Mr. Khan, I've been watching your videos since grade 8... now im in medical school still watching ur videos. Thank you so much for your time and spreading your great talent of teaching to the world
I like to think of opsinization as "honey" that makes the target pathogen more delicious to phagocytes. Visual: bees to honey. "Bee"-cells respond, make honey, to attract "b"ears to eat them.
I'm a final year medical student and this video FINALLY made me realize what I've actually been reading all these years. Thank you HEAPLOADS!!!! Love you to bits for this video
Sal I watched a lot of your videos in the past 12 mons. From chemistry to A&P 1 now I am taking A&P2. You are the best!! You make everything easier to understand since English is my fourth language (yes it's true). I got an A on my A&P 1 because of your videos of course my prof. too.. I want to say thank you but Thank you isn't enough, you are amazing u are a hero, u saved a lot of students out there.. Thank you
Listening to your explanations is the glue in my studying regimen. Thank you SO MUCH for these videos. I know I'm not only speaking for myself when I say that your videos are life savers.
I haven't watched a single video of urz that didn't help me. You give lots of information without making it impossible for the simpletons to understand. Thanks a lot.
thank yu thank yu thank yu!!!! my teacher is a BORE and these videos actually keep me up when I'm studying at 12:30 in the morning...PLEASE KEEP THEM COMING!!!
I don't know why professors have to be so sneaky by omitting info and assuming that we'll somehow figure it out with the hundreds of notes that we have to study. You sound more passionate about what you're teaching than any professor I've known in medicine. Thank you.
+Frank Lia I changed my major from Pre-Med to Nursing and I'm currently trying to get into the Nursing program. These videos are quite helpful when studying for the TEAS!
THANK YOU! I have an anatomy and physiology test tomorrow and no matter how many times I read the text I couldn't comprehend this information. This is SOOOOO helpful!
First thank you for this wonderful illustration. I have some questions. 1. Where does these processes take place? I mean do all of them happen in the bone marrow? plasma or lymphoid organs? 2. U mentioned that B-cells can recognize an antigen, but can they activate themselves spontaneously?? or they need helper t-cells as well?? 3. what's about the role of b cell receptors (BCR) in recognizing antigen? 4. How does hypermutation play a role in B-cell activation? Thank you for your time & help
I'm currently taking immunology this Semester and this Video helped me a lot! Textbooks couldnt help me comprehend these concepts but right after watching this video? I am ready for tomorrow's lecture :D Thank you! :D
B stands for "Borsa di Fabrizio", an organ characteristic of the birds. Girolamo Fabrizi d'Acquapendente (1533-1619) is the nome of the discoverer of this organ and he gave the name.
He was meant to call that place on the cell to which the antibody binds an antigen. antigens are like antibodies consisting of peptide chains and the peptides have some areas to which the antibodies bind (which means thyat the antibody binds to specific areas, not the entire antigen). These "active seats" are called epitopes and are only a small fraction of the entire antigen
I'm taking micro now. This what I was learned. It's different in the way of an invader presenting itself so to speak. B cells see Ag. The Ag attaches to the immunoglobulin binding site & processed inside the B cell making Ag fragments (epitopes). MHC2 attaches to the Ag making MHC2-Ag complex. It will then go to the surface of the B cell to display itself for the TH cell to recognize it. TH cell attaches it to the MHC2-Ag which will release cytokines to activate the B cell to Clonal expand. The clonal expansion will make some B cell, memory B cell & developing into antibody producing plasma cells.
Antibodies can neutralise pathogens by binding to the active regions. Antibodies can also bind to pathogens and tag them for phagocytosis. Or the antibodies bind and signal NK cells to kill the cells.Or the bound antibodies allow the binding of a C1 complex to the pathogen surface and allow the complement cascade to destroy the cell. Hope that helped
Am in college and am listening attentively. Then Khan throws a joke and i chuckle. "Yah that weirdo with the headphones!!" Thnaks Khan for the smile i never thought i will have while listening to this.
I like that he explains the meaning of the words and everything. Of you just spit out a bunch of names & deliver it in a very dry way, it doesn't get memorized. So it's like he makes a little story for each section of what he is explaining & think that's why his method works so well :)
About 92% of all human cells are microbes; then one can ask what "are" we? My true interest is quantum mechanics, but I started education late so getting my PhD in biology before switching to sub-atomic particles. I want to research and publish work in regards to how subatomic particle interact to create such products, i.e. at 5:45 I want to know what quantum mechanisms occur in order for these variables to shift.. Science is amazing, good videos.
Thank you thank you thank you! I was getting really annoyed with not thoroughly understanding the entire concept by reading my text book....you make it interesting!! :) Thanks again!
Mr. Khan, I've been watching your videos since grade 8... now im in medical school still watching ur videos. Thank you so much for your time and spreading your great talent of teaching to the world
wait what? He been around that long?
John Michael Amen!
John Michael I'm pretty sure you go to my school, haha.
+John Michael me too since high school atleast
+John Michael Haha, I'm in pre-med and watching his videos.
I like to think of opsinization as "honey" that makes the target pathogen more delicious to phagocytes. Visual: bees to honey. "Bee"-cells respond, make honey, to attract "b"ears to eat them.
+Debi Baird hahaha I love it. Great mnemonic!
We had a Greek girl in my med school class that says opsonise comes from a greek word meaning 'to make something tasty'. Haven't forgotten it since!
Haha, Great trick for understanding and memorizing.
That’s a good analogy.
I love how excited he is about B cells. You're the best Sal.
The world needs more teachers like you
To g if h o d go is
H HD Xbox ju cm if z sic ss di of b joy so if Eric fix chi is Xi if x di of di of UK NC to key in Co of mix x Ying togk c
I swear I would never understand any concepts taught in my lectures if it weren't for you teaching them in much better depth and explanation
6:35
me during quarantine: ahhh COVID-19
covid is nothing to worry about
I go to an elite Australian dental school and haven't gotten any sense of understanding until these videos. THANK YOU!
Elite? Lemme guess Melbourne uni? 😂
I'm a final year medical student and this video FINALLY made me realize what I've actually been reading all these years. Thank you HEAPLOADS!!!! Love you to bits for this video
يبدو أن التعليقات كلها قبل سنوات فقط انا من الحاضر ...شكرا جزيلا لك اينما كنت و بارك الله فيك❤️على هذا التوضيح الاكثر من رائع
Sal
I watched a lot of your videos in the past 12 mons. From chemistry to A&P 1 now I am taking A&P2. You are the best!! You make everything easier to understand since English is my fourth language (yes it's true). I got an A on my A&P 1 because of your videos of course my prof. too.. I want to say thank you but Thank you isn't enough, you are amazing u are a hero, u saved a lot of students out there.. Thank you
Reading books are confusing without your helpful videos. You are a life saver!
Listening to your explanations is the glue in my studying regimen. Thank you SO MUCH for these videos. I know I'm not only speaking for myself when I say that your videos are life savers.
I haven't watched a single video of urz that didn't help me. You give lots of information without making it impossible for the simpletons to understand. Thanks a lot.
6:29 freaked me out. It's now 2021 & COVID has completely destroyed parts of society. Knowing this vid was made 11 years ago is wild.
I love it, was once so confused about all these innate, humoral immunity, all sorted in my head now!!!! FANTASTIC!!!
Imagine a 10year old video looks so fresh on TH-cam
thank yu thank yu thank yu!!!! my teacher is a BORE and these videos actually keep me up when I'm studying at 12:30 in the morning...PLEASE KEEP THEM COMING!!!
I just hate the way my professor describes these but you just nailed it. Thank you!
I don't know why professors have to be so sneaky by omitting info and assuming that we'll somehow figure it out with the hundreds of notes that we have to study. You sound more passionate about what you're teaching than any professor I've known in medicine. Thank you.
It took my professor 3 lessons to explain this , you did a waaaaaay better job in 14 minutes !!!
6:29 hit different in 2021
I see a lot of people are in Med School, but is there anyone watching that is in nursing school?
+Frank Lia Nursing student here
+Frank Lia Hell yeah :D
+Frank Lia I changed my major from Pre-Med to Nursing and I'm currently trying to get into the Nursing program. These videos are quite helpful when studying for the TEAS!
+Destiny Loar lol i'm studying this for high school biology
+Frank Lia Studying this in undergrad - Molecular and Cellular Bio major.
This channel is helping me right now in Grade 9 O/Levels. ALL HAIL KHAN ACADEMY!
Thanks Khan Academy, for making this video. It's really very helpful.
6:31 Covid-19
This video aged well on that aspect.
i am a master student..ur video jus help me revised all my undergrad knowledge...u r a very great teacher!!!
Don't you just love when it all "clicks??" Dangg I was confused until I watched this :)
6:36 *corona virus intensifies*
I finally understood after so many years
I just go to my classes because of the attendance. My real lecture is right here. Thanks so much!.
best b cell video on the net, thank you i have an exam in 2 hours, you made it clear!
Thank you! I’m studying to challenge the blood bank technologist boards on my own and it’s so hard teaching myself, but this helped so much!
THANK YOU! I have an anatomy and physiology test tomorrow and no matter how many times I read the text I couldn't comprehend this information. This is SOOOOO helpful!
6:35
Seeing this to help me with my report in quarantine!
'Immunoglulobing' 'Teaching biology really stresses my perspelling part of my brain' Laughing my ass off hahaha!!
I love this raw lecture style. Too beautiful narrating makes me sleepy.
Ive been following you for a really long time now... your videos are awesome
This video is so good
thankyou so much! I recognize your voice from somewhere? Better lesson through squiggly lines and a voice than i've had in a long time!
Extremely helpfull for my nurse exam. Among the best educational videos i found on YT.
You are the best. Much better in illitrating and explaning this than both of my college professors. :)
Thank you for your great efforts in making this videos you cant imagine how helpful they are im in engineering school and im still grateful.
I don't know how to explain how much I appreciate and respect what u do.... thank you very much .... u r rely helping us,,,pllllllz keep it up
Pharmacy student here...Thanks again for teaching...It would be nice if you could replicate like B cells, and fill up all classrooms along the nation.
A billion times better compare to my A&P teacher this semester.
world need more teaches like you.Thank you.
Thanks so much, this helped a lot with studying for my pathophys. test tomorrow!
great videos,i wish u put numbers on your videos it might make it easier to know which one is next
I'm doing GCSE extension science and you've literally saved me for my biology exam tomorrow
You will be the reason I pass my upcoming A&P2 exam fr
Just starts new project in immunotherapy as grad student. This is fascinating! Thank you so much!
Khansacademy is literally the best information site on the internet!!
First thank you for this wonderful illustration. I have some questions.
1. Where does these processes take place? I mean do all of them happen in the bone marrow? plasma or lymphoid organs?
2. U mentioned that B-cells can recognize an antigen, but can they activate themselves spontaneously?? or they need helper t-cells as well??
3. what's about the role of b cell receptors (BCR) in recognizing antigen?
4. How does hypermutation play a role in B-cell activation?
Thank you for your time & help
I'm currently taking immunology this Semester and this Video helped me a lot!
Textbooks couldnt help me comprehend these concepts but right after watching this video? I am ready for tomorrow's lecture :D Thank you! :D
superb! succinct, concise, informative, these lectures are fantastic. you are saving my skin!!!
YOU ARE SO AMAZING BETTER THAN ALL MY UNIVERSITY LECTURERS
I just love how you make everything seem so plain and simple. Thank you.
8:22 alright corona B cell, now is your time to shine
You sir, I love dearly right now. Thank you for these amazing videos. If I pass my test, it is single-handedly due to you.
Didn't understand this in class at all. Thanks Sal
Bless your soul. I love your videos. I feel so much better about immunity. Thank you so much!!!
Khan Academy doing Gods work
Fantastic! Thank you Mr. Khan!!!!!!
Thank you 💚
Nice Video That You Share , So Very Nice Thanks You Overview of B cells (B lymphocytes) and how they are activated and produce antibodies
B stands for "Borsa di Fabrizio", an organ characteristic of the birds. Girolamo Fabrizi d'Acquapendente (1533-1619) is the nome of the discoverer of this organ and he gave the name.
What is really really REALLY interesting !! hahaha he's so passionate about this.
10 years later this is still incredibly helpful, thank you !
these videos make studying so much less of an effort.
lovee
He was meant to call that place on the cell to which the antibody binds an antigen. antigens are like antibodies consisting of peptide chains and the peptides have some areas to which the antibodies bind (which means thyat the antibody binds to specific areas, not the entire antigen). These "active seats" are called epitopes and are only a small fraction of the entire antigen
So neatly explained, was looking for good explanation for weeks. Finally!
I listen to this guy teaching while i sleep.
I'm taking micro now. This what I was learned. It's different in the way of an invader presenting itself so to speak.
B cells see Ag. The Ag attaches to the immunoglobulin binding site & processed inside the B cell making Ag fragments (epitopes). MHC2 attaches to the Ag making MHC2-Ag complex. It will then go to the surface of the B cell to display itself for the TH cell to recognize it. TH cell attaches it to the MHC2-Ag which will release cytokines to activate the B cell to Clonal expand. The clonal expansion will make some B cell, memory B cell & developing into antibody producing plasma cells.
How he makes the difficult things so easy!
SO GOOD! Don't ever stop making these videos man, you rock! Thanks :D
Great teaching guy! seems more personal when trying to grasp the concepts, nice!
Finally im able to connect the bits of pieces that i have been studying. Thank you Sir now i have a better picture of Immunology.
”some new virus that shows up that the world has never seen before" ... watching this in 2022 gives me chills lol thanks b cells
7:35 the way he says "particular", oml
you are a wonderful teacher, thank you!! I just was not understanding adaptive immunity until now!
Just awesome. Huge respect, sir.
Antibodies can neutralise pathogens by binding to the active regions. Antibodies can also bind to pathogens and tag them for phagocytosis. Or the antibodies bind and signal NK cells to kill the cells.Or the bound antibodies allow the binding of a C1 complex to the pathogen surface and allow the complement cascade to destroy the cell.
Hope that helped
oh my goodness this was actually soo helpful... thanks so much Khan academy
very clear and concise! Thanks a bunch.
Am in college and am listening attentively. Then Khan throws a joke and i chuckle. "Yah that weirdo with the headphones!!" Thnaks Khan for the smile i never thought i will have while listening to this.
Watching this in 2022.. when i heard the word a "new virus that world has never see" kinda blew my mind 🤯🤯🤯
I loved it! The process can be easily understood after seeing your video.
I have test in histology coming up and this really helped. Your work is amazing!:)
it is so clear now
I really enjoy how you present and explain your information, I wish you were my bio teacher
Thank you! It was long but I FINALLY get it.
Really enjoy of these videos, he interprets everything so well
I like that he explains the meaning of the words and everything.
Of you just spit out a bunch of names & deliver it in a very dry way, it doesn't get memorized. So it's like he makes a little story for each section of what he is explaining & think that's why his method works so well :)
@Giesinger07 an epitope is a small part of the antigen that binds to the antigen binding site. It is about 6-8 amino acids in length.
This is a very nice video for a first basic approach. Thanks for your efforts and for uploading.
I'm in love with your brain.
this was great!! I'm at medschool and it really helped me :) THANK YOU!
So clear, I found your videos very helpful.
About 92% of all human cells are microbes; then one can ask what "are" we? My true interest is quantum mechanics, but I started education late so getting my PhD in biology before switching to sub-atomic particles. I want to research and publish work in regards to how subatomic particle interact to create such products, i.e. at 5:45 I want to know what quantum mechanisms occur in order for these variables to shift.. Science is amazing, good videos.
Thank you thank you thank you! I was getting really annoyed with not thoroughly understanding the entire concept by reading my text book....you make it interesting!! :) Thanks again!
It's something in birds that makes B-cells. In humans, the B should stand for "bone marrow", which is where they're made in us.
Let's just say an unknown virus pops up...
Relevant for these times 😔