Human Missions to Asteroids, Rockets and Global Warming, Dark Antimatter | Q&A 204
ฝัง
- เผยแพร่เมื่อ 19 มิ.ย. 2024
- Does the Black Knight satellite really exist? Can JWST explore the Oort cloud? Did we hopelessly contaminate Mars with life? Would I fly on the dearMoon mission without the abort system? Should we do crewed missions to near-earth asteroids? Answers to all these questions and more in this week's Q&A with Fraser Cain!
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00:00 Intro
00:46 [Tatooine] Does the Black Knight satellite really exist?
04:00 [Coruscant] Should we do crewed missions to near-earth asteroids?
06:41 [Hoth] Can we put a really good camera around the Moon?
07:39 [Naboo] Patreon announcements
09:31 [Kamino] Can JWST explore the Oort cloud?
11:48 [Bespin] Can there be Dark Antimatter?
12:36 [Mustafar] Did we hopelessly contaminate Mars with life?
16:13 [Alderaan] How do we track the movements of distant galaxies?
20:05 [Dagobah] Is there a specific direction to look at the Big Bang?
21:10 [Yavin] Does propellant contribute to Kessler Syndrome?
22:06 [Mandalore] Should we use different fuel to propel rockets?
24:37 [Geonosis] Can JWST detect Population 3 stars?
27:30 [Corellia] What size is the observable universe?
28:41 [Crait] Would I fly on the dearMoon mission without the abort system?
30:24 [Endor] Do rockets cause global warming?
32:20 [Exegol] Is it ethical to terraform Mars?
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Just start about the Smurf colony in your backyard, if they say smurfs aren't real ask them to prove that.
I am not sure you understand the structure of a conspiracy theory?
there must be an conspiracy as a start for example, dark dangerous forces behind it,
and not at least, whatever anyone say will confirm the theory
The government is covering up your Smurf village.
@@frasercain the mainstream media is in on the coverup. They are afraid of Smurfs.
Only a closed-minded sheep would believe what the “experts” say about Smurf’s existence
Where were you when the smurfs rose up? XD
I listen to a ton of podcast and TH-cam videos on cosmology, astronomy, astrophysics, etc. Pretty much anything space orientated. I listen for the 8 to 10 hrs I work, or d4iving around running errands, when I lay down for the night I'll fall asleep to it. Out of all of it I find your material and ability to communicate your knowledge by far the most consistently enjoyable. For some reason what you say and how you say it just sticks. I truly appreciate all your time and effort. I will be a listener for life and can't thank you enough for increasing my knowledge.
Always double check his "knowledge", he's spitting at you. Fact.
Fraser,
I know you know but I wanted to add that in addition to NASA’s LRO the Indian Chandrayaan-2 lunar orbiter has also taken excellent photos of the Apollo landing sites.
I didn't realize, but I just found them. These are stunning: twitter.com/debapratim_/status/1496098665030725635
Naboo
As someone who has no income and enjoys the free content, I'm very thankful to all the patrons.
And it didn't escape my notice that you have the convenient time stamp so I can skip the intro. I really appreciate it. Thanks.
Yup, I'm trying to make the content as accessible as possible without going broke. It's a fine line. :-)
That part where Grandma & Granddaughter are trolling together was heart warming. ;O)-
The family that trolls together...
I was so pleased with myself while editing that section :D
@@Drakcap As you should be,
It's very open minded. ;O)-
@@Drakcap It is hilarious that you replied to that, and hilarious that you gave that answer. You keep up the _outstanding_ work, Chad. 😂
When the next interstellar object (like Oumuamua) comes into the Solar System could JWST be turned quickly enough to catch it? Would they abandon what it’s looking at to do that?
Great question! Upvoted 🙂
Absolutely, JWST always has a little time to spare for exactly this kind of thing. It would have months of opportunities to take a look.
Naboo
Could you talk about the impact of shock waves on star formation in galaxies? Like, the spirals are supposedly standing waves that keep slamming into cold gas, and other stellar nurseries happen where the shock wave(s) from super nova explosions meet clouds of molecular hydrogen.
The black knight satellite is literally just a cool story made up about a photograph of a dropped thermal cover from a space shuttle mission if I remember correctly. The photograph is legit and documented. I have no idea who started the sci-fi novel backstory.
Theres video of it too!.. if you skip to around the 1:15 mark of this video you'll see all the classic still frames that ufo sites like to superimpose onto different backgrounds: th-cam.com/video/IXqw6NpCwIg/w-d-xo.html
That's what they want you to think, and that video posted in the reply is obviously a CGI coverup.
Note: I'm joking. My comment is sarcasm! lol
In all seriousness, I don't understand where the idea it had to be 13,000 years old. Even if we ignore the debris from human spaceflight explanation, my first assumption would have been it's some satellite we put there. If there's no information about it, I'd assume that it's because it's military and therefore information about it is probably in some classified file somewhere.
Love your response to Tatooine!
Thanks!
Mustafar!
Thanks for all the questions and answers, Fraser! 😊
Stay safe there with your family! 🖖😊
Merry Christmas and happy new year!
Hi Frasier. I've been watching your videos for quite a few years now. You are an intelligent, honest, and kind man. I especially appreciated your answers regarding conspiracy theories and advertising - not astronomy related but important nonetheless. Thank you for all of the knowledge that you have imparted.
Crait -- A year ago Starship was being tested to find the limits of the craft.Only after the bad press Not understanding the mythology got to be too much was the landing profile changed and a perfect spacex booster style landing was done.
Question: Do you know when the Artemis 1 data, with all the HD-video-data, can be seen online? If I am right they have the full quality pictures and videos on a harddrive inside the capsule. Does it take so long to just copy them over? (Thanks for your great videos by the way)
He did it! He pointed at the right part of the frame!
[cut to conclusion of the "Say the Line, Bart" meme, a.k.a. the part where "YAY"]
I will never disparage another person's curiosity about the universe. The Black Knight clearly is SOMETHING, though the explanation might be mundane. "I don't know" seems by far the best answer.
"Use Google image search and limit results to NASA, ESA" would be the best answer. Follow up with "and let me know when you find out what it is!" to clarify that the ball is back in their court.
As another poster points out, this original photo exists and is documented.
I don't mind being asked "out there" questions but it does get old when my coworker seems more open to any answer that isn't mundane. According to him, the moon emits "cold light", and is a convex as opposed to being round.
He also always gets hung up on this "Van Halen belt" at any mention of the Apollo program. When I brought up evidence of the Apollo 16 blast crater he responds, "maybe they just made that up in order to explain the lack of a blast crater during the other missions."
As for all of the stuff I see in my telescope? There's a big hologram machine behind "the curtain".
Our first priority needs to be perfecting lightweight fusion power. We can do this in conjunction with colonizing the Moon. Reliable fusion power will allow us to protect against radiation and create ships with simulated gravity. Fusion is the most important goal right now.
Hoth, I wonder what the chances are both going back to one of the landing site and all the equipment that we left behind still works
hell yeah more Fraser 🥳
Thanks!
Just got my first ever meteorite sample from Dr Brian Keating today. Thank you Fraser for doing an interview with him and letting us sign up for that sweepstake. That’s an amazing Christmas present❗️
Question: Do we have a hypothesis of the temperature inside of the event horizon of a black hole? My intuition tells me it would likely be extremely hot as matter and energy approach the singularity (almost like a 2nd accretion disk) and then absolute zero when they get to it as no more movement is possible. would time dilation affect that? also, would that change, or have an effect on a black hole evaporates thus changing it's event horizon's size? I understand that this is probably not testable at least until we spot evaporating blackholes, if that ends up being what happens to them.
I am very curious about the Venus-Earth Spin-Orbit (non-resonant) relation. I've read about the observation that at every inferior conjunction Venus presents, to within 0.03% accuracy, the same hemisphere to Earth. David Grinspoon mentions this in his book Venus Revealed. Does anybody yet have an explanation for this? Is anybody you know working on it? Have you heard of this before?
I was the first viewer and my question was answered! Thanks so much I love your show! However my last name does not have a R in it. It's not Dribble but Dibble. But don't worry about it, happens all the time. Thanks Again!
Technically a propellant is not what is emitted by the exhaust pipe or rocket. These are exhaust streams created by the combustion process or chemical reactions prior to exhaust system.
Most liquid chemical rockets use two separate propellants: a fuel and an oxidizer. Typical fuels include kerosene, alcohol, hydrazine and its derivatives, and liquid hydrogen. Many others have been tested and used. Oxidizers include nitric acid, nitrogen tetroxide, liquid oxygen, and liquid fluorine.
Great stuff!
I wonder if you could have gone a little more into the rocket equation for Mandalore's question? The most efficient rocket is the one with the highest exhaust velocity, and the highest energy of combustion per mass of exhaust. We know this answer for for chemical propellants for a very long time: Hydrogen and Oxygen. But Hydrogen makes for bigger and heavier (empty weight), and more expensive rockets, so compromise on Oxygen and Kerosene or Methane for not quite as efficient, however cheaper and lighter rocket shells.
Exegol ! Was fascinated recently by the recent discovery of 2myo dna in greenland, and how it fossilized in the dirt. Do you think theres any chance that we will find fossils of dna on mars?? When did the water dry up, the atmosphere disapear, and what would be a logical timeline for the survival of some organic material afterwards?
Hey Fraser… How dense are regions like the Asteroid Belt, Kuiper Belt, and Oort Cloud? Movies and space art make them seem densely packed, but space is insanely big, right? We understand their distances, but what about their densities?
Here explained how dense is the Asteroid Belt - th-cam.com/video/XN9lGBAzvAI/w-d-xo.html
Tatooine
Your answer is so good!
Hi Fraser, you're the best! One thing however, In reviewing redshift data, I noticed that as stars (type1 sn) are further and further away, the speed calculated from the redshift gets closer and closer to the speed of light, but never reaches it. If I understand General Relativity correctly, this should be expected, and from our perspective, nothing should appear to be traveling faster than the speed of light. I know that a lot of intelligent people are saying that the limit on velocity does not apply to expanding space, but according to General Relativity, no matter the reason for an object having extreme velocity, it will appear to any observer as having a velocity below that of light. Doesn't this totally eliminate the whole idea of a horizon based on the speed of galaxies? Isn't the only horizon due to the time it took light to travel to us?
You won't see galaxies moving faster than the speed of light, you'll just see their wavelengths stretch until they're redshifted so much that you can't see them any more.
Thanks Fraser! ❓Lagrange question: during the moon's formation would it have been possible to add so much angular momentum to the system as to cause the moon to retreat (through tidal interactions) to the point where it would be able to wander away from the Earth? Does say Jupiter have enough momentum left to eject any sizable moon of its own?
Hi Frasier, great channel and thanks for all great content. I have a question. How can a star under formation bring in all that mass that is needed, since it´s hard for mass to reach a "gravity well" in space i thought....?
I think it would be good idea to put plantlife on Mars. Conditions are likely to harsh there for plant life.
Mustafar
I'm sorry I can't stop gushing about your content. And your last video on Space Madness! Can not contain my enthusiasm I have for these videos.
11:06 Wow! I had no idea the Kuiper Belt was that far away. I thought it was like, maybe, 30 or 40 AU away-- at least close enough for us to send probes to it! I didn't know it was hundreds of AU away.
I'm curious... Being that far away (and thus, more or less unreachable to us), does that mean the Kuiper Belt is only "theorized" to exist (like the Oort Cloud), but not actually "observed" (like the Asteroid Belt)?
Happy CHRISTMAS to and your family...
Fun question: I came to your channel from your appearance on Sabine Hossenfelder's channel. I was impressed by your explanation, and also noted that you pronounced "kilometre" twice in what I regard as the correct manner, as "KIL-o-meter". WHY do most people in the world pronounce it "kil-OM-meter"? They don't do the same thing with centimetre, millimetre, nanometre, or kilogramme etc., so why with that one word? How did it happen?
It's ki-lo-me-ter. Ki-lo. Not kil-o. You are probably a native English speaker. That means that you cannot pronounce anything in any decent manner, because there was this thing called the great vowel shift that totally screwed up the way English words were pronounced. And it does not help that English is basically a trashy language constructed from what washed up from the Celts, Romans, Angles, Saxons, Danes, French and so on. So it's not your fault. You can still learn to pronounce kilometer correctly.
@@FrancisFjordCupola Your strange rant has nothing to do with my comment. My point was simply about the stress on the syllables of the word kilometre, and how it differs from that on similar words such as centimetre etc. It had nothing to do with how vowels are pronounced. You appear to be very new to TH-cam, and I hope you learn quickly that trying to insult people and their language is not a very productive way to spend your time. The words I was talking about, incidentally, are originally French.
I now kinda want to see a movie about a troll love story.
Maybe it's a silly question. There's one thing that bothers me with the Moon and Theia hypotesis and all the collisions in the early stages of the solar system:: How is it possible that after a major collision with another planetoid Earth, like most planets, remained on the same orbital plane around the Sun only tilting its axis?
I would have thought colliding planets should mostly have an inclined orbit like Pluto. Sort of like two spiral galaxies colliding often loose their plane shape merging in an elliptical galaxy.
It's always a pleasure receiving the notification of new video of yours, carry-on the good work.
I think Mars is a great destination. if we can get there, then we can get to the Moon and Asteroids. It also makes getting to the outer solar system much easier. focusing on the moon just limits us. the Apollo program for example was almost useless for anything other than sending two men to the moon. The shuttle could only get to LEO. Aim high and and see what opportunities arise.
I think it's a great destination, just a difficult journey, which is why I think we should learn with closer places first.
The question Alderaan.
Tangent: not for many years but eventually this will be important when your descendants will try to navigate to at least an orbit around a planet orbiting some far off star. There will be intermediate correcting thrustings along the way.
Naboo, I think you have a really great monetization ballance. I love how you don't have commercial sponsors in your videos. I have pushed your model as an ideal monetization model to other youbube channels.
Thanks a lot. It's a tricky balance, but the more patreons we get, the more the whole thing becomes sustainable.
Vote for Coruscant. Hi Fraser, relatively new listener of your channel, loving it so far. I was very interested that you felt asteroids were a better first target than Mars, your reasoning was convincing however. Curious of several things: 1. if the risk of missing the asteroid is great enough that it would be sufficiently safe 2. Is there enough gravity assist to make the return trip of such a mission possible in a reasonable timeframe 3. Does the gravity of Mars help to offset the health effects of weightlessness once astronauts arrive and can walk on the surface, which obviously there is far less gravity on an asteroid. Thanks and keep up the great work!
1. Don't miss. :-)
2. There are free-return trajectories from asteroids, just don't miss them either. :-)
3. We don't know yet. A recent study calculated that Mars astronauts will be strong enough to work on Mars after months of zero G.
@@frasercain thanks for your reply!
Naboo - Great answer. No whining about stuff that is free.
I think people are accustomed to things being free on the Internet.
Hi Fraser, I’ve got a question concerning detection of exoplanets using Doppler spectroscopy. As I understand, planets and their star orbit their common center of gravity. Star wobble will depend on the total mass of all of the planets orbiting it. So how do scientists know how many planets orbit a star based of the star wobble?
Do we have any approximations for the density of the Oort Cloud? The Asteroid Belt already has vast distances between very small objects with very little combined mass. Would there be any kind of interactions between objects in the Oort Cloud at all, or would they all be separated from each others by several AUs?
They could be tens of millions of kilometers apart, like the distance from Earth to Venus. It's a huge volume of space.
Fraser Cain you're so awesome! I'm happy how you were raised by family!
hoth 6:52, or maybe Venus would be even easier? flaying research lab under huge zeppelin filled with oxygen! or maybe shuttles to closer asteroids is a very good first step
A mission to Venus would be cool, but it would have to be a flyby. Building the infrastructure to support a floating base is challenging.
Question: If we reach the "Island of stability" and create stable super-heavy elements say density 100 g/cm3 (Osmium is 22 g/cm3) could we use that material for gravity field, to increase gravity on Moon or Mars base? how high vertically will it's gravity effect extend?
Any island of stability won't be atoms that'll last longer than a fraction of a second. We'll never be able to match the matter creation ability of a core collapse supernova. If this stuff was possible, we'd find it leftover from extreme cosmic events. We probably won't find anything that's naturally stable beyond uranium.
Can you talk about cheaper possible variants for The Atlantis Project.
My idea(If I ever got the Money, I'd get that ball rolling...):
A combination of tether(Anchored to the earth, and the centrifugal force that comes from something high up spinning at the speed of the surface, because it is anchoredto it.)
And good old helium.
So this can be doneexisting material, and not even expensive ones.
It can even be a form of infrastructure for buildings.
Is there any way of watching your three hour long question and answer session at another time then the live transmission? I live in a country, where your live transmission is in the middle of the night, and I would hate to miss you answering one of my questions.
Just bookmark the location in advance. We unlist the video but it's still there.
Naboo
I like how you did that one in the middle
Alderron AND dagobah
I find the theroy that we live in a black hole, time stops at the event horizon, the beginning of time is in every direction.
I saw something about a calculation being done were if you took all the mass in the visible universe the Swartzshield radius would be larger then the visible universe.where things really are matters. What did they use to calculate the size? The 13.x billion light years it took light to get here or what size it would be now? How long till or has it been till the size equals the Swartzshield radius if ever?
Fraser, what are your thoughts on Black Hole Stars? Is there any evidence for them other than the seeming paradox of supermassive black holes at galactic centers?
If MOND is a modification of gravity, could it also have an effect in high gravity environments, instead of just super long distance? Could anything be found at LIGO?
28:40 so does that mean we are also moving faster than light for another observer in the universe? So the whole thing is expanding ftl us included?
Yes, we are over the cosmic horizon for an observer that is beyond ours.
Talking about pop III stars, Kurzgesagt just made a video about another type of pop III stars with tens of millions of solar masses with a core so compressed that fusion is not enough to sustain the pressure and quickly form a black hole which would be the seeds of current supermassive black holes. It woud also neatly explain the early universe powerful quasars and GRBs. What's your take, what does the scientific consensus say about that? What else could explains early SMBHs? Thanks.
The mainstream theory is that black holes started small and then built up over time. Another theory suggests that Pop III stars were so massive they just collapsed directly into black holes. And another proposes that SMBHs were created at the very beginning through overdensities in the early Universe.
@@frasercain the early universe is so mysterious. Fascinating.
my sons lab is working on the next step beyond the ion pulse engine. its amazing and very exciting.
That sounds amazing.
Hey Fraser, You've named the questions after Star Wars planets. How about Star Trek planets? there's a ton
Hi Fraser
Thanks for a reasoned and intelligent video
Here’s a question for you if you put enough mass together in one place you can get a black hole.
As Einstein has shown energy and mass or intrinsically linked together, so here’s the question, if you put enough energy together in one place or at one time, can you make a black hole or perhaps dark energy?
Secondly if that is the case, at the begining of our universe there was an awful a lot of energy in one place at one time, could that be the source of dark energy that we see evidence of today in the universe?
Yes, putting enough energy in one place will produce a black hole. It does not produce dark energy; that has nothing to do with black holes. So, your second paragraph is a hard "no".
2:16 that kinda looks like a fighter jet about to do a flyby.
4:10 keep in mind that the asteroid belt is further out than mars.
There are many near-earth-object asteroids.
I also like your answer to Exogol. But you said only vote once. 🙁
If they launch a rocket from 6000 ft. elevation. Would it still require the same power as if launch on Sea level.
Slightly less. Slightly. Not enough to offset the difficulty of accessing and working at such a launch site.
[Coruscant] I think NEA Missions are way more interesting are way more interesting than Mars missions. Also I don't nessesaraly agree that Luna is easier. It is probably easier in terms of complexity. But let us not forget, that in terms delta V those Asteroids are actually closer than the surface of the moon. So it takes less brute force to get stuff there and back.
It's lower delta-V to get to asteroids, but the journey is longer. Right now I think the key is focusing on shorter travel time. Rapidly iterate.
Is it really more worthwhile to visit a near earth asteroid than it would be to go to the LaGrange point and fix/refuel/reposition/upgrade JWST and prime it for another 15 years of duty?
Why choose. :-)
Be mindful that JWST wasn't designed for servicing. It doesn't even have a manipulator arm attachment point.
Nor could you risk contaminating its mirror or instruments with thruster exhaust (depending on the thruster fuel) as you approached...if you even had a suitable spacecraft to get there.
And it still wouldn't tell you the same thing about NEOs as a mission to one (which, if manned, means sample returns too). It's an apples/oranges question.
Since time dilation slows down the passage of time for anything getting close to the event horizon of a black hole wouldn't it be true that crossing the event horizon would be impossible? Increasing time dilation will continually slow time down making it impossible to actually reach the event horizon. It's like if you divide the distance between an object traveling towards a point a by 50% and then move the item for 50% and then continue to divide the distance by 50% the item will never reach point a no matter how many moves you make and this way it seems to me that it would be impossible to reach a black coffee event horizon we decide to think about this?
Exegol. Great Answer.
To dismiss novel inquiries as conspiracy theories you must do what is a 'no-no' in the pursuit of knowledge, that is, make an uninformed judgment disguised as an informed judgment. This is what people have always done and will do.
Hoth ( love Patreon at any point )
hey man ... question just popped in... everytime we(science community) talk about going to mars very few adress the issue of the magnetic field , i guess everyone talked about it briefly but , will it be really hard to actually build one in space? Since everything else is known to be relatively simple to do but hard to execute(actually going, landing,surviving, and ofc coming back) Do we have the technology to build a magnetic field actually carry it to space ?
Scientists have tried to build artificial magnetic fields many times, but it always ends up that it's more efficient to just build shielding out of mass, like metal or ice.
@@frasercain ohhhh , so it will be very hard cuz it will need a lot of TONS , maybe starship can do it !
Coruscant
I find The Expanse franchise deeply compelling, and I can't wait for it to be a reality. But with stronger workers' rights and unions. 😂 So knowing the next steps for humanity is close to my heart.
Yes H2O is a gas which retains hea in the atmospher {but no, it is not necessarily a carbon-related process}, I would posit that the earth gains more H2O in the atmosphere from boiling out pasta than from rockets. So maybe we should stop eating pasta? I don't think so.
Thanks! About going to another planet, we never talk about Venus, which makes sense considering the extreme atmosphere. But, would terra forming Venus be harder than on Mars?
Hi Rienk, I’m not expert enough to say which is harder, but both are difficult and beyond our current abilities, but not by much. If we actually master fusion and have a way to divert iceball asteroids to Mars, my bet would be Mars, although the difference in gravity poses unknown potential problems for human health. However, we first need to have autonomous robotic spacecraft to do all of the early grunt work and then it’s a lot of waiting for the atmosphere (on either) to become altered enough for habitability. You’ve likely already seen them, but Kurzgesagt has a interesting videos on both, although there are probably other pathways to terraforming Mars than the one they outline. They don’t go into great detail but provide humorous, digestible nuggets of information that give a great overview of the challenges, drawbacks and benefits of both. Cheers and happy holidays 🙂
ESA’s GAIA space mission can project where stars were in the distant past or far into the future.
Yeah, I love that mission.
Geonosis: Hubble discovered a star named Eryndale (I think that's how you spell it?) through a gravitational lens. It is the farthest observed star. JWST later verified that star. Was that star a Pop 3 star?
No, it still wasn't a Pop 3 star.
@@frasercain could it have been a pop 2 star?
about looking to the 'center' of the big bang. it ABSOLUTELY IS LESS a point in space and MORE a point in time.
and, so, with THAT in consideration ANY time youre looking back in time/considering the past; technically THAT ABSOLUTELY IS when youre looking toward the center of the big bang. with equal measure ANY time you are looking forward into the future, THAT ABSOLUTELY IS when youre looking into the direction the entire universe IS moving.
learn from the past but, ABSOLUTELY ALWAYS look to the future.
ABSOLUTELY.
FOR SURE.
Alderaan had me for one thinking the most. I call it the winner.
If the universe is constantly expanding how does anything ever collided with another object, ie. 2 black holes, neutron stars ect?
Corruscant. Asteroids can be a resource as well as a threat.
Until we have a means to interact with a star where it really is instantly, like opening a stargate to it, I think it doesn't really matter that it has moved.
Tatooine.
I will use this next time I need it. Yeah, those Dallas ducks ellipsoid ball team are infiltrated with aliens.
You mentioned JWTS. How is the time apportioned to the hundreds (or thousands?) of astronomers and other scientists who want to utilize the telescope? I've always been fascinated by who gets what! Is it politics, worthiness, or money crossing the palm? Thanks!
Great question concerning mankind accidentally transferring Earth life to Mars and possibly tainting situations. The big one for me though is if we accidentally bring something back to Earth we were not supposed to.
Thanks. It's certainly a concern, which is why any samples will be opened up in a protected facility.
If we mine asteroids and refine the on the moon to build infrastructure can we increase the mass/gravity of the satellite??
in the Kurzgesagt terraforming videos, they keep mentioning mass drivers for getting things off planet, these linear rails that curve upwards, just how feasible are they and are anyone/has anyone made any serious efforts to make one?
Dagobah I think it's fine where ever you decide to place to Patreon shoutout,
My question about the dark night . What time is sunrise tomorrow
Could we see another star’s Oort Cloud, and from there infer what ours is really like? 11:47
I don't want to vote for the question about advertising, but want to like your answer.. I appreciate your goals and think your approach is great. Thanks!
I have a friend who was into the flat earth belief. Maybe for many conspiracies ignoring is best, but I kind of think a gentle introduction to the scientific method and exploration of evidence could be useful.
Dark matter and dark energy aren’t needed when you understand that rate of time and the measure of distance are relative to the amount of matter in the vicinity. The speed of light literally depends on these variables of time and distance. As you observe a galaxy you are seeing differing rates of time and differing measures of distance. The result is that you are actually seeing differing speeds of light relative to where we are since the measures of time and distance are dependent on the amount of matter and gravity there is in the vicinity. (The speed of light isn’t actually changing, the measures of time and distance are changing *which effectively changes the speed of light as we observe it over great distances.)*
The result is that distance is greatly expanded (not expanding) where there is no matter between us and distant galaxies (causing redshift) eliminating the need for dark energy and the movement of the outer spiral arms of galaxies is at a faster rate of time causing them to move faster as we observe them eliminating the need for dark matter. This also means that plasma jets shooting out from the center of galaxies isn’t seven times the speed of light. It’s that the distance is expanded and the rate of time is faster the less matter there is in the vicinity.
There is no such thing as a nonsensical infinitely expanding universe and there is no such thing as imaginary invisible dark matter.
28:19 mambo jumbo. what if it is like it is universe just end and then blackness. what if earth moving light speed and all rest. we not see anything diff if all move lightspeed xD
If we were moving at light speed, we'd see stars turning blue in one direction and red in the opposite direction.
Dear Frazier Cain: Can you clarify that the Universe is over 40 bn yrs. old? Earandel is over 13 bn Ly away. And yet appears to be fully formed, much more massive than Our Galaxie but hosts alot of heavy metals, that are found in our stars. Which couldn't have been in the early solar system. If it was just 13 bn yrs old.
Vengo in aiuto sulla domanda di inquinamento spaziale . Attualmente 20 navi porta container inquinano quanto tutte le auto e motociclette circolanti ora 🤐
Q: How big of a moon could the Moon host? How massive, and how large an orbit? (before Earth destabilised it).
None. Lunar orbits are unstable, and any body in orbit will either crash or be ejected, on a time scale much shorter than geologic time.
You could have mentioned methane as a new fuel being used in rockets today, both SpaceX and Blue Origin. It has another advantage of having few or no particulates like kerosene does. And SpaceX has at least talked about generating methane from CO2, since they want to on Mars. Also, hydrogen isn't a perfect fuel because it is usually generated from fossil fuels today, and the leftover carbon released as carbon dioxide after combustion in the hydrogen-generation process.
An obnoxious question. How easier would it be to send asrtronoauts to Mars on a one way trip? We don't need things like insulation from cosmic radiation and don't need to carry too much fuel and water.
are there population 4 stars? or is 3 the last tier?
3 is the first tier, forming as soon as stars could first form.
So if the Ort Cloud is So far away why can the JWST see other stars and register their planet atmospheres? Aren't the other stars light years away when the Ort Cloud is only AUs away? I mean, which is further? I thought that light years were further away.
Stars are much further away but they emit their own light which we can use to detect what elements are present in planets atmospheres around those stars.
The Oort Cloud is much closer but also completely dark. There's nothing illuminating the objects within which makes them much, much harder to detect with a telescope.
Exegol, pretty rocks and ice.
I like to say that the big bang was more like an explosion OF TIME, than an explosion IN SPACE. Time is only a way of measuring what has occurred since the bang started expanding space.
There is space expanding between objects, so it's an expansion of space through time.
Alderaan . Thank You