Children In Space, Dark Forest, Mars Lava Tubes | Q&A 208
ฝัง
- เผยแพร่เมื่อ 20 มิ.ย. 2024
- What if two black holes with opposing spin merge? Can we use the Moon's L2 Lagrange point? How habitable are Mars's lava tubes? Can Starships compensate for satellite light pollution? All this and more in this week's episode Q&A with Fraser Cain.
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00:00 Start
01:09 [Tatooine] What if two black holes with opposing spin merge?
06:16 [Coruscant] When will the first person be born in space?
10:24 [Hoth] Can we use the Moon's L2 Lagrange point?
15:39 [Naboo] Can a captured planet lurk in the Oort cloud?
18:51 [Kamino] What about the dark forest hypothesis?
23:06 [Bespin] How habitable are Mars lava tubes?
27:15 [Mustafar] Can we use radars to identify asteroids?
29:36 [Alderaan] Can Starships compensate for satellite light pollution?
34:28 [Dagobah] Why does NASA never show us the spacecraft travelling in space?
38:18 [Yavin] Where would I time travel?
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You are free to use my work for any purpose you like, just mention me as the source and link back to this video. - วิทยาศาสตร์และเทคโนโลยี
Can I just say, I really appreciate the way you separate your videos into chapters. It means I can just jump in and go straight to the topic that piqued my interest. keep 'em coming. (It was Dark Forest Hypothesis today, in case anyone was wondering.)
@@devin8362 sshhh...
Throw in the STAR WARS word ..
Question: can we compensate for Elon Musk's APPALLING light pollution because he painted his early satellites in scintillating multi colours?
Answer: You mean, if Elon Musk wasn't quite such an A-hole? If Elon Musk had bothered to TALK TO PEOPLE before sending thousands of brightly-flashing objects into low Earth orbit and thereby destroying astronomy?
@@simonmultiverse6349 Man, wait until you hear about the light pollution coming from our _cities!_
Lol master butthurt liberal msm lapdog for sure just watches .
If you could find a lava tube on Mars that was 18 or 19 miles deep, would the pressure at that depth be equal the the pressure we experience on the surface of earth? If so you would only need and oxygen mask to breath and no pressure suit.
And the hot/cold cycle would be far less extreme. Interesting thought man. 👌
No, not even close, you cannot do that, simply because the column of air above you will just be a extended and slightly diluted analog of the normal air pressure at ground level. A far more sensible option would be to spray a polymer sealant on the inside of the lava tube to make it air tight, build a airlock, and there you have a huge cavern capable of sustaining an atmosphere !
@@ashleyobrien4937 That's what I did with my lava tube. It's been perfectly fine for years now. A few mirrors even gets some natural light almost to the bottom. 👍
@@jengleheimerschmitt7941 well done, great minds think alike....
Some estimates of the size of the Oort Cloud give distances of up to 200,000 AU (3.16 ly). If our star system isn't special, and we assume other star systems have Oort Clouds, wouldn't that mean our Oort Cloud intersects and overlaps with the Oort Cloud of Alpha Centari (4.37 ly)? Can we even say it is a Sol centered cloud at that point? Is the interstellar just medium filled with icy bodies?
the 'dark matter'
@@MrJashuaDavies that's been taken into account, and there is STILL more _stuff_ out there we can't see or interact with. There are some really in-depth articles and some interesting papers on this very subject that can be found on one of the many sites where peer-reviewed publications are available.
19:17 thank you for that pronunciation of Liu Cixin. What a great series of books.
His pronunciation was almost correct. "Ci" was not quite right. The "c" in Mandarin equates to "ts" and the vowel "i" sounds like the "ou" in "should". Then there's the added element of the tones. But I agree, that he did much better than most when attempting Mandarin names or words.
@@brentwalker3300 Thanks for that. I was struggling.
@@smeeself Hey, no problem. You did a good job. Mandarin is very tricky. I had the advantage of being a Mandarin linguist in the military and got my BA in it. Now you can google the pronunciation which is more than we had back in the day.
Tatooine...Frasier your a genius! I've read Stephen Hawking, always watch Dr. Becky, but have never heard black hole spin explained so succinctly. Keep up the good work, we're all counting on you.
his name is literally spelled below the title of the video, yet you managed to misspell it... this deserves serious credit
The thought of a lava tube habitat is intriguing, Bespin
I suffer with chronic pain often I don't get to sleep you've been a great friend of mine all of you who have helped create this content thank you for keeping me company
mad respect.
Fraser, your viewers have such great questions!
I love the passion fraser has in space ! He's so relaxing to watch and so informative and seems like an amazing person to be around his wife and children are very lucky 😊
Coruscant! Another great show, Fraser! can you elaborate a little more about why you think your children would "push the button" to travel into the future?
Kamino has it! I'm going to look into this book series.
I truly admire your continued dedication to this most valuable field. Please keep up the good work.
I have long thought that there must be absolutely HUGE lava tubes on Olympus Mons.
We will mine and have a secure base in there if we don’t already . Just needs to be profit
100% Agree about the Revelation Space series, in fact all of Alistair Reynolds is pretty brilliant.
Bespin - definitely was time for a refresher on lava tubes.
I vote Bespin, this time around. It's a fascinating idea that I've thought about for a long time, in fact! Thanks, Fraser, for all you do!
❤️❤️
Hey Fraser,
If gravitational lensing allows us to view an event (like a supernova) multiple times via telescope, are the gravitational waves produced from this event also distorted (lensed?) in the same manner? Could a gravitational-wave observatory measure a supernova multiple times?
Thanks!
Supernovas do not generate significant gravitational waves as they are created by a mass rotating around another. A supernova is merely a single mass expanding outward which doesn't change the amount of gravity that mass has, only it's density. Same reason an earth mass black hole and the Earth have the same gravity from outside a certain limit.
When we do return to the Moon there should be cameras mounted to show forwards and backwards views simultaneously. Also a tethered "sky cam" showing the actual landing! It may seem ridiculous but humans have a need to SEE things....
Carl Sagan had to argue that Voyager 1's _Pale Blue Dot_ picture didn't _need_ scientific merit to be a worthwhile picture.
It's the furthest-out picture we have of Earth, (less than one pixel) and shows how important our lifeboat is in the vastness of space.
Great vid, thank you Fraser and Universe Today
Mustafar thanks for answering !
Yavin. You're admirably optimistic... I'd be terrified of stepping out onto a lifeless Mars- or Venus-like version of Earth, completely ruined.
Meh... You should see my back yard.
Sadly our future generations will have to live on a ruined earth. We're already consuming 175% of what earth can resupply year on year due to population growth, since only 1970.. and that's exponential.
The endless idea of tech seeing trees on other planets is more than optimist
@@LeNomEstYves That's not exponential
@@smeeself Uhh... Yeah it is..
The Bespin discussion was great. I would love to see a probe to check out the tubes on the Moon.
Thank you team that bring this to us
HOTH. Lagrange Points question FTW.
Hoth! i would love to see a huge telescope using earth-moon lagrange points!!!
Best total group of questions EVER
Coruscant
It's not a colony until there are kids there. Until that point, it's just a desolate research station.
Thank you for Fraser I've been listening for about five years
Hey Fraser
can you explain (probably again) why everything (almost) in space ends up spinning?
Kamino, thanks for the heads up on the book,,,
Thanks a lot for the video.
Great show!
We've measured lunar openings that are close to comfortable room temperature. Could you discuss in detail why that temperature shouldn't be headline making shocking?
Yavin
This is one of the best party conversation starter question that I like to use
*Question Mr. Cain:*
I understand the premise of a black hole. I also know any scientific understanding of the events inside of it are best guesses based on research and assumptions made by people far smarter than I am. But, if the alleged singularity is a single point, how does a black hole increase in size as more matter is consumed by it if everything is pressing down to this single point? Additionally, what is the difference between the inner and outer event horizon? Thank you so much, I look forward to all the content you put out!
the singularity does not grow, or... it might and we dont know. its just the event horizon that grows similar to a roche limit on a star.
Kamino!! Dark Forest is always a fantastic thought experiment
You had me at pricing "externalities".
Hi Fraser. Thanks for all the q&a shows. I was wondering, why didn't we send a(nother) Mars mission to the poles? it seems a logical option to investigate water ice for life
Great show.
Futurology gets really concrete here, that's refreshing.
To figure out how the future is going to look, Mr. Cain might make progress if he compares the geography of the Roman empire to the one of the entire Earth. Someone or something has shaped major parts of the Mediterranean like smaller anticipations of the major geographic set-scenes of this planet. North America is shaped like a broadened Italian boot, South America much like Sicily, the Indian subcontinent much like the Iberian peninsula, the Mediterranean Sea (as a whole) resembling the Gulf of Corinth, Africa the Peloponnese, Java Crete, Indonesia north of Java the Aegean island world north of Crete, and Australia Cyprus.
This parallel must let you guess that mankind will survive in the Solar System still for quite a while; a power able to produce it should also have the capacity to ensure such a survival.
Moreover, you also can extrapolate from that parallel into predictions on similarly enlarged repetitions of the other big realms of the time of the ancient Romans on others of the rocky planets of our star.
And of course, you'll presume that other stars have planets which in a similar way are affected by such form-giving influences.
You seem like a good man Frasier. Thank you.
Hi Fraser, one of your best! Mel from Sydney
I vote for Coruscant. Whelp, looks like our best bet for colonization is still cloud babies of Venus! How hard would it be to reach orbit with a spacecraft that has landed on the Venusian surface?
Depressingly hard. 😔
Bespin- It’s not LAviosa, it’s laviosA!
Aside from the important counterexamples you listed, the "why don't we have (more) images of spacecraft in space" has a simple answer: That's not the science mission! We already know what our spacecraft look like from when Boeing or Lockheed built them in clean rooms. They are sent to make observations and send back data to answer open questions in planetary science and astronomy and so on. "Proving" that they did what everyone working on the project already knows they did is not a priority.
Dear Fraser, I always watch your videos: you are very passionate about astronomy and the topics you talk about are always very interesting. There's just one small thing that could be improved in my opinion: the explosions of air on your microphone, in some videos more than others. You may want to move your microphone slightly on the side, or buy a pop-filter, or both: there are different ways to avoid plosive sounds to boom on the microphone while mantaining an excellent audio. I hope this helps. Thank you again for your excellent videos.
Coruscant - thank you!
Hey Fraser, Have we found a planet, in the green zone, that has a somewhat examinable atmosphere & magnetic field? or is that what we are trying to use the JWT for?
I just read the wiki of Revelation Space and if I understand its solution to the FP correctly, it reminds me of what Life probably does once it emerges and establishes itself on any habitable body, i.e., it stops a second emergence and nips potential competitors in the bud before they even gain the properties of life--that's hardcore lol
Yep. And I worked real hard so a feral cat would adopt us. I'm hoping humanity has some Tymbrimi Galactic species to help us. And I'm concerned we've already been quietly adopted or domesticated by a bad species, without our being aware.
Brain Slugs for emperor, 2023.
heh, more Lagrange questions! and I thought I was the space troll in the family.
A thought comes to mind. I believe you will agree that all of us should encourage kids to ask good questions. Is there a poster or something similar that can be sent to a youngster, if you pick their question as the winner?
38:55 to 39:16
Who's job will it be to go out and polish that building every day?
Dagobah. I remember using a webpage around 1997 to find Mir overhead of Fairbanks.
Bespin. Cool fact: Although the USGS now maps 1000+ “candidate” caves on Mars, some of the earliest cave discoveries were made by 7th graders participating in a Mars Odyssey STEM program.
Was there any further updates or follow up research on the muon g-2 experimenters?
with the tech, we have today or soon including SpaceX starship, inflatable habitats, portable nuclear reactors, ion thrusters, and so on. what would or is stopping us from building large habitable ships to explore our solar system and beyond?
A question occurred to me regarding the far side of the moon. Would it be useful for making an array of telescopes, similar to the Event Horizon telescope, but for shorter wavelengths such as visible light? This could be the ultimate space telescope, with much higher effective resolution than a single telescope like JWST, since the moon has no atmosphere. It seems a little more realistic to me than some of the other ideas I've heard.
It's just $$$s
All radio SETI should be moved out there first.
Every potential signal recieved must first be vetted against ALL the radio noise generated here on Earth, and from our swarm of radio loud satellites, some of which are secret and classified.
All that noise would stop real quick on the lunar farside.
Reynolds books are awesome!
Coruscant. I feel like the sci-fi show The Expance demonstrates some of these potential problems with the group The Belters
Coruscant, encapsulates what we need to understand beyond rocket technology if humanity is to progress to the stars.
Tatooine: at the heat death of the universe, we'll all be huddled around a black hole to harvest the last viable source of energy.
Yavin. Great show as always 🙂
Love your content. Based on current theories and data, which will we figure out first - dark matter or dark energy?
"Will humanity still exist?"
Traveling to the future and finding that humanity is extinct would be kind of a bummer. I'm sure the cat civilization that inevitably replaced us would take good care of us, though, once we demonstrated our proficiency at scratching behind ears. We might well end up being the most popular pets.
Regarding lava tubes: Long term they'll be the cat's meow. "Tricky" & "difficult" just represent another challenge - just like everything else about space travel. If ya wanna play - ya gotta pay, one way or another.
Hi Frazer, I like your podcasts. I have been wondering, now that the first orbital flight of the SpaceX StarShip is coming up, and I hear that the flight path is somewhat due east from Boca Chica. So, will people in Central Florida be able to see any part of the launch sequence?
Question. You talked about planet 9 and the wise telescope search. could it be that this object / planet is on such an elliptical slow orbit that when wise was looking for it it just happened to be very far away and it would take 100s of years to come back with in the range of a telescope like wise?
One thing you got, I'm pretty sure, wrong on Dagoba was that the camera that watched Apollo 17 launch was not automated. That was hand flown from Earth and it was a hellish undertaking of anticipating the motion of the ascent stage from the calls and the known comms delays. It's quite an incredible thing and I think it wasn't the first time they tried it. I think it took a few goes to get the space craft in the shot, and there weren't many available. I think it was only the last two or three where they had that camera
Dagohbah: some people just want starship flyby's like in Trek 💜💜
Hey Fraser! I was trying to get my 6 year old kiddo interested in space and looking at the night sky. We identified Venus and I showed her how the stars travel one way across the sky and the planets go the opposite direction. But I'm very curious how you would get kids interested in space? We love watching your videos, thank you for everything.
Up Here!
That's my vote.
Hi Fraser, please Help!
I don't understand why the 'crisis in cosmology' is a thing. (i.e. Hubble constant measurements, from various methods, not being within margin of error of each other)
Wouldn't the expansion rate measured in the farthest and oldest light we can ever observe naturally be lower than the expansion rate measured in the space almost incomparably 'closer' to us? (i.e. CMB data vs. Supernova data)
The rate of expansion of the universe has overall increased over time; this is consensus I believe. Vales measured should at least be *different* to one another.
This all may be an oversimplification... Love your content-watch every interview (people really should watch those...)
Check out Blindsight by Peter Watts, without spoilers, it goes into the whole game theory aspect of first contact and the Fermi Paradox.
First, I want to say thank you for these great videos. I have a habit of creating playlists with your content, Anton Petrov, Joe Scott, Isac Arthur. and PBS Space Time. Which brings me to a question I formed while listening to Antons Jan 24th video. The incredibly massive baby star, Mir 2. I was curious if the secondary structure that they have spotted due to the magnetic fields, could be the early stages of another star forming a binary system with Mir 2. I am not sure on the distances between these structures, or on any current theories on binary systems. So, the long and the short of it is, can you provide any information or thoughts on this?
9:45 and thats how belters were born lol
I was wondering with the DART mission that passed how much time we would’ve needed to deflect the Chicxulub asteroid if we sent a ship that was 10 or 100 times as dense and if the asteroid was similarly composed as dimorphos.
Thanks for the great content. Keep it up.
P.S. I could be way off with 10 or 100 times more dense being reasonable. I feel like Zoolander saying “the building needs to be at least three times bigger than this”
Could JWST be used to search for planet 9, what could the telescope contribute to that endeavour?
Kamino! Revelation space! I can't wait for you to get to Inhibitor Phase! They really live on a barren world hiding from the machines as best they can. Also Mass Effect, big fan.
Whats the best place to do it? It’s our anniversary today so I figured since you brought it up I might as well ask
Cool 😎 👍
Re: children in space: think of it this way: we, along with the rest of complex life, have been exquisitely tuned to 1G over billions of years of evolution.
This is why I have become a strong advocate for building giant, rotating, toroid stations that sit in orbit around the low-g theaters we want to operate in. We should have the stations in-place before we even set foot on Martian soil.
Hi Fraser
The Hoth question got me thinking about this...
How far off (ie- how many years/ decades/ etc) do you think it will be, before we are technologically capable of:
Sending Space-Telescope-One to L-4 as well as sending Space-Telescope-Teo to L-5 and then using a third telescope, either on earth, or in earth orbit and using the three telescopes to form one truly massive interferometer?
I suppose the Earth-Moon Lagrange points would be easier, so we'd be capable sooner, but the Earth-Sun Lagrange points would be MUCH farther apart, giving us a vastly more powerful interferometer, but taking longer before we're technologically capable...
In any case, how long do you think (best guess) it might be before humanity is capable of making such an interferometer-telescope?
Is there really any difference between a 6" and a 8" telescope? Because the 6" is a lot cheaper. All I want to do is look at the planets.
Hi Frazier. Love the show.
I've been trying to understand the "co moving" reference frame. How is a distant galaxy moving away from us if it is just drifting around in it's local space? How does a distant galaxy in the opposite direction see us moving away when the first galaxy sees us moving in the opposite direction?
Expansion seems to demand real velocities in every direction. Please help me to understand this concept.
I think you answered your own question there. I believe its expanding in all directions
When looking out to distant space we see gravitational lenses around stars, galaxies & galaxy clusters... how do we compensate for looking out through all of those? Is approaching the great attractor changing our lensing perspective?
Great job Fraser - question: Does gravity affect the expansion of the universe?
Answer: You hit the nail on the head. My idea? The Universe is expanding BECAUSE of Gravity. It is the weakest 'force' _because it leaks into multiverses_ pulling on all of them a little. AND THEY ARE ALL PULLING ON US, FROM EVERY DIMENSIONAL 'DIRECTION'. So we EXPAND in every direction. Further, there are more multiverses being born all the time, pulling on us even more, so our expansion is ever accelerating.
@@WoodysAR I like your thinking, certainly plausible 👍
36:48 Apollo takeoff: I beleive an operator on the ground was controlling the camera taking into account the lightspeed delay. He had to time the movement of the camera to keep the ascent module in the frame 2 seconds in advance. Quite an accomplishment.
“It's tough to make predictions, especially about the future.” ― Yogi Berra
He was a gem . 😃
jeah, the L3L4L5_RadioInterferometer is a superb idea! Aso, I would like to have a seismometer network installed, spanning the whole surface of the moon; before any continuous human activity (US-Station, Chinese-Station, Russian-Station...) is established. And maybe an experiment to most precisely measure the gravitational constant, Newton's constant ( big G; which is so difficult on Earth, because of the many disturbances )?
+1 vote Bespin.
My question is more of a request... Can you invite Alastair Reynolds to come and chat with you, please? His entire catalogue is just brimming with incredible ideas
Hah, let me see what I can do.
What are the odds black holes are actually the point where the poly exclusion principle breaks and matter gets smashed into the point where it becomes a field while maintaining the nature of gravitational pull? I think it could also explain why blazers are so powerful as it could be the literal snapping of matter field lines pushing the contents of the field back out into space as typical matter we know of.
My Question is about the crisis in cosmology, specifically about the accuracy of standard candles. seems to me that the brightness of something can only be as accurate as whats measuring it. why are we so certain of that method of measuring distances with that method?
Mustafar: me and my daughter visited El Radar when I should have been working. She was 14 and bored. She loved the McDonald's in San Juan, near El Morro. The kids that worked there had a good time with the gringo's! 2007 love you sweet girl!
Big time yavin :D
That hit very close to home. I wanna see what happens. Preferably life through it by means of live extension instead of just waking up in the future but yeah i wanna see what happens. I'm not tooooo old yet so still holding out hope that i might :D
Tatoine...really enjoyed this.
If you placed an object directly after earths Lagrange point and let it free fall, what speed it will reach and is there a terminal velocity for this situation?
Fraser, so regarding lava tubes on Mars, how deep do you think they could go do you think it could be possible to find liquid water and potential life in the depths under places like Olympus Mons?
I keep imagining that it's possible that deep beneath the surface of Mars, there are possibly underground seas filled with bizarre alien life (how cool would that be ;?).
If Starship was used to launch space telescopes, they'd probably be WAAAAAYYYY cheaper since you wouldn't have to go to such incredible lengths to make them fold up like complex origami (James Webb being the latest example). Plus the expense of launching them will also be waaaaayyyy cheaper and also much better because they can be larger by an order of magnitude.
What would be our local and extended space equivalent to the Great Loop? (sailboat/spacecraft adventure)
Question: can the quantum eraser experiment be used to explain the discrepancy within the Hubble constant? If we are using the observation of light to determine the age of the universe should we not expect those photons to have previously behaved like a particle that can be subject to forces like gravity causing it to bend?