During my chemistry studies the teacher already called water the weirdest thing on earth, due to H-O bonding in between molecules. This was 25 years ago. He would be happy to have heard this :)
Fun fact in 3rd grade I got kicked out of class for arguing with the teacher because I said water expands when frozen, teacher said there's no way and that everything shirks when it freezes. I asked how icebergs floated then, to which she said they were on land. my rebuttal was what about an ice cube in a glass of water. That's when I got kicked out of class welcome to the American education system
Thanks Anton , youre a real hero. You really open up the information barrier between news and research that most people including myself dont get to hear and the way you show videos , images and explain it is wonderful.
A couple notes after actually reading the paper. First of all, the paper is from 2016. Then, saying that "around 60C water changes its properties such as its refraction index" is obviously wrong because it changes those properties continuously with temperature (at least due to thermal expansion). What the research says, is that at around 60C it changes the _rate_ at which refraction index changes with temperature. And the difference we're talking about here is below 0.1%. It's so subtle that they could not even say exactly where it's happening, so they said "somewhere from 40C to 60C" because the transition is barely measurable. So the dependency is _almost_ linear with a very slight transition at around 60C. So there's no way any drastic or meaningful changes occur at that temperature, it's something extremely subtle right at the edge of precision of our current measurements.
Anton is able to communicate in such a way that I actually understand a few things that are usually only understood by the specialists in their fields. I should buy some merchandise to support him, I will have to support him with a comment for now
Thank you Anton. A subject most chemistry students are not aware of. The many states of the most familiar compound known to the average American. Thanks for taking the time to enlighten people with your videos. It's refreshing to hear a narration that I don't to turn on the captions for. The plethora of English/UK english speakers that are unintelligible on youtube makes it hard to digest the knowledge that I am missing. Спасибо🙂
I've always noticed that a shower which takes a little time for the hot water to reach it once turned on, will change to a higher pitched shower sound when the hot water reaches it.
You are actually a great guy.. U r putting so much effort to tell us something..You must have got 1 million subs till now.. Hope u will get 10 M Subs... Stay Fine
The most amazing thing is that beings made mostly of water, who require large amounts of water to survive and live on a planet mostly covered in water, have only discovered this now.
And that we have gotten our understanding down to quanta interactions, and understand the fabric of light and energy, but still have no idea about the nature of space, and are baffled by the most abundant molecules and it's seemingly illogical expansion; yet it's a generally commonly understood phenomenal action abused daily.
I kind of wonder how new these findings really are. From the abstract, it looks like the paper reviewed preexisting data about all of these properties and drew attention to the fact that many properties change particularly quickly in a particular temperature range so that it is useful to think of two "phases" of water, even though it doesn't sound like a first order (~sudden) phase change like freezing or boiling.
Thanks for all the great thought provoking content Anton, very much appreciate the explanations and visual representations you provide us. Really appreciate your efforts~ Hope you have a nice weekend ahead!
It's not as remarkable a 'fact' as it is commonly presumed. In the UK we likley have as many words or more for rain, with a slight stretch you could argue there are (probably) over a hundred words for vegetable. It lies on the fallacy that we have 1 word for snow.
Well since the state of ice is controlled by temperature pressure and of course the rate of phase transition pretty much all ice you naturally encounter on the surface of Earth are Ice 1 though Ice 7 also occurs naturally down in the mantle and can remain in its ice 7 phase if trapped within a metastable crystal (such as diamond) inclusions. Most other forms of ice occur under higher temperatures and pressures though note the most not all some can form under lower pressures. It is these higher pressure forms of ice that lead some astrobiologists to worry about how habitable the internal oceans of some ice shell worlds actually are as those with deep subsurface oceans like Titan should experience a phase transition from liquid water to Ice 7 due to the pressures it is under at the bottom of the ocean. This would result in a barrier between the water ocean and the rocky layers below which would prevent the oceans from making contact with rock an environment very important for life on Earth.
makes you wonder how TF, brother Aristoteles (300BC!) knew of that... and it makes me wonder, what would happen if no steam could escape the experiment... dang it, if I only had a lab...
2019 Idiot: What state is the liquid water in?" A; Hawaii 2021 Genius: What state is the liquid water in?" A; What color is George Washington's white horse?
@@HoSza1 Anton said:"water is the only substance....." an element is a substance. but never mind , you are right. i should use zinc cyanide, copper oxide, calcium oxide, or something like that as an example to illustrate that this property of water is special but not unique.
Interesting! I see implications for the mechanism of protein denaturation. For example, complement protein in blood serum can be deactivated at 56C. Perhaps hydrogen bonding changes of the water cause the protein to change its shape. This change in hydrogen bonding ability of the water would be observable as the change in the water's surface tension at this temperature.
That is a great point. Sure seems like a big coincidence with with the temperature range of these changes. Someone should look into that, could be a pretty sweet dissertation in there.
Water (not an element BTW) is hardly the only substance that expands when it freezes due to forming crystal lattices. Gallium expands 3.1% on freezing at 86F and therefore floats on the liquid. Antimony, Bismuth, Germanium and Plutonim also expand on freezing, as do many compounds other than water.
“Tiger got to hunt, bird got to fly; Man got to sit and wonder 'why, why, why?' Tiger got to sleep, bird got to land; Man got to tell himself he understand.”
Birds gotta swim, yes an' fish gotta fly, Birds hard to catch tho, as hard as you try. Anton tells the fish 'bout all o' water's states: All stunned, we just grab 'm 'n' fry 'm up for our plates...
I literally and uncontrollably screamed though out when I heard it. I know he's a smart guy and it was a simple linguistic mistake, but the audience of 100% nerds all hit the ceiling
I would have liked to hear more than just “it changes”…. Conductivity, refractive index, thermal conductivity, surface tension.. what was the “change”??
I started heating a pot of water about halfway through the vid. When the coffee's done, I'll stick a thermometer in it. For science. edit: 68 is perfect.
WOW thank you Anton. Thank you so much for talking slower. Now I can understand every important word you have to share. Happy 2021 to you, and thank you for creating these fascinating videos for us.
This absolutely fascinating!! I wonder what the implications are, what does it mean for life?... I really hope you make an update video about this someday! Love your content!!
The reason why ice floats on water is actually known. Ice forms in crystals, which sort of look like hexagons. They essentially have a "hollow" center, drastically lowering their density.
Perhaps I misunderstand, but 50 C is 122 F, so I don't think this relates to submarine sonar. A thermocline can form between any two fluids that have different temperatures.
'Smarter Every Day' released a video not long ago discussing submarine sonar. Basically temperature has a measurable impact in order of degrees, much more sensitive than the 40-60°C range.
I'm sure I'm not first to say this, but you too are a wonderful person. My son will be 10 next week, science is his favorite subject (space in particular) and you have been a catalyst in that. We watch your videos together all of the time. Please continue to encourage the curiosity of young minds.
I'm surprised Anton didn't know when ice expands from the liquid state it loses its random, compact nature (possibly the only molecule that is that way) and takes on a crystalline shape. He would notice that there is a lot more space in the crystalline shape than random, compact, liquid H2O.
The only bad and SAD part on the video is when he start to bring up evolution teory and say that "the life evolved on earth" This makes all the joy of the video goes do downhill because the "theory of evulution" until today was never proven and why my God is so hard to this people to open the bible and see where the life started and everything that is writen there since more than 2000 years ago can be proven by science. The channel is good but see this guy saying that the life has started and evolved in a "nutrictive soup" is the dumbest thing that you can hear in your day and my 128 + IQ cant take that without complain.
@@hunter.1 yet believing in a god that killed children isn't? I use to be christian and my IQ is only 119. I don't mean to sound like the rest, with all respect my friend... You're smarter than me. Why would a all knowing god do that? He knows our first and last days right? Why would he do that if he knew what they would do? Why not just punish the kings and evil men? I understand the grace he gave us, but why punish us all for knowledge? Micro managing everything. My above average IQ lead me towards these questions. I also lost my ex girlfriend to a awful car crash. I use to pray and put all my faith in God. Once I lost her, I never went back. We use to go to church and we're seriously christian. Then I learned about Yule, pre-christian history and the rest was history. You have your right to your views, why bring them up to others? The story of JOB was the worse in my opinion. But then again fighting over theories is just trivial in my opinion. I read your post and saw you IQ. I thought we could have an open minded discussion... Entirely up to you brother. Nonetheless, god bless you and happy new years to you. ✌️
Damn, that is to true. He looks like Steve, because his head is square-shaped. And his skin and eyes have the right „textures“ to be Steve. But let’s be honest Steve is a good Minecraft skin.
water expands as ice is actually quite easy to explain; the solid form optimises 4 hydrogen bonds per H2O in a more open structure than the liquid state, where molecules pack in closer contact on average without worrying about optimising all the h-bond energy; however liquid water has more entropy, due to the increased random arrangements of packing and so becomes more energetically favourable than ice at a sufficiently high temperature (m pt)
When was the last time you listen to your water and it's life story, no wonder it feel unappreciated and cries sometimes, I have No proof for this but it's what the water feels about it that is important not facts and truths.
The reason ice water is less dense is not unknown. It is a property of the molecules organising themselves in a hexagonal, less dense shape than the liquid form.
If you're going to invent drinking games based on people using verbal crutches in their non-native languages, you're going to develop an unhealthy habit.
I had to scroll way too far down to find this comment, seems Kurt Vonnegut isn't getting the love he deserves these day. Anyway, thank you wonderful person.
Thank you so much for your upload bub! regarding your statement at around: 01:23 "some unbeknownst reason"; it is actually definitively established that the reason water in the solid state floats on water in the liquid state is due to loss of fluidity resulting from change in hydrogen bond lengths & reduced ability to optimise compacting on most energy efficient angular association in relation to all other molecules. An ability that liquid water possesses yet solid water does not. Like Bruce Lee said "be like water my friend" and FLOW! It is also what makes it an excellent thermal insulator & buffer solvent ;::)). Peace & Love!!!
Anton, this is some of your best work, yet! Thank you so much for all the hard work you do. Believe buddy, it doesn’t go unnoticed. I will pass it on ;)
You know I have always noticed that very warm water sounds quite different when you pour it and I wonder if this is related. I think that the change in sound might have something to do with the change in surface tension.
Density, viscosity change, also the fact that the sound wave as it approaches you has gone through rising water in the air that is moving toward you ( doppler effect... kinda) and so changed its wave pattern. :) your observation that the sound was different is accurate. The pitch also rises as the cup fills due to less resonant surface ( the cup above water )
Water ice is more volumous than The liquid state because of its structure and the way it bonds in a crystal latice . It isnt the only solid that will float on its liquid but its fairly rare for this to occur .
Yeah, it’s funny how, no matter how minuscule the details are, we refuse to see the impact of, or the importance to what it is we’re trying to accomplish, communicate, build, etc.... That’s why the ancient game of Go is such a timeless discipline; it’s the patterns that are influenced by the way that you awaken yourself, how sharp one’s able to stay throughout their day. Keeping my mind actively involved with problem solving throughout the day is my idea of heaven on earth.
@@haveaniceday7950 I think in a sense they are trying to say, begin the day with a running start! Never stop racing to make yourself better and better each day! Keep improving keep learning keep questioning keep understanding! It reminds me of a game where a group of people had a task and they needed to finish it with any means necessary, but only on the sound of GO! This took place with video games, but its that bang to start the race!
There is a vintage soviet science documentary out there about water properties and how it reacts even to music or positive words and that water has memory. It's mind blowing.
i know that one.. it actually blew my mind so i researched it to see if anyone has debunked the claims.. and its been debunked..the one with the japanese guy?
@@chronicawareness9986 I can't recall exactly but considering the Soviets back then where chopping dogs heads off and kept them alive on other dogs bodies....it looked pretty legit to me !!! :-)
Schrodingers beer A beer is both good and bad at the same time, until it is consumed and upon consumption its state changes into either refreshing or a damn mistake
actually clouds are made from tiny dropletsve liquid water too. just like how visible steam, called wet steam, is tiny drops. water vapour ie free molecules, is invisible, whether its in the air or if its dry steam. thats how if you watch timelapse video you can see clouds form in a clear sky, thats invisible water vapour condensing into visible tiny droplets.
I sat on the top of a mountain in the Olympics and watched large clouds form and 'unform' all around me for almost an hour. It was a magical experience. A living example of what you are talking about.
Ice is able to float because of hydrogen bonds and intermolecular forces in the polar configuration of the H2O molecular arrangement, not unknown reasons. When water transitions to a solid the arrangement of hydrogen atoms, along with lower amounts of kinetic energy opposing hydrogen bonds, are able to form and stay in configuration that is about 9% less dense than that of the liquid state. Basically the hydrogen atoms are free to align, push on each other, and stay in the right configuration where their intermolecular distance increases.
Fun fact: There are one sextillion, six hundred and seventy quintillion water molecules in a drop of water. In the entire earth, there are fifty quattuordecillion water molecules.
The shower when I turn on the hot water of course the first few seconds the water is cold but when the hot water comes out it sounds different I often wondered why?
Fascinating as usual. I cannot get enough of this channel, and so many videos have been created, it's probably going to take me years of constant viewing before I start watching reruns. Talking about the different properties of water 4 billion years ago when it was much warmer, I wonder if this warmer water was more conducive to life than if the water had been cooler. Life might have started much earlier if the water was cooler? Cheers
It depends on whether there is a gradual change for these properties or a sudden change. If it is sudden, then the existence of a second liquid state is a possibility.
Gradual change in all these things should be happening so without specifically addressing that I am going to say this guy doesn’t know what a state is...
@@Xr-pd2oi look up Exclusion Zone Water, some vids about it on TH-cam, Gerald H. Pollack is one researcher. It forms along boundaries in thin layers and has a hexagonal sheet structure with H3o molecular chains, a gell consistency and negative charge!
Recently? I used to teach about this in high school chemistry fifty years ago. Young professors who are faced with publish or perish rules are publishing absolute junk.
So the quality of education IS going down? I thought it was... I was able to complete a workbook that was meant to be stretched out over a 6-month semester in only a week, if that xD I ended up spending the rest of my time in that English class writing a book 😂
@@fukpoeslaw3613 plus water is no element in the periodic table of elements. Maybe on an esoteric one, but not the one arranged by Mendelejew or Meyer.
People who make candy and foods, or boilers or cast metals or make sensors must have data on this subject. We don't get through an industrial revolution without knowing water is doing weird stuff in a temperature range.
I've learned in the past that the sensation of burning triggers around 65C and this is true for humans and most mammals and reptiles. I think this explains why.
@@AfonsoCL The human body and the body of just about all mammals is made of 60% water so a change in the properties of water can have serious consequences of your body. It so happens these critical changes occur at exactly the same temperatures mentioned in this video.
@@AfonsoCL We just discovered that water changes properties between 40 and 64 C but you already know the consequences for biology ? ... including the effects on the nervous system... amazing! I don't believe it...
During my chemistry studies the teacher already called water the weirdest thing on earth, due to H-O bonding in between molecules. This was 25 years ago. He would be happy to have heard this :)
how old are you ? ... Tip: Don't hold your breath ! 😉
🙏🌹
If you are going to dive deep into water, then you better hold your breath!
every chemistry teacher ever said this. Most of what was said here isn't new.
Most of them says that ...becaus it was already known water is a strange thing
heh, a teacher of mine showed me an analogue oscilloscope reading of me
wifi is a blackhole failure, go figure.
Fun fact in 3rd grade I got kicked out of class for arguing with the teacher because I said water expands when frozen, teacher said there's no way and that everything shirks when it freezes. I asked how icebergs floated then, to which she said they were on land. my rebuttal was what about an ice cube in a glass of water. That's when I got kicked out of class welcome to the American education system
I asked a similar question about water displacement and the animals of the ocean. I didn't get a satisfactory answer.
@@haveaniceday7950 At least you did not get expelled, or, did you?
fire that teacher, it is obvious that a structure makes water density lower
Just what year did this happen cause if you are like 60 or 70 this might be more understandable that this could happen example germ theory lol
What? In what grade? You are not joking are you?
Thanks Anton , youre a real hero. You really open up the information barrier between news and research that most people including myself dont get to hear and the way you show videos , images and explain it is wonderful.
When Bruce Lee said be like water, I don't think he imagined how confusing that could end up being
😄
Bruse lee: be like water
You: which state?
Bruse lee: smartass...
@The ill will Tao of Jeet Kune Do is a great book.
'that could the up being'? That comment didn't make sense.
@@markfox1545 thanks for pointing that out I use a swipe keyboard on my phone and didn't notice
The name's Bond. Hydrogen Bond.
I,ll get your coat!🥴
Lol. Oxygen is a bond girl?
Clever lol
Shaken.
Not stirred.
Im too high for this, now I cant stop laughing like an idiot. Thanks for this
A couple notes after actually reading the paper.
First of all, the paper is from 2016. Then, saying that "around 60C water changes its properties such as its refraction index" is obviously wrong because it changes those properties continuously with temperature (at least due to thermal expansion). What the research says, is that at around 60C it changes the _rate_ at which refraction index changes with temperature. And the difference we're talking about here is below 0.1%. It's so subtle that they could not even say exactly where it's happening, so they said "somewhere from 40C to 60C" because the transition is barely measurable. So the dependency is _almost_ linear with a very slight transition at around 60C. So there's no way any drastic or meaningful changes occur at that temperature, it's something extremely subtle right at the edge of precision of our current measurements.
I always find Antons smile and wave in the end comforting just after he has told strange stuff I didn’t really understand... 😊
"We're not your real parents!" (3000 sq. ft. field of sea anemones and a Gibson EB5 electric bass waving and smiling...)
Lol
Yeah, he has a lot gay fans
"Is water wet?"
"Depends, Which state is that liquid water in?"
Water is wet when liquid water is on the surface of ice.
@T-1000 WizOh'd Woah - mnd blwn!
@T-1000 WizOh'd yes
@T-1000 WizOh'd As long as there is more than one water molecule then water is covered in water and therefore wet.
Wine Taster: "this liquid is dry"
Anton is able to communicate in such a way that I actually understand a few things that are usually only understood by the specialists in their fields. I should buy some merchandise to support him, I will have to support him with a comment for now
Ah, support comes in different states...
That one kid in PhD class: I'm studying water.
Everyone else studying plasma physics: ... k.
Potassium joKe?
Chemists are like the herbivores of the animal Kingdom... No one cares for them but they are the most important part of the ecosystem.
I strive to be that kid :o
@@penisdeletus4601 we don't get no respect
Literally my dad
A watched pot never boils. But it does change states seven times.
Curious does observation actually have any effect on boiling speed
@@sassythefuckinsasquatchcun2818 impossible to test. Because to test it would require observing it. We shall call this. The quantum boiling problam
@@kidddogbites we need to double slit experiment for a pot of boiling water (:
@@kidddogbites heh
@@peacefindersimply5001 Water? I though he was talking about bringing a pot up to its boiling-point. ;-)
Thank you Anton. A subject most chemistry students are not aware of. The many states of the most familiar compound known to the average American. Thanks for taking the time to enlighten people with your videos. It's refreshing to hear a narration that I don't to turn on the captions for. The plethora of English/UK english speakers that are unintelligible on youtube makes it hard to digest the knowledge that I am missing. Спасибо🙂
Just make sure not to drink the water, when it is in the yellow state.
Also don't eat the yellow snow..
Don't get close to *yellow ice*
🗿 i mean it
Unless it’s whiskey an water!
What about brown/black?
@@aralornwolf3140 it’s chocolate scoop it up and eat
Science 1980 "WE KNOW ALL!"
science 2021 "What is water?"
Gravity?
Science in 2050: What is anything?
Science in 2080: Who am I?
Eastern monks: Well, welcome to our world
@@mathematicalninja2756
That will be interesting developments
@@mathematicalninja2756 2015: what is gender?
everything is going darwinism moving forward
I've always noticed that a shower which takes a little time for the hot water to reach it once turned on, will change to a higher pitched shower sound when the hot water reaches it.
2021: we had 2020. This year is bad, and it mustn’t get weirder.
2021: nEw WaTeR
H2O2 THE SEQUEL TO WATER
Stop
Get a life.
@Almost blank sry man, he asked for it.
Wow.
Ton, that was mean.
@@Olkv3D I am once again asking for forgiveness my lord
I remember a great man once said
"Be like water"
That was Sun Tzu.
That was Obama.
Bruce Lee
Polywhirl
James Charles
You are actually a great guy.. U r putting so much effort to tell us something..You must have got 1 million subs till now.. Hope u will get 10 M Subs... Stay Fine
The most amazing thing is that beings made mostly of water, who require large amounts of water to survive and live on a planet mostly covered in water, have only discovered this now.
And that we have gotten our understanding down to quanta interactions, and understand the fabric of light and energy, but still have no idea about the nature of space, and are baffled by the most abundant molecules and it's seemingly illogical expansion; yet it's a generally commonly understood phenomenal action abused daily.
I kind of wonder how new these findings really are. From the abstract, it looks like the paper reviewed preexisting data about all of these properties and drew attention to the fact that many properties change particularly quickly in a particular temperature range so that it is useful to think of two "phases" of water, even though it doesn't sound like a first order (~sudden) phase change like freezing or boiling.
Or, being that we are 70% water, why are we called "carbon based"?
@@livfreelee organic molecules have carbon in them.
@@livfreelee carbon is the defining element that makes molecules organic I believe
Now this is the kind of weird/crazy I want to experience during 2021! Thank you Anton for sharing this 🤗
This explains why you can hear the difference between pouring hot water and cold water I guess. Really cool stuff!
"Water as an element on the periodic table of elements"
uh, ok
Yes, the table of 4 elements:
Water
Earth
Fire
Air
Yeah... me too... hehehehe...
Yeah, I'm not sure what he means by that, it threw me for a loop.
he meant "in terms of chemistry" but it was a poor choice of words
Anton knows better than to mix up "molecule" and "element"
@@Antyla Now I understand. Thanks.
Thanks for all the great thought provoking content Anton, very much appreciate the explanations and visual representations you provide us. Really appreciate your efforts~ Hope you have a nice weekend ahead!
So, when eskimos said they have 20 different names for snow, they weren't kidding...
And that maybe why every snow crystal is different.
It's not as remarkable a 'fact' as it is commonly presumed. In the UK we likley have as many words or more for rain, with a slight stretch you could argue there are (probably) over a hundred words for vegetable. It lies on the fallacy that we have 1 word for snow.
Well since the state of ice is controlled by temperature pressure and of course the rate of phase transition pretty much all ice you naturally encounter on the surface of Earth are Ice 1 though Ice 7 also occurs naturally down in the mantle and can remain in its ice 7 phase if trapped within a metastable crystal (such as diamond) inclusions. Most other forms of ice occur under higher temperatures and pressures though note the most not all some can form under lower pressures.
It is these higher pressure forms of ice that lead some astrobiologists to worry about how habitable the internal oceans of some ice shell worlds actually are as those with deep subsurface oceans like Titan should experience a phase transition from liquid water to Ice 7 due to the pressures it is under at the bottom of the ocean. This would result in a barrier between the water ocean and the rocky layers below which would prevent the oceans from making contact with rock an environment very important for life on Earth.
They prefer to be called Inuit!
4:04 ISIS?
The improbability drive was invented with a really really hot cup of tea.
When someone added ice...
AHA! finally something that could help explain the Mpemba effect accurately! this is wonderful thank you so much for sharing Anton!
That's what I was wondering!
What is mpemba effect?
makes you wonder how TF, brother Aristoteles (300BC!) knew of that...
and it makes me wonder, what would happen if no steam could escape the experiment...
dang it, if I only had a lab...
You said the reasons solid water floats is “unknown to us” but the phenomenon is VERY well understood by scientists.
2019 Idiot: What state is the liquid water in?
2021 Genius: What state is the liquid water in?
Not A Khan: Is the liquid water in a state and not a territory?
@@vid2ification or is it in a prefecture? Or province?
They're both idiots, and that comment isn't faith-instilling either.
2019 Idiot: What state is the liquid water in?"
A; Hawaii
2021 Genius: What state is the liquid water in?"
A; What color is George Washington's white horse?
Thank you so much for the entertaining and informative content, Anton!
The images of all the water coupled with your cheerful demeanor are beautiful. This is a very well made video, Anton.
bismuth, gallium, germanium, plutonium, silicon and tellurium also have a density anomaly.
those are elements, water is a molecule H2O.
@@HoSza1 Anton said:"water is the only substance....."
an element is a substance. but never mind , you are right.
i should use zinc cyanide, copper oxide, calcium oxide, or something like that as an example to illustrate that this property of water is special but not unique.
Interesting! I see implications for the mechanism of protein denaturation. For example, complement protein in blood serum can be deactivated at 56C. Perhaps hydrogen bonding changes of the water cause the protein to change its shape. This change in hydrogen bonding ability of the water would be observable as the change in the water's surface tension at this temperature.
That is a great point. Sure seems like a big coincidence with with the temperature range of these changes. Someone should look into that, could be a pretty sweet dissertation in there.
Good to see i was not the only one wondering if this had direct implications to protein synthesis and denaturation. Interesting for sure
+1
Probably going to be hard to distinguish this effect (if it is real/significant) from changes in the protein structure from it's own internal heat.
Sience!!!!!!! I know about it too👾👾👾👺👺👺👺
Water (not an element BTW) is hardly the only substance that expands when it freezes due to forming crystal lattices. Gallium expands 3.1% on freezing at 86F and therefore floats on the liquid. Antimony, Bismuth, Germanium and Plutonim also expand on freezing, as do many compounds other than water.
Silica also has the property of liquid being more dense than solid
Silica.. i have a crush on her xD (sao character)
@@cobalius lol
“Tiger got to hunt, bird got to fly;
Man got to sit and wonder 'why, why, why?'
Tiger got to sleep, bird got to land;
Man got to tell himself he understand.”
vonnegut?
Yep ❤️
That's deep man...
Birds gotta swim, yes an' fish gotta fly,
Birds hard to catch tho, as hard as you try.
Anton tells the fish 'bout all o' water's states:
All stunned, we just grab 'm 'n' fry 'm up for our plates...
Roses are red, violets are blue, water is wet, stay hydrated.
1:01 water as an element in the periodic table of elements? anton, please stick to physics
Heeey, goteem!
Yeah. Also water isn't the only compound that expands when frozen.
@@Paksusuoli95 Tell us more!
I literally and uncontrollably screamed though out when I heard it. I know he's a smart guy and it was a simple linguistic mistake, but the audience of 100% nerds all hit the ceiling
I would have liked to hear more than just “it changes”…. Conductivity, refractive index, thermal conductivity, surface tension.. what was the “change”??
That explains why I only drink coffee!
I want to see you sip a coffee at 64 c :)
@@calgar42k After it's been sitting on the desk for a while, it gets to that temperature soon enough. It's usually served at just a tad over 70 c.
@@KarstenJohansson most people cant drink expressos or tea beyond 55 c at 65 most would get burned...
I want to see him sip a cup of coffee that was brewed with less than ≈98% H²O.
I started heating a pot of water about halfway through the vid. When the coffee's done, I'll stick a thermometer in it. For science. edit: 68 is perfect.
Now, I really have to read the labels when I choose a bottled water.
Water 2
@@raquelsanchez4129 otherwise known as hot water
WOW thank you Anton. Thank you so much for talking slower. Now I can understand every important word you have to share. Happy 2021 to you, and thank you for creating these fascinating videos for us.
The title had me checking to be sure it wasn’t a vid from April first.
So teachers have basically been giving us a watered-down explanation of H2O's nature all these years...
Row, row, row your boat
Gently down the stream
Throw your teacher off the boat
And listen to 'im scream!
Thank you for reminding me of that.
This absolutely fascinating!! I wonder what the implications are, what does it mean for life?... I really hope you make an update video about this someday! Love your content!!
Today I learned that I'm a wonderful person :D
Yes you are!
sad it took you so long
That's the spirit! Grab life by the horns
When you realize that you love this channel.
Teach me.
I was informed otherwise about myself, and feel that I may have recieved some poor information.
The reason why ice floats on water is actually known. Ice forms in crystals, which sort of look like hexagons. They essentially have a "hollow" center, drastically lowering their density.
Exactly what I was thinking. There’s also a bunch of other substances that do the same thing
It's called, EZ water. "Prof. Gerald Pollack".
And as a person who cooks, you can hear the difference between hot water and just warm water. It's great to hear that it's something even more.
If I remember correctly from Tom Clancy novels, submariners have used the effect on sound proprogation of the thermocline for many years.
Perhaps I misunderstand, but 50 C is 122 F, so I don't think this relates to submarine sonar.
A thermocline can form between any two fluids that have different temperatures.
They have been doing it since the 70’s probably a little bit before then - submariner
... my kind of crowd !
🙏🌹🖖
'Smarter Every Day' released a video not long ago discussing submarine sonar. Basically temperature has a measurable impact in order of degrees, much more sensitive than the 40-60°C range.
Anton is an alien who's drip feeding us the answers to everything, and one day we will transcend to his dimension.
I'm there already I think
Trancend to procrastination nirvana lol
😆👍
0m mani pedme um !
I'm sure I'm not first to say this, but you too are a wonderful person.
My son will be 10 next week, science is his favorite subject (space in particular) and you have been a catalyst in that. We watch your videos together all of the time.
Please continue to encourage the curiosity of young minds.
The best part of his vids is when he smiles at the end
ONE of the best parts....😁
I always love Antons’
“Hello, Wonderful Person”
🤩😍😍🤩
He always looks like someone said "Say Cheese" very forcefully.
@@videopeaberry not forcefully, the type of genuine smile someone would make if they received a compliment on something they worked really hard for :)
@@vincea1830 Its pretty forced, I thought it was obvious
yea its so cute!
Fastest I've ever clicked one of your videos. I just really wanted to learn about new water :D
NERD!!!
😄 HAHAhahaha
S M A R T water
I'm surprised Anton didn't know when ice expands from the liquid state it loses its random, compact nature (possibly the only molecule that is that way) and takes on a crystalline shape. He would notice that there is a lot more space in the crystalline shape than random, compact, liquid H2O.
brings new meaning to the term "primordial soup"
Even ordinary soup is different from what we thought... at least at serving temperature.
The only bad and SAD part on the video is when he start to bring up evolution teory and say that "the life evolved on earth"
This makes all the joy of the video goes do downhill because the "theory of evulution" until today was never proven and why my God is so hard to this people to open the bible and see where the life started and everything that is writen there since more than 2000 years ago can be proven by science.
The channel is good but see this guy saying that the life has started and evolved in a "nutrictive soup" is the dumbest thing that you can hear in your day and my 128 + IQ cant take that without complain.
@@hunter.1 Sounds like a personal problem to me.
@@hunter.1 yet believing in a god that killed children isn't? I use to be christian and my IQ is only 119. I don't mean to sound like the rest, with all respect my friend... You're smarter than me. Why would a all knowing god do that? He knows our first and last days right? Why would he do that if he knew what they would do? Why not just punish the kings and evil men? I understand the grace he gave us, but why punish us all for knowledge? Micro managing everything. My above average IQ lead me towards these questions. I also lost my ex girlfriend to a awful car crash. I use to pray and put all my faith in God. Once I lost her, I never went back. We use to go to church and we're seriously christian. Then I learned about Yule, pre-christian history and the rest was history. You have your right to your views, why bring them up to others? The story of JOB was the worse in my opinion. But then again fighting over theories is just trivial in my opinion. I read your post and saw you IQ. I thought we could have an open minded discussion... Entirely up to you brother. Nonetheless, god bless you and happy new years to you. ✌️
This guy looks like Minecraft Steve in HD.
@TwistyDragon give
@TwistyDragon I just uploaded a video with steve in rtx on my channel
Bruh you can't just say that about a person wtf lmao
Damn, that is to true. He looks like Steve, because his head is square-shaped.
And his skin and eyes have the right „textures“ to be Steve.
But let’s be honest Steve is a good Minecraft skin.
Kids section is a bit further, thanks.
water expands as ice is actually quite easy to explain; the solid form optimises 4 hydrogen bonds per H2O in a more open structure than the liquid state, where molecules pack in closer contact on average without worrying about optimising all the h-bond energy; however liquid water has more entropy, due to the increased random arrangements of packing and so becomes more energetically favourable than ice at a sufficiently high temperature (m pt)
Having just this morning finished reading Kurt Vonnegut's _Cat's Cradle_ this is rather more disturbing than it perhaps should be. :)
Tanks for the book tip, seems like an author I've missed. :)
Excellent reading 🙂
I knew there would be an ice-9 reference somewhere in the comment section
Read that in colllege. It turned out to be a darker story than I was initially expecting.
I take it that it's not "happy" and "sad" water?
When I scream at my ice it cries. I put it back in the freezer to punish it until it stops /s
@@SeveralGhost I put my ice in alcohol to cheer it up.
@@SeveralGhost I put it on my tongue so it slowly melts and cries, as it slowly melts inside my warm mouth.
When was the last time you listen to your water and it's life story, no wonder it feel unappreciated and cries sometimes, I have No proof for this but it's what the water feels about it that is important not facts and truths.
@@anderspersson7084 Actually, now that you mention it, my water has a deeply fascinating life story. Thank you for reminding me. 🌌🌠🌏🌊
Former plumber here.
I learned in "plumber school" that atmospherical pressure also influences the boiling point of water
You forgot about one more water property that change with temperature. Density of water is highest at 4 °C
What I think is amazing about water is that it is made of two light gases and yet it's so flippin' heavy!!!!!
it is the dipole antenna for life
WOW. Already the best episode of 2021. Thrilling .
Hello wonderful Anton!
Hello wonderful commenter!
Attorney General: "Water. Like out the toilet?" Joe: "Well, I mean, it doesn't have to be out of the toilet, but, yeah, that's the idea."
Who's Joe? Not Sure?
But does it have electrolytes?
I like money
To the people who haven't watched "Idiocracy", you're missing prophesy. I don't think it will take that long.
You deserve one night of Rehabilitation.
The reason ice water is less dense is not unknown. It is a property of the molecules organising themselves in a hexagonal, less dense shape than the liquid form.
Each time Anton says "extremely", drink a shot
Lol! Also: "In other words...", you'll be drunk soon.
Hic
Time to black out
of water
If you're going to invent drinking games based on people using verbal crutches in their non-native languages, you're going to develop an unhealthy habit.
3:05
I notice "Ice IX" and remember "Ice Nine" which Kurt Vonnegut used to destroy life on Earth in Cat's Cradle.
I had to scroll way too far down to find this comment, seems Kurt Vonnegut isn't getting the love he deserves these day. Anyway, thank you wonderful person.
Thank you so much for your upload bub! regarding your statement at around: 01:23 "some unbeknownst reason"; it is actually definitively established that the reason water in the solid state floats on water in the liquid state is due to loss of fluidity resulting from change in hydrogen bond lengths & reduced ability to optimise compacting on most energy efficient angular association in relation to all other molecules. An ability that liquid water possesses yet solid water does not. Like Bruce Lee said "be like water my friend" and FLOW! It is also what makes it an excellent thermal insulator & buffer solvent ;::)).
Peace & Love!!!
Anton, this is some of your best work, yet! Thank you so much for all the hard work you do. Believe buddy, it doesn’t go unnoticed. I will pass it on ;)
hopefully not the bit about water is an element in the periodic table of elements.. i wish anton had paid attention in chemistry class
You know I have always noticed that very warm water sounds quite different when you pour it and I wonder if this is related. I think that the change in sound might have something to do with the change in surface tension.
From what I recall, that is mostly due to the viscosity change.
Density, viscosity change, also the fact that the sound wave as it approaches you has gone through rising water in the air that is moving toward you ( doppler effect... kinda) and so changed its wave pattern. :) your observation that the sound was different is accurate. The pitch also rises as the cup fills due to less resonant surface ( the cup above water )
Water ice is more volumous than The liquid state because of its structure and the way it bonds in a crystal latice . It isnt the only solid that will float on its liquid but its fairly rare for this to occur .
0:56 "I mean water itself as a molecule and as an element on the periodic table of elements"
Are you sure about that?
Of course! It's in the same column as the beer atom.
Lo, I think he meant hydrogen but yeah pretty funny.
I really doubt my ears at 1:20 "for some unknown to us reasons ice flows on water"
@@abandonedmuse no he didn't!
@@tobiaswilhelmi4819 He said "ice floats on water"
This explains why I can't make a consistently good cup of coffee.
that's the one thing science will never be able to explain though :D
Yeah, it’s funny how, no matter how minuscule the details are, we refuse to see the impact of, or the importance to what it is we’re trying to accomplish, communicate, build, etc....
That’s why the ancient game of Go is such a timeless discipline; it’s the patterns that are influenced by the way that you awaken yourself, how sharp one’s able to stay throughout their day. Keeping my mind actively involved with problem solving throughout the day is my idea of heaven on earth.
😅😅😅
@@jakebrake7054 can you elaborate on what you mean in the game of go?
@@haveaniceday7950 I think in a sense they are trying to say, begin the day with a running start! Never stop racing to make yourself better and better each day! Keep improving keep learning keep questioning keep understanding!
It reminds me of a game where a group of people had a task and they needed to finish it with any means necessary, but only on the sound of GO! This took place with video games, but its that bang to start the race!
All my best for 2021 Anton, BIG UP
The states of Ice on the Wiki page looked like a list of Final Fantasy spells
🤣🤣👌🏽👌🏽👌🏽👌🏽👌🏽
There is a vintage soviet science documentary out there about water properties and how it reacts even to music or positive words and that water has memory. It's mind blowing.
i know that one.. it actually blew my mind so i researched it to see if anyone has debunked the claims.. and its been debunked..the one with the japanese guy?
@@chronicawareness9986 I can't recall exactly but considering the Soviets back then where chopping dogs heads off and kept them alive on other dogs bodies....it looked pretty legit to me !!! :-)
You’re made of water, that is why you react to words (aka sound).
@@yeseniarobles4289 why not !!! :-)
@@markpats290 lol
Thanks Anton! I love your channel!
Very informative and instructive.
Other substances: why can't you just be NORMAL!?
Water: haha hydrogen bond go whrr
Ahhhh, non political, wholesome entertainment. Oh how I've missed you for the last 2ish days 🙏
the best kind of ist, scientist
Water has a well known left leaning bias. Why I never touch the stuff.
(Sorry just felt like ruining it.)
@@lunaticbz3594 okay, that was funny
Thank you so much for uploading this video. It is helping me to get through the pandemic!
Do these extra states exist with other chemicals and just aren't known because water is easier to study or is it restrained to water ?
Many other compounds have other states, they just aren’t usually as “useful” or have as many states.
As far as I remember, then sulphur is known to have a multitude of states depending at temperature and pressure.
Excellent video, I really enjoy your high quality lectures.
I've observed that Beer 🍺 has 4 different states. Liquid, Slushy, Present & Consumed.
You missed one.
Piss
and spilled
Schrodingers beer
A beer is both good and bad at the same time, until it is consumed and upon consumption its state changes into either refreshing or a damn mistake
Gender: hold my spectrum
@@AnyMotoUSA Could be explained with Carlsberg's probability theory.
actually clouds are made from tiny dropletsve liquid water too. just like how visible steam, called wet steam, is tiny drops. water vapour ie free molecules, is invisible, whether its in the air or if its dry steam. thats how if you watch timelapse video you can see clouds form in a clear sky, thats invisible water vapour condensing into visible tiny droplets.
I sat on the top of a mountain in the Olympics and watched large clouds form and 'unform' all around me for almost an hour. It was a magical experience. A living example of what you are talking about.
@Calen Crawford Man, I wish. This was many , many years ago before the ease of digital recording.
@Calen Crawford If you search a video of lenticular clouds you should be able to find something similar.
Water vapour needs something to condense around such as a dust grain.
cant have snowflakes or clouds without WAP..
wet ass particles;(
Ice is able to float because of hydrogen bonds and intermolecular forces in the polar configuration of the H2O molecular arrangement, not unknown reasons. When water transitions to a solid the arrangement of hydrogen atoms, along with lower amounts of kinetic energy opposing hydrogen bonds, are able to form and stay in configuration that is about 9% less dense than that of the liquid state. Basically the hydrogen atoms are free to align, push on each other, and stay in the right configuration where their intermolecular distance increases.
Everyone's drinkin it...... oh wait... that's Kool-aid.
That’s actually very funny 👍🏻
Don't drink water, fish piss in it.
@@scottd9448 washing in just water does not work well, fish are still slimy and stinky in it.
Thankfully, not everyone.
I'm pretty sure solid bismuth floats on liquid bismuth.
Gallium too, I think.
which is even weirder, how do they do that?
Thanks to this channel I am learning something new every time.
Thank you.
Fun fact: There are one sextillion, six hundred and seventy quintillion water molecules in a drop of water. In the entire earth, there are fifty quattuordecillion water molecules.
error %? lol
Are you talking about the big drop or the small drop. If you're talking about the small drop then your right. The big drop has half a sextillion more.
@myname ismyname No, you don't.
You can tell the difference between hot and cold water when it is poured into a cup just by listening
Someday they'll invent a machine that measures temperature
Yeah, hot water guggles with a higher frequency (or range of frequencies), I think.
@@AncientTruthSeeker I did it with my STEAM students a couple of years ago. They thought it was pretty cool
I just made a comment about this. I have wondered why is there a difference, now I might have an explanation to that.
The shower when I turn on the hot water of course the first few seconds the water is cold but when the hot water comes out it sounds different I often wondered why?
Fascinating as usual. I cannot get enough of this channel, and so many videos have been created, it's probably going to take me years of constant viewing before I start watching reruns. Talking about the different properties of water 4 billion years ago when it was much warmer, I wonder if this warmer water was more conducive to life than if the water had been cooler. Life might have started much earlier if the water was cooler? Cheers
"Yeah well even water's atoms have an incredible bond, DAD"
this is just putting a divider between 'hot water' and 'cold water', where it's more easily explained as a spectrum
It depends on whether there is a gradual change for these properties or a sudden change. If it is sudden, then the existence of a second liquid state is a possibility.
@@Xr-pd2oi the graphs in the paper could be explained as a smooth curve instead of a sudden change in slope
Gradual change in all these things should be happening so without specifically addressing that I am going to say this guy doesn’t know what a state is...
@@Xr-pd2oi look up Exclusion Zone Water, some vids about it on TH-cam, Gerald H. Pollack is one researcher. It forms along boundaries in thin layers and has a hexagonal sheet structure with H3o molecular chains, a gell consistency and negative charge!
This does explain why when using a salt solution for etching that hot water works so much better. This video is amazing, thank you.
Recently? I used to teach about this in high school chemistry fifty years ago. Young professors who are faced with publish or perish rules are publishing absolute junk.
So the quality of education IS going down? I thought it was... I was able to complete a workbook that was meant to be stretched out over a 6-month semester in only a week, if that xD I ended up spending the rest of my time in that English class writing a book 😂
@Ser Saint Q of House Whocares yeah. Not seeing what is surprising about this.
"The science is settled"
Ahhaaahaahaahaha! Never so unphilosophic a phrase has been uttered.
In reality only about a third of science is actually settled.
"I trust the science" = "I don't know the first thing about science"
@@sciencetroll6304 science shown to the public has not yet dare wander into the metaphysical
The 17th century Big Black Book Of Science was complete and perfect when it was published, so it's still good enough for me. ( not )
Woo, man that is amazing, you are the number 1 science news channel, thanks!
Error in 1:04 - there are other substances with a density anomaly.
Exactly.
yes, and they are just elements so no angles like in water. well, as far as I know anyways.
@@fukpoeslaw3613 plus water is no element in the periodic table of elements. Maybe on an esoteric one, but not the one arranged by Mendelejew or Meyer.
@@39XenonD ikr
@@fukpoeslaw3613 Si.
OK, and when we say"changes" in refractivity (or electrical conductivity,...), how much it is changing, I ask? It has to be really subtle.
People who make candy and foods, or boilers or cast metals or make sensors must have data on this subject. We don't get through an industrial revolution without knowing water is doing weird stuff in a temperature range.
If you watch a big pot of water heat up you can see the "heat shimmers" at the temperature difference just like the air over a fire.
Yes it is often too subtle for the average camera to pick up, but the eye can see the rainbow on oil or in metal being heated up.
Your videos are full of great information, good job
I've learned in the past that the sensation of burning triggers around 65C and this is true for humans and most mammals and reptiles. I think this explains why.
And bacterias also dies at 65C
That is completely irrelevant for this.
@@AfonsoCL The human body and the body of just about all mammals is made of 60% water so a change in the properties of water can have serious consequences of your body. It so happens these critical changes occur at exactly the same temperatures mentioned in this video.
@@francoisleveille409 Exactly? No, they don't. The mechanisms for pain activation have nothing to do with the temperature of water.
@@AfonsoCL We just discovered that water changes properties between 40 and 64 C but you already know the consequences for biology ? ... including the effects on the nervous system... amazing!
I don't believe it...
Every time I see that chart of forms of Ice, I get a little panic attack seeing Ice IX.
Oh, I can suggest and antidote to Vonnegut's "disease" - read James Blish, there is some talk about ice states there in less "threatening" story.