be expected of pupils is now not even attempted in state schools. Also, in many homes education is sn't valued or encouraged beyond what's necessary for exams.
The English curriculum doesn’t really teach much about kings/queens, as someone who was interested in it at school it was quite infuriating
Well, Boudicca was queen of an alliance of Britons , but way too early for it to be England. The Anglo-Saxons had yet to arrive. Still, gotta love her for her defiance of Rome. Tragic fate as well.
Saying men are crap really devalues this video! Neither Men, nor Women are crap. Individuals though, they can be crap.
Me thinks she has some issues.
@@QBRX Misandry at it best!
I looked at the thumbnail and knew instantly how it would roll.
It also adds an untrue resolution to her conclusion
I'm going for Aethelflaeda of Mercia. Lady of the Mercians. Depends on how you count Emma or Matilda as well.
I was thinking Aethelflaeda, I guess its all about definitions of what we think of as England and Monarchy today. What it iteration of "England" are we talking about? Technically Mary I from a modern stand point. It's a bit of a trick question without that qualifying information.
But she’s of Mercia, not England…
I never miss an opportunity to big up Æthelflæd's achievements! But she didn't rule England. Still I'd love to hear Dr Janega do a piece on her. Please HH?
YESSSS!! I've been yelling that at the screen throughout the whole program!! If Alfred the Great was considered the first king of England, then his daughter should be considered the first queen.
@@theonellakats2443 but he’s not considered the first king of England
I agree with Matilda being the first Queen "of" England, with Boudica the first Queen "in" England, and Mary the first "crowned" Queen of England
That's the best way to put it.
Bravo!!! But what of Aethelflaed? The Lady of Mercia, not a Queen of England but not a Queen of Mercia.
@@meeeka Yes that's the thing isn't it, other queens 'in' England....
No a norman woman grand daughter of william the conquerer
Nah, You can't have 2 people rulering the country at the same time....doh, its like calling all the party leading prime minister during the elections .........THE ONE WITH THE MOST BACKER WON
🤣🤣 at 3.05, " biggest difference between a King and a Queen ."
Reply, " Ooh thats a hard one. "
""CORRECT"" 🤣🤣
Sorry, couldn't resist it.
Great videp. 👍
"Elizabeth, played by the elf lady"
Cate blanchett xD
FUcking gold.
With the elf woman, snorted in the street😂
ahahaha an Australian too
Insufferable presentation.
“Men are crap” Is that sexist?
Nice discussion otherwise.
No it’s not because that is about how the men in history have literally affected politics and harmed because of someone’s sex. They are indeed crap.
To say “oh that line is sexist” is to devalue the fact that the men who have 100%harmed people based on genitals while the ruling Queens (or not) haven’t done any of that
Sexism is to honestly view someone lesser than because of their sex and to have prejudice against them. Calling that out, but not having the same views, is sexist.
So, spontaneously my first guess was Mathilda, but I’m Swedish so what do I know - but not such a bad candidate after all! The credit goes to the Brother Cadfael crime novels, set in the period of war between Mathilda and Stephen 😊
Ellis Peters is on Stephen’s side though, and (rude) she calls the Empress Matilda Maud because Stephen’s wife was also a Matilda (Matilda being the 12thC equivalent of Ædgyfu in Royal names, apparently - popular). Don’t know about you, but I’m reassessing that take based on this video 😂. Go Matilda!!
According to wiki, the civil war between Stephen and Matilda is called the Anarchy.
@@EstherV359 I agree. What I meant was that the novels got me interested in the period 😊
Yes, me too! Loved them 👌
My goodness, I'm impressed so many other nationalities know of Matilda (wherever they learned of our history). I know nothing at all about Swedish royalty, I'm embarrassed to say - just a little each of French, German, Spanish, and Dutch royalty (and all that from a few TV series that have come my way).
"I choose Matilda because men don't tell me what to do" - The most scholarly judgement that I've ever heard.
BTW the overwhelming consensus is that Mary I was the first queen in own right.
As others pointed out, Stephen of Blois was Matilda's cousin, not her uncle. He also wasn't childless. His older son, Eustace, died, but William was still alive when Stephen died. England and Normandy and their ruling families had been so devastated by the civil war between Matilda and Stephen that Stephen and his brother, Henry, agreed to a peace treaty which named Henry FitzEmpress, Matilda's son, as Stephen's heir. (Also, as much as I enjoyed the liveliness of this exchange and the support for Matilda, Matilda probably didn't just agree to set Stephen free in exchange for the freedom of her half-brother, Roger, because she was "nice.") Because of the deeply ingrained sexism of the time, because of Matilda's perceived arrogance, because of his long-standing relations with important nobles, Roger was essential to her being able to keep nobles loyal to her in the ongoing civil war. She had to have him free to support her. It must have been a very tough exchange for both sides.
Is there a reason the American expert could not speak with professionalism and respect? I was troubled by her California girl, flippant street speak. Maybe next time, I would find an expert without a performance art communication style.
I LOVED that about her! She was so approachable, and really brought the history into a modern perspective. If I went to her uni, I would take every one of her classes! I was watching downstairs on my television, and came upstairs just to be able to comment on this. I absolutely loved her speaking style, and hung on to every word. And P.S. This is TH-cam - TH-camrs are SUPPOSED to be performers.
Ive never liked this presenter but her absolutely sassing historical rules made me like her so much more xD
0:33 ah yes , Queen Cersei . That famous Queen of England.
😁😁
And Darnerys was Queen of Wales (her dragon is on the flag)
Well Lena Heady is English so...
😂
😂😂😂
Stephen (who was Matilda's first cousin not uncle) was not childless. His oldest son Eustace died before him but when Stephen died, Marie, William and Gervase were still alive and possible claimants. Henry FitzEmpress, however, had been named by Stephen, and had a better army, so he became Henry II. His father, Geoffrey of Anjou, had the broom plant as his emblem. The plant was called "planta genista" and it is from that that we get the name of the dynasty that ruled England until 1485, Plantagenet.
Thank you! Just got to the part of the video where she was talking about that and was hoping someone said something. "Childless uncle" took the throne because "men are crap." 🙄
The guest historian person did know her history well, but saying that "Men are crap" makes it difficult to take her seriously.
especially after constantly evoking the word 'sexist'.
A lot of us ladies got a laugh out of that, however.
@@ElizabethGrindon Just as long as you laugh when men do it too :P
Saying men are crap is still just being sexist. It works both ways 😅
@@uToobeD Sorry. Having been sexually abused twice when I was a small girl by two different men, I guess I'm a little cynical.
I had answered Matilda when the question was first asked and I am sticking to it now as well. Mary was the first UNDISPUTED Queen of England but not the first Queen I feel.
This
Mathilda was the first queen in my heart, but if I had to give a hard and fast answer it would have to be Mary, with a caveat.
Eleanor makes a rock solid argument, every avenue explored to reach a decision. If I ever have to go to court, she's my lawyer for sure 😂
Dr Janega's scholarship is always impeccable. My lone complaint about her is her pronunciation of the single word France. It comes off as pretentious and an unnecessary affectation. She's obviously not a Brit and there's no reason to imitate them for one word. Yes I'm being pedantic 😂
@denisecampbell3416 It's so funny that you say that because I was going to comment on Dr. Janega's speech pattern as well. I watch a LOT of Eleanor's content, along with English and British history content in general, so am quite acquainted with hearing the accents and her specific manner of speaking.
But yes, there are some words that she pronounces with a distinctly British inflection and I assume it's because of repeated exposure. I find it happening to myself too, especially with names. I think it's endearing to hear these little subtleties coming out of her 😊
The "first Queen Regnant"? By her dear papa's intention, then it'd be "the Empress Matilda", though she never ruled all England uncontested (though nor really did her opponent, her cousin, Stephen of Blois. Though he did have a coronation). The first Queen who did manage to do so was Henry VIII's eldest daughter, Mary I. By almost immediately supplanting her late brother's preferred heir, Lady Jane Grey, and ruling unchallenged for about 5yrs.
I am a bit confused by the expert who seems to just be going on about sexism which is not what historians should do at least in public. I think it's one of those unwritten rules about not using modern day values when talking about the past. I agree that Matilda should be considered the first queen of England on her own merit
I agree. Especially as the requirements of a monarch were so different then. Kings were meant to lead armies into war and women were simply just not as strong, not as conditioned for that and had responsibilities in childbearing.
Especially when she starts talking authoritatively about Boadicea who we know very little about. And called the Romans fascists in a time period where that doesn't even mean anything. I was forgiving some of the stuff before that as just her being playful. She has a fun personality but I don't think I can really trust her editorializing as being in good faith.
@@Lowekinder she specialises more in mediaeval history. She should stay in her lane
Her assertion that the feud was only because she "didn't have the right junk" is silly. Any historian worth their salt knows that hundreds of times throughout history people have pledged fealty when the old ruler was still alive only to seek their own advantages once the old ruler died.
@@stevewagner7507 I think she would have been accepted as heir if she were male. But the fact is, if she were male she would have been given the qualities and background required for a king. It wasn't just "do you have a vagine or a penis?" but, what is it about having a penis that makes you more ideal for the role. Then add in the things like Stephen having lands and a residence in England and Matilda having no English interests and that's just the cherry on top.
I am comforted to learn that there are young people who know about more than just the Kardashians. There is hope for this country after all. Very interesting video.
While I'm not particularly young, I've never watched that show, nor do I ever intend to. I did, however, just finish watching documentaries on the entire English/British royalty, and my first thought was Matilda.
Better to learn history, and when possible seek history that was denied.
Yes I was a bit worried at first, but I was glad to see that people aren't too braindead.
@@jasminebarratt1809 If you live in Britain, it is wise to learn the history,even if it means learning history denied.
@@julians9070 Yes probably, you can learn a lot from history.
What about Alfred the Great's daughter Aethelfled ? - the answer can only be after the battle of Brunanburh in 937 when the various 'Kingdoms' became united and known as 'England' as we know it today....... Answers on a postcard please.
I'm going with Matilda. She kept Stephen on the run and naming her son as heir, was an admission she was the queen. showed she was the Queen. Yeah, Mary I is likely the candidate but with Matilda it was basically theft of the crown.
Exactly- if you’re respected enough that people take into consideration your fated heir, you’re Queen 😂
Actually it seems like the opposite, Stephen agreed to Henry as his heir due to Henry acknowledging Stephen as king. An agreement to end the war and appease both sides, Matilda just kind of gave up.
Although did Matilda become the heir by theft of the crown by her father from her aunt (Stephen's mother) who was the oldest surviving child with issue of William the Conqueror.
Had nothing to do with recognizing her as Queen. It was because his heir died and had no official heir at the time and Henry (her son) had come to England in his own right and was going to take the thrown by force if Stephen didn't strike a deal to prevent it.
Loved the commentary and historical information given by Dr. Eleanor Janega. What a fun conversation.
Same! More convos with Dr Janega in a pub!!
Very sexist
I found it rather sad that no English person could be found to be the expert. This woman is so un-English in her commentary.
@@alicemilne1444 OFF sakes! She is a renowned historian of the Medieval Period--her not being English is irrelevant.
@@alicemilne1444 I'm sure they could find plenty, but it wouldn't have been as good
My guess before watching: Boudicea?
I wish she had been, she’s my personal favourite.
Not possible, England didn't exist in her day.
@@grahvis
I think us on this thread know that, if memory serves me well I believe it was Athelstan who first started using the title king of the English, the ruler of the entire world of Britain but I’ll have to try to find confirmation of that, meanwhile I can’t help but to admire the courage, tenacity and leadership of Boudica/Boudicea how ever way you want to spell it, so she’s still my favourite.
What sort of "historian" judges men from over 500 years ago as sexist jerks? Really? History is not about judging people by the standards of the time against whatever she feels social norms are now.
They even named a Tank after her, Matilda II which was referred to as the Queen of the Desert for its role in the North African campaigns with the 8th Army against the Italians and the German Afrika Corps
That I did not know. I will pursue that information further as I am a military history fan.
Two tanks, in fact. Matilda II, strangely enough, is quite a good clue.
@@liberalhyena9760 correct, but only the 2nd was called the Queen of the desert
Why the Septic sexist? Haven't England got enough of their own.
I love being told that England’s history is wrong by an overly opinionated American 🙄
If we start pretending injustices simply didn’t happen and rewriting history we could end up going down a very dark path…
I was born and raised in Winchester, home of Alfred the great. He will always be the greatest in my eyes.
Wish he was on the throne now.
@@jacksprat9172 Amen.
How could Boudica be queen of England centuries before the angles "migration" to the British Isles?
The expert knows the information. But hearing her say, “Steven was all… and then Matilda was like… So Steven says like… And Matilda says dude, like…” makes me cringe.
Anyway, I do enjoy your format of posing a number of answers to the problem, and then revealing your answer.
Appealing to the young folks I'd imagine 😄
Agree with you that Janega's manner is cringe.
She also gets information wrong.
No contest, Matilda waltzed it! The Australians even wrote a song about her.
That’s pretty good!😂
There's no proof she waltzed .
@@normanpearson8753 As a GBN (Goebbels Broadcasting Network?) subscriber I would have thought you had/needed a sense of humour - apparently not.
@@jeffreycrawley1216 Nope , none .I loved dances , I got hooked , like a drug , it was . Take the Hokey Cokey, I got hooked on that , but I managed to turn myself around .
I still miss Elizabeth II, almost every day.
Cool, Did you know her?
@@thomasfriesejr.9198 I speak for myself but you don't have to know her but it's more the impact she had. We felt proud of all she achieved.🙂
Me too. A most remarkable woman.
Sorry, but your expert is too caught up in her own opinion. It could NOT have been Empress Maud, because she was never crowned Queen Regnant of England and never recognized as the legitimate ruler. (Though Stephen lost the battles and Matilda's son became Henry II, she herself was never England's ruling queen.) Therefore, if your question means "since William the Conqueror," then, because Lady Jane Grey was proclained Queen but also never crowned, the only answer possible is Mary I. If, however, one ignores the fact that Matilda was never crowned, she did control England for a few months in 1141, so she could perhaps be said to have been the first Queen Regnant, but she is almost never included in lists of England's monarchs, so I am going to disagree with your expert and say that it was Mary I.
Elton John?
100% absolutely. Game Over.
Rock Hudson too, I think.
@@shaggycan Nah, homophobe. Rock Hudson was American.
What about Johnny English as King 🤣
Well now we have to also consider Liberace who was earlier, and Freddie Mercury. And which of them actually ruled as Queen in their own right.
Better not take this video seriously, if you do, your ignorance is showing.😂
What about Æthelflæd, daughter of King Alfred the Great?
Boudicca for me! First trip to London with my dad to his office (clue: 1961) and then he took me to some of London's Roman remains. I thought he had arranged the marching centurions specially for me. but, no - 1900'th anniversary of the revolt. So much fun for a 5 year old!
Except that England did not exist as a political identity then. Boudica's tale is also a fable embellished by two Roman historians. God knows what really happened during the Iceni revolt. We only have the Roman's word that it was the Iceni that burnt down Colchester and London. It could just as easily been mutinous Romans and the rebellion was covered up.
Boudicca was not Queen of England, because
1. England did not exist the time, and
2. She was ruler of just a small area of what later became England.
Boudicca was Queen of the Iceni. I guess it depends on how you describe England.
Depends on what you mean by Queen, England and “in her own right.” If it’s “Queen of the English”, then it’s AElfgifu, first wife of Edmund I. If it’s first “Queen of England,” then it’s Emma of Normandy, wife of Cnut. If it’s “first Queen to rule in her own right,” then the disputed answer is Empress Mathilda/Maud, daughter of Henry I. If it’s “first acclaimed Queen regnant of England” then it’s Mary I, but as a good Catholic she ruled alongside her husband Philip II of Spain. Her half-sister Elizabeth was the first Queen Regnant to rule alone in her own right, although under the condition she never marry. Anne was actually the first married Queen of England to rule completely alone.
Philip II was explicitly a king consort, not a king regnant. Parliament wouldn't have it any other way.
@@samanthafordyce5795 Still King though, even if in title only.
AETHELFLAED was daughter of Alfred THe Great and wife of AEthelred who died and she took power of Mercia in England. Maybe not all England but still a Queen on the Isle of Britain.
Mary was toad and died of cancer . Burned a lotta innocent folks for being the established religion of England. Best thing Henry 8 did was kick corporate corrupt Rome outta ENGLAND . THANK GOD Elizabeth regained that after Mary croaked .
@@samanthafordyce5795 To deny Philip's royal authority is an act of High Treason under acts passed by both the Parliaments of England and Ireland.
@@gussiejives But we've already disqualified all the Queen consorts from the primary discussion, so a King consort doesn't count either. Phillip wisely never attempted to wield any power in England.
Some of the Brits didn't know if Elizabeth I or Victoria came first. But it was an American expert who could answer the question.
True but how many Americans could point to England on a map 😉
@@patdaveydrumsProbably very few.
What’s really weird is that some of these people looked like they only left school recently! We had to learn at least the order of kings and queens in my day.
Americans really miss the monarchy.
Oh very good try watching Americans being asked about their own history, it’s hilarious and remember American history isn’t that old 😅
"This is a story about how men are crap" Yeah, ok love
I am sorry, I really like most of your videos. I loved the one about the first King. The woman you interview to find the first Queen of England is an absolute woke bin and makes so many mistakes. Stephen an uncle? Try first cousin. And sexism?! COME ON! Tell the story correctly, or get lost. The church kinda made Stephen King, even though he swore to Matilda. Not to mention that his brother Henry, Bishop of Winchester helped him. You should also not leave out that one of Matilda's brother supported Stephen early on, before supporting his sister.
The man hating in this episode is unbearable...
Boudicca or Buddug was a Brittonic Celt so that would exclude her from being an English Queen
I'd love to say Boudica, but there wasn't really an "England" then. So my money is on Matilda.
There wasn’t an England as the English didn’t show up for 400 years and she would have spoken Brittonic Celtic the forerunner to Welsh
Boudicca was the Queen of one of the Celtic tribes, not the whole country, which was not even called England then. It was before the Angles and Saxons arrived.
True, although she did try to unite the tribes to combat the Romans.
after 1066 these were Norman French Kings and Queens as the English nobility had been wiped out these Kings and Queens spoke French not English ALL Norman French Kings and Queen!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
Warning. Crass American historian present.
I feel a little disappointed by some of the inaccuracies that I noticed and I'm wondering how many others I missed. King Stephen did have a son, who died the year before his father when he was in his early twenties. Stephen was captured at the battle of Lincoln but Fitzroy was captured a couple of months later, by Stephen's wife queen Matilda's Army.
According to Wikipedia, Stephen had four children in total, including a son named William who was still alive at the time of Stephen's death. She also referred to Stephen as Matilda's uncle. He was her cousin, the son of Henry 1's sister Adela. I also noticed mistakes when she was talking about Edward VI. He was nine when he took the throne, and he declared Jane Grey his heir shortly before his death at age 15. I don't know why she kept saying he was 13. Not sure we can entirely trust Dr. Janega as a historian, given these errors.
I noticed the same things and share your distrust.@@marieclapdorp2580
I think if history had been taught at school in this way, I would have learned so much more. These two are so fab….
Queen Mary, Elizabeth, Anne, Victoria, Elizabeth? Don’t think Mathilda was crowned Queen of England in her own right. Will certainly agree she was one tough ruling cookie and deserved to be crowned.
Question needs to be more defined! To me a Queen is crowned.
Maybe choosing an intersectional feminist whose scholarship focuses on gender and sexuality and acts like a TikToker wasn't the best choice. Of course, being an intersectionalist, she had to find a victim, and of course she picked Catholics. Henry VIII ruled for 38 years, Elizabeth I for 45 years, and Mary I for 5 years. Mary chose to marry Philip II of Spain, a despotic empire that was home to the Spanish Inquisition and was busy murdering Protestants in the Netherlands, having already done away with anyone not Catholic in Spain.
In those 5 years, she executed, mostly by burning 283, for heresy, i.e., not converting. 800 people fled the country and would probably have met the same fate. Under Queen Elizabeth I, the punishment for non conforming (this included Protestants) to the established church was fines. No one was executed for just being Catholic. Which is not the same as getting executed for conspiring with Jesuits, the stormtroopers of the Counter Revolution, and harbouring priests that were specifically trained in the Spanish Netherlands to sow discord by reconverting the gentry to Catholicism for them to ferment rebellion.
Got to be Matilda. If you discount her then you'll have to discount Edward V as he only "ruled" for a few months and start the reigns of the boy kings such as Richard II, Henry III & Henry VI when they achieved their majorities. Just because they were crowned didn't mean they ruled.
Also, if you include Boudicca then you'd have to included Cartimandua as queen of the Brigantes - and she was queen before Boudicca too.
I think it would be hard to know where to draw the line between being helpful and actually ruling.
Emma of Normandy would be my guess, ended up marrying Canute if I remember correctly.
One of the most impactful. I'd personally rate queen Matilda of Scotland, reuniting the line of Wessex back into English throne and being a good popular regent. Establishing court at Westminster.
The question is queen as in head of state, not as in queen, wife of king.
@@fotograf736If you mean Queen Regnant, kindly say so. (Sorry, just couldn't resist!!)
@@TheHoveHeretic Thank you, that's it👍🏻
I would say Æthelflæd, the Lady of the Mercians who, on behalf of all the Saxons, re-took two of the five Boroughs (Burghs) of the Danelaw and was about to be offered submission of the rest of Danelaw and thus re-uniting Saxon England under Saxon Rule, when she died.
If you consider how many rubbish kings theres been or just forgotten filler kings, vs barely a handful of ruling Queens, atleast all the Queens made an impact and were memorable in there own way
As serial killers aye.
You mean Queen Regnant? Otherwise there's plenty iconic queens from Elenore of Aquitaine to the Isabella, the She-Wolf of France etc.
Would they be as memorable if there were as many of them as there are kings?
From Elizabeth I to Elizabeth II, the Queens of England have always produced a step change in the overall status of this Country.
Elizabeth I - solidification of the Church of England, great poets, musicians and playwrights, naval and military successes.
Mary II - Advances in music and literature.
Queen Anne - Political advances, creation of the Bank of England, creation of Great Britain, military & naval successes, music.
Victoria - creation of the British Empire, advances in suffrage, literature and music.
Elizabeth II - deconstruction of the British Empire begun under her father - establishment of England in Europe.
I'm American so I really don't know the history on the monarchs but the only ones I can think of are Mary Queen of Scots Queen Victoria... But I would assume that every king of England had his Queen?
Also this American that she interviewed living in London... I'm cringing at her attitude... She's giving us Americans a bad name with her brashness
Queen in her own right? Mathilda, before the vid even starts im saying it should be her
(And before anyone says ...well akchully at me, know that i dont care, that is why i said SHOULD be 😂)
Queen Consort, i dunno, whoever Eathelstan married i suppose
I would say Empress Matilda having been named as heir by her father king Henry I
But could it be one of Henry VIII's daughters.
It wasn't the Empress Matilda, either queen in her own right or queen consort, - the first queen at all was William I's (the Conqueror) queen, Matilda of Flanders. Empress Matilda (William's granddaughter) was never formally declared queen and was titled "Lady of the English."
If not for Brother Cadfael even fewer would know.
But weren't Matilda and Maud of Scotland were both eligible for the crown? Matilda was designated by her father the King; her aunt/ cousin Maud was the mother of that bothersome cousin Stephen who tried to take it from her illegally?
Also, Boudica died in 60AD long before England was formed (Kingdom of England 927AD) 800 years later!!!
I’m a bit surprised that Isabella of France wasn’t mentioned. She was the wife of Edward II and was the regent of England from 1327 to 1330.
A Queen Regent rules in the name of someone else. A Queen Regnant rules in her own right.
Yes, but she was not a Queen in her own right
@@lizlyon2902 I agree that she doesn’t really qualify, I’m just surprised that nobody mentioned her. Boudica was mentioned and discussed and I knew from the beginning that she didn’t qualify either, despite her popularity.
I don't think they were including regents. Only those who inherited the throne.
Eleanor of Aquitaine was regent for Richard Couer de Lion but she was never Queen in her own right.
Eleanor Janega is such a vibe and I love her so much
So why was it it not Queen Ælfthryth? She was crowned and anointed as Queen consort as wife of King Edgar. When he died she was a dowager Queen but when Edward died (who she possibly murdered) she became Queen Regent the 'first ruling Queen of the English' between 978-984. Possibly because her name is harder to remember than Mary?
Æthelflæd? Lady of the Mercians.
@@petergaskin1811 I agree she should have been given a mention but I was playing to their rules. According to History Hit's other question who was the first King of England the answer was Æthelstan as before that the Kingdom was divided. Hence Æthelflæd ,Lady of the Mercians not England. However, Queen Ælfthryth came after unification as England, was crowned and anointed, used the title Regina in documents, and ruled for several years.
History Hit chose an expert in late medieval history so she went for a candidate from her own subject.
So she is basically going with Matilda because she isn't being told who to choose by "sexist men". The fact that Matilda never ruled over the whole of England or ever had a coronation rules her out. This would have been so much better if they had a rational historian and not a man-hating feminist.
Whew! I couldn't dispute the characterization of the various players in this story, but too much open gender hostility here to feel like a professional analysis.
Such fun. This is how history should be introduced to children. It is great to see women's history presented in such a positive way. So refreshing to see women in history being discussed in this way as people with their own power and agency. Brings women right into the spotlight.
How about Lady Margaret Beaufort? I know that she was never declared a Queen Regnant but it was through HER lineage that linked her to Edward III that her son Henry Tudor, the Earl of Richmond claimed the English throne despite the fact that the deposed/killed previous monarch (Richard III) and many others had a much stronger claim- and Lady Margaret was still living? I also would like to add that after her son Henry VII died at age 56, his only surviving son (and successor) Henry VIII was still a minor at age 17 so Lady Margaret was the Regent and de facto ruler of England until her own death two months later! One might argue that the Edward III's mother, Queen Isabelle had been a Regent,too, but it seems her paramour Roger Mortimer was the true power until Edward III staged a coup at age 17 and deposed then executed him- leaving Queen Isabelle in the cold. However, neither Henry VIII nor his new own Queen, Catherine of Aragon attempted to dispute Lady Margaret's role during her as Regent. Granted, she had been utterly devastated by the loss of her only child (whom she'd risked SO much for decades to put on the throne- despite being physically separated from him for literally more than half his life before he gained said throne), but she STILL ruled England.
They are only including people who inherited the throne by birth. she was a broodmare and kingmaker but she did not inherit the throne. Without Owen Tudor as the father Henry had do claim. Even then it was a pretty bad one.
@@MsJubjubbird I don't disagree. However, Edmund Tudor was Henry's father who'd died before his birth while Owen Tudor was his paternal grandfather who was executed when Henry was about four. Owen Tudor had sired about six children via Henry VI's mother, Queen Mother Catherine [of France] but had no claim.
@@wardarcade7452 True, they needed the Tudors and the Beauforts for any claim. The Beauforts were legally banned from claiming the throne. But that hasn't stopped people before or since
@@MsJubjubbird Yep! Henry, the Earl of Richmond gained his throne via right of conquest (and at least encouraging the murder of Richard III on the battlefield) then solidified it via marrying Edward IV's eldest daughter Elizabeth (and reversing Richard III's bastardization of her when he overthrew her bro Edward V) and making sure EVERY bit of Papal Dispensation had come through beforehand THEN made a big production of how he'd ended the 'War of the Roses' via uniting the two lines- especially after their firstborn Arthur, Prince of Wales's birth. Lastly, for good measure he put out the dual claims of his paternal grandparents Owen Tudor and the Queen Mother Katherine having had a 'secret marriage' before his father's birth despite the fact that no noble or royal widow COULD legally rewed without the king's or regent's express permission AND he also claimed that his mother's paternal-paternal great-grandparents John of Gaunt and Katharine Swynford HAD gotten all their extramarital offspring debastardized (which including Henry VII and Lady Margaret's direct ancestor). If nothing else Henry VII and his Tudor monarchial progeny proved to be MAJOR propogandists!
Margaret Beaufort had no claim. I’m sure she thought she did, but the Beauforts were John of Gaunt’s bastards by his longtime mistress, whom he did eventually marry and his children by her were made legitimate by the Church as adults; however a law was passed which barred them from the line of succession. As far as concerns Margaret serving as regent for her grandson, I have no information other than that she was the executrix of her son Henry VII’s estate and oversaw preparations for both Henry VII’s funeral and burial, as well as Henry VIII’s coronation. I’m not sure that there was a formal Council of Regency given that her grandson’s 18th birthday occurred five or six weeks after his father’s death, so perhaps she took on an advisory role in the selection of a permanent Council of State (which she was reportedly very good at).
Lol, did that guy say about Boudicca "She tore up London a bit like I like to?" I just don't see him burning and looting. But maybe I should be more afraid. I do respect that she is the only queen he recognizes.
England didn't exist in Roman times, anyway forgetting England Boudica is honorary first Queen of Albion.
I guessed Mathilda and I’m American. BTW, I really enjoyed the guest historian. As we say in the Deep South of USA, she was a hoot!
Kings and Queens don’t have to have a coronation per se. It is simply a religious rite (and a great reason to bring out the jewels) and it’s good for tourism these days. Yes, I admit it. I flew from Australia to Britain for Charles. Kings and Queens become Monarchs immediately following the death of the previous Monarch. That is why the flag atop BP is not usually flown at half mast. Because there is always a living Monarch. It is possible though (my memory fails me) but I think they lowered it for Elizabeth ll due to the overwhelming sadness felt by the nation). 👑
I think it was the Union Jack they flew at half mast. The royal standard is never flown at half mast as it is always, and only, flown when the sovereign is present. They flew a Union Jack at half mast when Diana died; I remember seeing it on TV. I don't remember what they did for Margaret, the Queen Mum, of Philip.
When the post started I said Matilda and I still believe that the credit should go to her.
I understood the reason why Matilda wasn't crowned when she visited London for that purpose was she was so haughty and arrogant she turned too many important people against her. Even so she was definitely a queen because the accession to the throne takes place at the moment the previous king or queen dies. It is an English legal requirement that a coronation ceremony takes place some time after the accession, that all. That is also why Lady Jane Grey is nearly always included on lists of English monarchs.
Totally agree!
We shouldn't forget that Edward viii was never crowned, but no one disputes that he was king. As you say, a monarch becomes the monarch on the death of the previous incumbent. I suppose it all comes down to whether a monarch has the right to name their successor and skip the "normal" succession customs.
Matilda was never crowned. Boudica the same, she was in fact a tribal chieftain, but not Queen of England.
I can't , I just can't. How can you not know the basics about Stephen and Mathilda?! Cousins not Uncle and niece. Not childless.Children plural! One son died the other wasn't interested. He was happy with his titles along with the money and lands that came with it.Facepalm!
This is such an enjoyable program. Very “discovery”Chanel like. Excellent for experts and history lovers alike.
How about “ finding” the first Prince of Wales etc?
I’m guessing that’s “discovery Chanel Number Five”.😅
I’m impressed that people have this much knowledge.
I expected it to be like those videos of americans not knowing who the vice president is.
Me too. I wonder if I would have this much knowledge on a topic, if I didn't get a fake Art / Design degree 😂
Boudicca was a Queen IN England, not of England
Leader of the Icini
Actually not, there wasn't an England. It could be argued that she was a British Queen, emphasis on 'A', because there were more than one. Cartamandua of the Brigantes was far more powerful than Boudicca, she just sided with Rome.
Queen Elizabeth II was not the Queen of 'England'. Monarchs reign over Kingdoms and England hasn't been a Kingdom since 1707. Queen Anne was the last. She was Queen of England, Scotland, and Ireland March 1702 - 1 May 1707, (unification) after which she became Queen of Great Britain and Ireland 1 May 1707 - 1 August 1714 (her death).
Just a little art imitating life, George RR Martin has used the story of England and its Game of Thrones. Those familiar with the spin off of The House if the Dragon will see that Mathilda is very much Rhaenyra in his stories. I agree very much that she is the first Queen of England, she is not the first crowned queen, recognized by the whole of England. So yes, Mary the 1st is the first true queen of England.
Thank you Ken Follett. I am an American and knew the answer because of Pillars of the Earth.!