How Can Matter Be BOTH Liquid AND Gas?

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  • เผยแพร่เมื่อ 3 ม.ค. 2025

ความคิดเห็น • 1.2K

  • @pbsspacetime
    @pbsspacetime  2 ปีที่แล้ว +442

    For those who skip the comments: there will be an end of year AMA on the channel on Monday, December 19th @ 4pm EST. We hope to see you there!

    • @thryce82
      @thryce82 2 ปีที่แล้ว

      drunken barfight while defending your sister's honor???

    • @TheMemesofDestruction
      @TheMemesofDestruction 2 ปีที่แล้ว +3

      Danke! ^.^

    • @ZoranRavic
      @ZoranRavic 2 ปีที่แล้ว +4

      People who skip comments are probably the same people who don't watch the post credits scene in marvel movies

    • @celivalg
      @celivalg 2 ปีที่แล้ว

      you know, this is the one time I didn't skip them

    • @celivalg
      @celivalg 2 ปีที่แล้ว +2

      ​@@ZoranRavic actually I tried watching those but fell on 2 videos back to back where they weren't interesting, watched those now and I think I missed a lot of very interesting ones

  • @borttorbbq2556
    @borttorbbq2556 2 ปีที่แล้ว +1460

    I'm really happy that he was willing to let you guys use his visuals because understanding it when actually seeing it happen is really interesting. His video was excellent and I loved how he actually went through the process multiple different times to try and go with which was really cool

    • @codymoore2886
      @codymoore2886 2 ปีที่แล้ว +49

      Yeah, Nile does some cool stuff. I got interested in his videos when his video on turning disposable plastic gloves into hot sauce popped up in my suggested feed.

    • @nugboy420
      @nugboy420 2 ปีที่แล้ว +8

      @@codymoore2886I thought that was who “he” was

    • @nugget0428
      @nugget0428 2 ปีที่แล้ว +28

      When this video started talking about supercritical fluids I had Nigels video in mind hahaha

    • @Si-Al-Ti
      @Si-Al-Ti 2 ปีที่แล้ว +8

      Cody’s lab also made a nice vid on supercritical co2, showing the weirdness of it’s behavior even more, I think.

    • @IuliusPsicofactum
      @IuliusPsicofactum 2 ปีที่แล้ว +14

      Nil is the greatest. I am also always afraid for his physical health after each experiment 🙈

  • @Ryan6.022
    @Ryan6.022 2 ปีที่แล้ว +688

    Worth mentioning while nilered shot that footage the device was provided by Ben over at applied science. He has an amazing TH-cam channel where he discusses and explores all sorts of technical things. He built his own scanning electron microscope and made a liquid nitrogen generator.

    • @WestOfEarth
      @WestOfEarth 2 ปีที่แล้ว +53

      Ben is on an entirely different level than most humans, lol. What he's able to accomplish in his garage is astounding.

    • @vellexander4422
      @vellexander4422 2 ปีที่แล้ว +8

      Came here to say exactly this - Ben's channel is amazing and I still reference his magnets video in my projects

    • @reidflemingworldstoughestm1394
      @reidflemingworldstoughestm1394 2 ปีที่แล้ว +3

      I can't imagine how hard it would be to design an engine that ran on liquid N2.
      Ba dump tchss

    • @dynogunbattle
      @dynogunbattle 2 ปีที่แล้ว +5

      @@reidflemingworldstoughestm1394 I bet you could get a Stirling engine to run on liquid nitrogen. Not to use as fuel, but to run on the temp difference between liquid no2 and ambient.

    • @Urgleflogue
      @Urgleflogue 2 ปีที่แล้ว +6

      I am seeing an increased cooperation between smart and famous youtubers, and I think that's great. 40+ years after it's conception the Internet finally starts to deliver fruits for us - regular, non-smart-but-curious folks. Now I can die happy.

  • @concrete_dog
    @concrete_dog 2 ปีที่แล้ว +486

    This really feels like an "It's not a bug, it's a feature" component of our universe

    • @gametalk3149
      @gametalk3149 2 ปีที่แล้ว +4

      Yep

    • @berthulf
      @berthulf 2 ปีที่แล้ว +34

      I mean, technically and as far as we know, everything functions as intended and the only bugs we know of in our universe are the ones that crawl around on our planet...

    • @brianlink391
      @brianlink391 ปีที่แล้ว +5

      LOL! Yeah, the universe surely has its own quirky way of saying, 'Trust me, I meant to do that.' Pretty wild, isn't it? Cool perspective!

  • @NiffirgkcaJ
    @NiffirgkcaJ 2 ปีที่แล้ว +315

    I really love it when scientific channels collaborate and let each other borrow each other's visuals to explain things much more easier.

  • @TheDaggwood
    @TheDaggwood 2 ปีที่แล้ว +255

    For those curious on triple points, a very tangible example is found in geology. The crystals andalusite, sillimanite, and kyanite are made of the same material. But the pressure and temperature experienced when cooling determines what crystal precipitates. A single chunk of rock can naturally have all 3 types forming alongside each other. It's beautiful.

    • @MushookieMan
      @MushookieMan 2 ปีที่แล้ว +15

      And material phase diagrams also explain why some stainless steels are non-ferromagnetic despite containing iron. The material phase austenite is the culprit.

    • @maudglazbrooke1287
      @maudglazbrooke1287 2 ปีที่แล้ว +2

      oh! Huh. I know two out of the three of those, sillimanite being the oddball....

    • @christopherleubner6633
      @christopherleubner6633 2 ปีที่แล้ว +5

      Yup a lot of gemstones especially emerald are originating from supercritical water. In fact it usually has a bizarre inclusion as a result. A crystal of magnetite, a bit of water, and a bubble of gas 🤓

    • @pyropulseIXXI
      @pyropulseIXXI 2 ปีที่แล้ว +1

      That isn't a triple point. A triple point is the state in which you can move to any other state, solid, liquid, or gas, directly from that 'triple point. Or are you trying to say that this rock is in a gas, liquid, and solid state?

    • @TheDaggwood
      @TheDaggwood 2 ปีที่แล้ว +5

      ​@@pyropulseIXXI My example is a triple point in geologic terms, which is different from a thermodynamic triple point. A thermodynamic triple point pertains to 3 phases of matter existing at a single juncture, while a geologic triple point pertains to 3 different crystalline structures at a single juncture. Yes you are correct in that this video is the "classic" true definition of a triple point, I'm just providing another way of looking at it. A triple point in geology is also a point in which 3 tectonic plates intersect, but I'll leave that out to avoid further complication.
      They are called triple points because both scenarios involve a substance being 3 different unique phases/materials at equilibrium. Both are rare to find in nature!

  • @CaptainCuttlefish74
    @CaptainCuttlefish74 2 ปีที่แล้ว +456

    I knew about supercritical fluids, but I never realized how important they are. It's honestly kind of wild that so many mundane things rely on such a weird state of matter.

    • @MrEiht
      @MrEiht 2 ปีที่แล้ว +3

      ? A squid that is doof AND Dr.? THAT is weird to me.

    • @unperrier
      @unperrier 2 ปีที่แล้ว

      For me they're most important in trivia games :)

    • @MrEiht
      @MrEiht 2 ปีที่แล้ว

      @@unperrier or if I want to scare off my wife when she demands sexy times...with ME!

    • @jonesyjones5408
      @jonesyjones5408 2 ปีที่แล้ว +15

      They aren’t just important…………..
      they’re……………………..
      critical

    • @noiJadisCailleach
      @noiJadisCailleach 2 ปีที่แล้ว +11

      @@jonesyjones5408 They're not just critical, they're -----------------------------------
      Supercritical.

  • @WestOfEarth
    @WestOfEarth 2 ปีที่แล้ว +131

    Was hoping you'd mention Venus. This fact isn't widely shared, and to me it's one of the most fascinating aspects of Venus.

    • @jasonwilson7094
      @jasonwilson7094 2 ปีที่แล้ว +1

      If you could make aerogel that would float on the superfluid then all you need is a satellite that floats on the super fluid that can build aerogel the whole planet are the right lab conditions to do it. It’s kind of a no-brainer.

    • @TlalocTemporal
      @TlalocTemporal 2 ปีที่แล้ว +19

      @@jasonwilson7094 -- That's just a dirigible in a fancy atmosphere. Venusian weather balloons are still a great idea, but you don't need superfluid to do a floating lab.

    • @PMA65537
      @PMA65537 2 ปีที่แล้ว

      @@mikefuller9073 He was just annoyed at the effect of sulphuric acid on his dry cleaning.

    • @dalemosdeliverers9050
      @dalemosdeliverers9050 2 ปีที่แล้ว +3

      So if you fired your thrusters when landing on Venus Falcon 9 style, would you still end up with a very clean-looking spacecraft (with all the soot washed off)?

    • @zimriel
      @zimriel 2 ปีที่แล้ว +4

      @@dalemosdeliverers9050 and all your flesh washed off. didn't we just read about the sulfuric-acid clouds?

  • @NATESOR
    @NATESOR 2 ปีที่แล้ว +26

    Dry cleaner here. Many of us are still using a chemical called Perc (Perchloroethylene) to dry clean. It's extremely non-polar so it is great for addressing oil stains. Under ideal conditions, basically all of it is distilled off and reused. If anyone is worried about it sticking to clothes, they should know that it evaporates very readily and by the time you put it on it will be totally gone.

  • @vanderkarl3927
    @vanderkarl3927 2 ปีที่แล้ว +63

    Yoooo happy to see NileRed's footage (with permission) in this video! It really is a great demonstration, he made some great videos on supercritical fluids.

    • @mfaizsyahmi
      @mfaizsyahmi 2 ปีที่แล้ว +2

      I'm watching this literally after watching another video where Nigel blow up an inflatable doll on a rooftop in Tokyo. So weird.

  • @ElliottCallum
    @ElliottCallum 2 ปีที่แล้ว +40

    Great vid - I’m a chemical engineer currently working on a carbon capture plant. We’re having issues with reverse flow relief scenarios with supercritical CO2 depressurising and causing dry ice to form in the relief valves due to JT cooling. Great relevant video for me.

    • @Sin526
      @Sin526 2 ปีที่แล้ว +4

      What a fascinating problem to be working.

    • @Basement-Science
      @Basement-Science 2 ปีที่แล้ว +2

      Too bad carbon capture is completely pointless right now though.

    • @joaovfm
      @joaovfm 2 ปีที่แล้ว +2

      As a Chemical Engineer I wish I could work such interesting problems

    • @ElliottCallum
      @ElliottCallum 2 ปีที่แล้ว +3

      @@joaovfm it is a great project, most interesting I’ve been on since graduating in 2017. Great to be on energy transition projects.

  • @RME76048
    @RME76048 2 ปีที่แล้ว +21

    This has to be the most lucid and interesting depiction of supercritical fluids that I have ever seen. It takes you far, far away from simple phase diagrams and brings the viewer to a quick 'a-ha!' understanding. Thanks, Matt!

  • @BaronVonQuiply
    @BaronVonQuiply 2 ปีที่แล้ว +6

    20:35 Can confirm. I have several strobe lights flickering in each eye 24/7. Been like that since around 1996. It never stops.
    It also causes enlarged blind spots, which is a little weird because the brain fills in the missing area so things aren't hidden behind a wall of black, they're just deleted. eg, I walked into a step ladder one night because I couldn't see it, I ran my hand into a table saw because my hand was in a blind spot and I could not see it despite looking directly at the blade.

  • @sebastianelytron8450
    @sebastianelytron8450 2 ปีที่แล้ว +351

    If there's one bad thing I can say about this video, it's that it ends.
    But that would be supercritical.

    • @INGIE32
      @INGIE32 2 ปีที่แล้ว +8

      lol

    • @JorgetePanete
      @JorgetePanete 2 ปีที่แล้ว +8

      Keep it cool ❄️

    • @Numba003
      @Numba003 2 ปีที่แล้ว +2

      This was excellent. Thank you. Merry Christmas! ✝️🎄

    • @debrachambers1304
      @debrachambers1304 2 ปีที่แล้ว +2

      OOOOOOOOHHHHHHH!!!

    • @atk05003
      @atk05003 2 ปีที่แล้ว +7

      If the many-worlds interpretation is correct, then there is a universe where Matt is still listing states of matter.😁

  • @SonnyBubba
    @SonnyBubba 2 ปีที่แล้ว +16

    I learned more about supercritical fluids in this TH-cam video than I did in the year I attempted a physics masters thesis on the stuff.
    The major professor had tried to record fluid flow patterns of a supercritical fluid, but his experimental setup left much to be desired.
    The heater was an old fashioned lightbulb, controlled by a laptop and a thermocouple.
    But instead of putting the bulb in a socket, he had me use a soldering iron to weld the wires to the bulb (?!) (yes, this is a physics experiment).
    I ended up doing a non-thesis masters.

    • @Gr3nadgr3gory
      @Gr3nadgr3gory 2 ปีที่แล้ว +4

      Your professor needs to take an engineering class or two.

    • @randomnobody660
      @randomnobody660 2 ปีที่แล้ว +2

      @@Gr3nadgr3gory Just like how misunderstandings of physics are badges of honor for mathematicians, surely ignorance of engineering principles is a compliment for physicists?

    • @brianlink391
      @brianlink391 ปีที่แล้ว +1

      LOL! Sounds like your major professor was auditioning for a spot on 'MacGyver: Physics Edition'. Soldering wires to a bulb for a supercritical fluid experiment? Talk about innovative (or, you know, bonkers)! It's no wonder you learned more from TH-cam than in that lab. I'd be left scratching my head too. Sometimes reality is stranger than fiction!

  • @zovisapphire
    @zovisapphire 2 ปีที่แล้ว +10

    I was JUST about to suggest you look up NileRed on this exact subject, but I didn't expect you guess literally use them in the video!
    I am glad you consider Nile as a source you can trust and add to your videos. I would love to see an official PBS Space x NileRed crossover episode in the future c:

  • @jamesbarber5410
    @jamesbarber5410 2 ปีที่แล้ว +10

    Super critical water gives us vulcanism and we didn’t realize this until very recently as far as science goes. I’m surprised that you gave that aspect of it so little screen time. The reason I mention this is because it’s the reason we get deposits of ore that we ultimately dig up to make the tools we use to explore our corner of Spacetime!

  • @MnJiman
    @MnJiman ปีที่แล้ว +2

    "Ok, thats enough blah blah pressure blah blah.."
    That made me too happy.

  • @deathsyth8888
    @deathsyth8888 2 ปีที่แล้ว +64

    Scientist: So are you a liquid or a gas?
    Supercritical fluid: Yes.

    • @oracleofdelphi4533
      @oracleofdelphi4533 2 ปีที่แล้ว +13

      Seems like I get something similar after a bad meal.
      Not sure if it's liquid or gas, but definitely supercritical.

    • @suomeaboo
      @suomeaboo 2 ปีที่แล้ว +3

      Well yes, but actually no.

    • @Flesh_Wizard
      @Flesh_Wizard 2 ปีที่แล้ว +5

      A liqass

    • @user-db4lk7yg3o
      @user-db4lk7yg3o ปีที่แล้ว

      shut up

    • @nameless......................
      @nameless...................... 10 หลายเดือนก่อน

      thing: do you exist?
      supercritically existant objects: yesn't
      thing: mofuckas always speakin ITALICS

  • @bigyeticane
    @bigyeticane 2 ปีที่แล้ว +14

    Thanks everyone at Space Time and helpers! Thanks to Dr. Matt for his charisma. I learn a lot from you guys.

  • @valoisa
    @valoisa 2 ปีที่แล้ว +5

    This channel has been one of the most inspirational things in my life and I want to thank Matt for it. Thank you. I wasn't too good at physics when I was doing my engineer studies after high school but all this is very approachable and interesting and I really love this channel.

  • @jonathankunjummen9901
    @jonathankunjummen9901 2 ปีที่แล้ว +12

    What a fascinating and unique episode!

  • @KeithCooper-Albuquerque
    @KeithCooper-Albuquerque 2 ปีที่แล้ว +5

    Thanks Matt and team for another great video!

  • @lisajsch1338
    @lisajsch1338 2 ปีที่แล้ว +1

    Thanks for the featuring! And big shout-out to my current and former colleagues of IceCube who put so much work into producing these newest IceCube results. (More work than I put into this paper, actually, so they should be featured here!)

  • @asmithgames5926
    @asmithgames5926 2 ปีที่แล้ว +8

    One time I was explaining the Triple Point to my parents - matter being a solid, a liquid, and a gas, all at the same time. To which, my step mom replies, "Is that like when you use the bathroom? It's a solid, a liquid, and a gas." The three of us couldn't stop laughing for the next 30 minutes. 😂😂

  • @JohnAlbertRigali
    @JohnAlbertRigali 2 ปีที่แล้ว +1

    I’d been fascinated by the supercritical fluid phase ever since I learned of it. I’d been hoping for a good and visually aided discourse of it, and this is it. Thank you and Nigel!

  • @Numba003
    @Numba003 2 ปีที่แล้ว +25

    I suppose I hadn't ever really thought about how decaf coffee is made. This was fascinating! I didn't realize the lower reaches of the Venusian atmosphere were supercritical fluid. Thank you for this!
    Merry Christmas out there everybody! ✝️🎄

  • @The_Viscount
    @The_Viscount 2 ปีที่แล้ว +1

    Amateur Naval Historian here:
    This video is great. I've always wondered about the difference between standard steam and supercritical steam. Prior to the invention of reliable diesel nuclear reactors, the largest ships used oil fired boilers. Spray oil into a firebox and ignite it to biol water moving through tubes. These boilers turn water to vapor steam and, due to thermal expansion, the steam increases in pressure and can be used to run steam pistons or turbines. Basically, it's an oil power plant or steam train being used to run a ship.
    Nuclear reactors run much hotter. The reactor is hot enough to increase the temperature and pressure enough to make the steam supercritical. If supercritical steam is incompressible, then you don't lose as much energy throwing it through the steam turbines. I think. Maybe. Maybe Matt can confirm or debunk? But that's my conjecture based off this.

  • @NavarroRefugee
    @NavarroRefugee 2 ปีที่แล้ว +10

    I would love to have you as an astrophysicist on call at the hospital. I want to be able to call an astrophysics consult and get yelled at for not having the patient's neutrino exposure history ready in advance. It'd probably be faster than getting an ophthalmology consult booked for visual flashes too.

  • @zharul8716
    @zharul8716 2 ปีที่แล้ว +2

    Another add up about Super Critical Fluid in my feed thanks to PBS Spacetime and Scienceclic. Very awesome.

  • @claytonharting9899
    @claytonharting9899 2 ปีที่แล้ว +5

    I’m so glad you guys made this video! I’ve been hearing a lot about supercritical fluids lately and I’ve never really understood… what they are. I can list facts about them, why we use them when we do, etc, but I never really understood what they actually are

  • @Pteromandias
    @Pteromandias 2 ปีที่แล้ว +1

    This is too cool. When you were talking about it being hard to visualize the supercritical liquid phase, I had an immediate recall of that NileRed video. Then you play it on here! I like the sort of convergence where my favorite non-intersecting TH-cam channels suddenly cross streams.

  • @rubensandstrom6824
    @rubensandstrom6824 2 ปีที่แล้ว +4

    At final someone who explained supercritical fluids in plain English unlike the professor in my HVAC class

  • @casual_sky2
    @casual_sky2 2 ปีที่แล้ว

    Hey! That was me! Thank you so much for the super detailed response! You guys are the best!

  • @whereami8224
    @whereami8224 2 ปีที่แล้ว +9

    @Applied Science also has a series of videos on supercritical CO2. He was probably the first TH-camr to make it in a transparent chamber. And he decaffeinated his own coffee beans. Shockingly, that was 11 years ago.

  • @omarlasheen5218
    @omarlasheen5218 2 ปีที่แล้ว

    The pacing and sequencing of his explanation excites me dude. Like he said “I’m gonna show you” (3:38) and I’m audibly saying “SHOW ME.”

  • @patrickmchargue7122
    @patrickmchargue7122 2 ปีที่แล้ว +4

    Thank you for a very clear explanation. (and to the other contributor you referenced)

  • @JackHalfTheMan
    @JackHalfTheMan ปีที่แล้ว

    I first learned about Supercritical Fluids on NileRed's channel. Loved seeing you use his footage and shout him out while discussing this!!

  • @atarahashirazi1941
    @atarahashirazi1941 2 ปีที่แล้ว +7

    For anyone who needs to see this if you stayed for the last comments in the video: this is especially true for nearsighted folks with extra strong prescriptions. The more flashes and floaters that you see (they aren't bacteria), if the number goes up a lot, get to the ophthalmologist. If you have a retinal tear, you might see a black 'sheet' fall across your vision or something like that. Again, get help immediately if you want to keep your eyesight. I had a scare once with an aural migrane where I could not see for the first time. It was terrifying, but fortunately temporary. I thought my retina tore because a doctor had warned me that with my prescription that could happen to me. Also, I'm not a doctor. FYI.

  • @matthewlawrence2395
    @matthewlawrence2395 2 ปีที่แล้ว

    All the information all the time. Thank you PBS for helping on my path of growth.

  • @treyschisler
    @treyschisler 2 ปีที่แล้ว +12

    I love how AppliedScience's project keeps popping up on my favorite creator's videos. Giving it to Nile was a really kind and smart move for everyone!

    • @Basement-Science
      @Basement-Science 2 ปีที่แล้ว +1

      Yeah I bet a ton of teachers will have used that footage in lectures as well. It's an awesome demonstration.

  • @CyrilleParis
    @CyrilleParis 2 ปีที่แล้ว +1

    This is so refreshing to hear you speak about classical physics at the edge of our knowledge (or our understanding as laymen) rather than almost speculative knowledge at he edge of our fondamental non clasical knowledge (even if I love that too!). Continue spicing your more extreme things about space time (which are great!), with sometimes (just sometimes) a detour to more classical physical mysteries : the three bodies problem, the Navier-Stoke equations, chaos theory, matterial physics on the macroscopic scale (properties of solids : physical, electrical, chemical, magnetic, etc.).
    Don't lose the space-time trend : just spice it with videos like that which are very educational and interesting when you present them this way, with your talent.
    Go on doing it in your own very subtle way, your serialized way, to fascinate the non geeks who are afraid of equations and the very geeks who want highly complex physics without them. I think I'm a fan because I'm a bit of both.
    Thank you!

  • @HansStrijker
    @HansStrijker 2 ปีที่แล้ว +3

    It's all fun and games when co2 and water go supercritical, but when plutonium does it, suddenly everyone's immediately offended and turning their backs to it...

  • @AmikLanfranco
    @AmikLanfranco 2 ปีที่แล้ว +1

    I remember learning about this topic in my organic chemistry lectures many years ago; and back then I found it very difficult to visualise these different phases. Thanks to your video, I can finally understand what I was trying so hard to understand back then.

  • @ritamdutta5860
    @ritamdutta5860 2 ปีที่แล้ว +63

    Last time I was this early, En Passant wasn't forced!

    • @DebuggerKnight
      @DebuggerKnight 2 ปีที่แล้ว +13

      spotted the anarchychess member

    • @ashetonrodgers9220
      @ashetonrodgers9220 2 ปีที่แล้ว +8

      Last time I was this early..... she left me 🫤

    • @m3rify
      @m3rify 2 ปีที่แล้ว +2

      same

    • @ReptilianLepton
      @ReptilianLepton 2 ปีที่แล้ว +5

      First of all, that's a ridiculous forced meme, and second of all, 1. e4

    • @utube7930
      @utube7930 2 ปีที่แล้ว +6

      2.Ke2

  • @afefasfe
    @afefasfe 2 ปีที่แล้ว

    Best intuitive explanation about supercritical fluids so far at least to me.

  • @ENDESGA
    @ENDESGA 2 ปีที่แล้ว +14

    IT’S SPACE TIME

  • @therichieboy
    @therichieboy 2 ปีที่แล้ว +2

    I *knew* Nile Red would come into this! Really amazing video.

  • @timebeforespace
    @timebeforespace 2 ปีที่แล้ว +7

    This is so cool! The actual footage of the CO2 really helped understand the phenomenon.

  • @dcbaars
    @dcbaars ปีที่แล้ว

    His videos really remind me of my physics teacher on school. He also could explain the most difficult concept with a beautiful example or experiment. He sparked my interest for physics, chemistry and astro physics

  • @mrwinemaker
    @mrwinemaker 2 ปีที่แล้ว +3

    Supercritical CO2 is also used for removing the possibility of cork taint in wine. If you treat the corks with it, the Tri-chloroanisol that causes cork taint gets dissolved and killed. Useful stuff

  • @claireplume11
    @claireplume11 2 ปีที่แล้ว

    Thank you for this video, it confirmed a lot of intuitions I had about this subject. It’s not always easy to find answers to your questions when you don’t have enough knowledge to formulate those questions adequately.

  • @nemethdaniel6384
    @nemethdaniel6384 2 ปีที่แล้ว +3

    This was actually nice! Phase transitions are quite interesting. There is for example some sub-phases inside liquid, where viscosity or surface tension changes at some temperature/pressure.
    But now that we looked at the phases on the "right side" of the Einstein equations, maybe the next video could be about phases on the other side! (phases of geometry/ gravity)

  • @davidgrisez
    @davidgrisez 2 ปีที่แล้ว

    Before I retired I worked in generating stations that had boilers and turbine generator units. One generating station I worked at had two boilers that operated at 1800psi pressure and 1000 degree Fahrenheit temperature. And one unit at this station operated at a supercritical pressure of 3550psi and temperature of 1000 degrees Fahrenheit. So this generating station was another area where a supercritical fluid was used to generate electricity.

  • @Mike23443
    @Mike23443 2 ปีที่แล้ว +10

    I learned about this from Science Clique first. Their video was pretty well done, as is every one of their videos. They're able to explain like I'm 5 things I never knew could be explained that simply. PBS does a great job but a lot of the equation physics stuff goes over my head.

    • @TlalocTemporal
      @TlalocTemporal 2 ปีที่แล้ว +1

      That's great! I like the smattering of more complex ideas, most other science communicators gloss over the details entirely.

    • @Mike23443
      @Mike23443 2 ปีที่แล้ว +1

      @@TlalocTemporal wow, you're so smart and cool! ☝️🤓

  • @jaggonjaggon7695
    @jaggonjaggon7695 2 ปีที่แล้ว

    Awesome to see some of my favorite TH-cam channels working together!

  • @fn0rd-f5o
    @fn0rd-f5o 2 ปีที่แล้ว +3

    Oh nice, I remember learning about this in my first Chemistry class in College. Sadly, college I never got to do or complete. Had I done things right maybe i'd have a PhD too, instead only GED. :\ I love that state diagram @1:56 the way it's graphical instead of just lines really makes it pop. :)

  • @Kj16V
    @Kj16V 2 ปีที่แล้ว +1

    Q: How can matter be both liquid and gas?
    A: When an unfortunate person sharts

  • @brucepreston3927
    @brucepreston3927 2 ปีที่แล้ว +12

    If you had an appropriate suit could you actually swim in a supercritical fluid? I wonder what that would feel like...I'm guessing probably not but it would be awesome if you could!

    • @garethdean6382
      @garethdean6382 2 ปีที่แล้ว +8

      It would tend to be more like a submarine than a suit, but you could be buoyant in some fluids. Swimming would be an issue since such fluids aren't very viscous, it'd be a bit like trying to swim through air. A fan would be a more useful way to get about.

    • @Anonymous-df8it
      @Anonymous-df8it 2 ปีที่แล้ว +1

      @@garethdean6382 So it's like floating on air?

    • @HearMeLearn
      @HearMeLearn 4 หลายเดือนก่อน +1

      @@Anonymous-df8itim no scientist but my guess is that's its basically like just walking through thicker air. It has more properties of air than liquid, but it has the density of liquid so it would feel heavier. I wonder what trying to breathe super critical oxygen would feel like

  • @goreobsessed2308
    @goreobsessed2308 2 ปีที่แล้ว +1

    Ah I've seen that Nile video nice I'm so glad yall used it

  • @oliviasvahn4090
    @oliviasvahn4090 2 ปีที่แล้ว +48

    How about when water gets compressed in exotic types of ice? I’ve read about ice x and xii being in the extreme parts of that same phase chart. That would be another interesting topic to cover! Love your videos ❤ I always learn a lot from them! Thanks 😘

    • @Relkond
      @Relkond 2 ปีที่แล้ว +8

      That _might_ lean into allotropes, which would be interesting by itself if it hasn’t already been detailed…

    • @cyrilio
      @cyrilio 2 ปีที่แล้ว

      Second this. Perhaps also ice states of ammonia and other ices?

    • @PandemoniumMeltDown
      @PandemoniumMeltDown 2 ปีที่แล้ว

      All this made me test the enthalpy of ice in a martini skaker... not all that exotic but... oh so yummy. Super critical to use right proportions 🥸

    • @cezarcatalin1406
      @cezarcatalin1406 2 ปีที่แล้ว +1

      If we keep increasing the pressure in a supercritical liquid... do we get a supercritical solid ?

    • @johnnamkeh1290
      @johnnamkeh1290 2 ปีที่แล้ว

      @@cezarcatalin1406 Different physics, high pressure for solids leads to stripping of electrons (and eventually fusion), though if you get to iron that also stops happening.

  • @enstine86
    @enstine86 2 ปีที่แล้ว +1

    Omg my two favorite channels just collaborated that was pretty cool. While watching the video I was wondering if he’d mention Nilered

  • @catchphase
    @catchphase 2 ปีที่แล้ว +4

    So happy that you guys collaborated with NileRed, I love both of your videos

  • @meikamo
    @meikamo 2 ปีที่แล้ว

    So great to see two of my favorite YT channels collide like this

  • @eeveebrosstudios
    @eeveebrosstudios 2 ปีที่แล้ว +10

    Sooooo… could particles that are usually considered metallic stay as such in the supercritical fluid phase, like say mercury, iron, lithium, copper just to name a few, and how would their properties typically associated with metals change, would they still be electively conductive, could they still be magnetically attracted in some manner?

    • @kylejf2108
      @kylejf2108 2 ปีที่แล้ว +2

      Nice.

    • @ericdiederik3732
      @ericdiederik3732 2 ปีที่แล้ว +3

      Interestingly, metals exhibit what is considered to be in plain terms 'metallic' behavior' exactly because the the properties they have when solid. The nuclei of metals can easily part with one or more of their outer electrons which allows them a degree of freedom in a crystal lattice. This is what makes solid metals conduct electricity. To answer your question: Metals techinically do not conduct electricity in both critical and non-critical gas forms. They are however readily ionized allowing a current to flow through a path of plasma, in what is called an arc discharge.

    • @michaelsommers2356
      @michaelsommers2356 2 ปีที่แล้ว

      Remember that everything heavier than helium is a metal.

    • @eeveebrosstudios
      @eeveebrosstudios 2 ปีที่แล้ว +2

      @@michaelsommers2356 so carbon, oxygen, and fluoride are metals despite not having the typical qualities of what is considered a metal?

    • @eeveebrosstudios
      @eeveebrosstudios 2 ปีที่แล้ว +1

      @@ericdiederik3732 ok, so most typical metals at room temperature and atmospheric pressure, when undergoing super-criticality, behave closer to gases than they do as liquids or solids? That’s what I thought, but I could never find any research, resources, or references to check if that idea was the case or if something else was going on. I knew that the comparatively higher density solids combined with the fact that most of the metallic elements easily loss or give away electrons was the main reason that they could conduct electricity (very over simplified, but you get the point) and I was wondering if the density would be high enough for supercritical fluid “metals” to conduct electricity in a similar fashion to solid or liquid metals. Thanks for the comment, I’m going to continue to search for information on this very subject

  • @tahseen.q
    @tahseen.q ปีที่แล้ว

    As a chemical engineering student, this was a super awesome video. Really cleared up some of my basic conceptions. Loved it!

  • @Tigtone_85
    @Tigtone_85 2 ปีที่แล้ว +39

    Saw a vid years back from NileRed where he went into this stuff while trying to create aerogel. He had a pressure chamber where he was making liquid co2 go supercritical during a part of the process was pretty interesting.
    Edit: comment was made after I paused this vid 2min in 😂

    • @thekronianserpent6523
      @thekronianserpent6523 2 ปีที่แล้ว +3

      All fun and games until you find out they covered some of that in this video.

    • @evilotis01
      @evilotis01 2 ปีที่แล้ว +1

      ha i came to say the same thing until i saw yr comment :)

    • @Tigtone_85
      @Tigtone_85 2 ปีที่แล้ว +4

      @@thekronianserpent6523 Lol didn't see a NileRed shoutout coming I admit. Def waiting till the end from now on and check out Nigels channel if yall haven't already. Dude does tons of crazy chemistry experiments.

    • @nickkorkodylas5005
      @nickkorkodylas5005 2 ปีที่แล้ว +1

      Nile green is objectively superior.

    • @evilotis01
      @evilotis01 2 ปีที่แล้ว +2

      @@nickkorkodylas5005 this is true

  • @24-7gpts
    @24-7gpts 10 หลายเดือนก่อน

    0:00: Introduction to Exotic States of Matter
    0:43: Understanding States of Matter
    1:42: Exploring the Phase Diagram
    3:00: Discovering Supercritical Fluids
    6:00: Experimenting with Supercritical Fluids
    10:01: Applications of Supercritical Fluids
    12:52: Natural Occurrences of Supercritical Fluids
    15:05: Sponsor Segment: Speakly
    16:04: Upcoming AMA and Holiday Break Announcement

  • @KomradZX1989
    @KomradZX1989 2 ปีที่แล้ว +3

    I was born in 1989 and have always loved science. Grew up watching Bill Nye and every physics based show Nat Geo or Discovery Science channel could throw at me. In my entire life no one has taught me more or helped me understand physics and our universe more than Matt Parker. His dedication to teaching and explaining physics is truly an inspiration to me and will always bring me back, eager to learn more new things. Thank you for all the great work you do!!!

    • @zimriel
      @zimriel 2 ปีที่แล้ว +1

      "always loved science. Grew up watching Bill Nye..."
      Ugh. The sex junk guy.

  • @shaider1982
    @shaider1982 2 ปีที่แล้ว

    It's a breather when Matt disucsses topics inside the relatively simer classical physics that's used in engineering. Helps the mind relax before we delve more into modern physics.

  • @msytdc1577
    @msytdc1577 2 ปีที่แล้ว +3

    Matt's front tooth appears to have partially changed states of matter from solid to gas since the last video, face do be lookin' kinda pirate in this one, Arrr Matey!

    • @arcan762
      @arcan762 2 ปีที่แล้ว +2

      why so few people mentioning this lol

  • @d4slaimless
    @d4slaimless 2 ปีที่แล้ว +1

    Immediately thought of NileRed. And this was just a part of the episode on Aerogel. That's funny because supercritical fluid is worth a video in on itself.

  • @DERIVATIVES-mh6ej
    @DERIVATIVES-mh6ej 2 ปีที่แล้ว +3

    Can you do a video on how the zeta function is used in quantum mechanics?

    • @falnica
      @falnica 2 ปีที่แล้ว +1

      no

    • @DERIVATIVES-mh6ej
      @DERIVATIVES-mh6ej 2 ปีที่แล้ว

      @@falnica you're not as funny as you think

  • @Aochso
    @Aochso 2 ปีที่แล้ว

    We did this in physical chemistry class in university at the beginning of this semester and now finally i understand it fully. Our prof never explained it this clear, always had some parts of it which i didnt understand fully, so thank you. Also whats mildly interesting: in the solid phase at higher pressure there are different variations of solid matter, (if i translate it correctly from german) its called superionic ice. For example there is ice II, III, IV, V, XI and some others. Video about that would be great.

  • @BassNinja
    @BassNinja 2 ปีที่แล้ว +3

    Notification squad

  • @scuffeddeimos
    @scuffeddeimos 2 ปีที่แล้ว +2

    I'm pretty sure a hot, humid Florida afternoon feels like walking through a pool of superfluid :P

  • @charles2395
    @charles2395 2 ปีที่แล้ว +20

    With everything going on right now, the best decision to be on any creative man's heart is having a profitable investment strategy.

    • @nissan38p69
      @nissan38p69 2 ปีที่แล้ว

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    • @vaztrevorknox4203
      @vaztrevorknox4203 2 ปีที่แล้ว

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    • @Kristenshwan
      @Kristenshwan 2 ปีที่แล้ว

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    • @lea5898
      @lea5898 2 ปีที่แล้ว

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    • @jackfinnva2409
      @jackfinnva2409 2 ปีที่แล้ว

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      Lack of trade discipline is the primary reason for in day trade losses. It is estimated that nearly 80-85% of day traders end up losing money in the stock market

  • @AlanTheBeast100
    @AlanTheBeast100 2 ปีที่แล้ว +1

    Best explanation of supercritical fluids I've ever heard.

  • @Scribe13013
    @Scribe13013 2 ปีที่แล้ว +3

    (obligatory potty joke)

  • @rsc4577
    @rsc4577 2 ปีที่แล้ว +3

    First

    • @rsc4577
      @rsc4577 2 ปีที่แล้ว +1

      Finally 😎. Anyway, let's watch the video and then comment again.

  • @sevenkashtan
    @sevenkashtan 2 ปีที่แล้ว

    i just wanted to say i have seen all your videos a few times each and i appreciate all the hard work you guys put into thiem. Thank you

  • @arthurmartin4616
    @arthurmartin4616 ปีที่แล้ว

    Always love when my favorite science channels collaborate

  • @scudder991
    @scudder991 2 ปีที่แล้ว

    Great video, especially the awesome House reference. I miss that show. And I would totally buy the series dvd set just to see your cameo, Matt.

  • @matthewgordon3281
    @matthewgordon3281 2 ปีที่แล้ว

    I love it when you blow my mind with stuff I hadn't heard before.

  • @glomerol8300
    @glomerol8300 2 ปีที่แล้ว

    Just a quick note of appreciation to Matt (and the show in general) and his first-rate form and style hereon. Best wishes for 2023.

  • @taubrow4973
    @taubrow4973 2 ปีที่แล้ว

    In the first 5 minutes, I said to myself, "this is like that NileRed video" and lo and behold, it shows up. It really is one of the best visual examples of substance going supercritical

  • @jansenart0
    @jansenart0 2 ปีที่แล้ว +1

    NO ONE illustrated this better than NileRed when he was making aerogel. That was the most brilliant video on the topic that ever could've been.

  • @WhiterunGuard11998
    @WhiterunGuard11998 2 ปีที่แล้ว

    Matt knocked it out of the park again. Another flawless victory!

  • @UtopyDream
    @UtopyDream 2 ปีที่แล้ว +2

    You should also do a video about fluidized beds! They are used in quite a lot of industrial processes, even in oil refineries. In a way, the dispersed phase behaves like it belongs to another state of matter.

  • @mgold7503
    @mgold7503 2 ปีที่แล้ว

    I really liked the video clip. I can now see an example and understand the concept.

  • @mathematicacivilis
    @mathematicacivilis 2 ปีที่แล้ว +1

    Congratulations to the PBS Space Time team for creating all this amazing, informative and engaging Science Communication content. Thank you!

  • @mellow-jello
    @mellow-jello 2 ปีที่แล้ว

    Thanks for bringing me back to my first thermodynamics lecture taken a quarter of a century ago for me. Almost anticipating you to mention the term reservoir, a favourite term used by my professor.

  • @brown2889
    @brown2889 ปีที่แล้ว +1

    Love this episode!❤

  • @deleted-something
    @deleted-something 2 ปีที่แล้ว

    This explanation of that graph makes so much sense

  • @energyvampire1672
    @energyvampire1672 2 ปีที่แล้ว

    I really love PBS and these videos

  • @srbelnap
    @srbelnap 2 ปีที่แล้ว +1

    I always look forward to how you're going to get "spacetime" into the ending monologue!

  • @lewismassie
    @lewismassie 2 ปีที่แล้ว +2

    I was going to share both NileRed's video and the Venus atmosphere fact, but you got both ahead of me. Glad I didn't comment as soon as I arrived. Great stuff

  • @sirgog
    @sirgog 2 ปีที่แล้ว +2

    I love how a 21 minute video manages to convey more information than a second year physical chemistry lecture that went for an hour.

    • @__rikaisuru
      @__rikaisuru 2 ปีที่แล้ว +1

      Exactly. Learned more in this video than actual university “lectures” full of incomprehensible crap.

    • @AdamChopinDev
      @AdamChopinDev 2 ปีที่แล้ว +1

      @@__rikaisuru I had a similar thought while watching the previous video when Matt briefly explained the PN junction. It was strikingly better explained than in the electronics lectures I attended at my university a decade ago.

  • @theskinegg9168
    @theskinegg9168 2 ปีที่แล้ว +1

    2:21 the liquid part’s a little concave, so if you just go up with pressure it’ll melt for a while before freezing again.
    why

  • @luudest
    @luudest 2 ปีที่แล้ว +1

    10:23 Very interesting with the decaf!