Protecting from Solar Flares, Tiny Rockets, Oldest Possible Ice | Q&A 209
ฝัง
- เผยแพร่เมื่อ 27 มิ.ย. 2024
- Can you maintain a stable orbit with just a solar sail? Will a Dyson sphere or swarm kill all life inside of it? Can you protect yourself from a solar flare? What's the oldest ice in the Universe? All this and more in this week's Q&A!
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00:00 Start
00:48 [Tatooine] Can you maintain orbit with just a solar sail?
06:44 [Coruscant] Does a Dyson sphere kill all life inside of it?
11:04 [Hoth] Can a Faraday cage protect from a solar flare?
13:52 [Naboo] Can there be a stable irregular-shaped planet?
17:45 [Kamino] How small can a rocket be?
19:35 [Bespin] Can we detect artificial light on Proxima b?
22:54 [Mustafar] How old was the Universe when first ice was able to form?
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You are free to use my work for any purpose you like, just mention me as the source and link back to this video. - วิทยาศาสตร์และเทคโนโลยี
Electrician here: All grid connections, including homes, are hooked up to the grid in parallel, not series. There are very few series loads connected to grid power, and the ones that are in series are generally items like heating elements or old fashioned fairy (or Christmas) lights (the kind that if one lamp goes out, all the rest don't work until you find and replace the bad one). Series loads require all of the loads to be almost exactly match each other at all times. That would not be practical for grid connected loads, since each customer had different loads that are on at different times.
You are probably thinking about light bulbs etc, but Fraser are referring to the power grid and the possibility to feed energy through another part of the grid if something happens, most probably we find all kind of combinations of grids, depending on geography, money and philosophy, but in general I think the best expression would have been a "star" or "spoke" structure, if you are running your business out on one of the spokes and you loose the power, nothing will be routed to you via another source
@@doncarlodivargas5497
I was referring to the grid, since the term "series" and "parallel" have very specific electrical meanings, and no grid is connected in "series" between multiple sources or loads. The best way to think of the grid is like a large spider web made up of multiple smaller spider webs connected to each other by a few primary anchor points. If a fly lands on one of the webs, only a small area of that web is effected. If enough of the smaller webs anchor points are damaged, the smaller web will fail, and if enough anchor points between webs are damaged, the entire web will fail. But like electrical grids, each web has multiple anchor points that must be damaged before failure occurs.
The reason it is called a "grid" is that it is literally laid out like one, with power being able to be sent to a source from multiple directions, and one area can be taken offline for maintenance or repair in order to localize outages while the rest of the grid remains energized.
The "grid" is generally composed of networks of high voltage high tension lines feeding substations where it will be locally distributed by networks of medium voltage lines, with most networked in a grid, and some not. There will generally be "end of the line" areas within local distribution networks that are not fed from multiple directions. But these areas are generally feeding rural areas with limited customers, so fewer people are effected when failures occur on the local grid level.
Failures of the high voltage/ high tension line or equipment on the primary distribution grid will have larger effects than failures in local grids.
@@GoCoyote - I think this is a matter of economy, because such grid structure is very expensive, in a system like a star, or spokes you simply put in fuses in one end and put on power, while in a grid everything must be managed and the must be a control of the energy flow, I think that is what Fraser was referring to, how it is in practice
@@doncarlodivargas5497
But in practice, the grid is a mix between the two, with it usually being more of a “web/grid than a hub and spoke system. This is why you can have a tree land on a local power line and the system still functions. The power lines have much more sophisticated controls than simple fuses that monitor power flow through the system to control power production and use, and to find faults in the grid. The faults will be automatically isolated in most cases, and crews dispatched to the general area even before the exact location of the fault is known. Is there room for improvement? Absolutely! My feeling is that power lines need to be like public roads that are paid for both by power producers and users, but any power producer or user can have access. Ownership and maintenance should be publicly controlled with levels of funding and system requirements ensured by strong oversight. No system is perfect, but we certainly can do better, or we could be a lot worse.
@@GoCoyote - forgot the issue was sun storms?$
Re "How small can a rocket be" (Kamino, 17:45), and whether such a rocket could reach hobbyist level:
Check out Copenhagen Suborbitals. They're a bunch of enthusiasts currently building a rocket in their spare time that seems to be reasonably close to (if not larger than) the mentioned SS-520. While their planned mission profile is suborbital (as the name suggests), their envisioned payload is comparatively ambitious (a capsule for a human passenger no less), so I wouldn't be surprised if yeeting a small satellite into a stable orbit would be within reach for them if they put their effort to it.
Thanks for the nice LightSail shoutout, Fraser! Great stuff, as usual.
Hi, you have put me to sleep many times. That is meant as a compliment, you have a very soothing voice 🙂
Thanks Mat, I'm such a big fan of what you accomplished with Lightsail2.
@@zapfanzapfan WAKE UP! ;D
@@martythemartian99 Wide awake now! 🙂
Electrician here: Yes, a Faraday cage (or possibly some ferret cages :) and just about any metal box will protect most electronics from solar flares if they are disconnected from grid power. The bigger issue that gives electricians nightmares is the induced voltages on power lines that will effect connected transformers without overvoltage protection when the high voltage breaks down the insulation between conductors within the transformers, allowing short circuits to form. This will cause the transformers to fail catastrophically if in service, or require the transformer to be replaced before power is restored. If the transformer is within a metallic enclosure, and is disconnected from the exterior conductors during a solar event, then it has a good chance of surviving. The big issue is having hundreds of millions of transformers being destroyed world wide all at once, including billions of the small transformers in power supplies for everyday objects like computers and other electrical equipment, plus all unprotected computers even if they are able to be unplugged.
One only needs to look to Texas to see what can happen when the grid is not protected against certain types of natural phenomena, and to major computer hacking events to see what happens when society loses its computers. It adds expense to design electrical systems and electronics to survive large solar events, sort of similar to the way the US military builds their systems to survive EMPs from nuclear blasts. While lighting and nuclear EMPs only last a couple of seconds, large solar events can last from a few seconds to hours, and even days. Hardening infrastructure to protect against such events requires a coordinated effort from utilities, regulators, governments, education, and the public to accomplish, along with a lot of money.
A ferret day cage
the night ones don't work as well :)
Another really good and thought provoking video. A question I don't hear about the concept of the Dyson sphere is whether it could be stable due to gravitational interactions , orbiting planets etc. What do you think?
Mustafar! Such a fun question to think about
Professor Becky's recent video has a topic related to the first ice question. Discussing which and when first elements came about in the early universe. As related to the JWST latest observations data.
A ferret cage is a terrific solution to protect your sensitive electronics
Not only from a coronation (are those still a thing?)
But from intrusive marauders
Feisty little fellas!
Hoth. The only thing that can save us now is more ferret cages!
Thanks for answer my question Fraser! Loved the show for years now! Coruscant.
Tatooine: You described the action of tacking.
One more vote for Tatooine. I had no idea solar sails were so capable! My mental model was more like a tumbleweed, carried wherever the (solar) wind blows.
You make my work days bearable with all your videos!!
Tatooine - "Can you maintain orbit with just a solar sail" was very well presented.
Hoth: the power grid HAS to be in series and not parallel or you will get loop currents and it will explode. Its not poor design, just the opposite in fact.
Another great week! thanks for sharing.
I basically live in a Faraday cage, it's a dome made of steel mesh and concrete embedded into granite. The grid? I don't have any of that fancy grid power up here, i've got solar panels and wind generators and such. I'd imagine a CME strong enough to fry generator windings and cook solar panels would present more immediate survival concerns than not having power.
Probably so! =)
You're the only TH-camr who points correctly on the screen 😂
Yeay, Fraser! Howdie from England! Love your podcasts and all things UT. Thanku for your ongoing social media work. We love it ❤️
I read a lot, and I mean A LOT of Sci Fi, many had solar sails. I remember Revenger (Alastair Reynolds) , never anyone explained to me how a spaceship navigate to lower and higher orbits from the Sun and you made it sooo simple! Thanks
Yes! Fraser, definitively read the Revenger books after Revelation Space!
I used to sail small boats and still it had not clicked that of course a solar sail can be tacked.
Question - can light sails be used to desaturate a reaction wheel?
Photon pressure is very low.
You would probably need a large sail out on the end of a long rigid boom.
Likely a high mass deal breaker of a solution.
My own idea for a Dyson swarm design is, the swarm is a bunch of statites redirecting Solar energy to useful locations around the system, but those statites are not a full sphere: they have a band of unoccupied orbit around the ecliptic, allowing sunlight to shine on the planets.
Tatooine!
About Faraday cages, all you need is to put your most important data in a pendrive and keep it inside your microwave oven. But remember to remove it from there before heating your meal. 😬
Thanks, Fraser!
Stay safe there with your family! 🖖😊
An old, unplugged microwave with a non-working emitter is perfect for this, lol.
A solar sail is also pretty great to limit space junk so it falls back to earth quicker.
You could also use solar sails to change the inclination of an orbit. Launch near the equator, at the lowest possible inclination to maximize payload. Then deploy a solar sail to change the inclination to polar, sun-synchronous or something like that. As long as the gain from launching it economically isn't outweighed by the need for a higher initial orbit to avoid atmospheric drag.
It might be easier to detect faint traces of alien light pollution by spectrography, like maybe look for neon lights.
Yes - any emission lines coming from the planet that are absent from any nearby star would imply an active light source on the planet. Whether that source was artificial or some local natural process would be the logical followup question.
@@sherrillshaffer579 Most artificial lights produce distinct spectra. There shouldn't be any neon light coming from a lifeless planet. But it would be so tiny...
Kamino 18:46 In reminds me of my 35th birthday, I was talking with Peter Beck about metal 3d printing as the future of engineering. This was when rocket labs was maybe 6-7 people still working on home made chemistry.
Also this style of rocket is a good stepping stone. If you have a good light scale single engine design it's not to much of a leap going forward for full scale rapid development to a three engine ship.
Great Questions and answers. Couldn't choose a favorite.
Solar flares and CME's really only have a negligible effect on household-sized devices so it's not really necessary to place them on Faraday cages. The induced currents by flares are cumulative and only become significant over long distances so it's really the large-scale systems that are the most affected, unless you're on a receiving end like those telegraph operators back then.
Thanks Fraser for another good video.
Coruscant is my favorite answer. I've always been fascinated by Dyson "spheres" or swarms. I envision them as a cloud of O'Neill Cylinders housing a trillion people. That will still leave room for the Earth to maintain its climate.
Concerning the freezing temperature of water mentioned in Mustafar, it depends on the content of that water. If it were sea ice, like the Arctic sea on Earth, then the freezing temperature would be -2 Celsius (28.4 Fahrenheit) for ocean water instead of 0 (32 F) for fresh water. That would be due to the salt content of the water.
Water on other planets might have salt content or other elements that can affect its freezing temperature.
Great video, Fraser!
Joined your patreon. Sorry it took so long to finally do it
I learn more here than on any other science show out there. Very happy that Anton @ What the Math suggested you. My question. How many elements on the periodic table are needed to make a human? Not to make life possible but actual ingredients in our list of parts
Aucun Éléments.... désolé l'humain est loin d'être une création naturelle de la vie ???? L'homme ne descent pas du singe 😂😂😂 😂.... Un singe ne détruit pas par pure méchanceté.... Qui évolue ici sur la zone Terre ??? L'intelligence humaine ou l'intelligence artificielle ???? REP : ni un .. ni l'autre.... Qui va gagner la Bataille de la Survie???? L'humain ou les animaux ??? Ça cherche de la vie ailleurs, en détruisant celle d'ici.. ... hahahaha Qui gagne ??? La vie ou un pays ??? Réfléchissons ? .. La vie ou l'argent le plus important ??? Un beau bb mignon tout neuf 😊 wow C beau le miracles de la vie 😇😇 STOP NON ...DIEU DIT :: Tu as pas d'argent pour moi ? $$ petit connard d'humain de merde. ... Crevé , Pas d'argent pour les Miracles 😂😂😂😂
He was making a pun on Faraday cage.
What a great concept for a really good science fiction novel. After a super massive solar storm, the only survivors are whatever ferrets were in their protective ferret cages. They eventually get out and hundreds of thousands of years in the future, the world is populated by an advanced race of super intelligent ferrets, who end up developing solar sail technology and populate the galaxy
Tatooine - since a solar sail could maintain propulsion on a long duration mission what about the other problem common to satellites namely reaction wheels? Is anything being done to improve their reliability? Think of the Keppler probe, its wheels started to fail after just three years, for an interstellar mission an order of magnitude improvement would be the very minimum required!
Tatooin. Really got me thinking. Always asked myself how far could a sail take a ship. But I guess sailing ships can sail into the wind. Am I right in thinking that's along the same lines. Maybe 🏴🤩
Hi Fraser, love your content 🙂
I have a question: Could you work out which way was statistically north in the universe by looking at the polarisation of light across many galaxies?
Maybe not a Dyson swarm or sphere, maybe a niven-ring?
Sometimes I think it would be better to talk about increasing or decreasing the 'total orbital energy' of a craft, rather than it's orbital speed. Increase the total energy to enlarge the orbit; decrease to shrink it. The *relative* orbital speeds are important when making rendezvous with another craft or with an orbiting body, but not otherwise. Orbital speed changes at every point in any non-perfectly-circular orbit, anyhow: fastest at periapsis, slowest at apoapsis.
Another great episode. Tatooine
Hoth. Ferrit cage.. most likely a text replacement for Ferrara. Whoops. I mean ferraday. Lol
Question - whatya think where would all the materials for the Dyson sphere come from?
And, how much mass in computers and machines does it take to consume the energy of a star?
I would say probably asteroids or just another planet. Imagine protests about just mining mercury dry
The most sensible would be Mercury. Mercury is metal-rich and if the goal is energy collection then its materials are already decently close to the sun. Its been calculated that a concerted effort to mine Mercury and feedback the energy into more mining it would only take about 30 years to dismantle Mercury entirely.
@@CarFreeSegnitz so many protests would happen that it probably would never go through
Long live our future overlords, the Ferrets in cages who survived the solar flare!
OK, so I have a small simple question. Astronomers have been looking for a substance they call 'dark matter' to explain the rotation of the outer solar systems in the galaxy. Perhaps we should start with a simpler question. How much mass is there in the Oort cloud?
Hello Fraiser, thanks for the constantly great content!
Here's my question: Gravitational waves are extremely weak and hard to detect here on Earth. But would they be able to rip you or a spacecraft apart, if you were close to a neutron star merger or a black hole merger? Thanks for your answer!
Hello Fraser! Would it be possible for the ISS to intercept the Hubble Space Telescope and with the Canada Arm, the astronauts could then upgrade the systems on it and then maybe use SpaceX to boost it back to a stable orbit? Love your vids!!!
Hubble is on an orbit 120km higher than, and inclined 22 degrees off of the ISS orbit.
ISS orbit is lower to minimize radiation exposure for the astronauts. And changing orbital planes is very fuel intensive.
It would be far cheaper and more efficient to launch a dedicted mission directly to the Hubbles orbit.
That would be a neat idea, I like the thought. The trouble is that the two spacecraft are in entirely different orbits, and there's no practical way to make them match up well enough for the Arm to have a chance.
(details below)
ISS orbit = inclination: 51.6434° | perigee height: 412 km | apogee height: 419 km
HST orbit = inclination: 28.4706° | perigee height: 529 km | apogee height: 532 km
As you can see instantly, we would need to raise/lower one or both craft by over 110 km in altitude ... a HUGE expenditure of fuel compared to what either carries onboard. The ISS could theoretically be sent numerous extra Soyuz & Dragon spacecraft for the express purpose of providing maneuvering fuel for this task, and so eventually it MIGHT be able to reach the right altitude. However, even if all the ISS partners agreed to this huge expense, we would then have to change the inclination of one or both craft by a large amount as well just to make the orbits lineup, instead of colliding at a few km/sec at a roughly 23 degree angle.
This requires even MORE copious amounts of fuel, and if we did try to use the plan above, that would change the orbit of ISS such that Soyuz and Progress modules would no longer be able to easily reach the ISS from their usual launch site in Kazakhstan. Since it's more efficient to change inclination WHILE you're raising the altitude, chances are (I haven't done the exact calculations) your changes in inclination would probably end making it too hard to reach the ISS with your later fuel shipments before the ISS altitude gets anywhere near the HST's.
The best, most cost-effective bet for a mission like this is to just spend the money on a new crewed Dragon (or what have you) mission, with all the brand new purpose-built tech needed to do this servicing mission on board, which would then launch straight to the HST's orbit. Then, your only question becomes, "Is the risk/expense to maintain and update the Hubble worth it?" To this point, the answer has been "Nope!" because in all practicality, launching an entirely new instrument (ground- or space-based) will give you better science for the same/less investment, and without the risk to a live astronaut crew.
Coruscant. How close to you need to be to source of gravitational waves to see their effect, to feel them, to be destroyed by them?
I suspect that the black body radiation curve drops rather rapidly above the max intensity for PC b maybe a high pass filter would help especially if the lights they use are like our mercury or sodium vapor lamps that have very spiky spectra. Low pressure sodium for example emits almost all it radiation in the double D line pair at about 589 nm. That of course presumes that PC b has a low sodium content. Amazingly it just occurred to me this afternoon for the first time that might be possible. Deja vu?
Edit. Maybe mercury would be better because many of its major lines are at much shorter wavelengths.
About previous use of solar sails:
In February 1995, the Sojourney deployed succefully two solar sails on their race to Mars agains Russia and Helios. It was named Operation Jolly Roger if I'm not mistaken.
Hoth. Just because Ferret Cage made me laugh so hard.
Love your channel, first time asking a question.
Say there are two stars traveling in opposite directions. Both stars are approximately one solar mass and have a planetary system of similar mass and diameter to ours. The planets of each star are close to the same cosmic plane as they pass. How close could those two stars pass each other without disturbing the orbits of their respective planets?
“Ahh I really should get around to it I really love what Fraser is doing “ i say this all the time
Mr Cain. Enjoy your videos and talks very much. Thank you.
Pretty new to your channel. So, if I heard you correctly you'll answer astronomy questions from viewers if you can. I am a subscriber but unfortunately not a patron. I'll try to in the future.
Ok, here's my question. It's pretty remedial so hope you don't mind.
How fast does our solar system fly around in the Orion spur of our Milky Way galaxy?
Thank you
Al Massoli
Fayetteville Tn.
Oh don't worry about being a patron or asking remedial, beginner, or any other sorts of questions on this channel. People who want to learn are *all welcome here,* ask away. Plus I thought yours was a pretty darn great question!!
So welcome, I'm glad you found the place 🪐
I envision the day when a solar sail could be attached to a near earth object to alter its orbit enough to avoid a collision.
Hoth, that part made me laugh
Hi Fraser, this question is about blackholes and their interiors. Isn't the fact that when you add mass to black holes, it increases the size of the event horizon implies that the mass is staying at the center. This should dispute the wild theiories about it disappearing through to different dimensions, universes or worm holes. Also when the blackhole forms, it is shaped like a ball 360 degree, and not as a cone that sometimes diagrams iwrongly indicate. Therefore, tne event horizon is also 360 degree. Your comments please!
Do you have a gear list you use? Your video lighting is incredible - what do you use ? Thanks
That was interesting.
If you use solar sails for emergency propulsion keep in mind that the solar wind is a bit unidirectional. I do not belive that we found a way to cruse against the solar wind just yet. Still if you could save on fuel that way then solar sails coukd be really useful in emergencies.
Tatooine. And I have additional questions. Is light absorbed and then reradiated from a reflective surface? And with no force applied during the absorption? Your explanation involving (+ or -) 45 degrees seems to require this in order to have the force be 90 degrees to the sun along the plane of the orbit. Does absorption of light not apply any force at all? I've seen explanations of the physics of solar sails that talked of the two most useful orientations of the sail being edge on to the sun (no solar force) and flat side to the sun (maximum solar force.) To leave the earth, the spacecraft would increase its orbit's apogee by facing the sun on the half of its earth-orbit going away from the sun and being edge-on when going toward the sun, stretching the ellipse by stages until the apogee was far enough that the earth's gravity was negligible. Then it could spiral away from the sun by staying face-on to the sun until it reached a distance that would allow it to approach its target world's orbit with further angle changes.
The physics of reflection used in this explanation seemed to assume that light applied its force to the sail in the same way that a ball bouncing off a surface would do. According to my understanding at the time, if it approached at 45 deg and reflected at 45 deg, then the vector of acceleration would split the difference, as if the ball (or the photon) had come in at 22.5 deg. To increase speed in orbit (or to decrease it in order to drop closer to the sun) the vector at 22.5 deg is about as good as you could do, and 45 deg to the sun would get you that.
That made sense to me. My physics classes never addressed a difference between MASSLESS photons and other particles or objects that do have MASS when reflecting from a surface. Is that the distinction I missed?
Question: could we turn the sun into a huge radio, just like in the "three body problem" book? Has something like this ever been tried?
You said that our moon pulls itself into a sphere. That may be true, however it is a myth that our moon is perfectly spherical. It is a bit oblate (like a typical egg) with the fat side facing us. (Possibly because of tidal forces and maybe an uneven mass ditribution as well).
I love your very interesting videos, thank you!
15:28 Mount Everest's peak is 8.8km high yet it is ~4km tall. There's a reason we have different terms. Height for the vast majority of things on Earth refers to distance from mean sea level; tall refers to base to top. I'm 6' tall, not 6' high. If I was on the top of Everest, I'd still be 6' tall yet 8.8km high. Mauna Kea (Hawaii) is 10.2km tall, easily surpassing Mt Everest; yet, it's height is less than half of Everest's at only 4.2km.
UT goodness
Hoth :D
I votre for Mustafar!
I like Kamino. I had never thought of the lower limits of a rocket. Most focus goes to the upper limits. What are the limiting factors when talking about the smallest rocket that could reach orbit? I'd assume total weight and weight of the propellant. I used to build model rockets as a kid that had the solid fuel cartridge that you could ignite and send up... maybe 500 or so feet, it would pop a parachute when the fuel reached the end we'd recover, load another fuel cartridge in and repeat. I always wanted to just strap a bunch of fuel cells together and see what would happen. My dad just said, NO.
If a Dyson Swarm is remotely feasible, then protecting all the infrastructures on Earth with huge Faraday Cages would be easy-peasy! ;-)
"Let's make this official. Let's tear apart Mercury!" How do you know my marriage vows?
Just a follow on to a question on this episode. Will a major CME damage all the solar panels on people’s houses?
Hoth
Isn't the theory of a Dyson sphere that you'd have to deconstruct all the planets in the solar system to make it, so the earth wouldn't be there anymore to be inhospitable! I'm guessing the power would be used to turn life into some sort of simulation with uploaded consciousness or something.
“There is a theory which states that if ever anyone discovers exactly what the Universe is for and why it is here, it will instantly disappear and be replaced by something even more bizarre and inexplicable.
There is another theory which states that this has already happened.”
― Douglas Adams, The Restaurant at the End of the Universe
Welcome to the simulation. I mean, how else do you explain the stability of our planetary system and lack of nearby supernovas?
If instead of a light sail one could gather the plasma and magnetic fields and turn them around from near light speed away from the sun to near light speed towards it, would you not have "free" acceleration without a loss of mass? As we have learned having mass to push behind you is more precious than the energy to push it. There have been a lot of discoveries since the Buzzard Drive was proposed and perhaps a new look is warranted.
Naboo - We need to hunt down the first diamond shaped planet
55 Cancri e is postulated to be composed almost entirely of diamond. Its density and proximity to its host star and not getting torn apart by tidal forces suggest it’s made of stern stuff.
Are there any plans to test another tether system in the near future?
Has anyone given any thoughts to using a tether system to transfer momentum to the ISS when astronauts or garbage returns to Earth? Raise it's orbit without additional fuel..
Do solar panels on spacecraft act like solar sails in any measurable way? Conversely, could solar sails be built that were also PV?
Coruscant: Oh no, we can't take Mercury apart! We'll need it to dump some of the excess mass of the Sun while we are solar lifting it, to increase its lifespan!
hoth ~ hamster wheels, except ferrets. it's something, but probably not a fix. either way, great topic & remarks.
For a typical spiral to Mars the pitch angle of the solar sail is closer to 35 degrees than 45 degrees. See the text by Colin R. McInnes, pages 132-134.
How could a Lagrange point incorporate how being closer to the primary body makes for a different orbital velocity… is this an aspect of the formulas where the forces must also be strong enough to counter the orbital speed mismatch.
I have so many questions.
Bespin. The problem with detecting artificial light on a planet orbiting Proxima B the way you suggested might be possible is that any planet orbiting a red dwarf star in the habitable zone will be tidally locked to the star. As a result, the night side of the planet is probably all you would ever be able to see. Although, that in and of itself might help because any light you see will almost certainly be artificial.
@Tom's Cubes & Games Good thinking but not accurate. The planet would be visible throughout its orbit except when eclipsed by the star.
15:23 "blawwwb" 🤣 🤣 🤣
Thank you for answering my question about small rockets. I imagine a future where you can buy a rocket off Amazon and send grandpa's ashes into space by yourself.
I won't say our lifetime or our kids lifetime, but then again, a man once said we would never fly across the Atlantic.
Becoming a shooting star on reentry sounds like a good way to go.
@TheSpaceCoyote82 - "That’s definitely not going to happen"
Exactly what the President of ULA said about "landing first stages of rockets"
That better never happen , and for incredibly obvious reasons.
That’s how you get Kessler Syndrome.
Love the show would spectroscopy analysis help in confirming artificial light on the planet?
Absolutely, but the signal is so faint. You'd need a monumentally powerful telescope.
question. why are the galaxies flat? and why a solar system's planets orbits is contained in a plane?
if galaxies revolved around one another, would they ultimately arrange themselves in a single plane?
Hoth! Because…ferrets!
Naboo this week.
Can Antimatter be detected anywhere in the universe?
Yes, there's an excess amount of antimatter annihilation coming from the center of the Milky Way. Astronomers aren't entirely sure why, but it has something to do with the supermassive black hole.
Question: Would the disappearance of a star be evidence of an advanced civilization?
Did not understand the two different "45-degree angles" with respect to solar sails; more detail here (or even just angling your hands differently) would've helped. But good to know solar sails can be used to both raise and lower an orbit
Oh I guess it's just 45 degrees with respect to the instantaneous direction of travel. Minus 45 to raise and plus 45 to lower, or vice versa depending on how you set up your coordinate system
Hoth: i think you misread. They were asking if the sun became king, knowing that ferret cages are independent, should we put our devices in there to protect them from solar tyranny.
I think this is an important question.
Faraday cages.
Even if the Dyson sphere/swarm did block out the light from the Sun you're making that much energy that you could control the environment.
Relay stations could shoot laser beams at solar sails to get to other stars. Massless fuel unlike rocket fuel which is 99%+ of total mass.
As an owner of ferrets: never put electronic device into a ferret cage. Neither of them is likely to survive.
Ferret cage!!!!! Autocorrect strikes again!!!!😂😂😂
Alexa, show me solar sails. " Calling Solar Sales now"
I think ferrets inside a metal cage might be harmed by current induced in the metal bars by the geomagnetic / solar event.