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- เผยแพร่เมื่อ 31 พ.ค. 2024
- Photosynthesis is an immense, mind-blowing process. This video covers the complex that starts it off: Photosystem II.
This video provides a solid introduction to photosystem II and photosynthesis, but can't hit all the important details. Corrections, clarifications and sources are here: bit.ly/clockworkep3
Sources are cited in this ever-growing twitter thread: bit.ly/psiisources
This channel is created with the support of all our patrons on Patreon: / clockworkshow
Support the channel directly with a one time donation: www.paypal.me/clockworkshow
This channel is dedicated to sparking your curiosity about biochemistry, not to being a definitive resource. To help you continue you biochem journey, I'm really excited to partner with Biocord , a Discord server dedicated to bringing together biologists from around the globe! Join the conversation with over a thousand life sciences professionals and enthusiasts here:- / discord
All music is by Jeremy Blake( / redmeansrecording , released on the TH-cam Audio Library.
Intro music: Let's Go Home (bit.ly/rmrlgh)
Outro music: Lost and Found (bit.ly/rmrlnf)
The style of this video was largely developed based on tutorials by Ben Marriot: (bit.ly/posterizethis)
Learn more about photsystem II in my post on the subject here: bit.ly/clockworkep3
In this photosystem 2 animation, we break down the start of the light reactions of photosynthesis and discover what powers all life on Earth. That is no exaggeration. This initial capture of sunlight by plants is the first step in every singe food chain on Earth. 100% of the food you eat started off somewhere as sunlight. That is no exaggeration. You are powered by the sun--just with a few steps in between.
![[TH] VCT Masters Shanghai Playoffs DAY 2 // PRX vs G2 | EDG vs TH](http://i.ytimg.com/vi/T5j2XVcDFs0/mqdefault.jpg)
Hello from Montreal! 🇨🇦 Keep going! Your vids are excellent.🌟
3:12 Lumen: “the inner light”
Not only pass by: if you’re having salad you’re eating those indeed amazing PS2 machines.
Taxonomy and toponymy and terminology is like a game. It’s never logical. Like the generation of stars, Gen I are the youngest, Gen III are the first stars that appeared...
But renaming would be even more confusing. You use any hook, and the sillier the better.
Famous one for classifying stars: “Oh Be A Fine Guy/Gal Kiss Me.”
That’s what I did in my pharmacy tech classes to help me memorize 600+ meds!
Hello from Alaska 😊
why is your channel so criminally underappreciated
because most people like that strange name-in a nutshel channel
This is the photosynthesis video I’ve always wanted 😍
Well that means the world to me! Especially considering that I never would have figured out to resolve a model of the OEC or any of the reaction center without your active site tutorial for pymol! Those videos took me all the way from "fetch 1S5L" to this final 2d explainer!
I don’t usually comment but I just wanted to say that your explanation at the end honestly made me emotional. I majored in biochem because I knew it would be useful for other things I’m interested in, but the way you connected it to how everything in the world goes together so perfectly was brilliant, and I’m so glad I can see it that way now. Sending you and your channel lots of love and support
You made this comment during a time when I was working myself to death animating my ATP synthase video. I basically collapsed after that video--but I'm finally back to actually hanging out with people in comments. All I want to say is how much I treasure this comment--and how important it is to me that I helped you make that connection. Forgive me for the delay here.
Yeah, he sums up the importance at the end and adds the science.
I added the first three videos in this playlist to emphasize that importance, that's it's way way more significant than "just breathing oxygen", it's everything we know because plants are primary consumers.
th-cam.com/play/PLgRoK-eyLjok8nAxTUy5IuKb_c3Qefwsv.html&si=j_ImGFHJgzw8jb4W
@@whatabouttheearthgreat list thank you for creating it!
Lumen. Pronounced, “loo-men”. There is a “in” sound at the end of word, so you can use that to remember that the Lumen is IN. By default that makes the Stroma have to be the outside.
I HAVE BEEN WAITING * MONTHS* FOR THIS COMMENT! That makes so much sense--thank you so much!
This Glorious Clockwork haha! I have a terrible memory so I HAVE to come up with pneumonic/memory devices for everything. I am going to study biology my first year in the fall and just found your channel. Keep up the great work!
It's just like how a concave shape has a part of it caved in.
Loom-in and Strom-out. Nice!
You can actually make chlorophyll lase if a jet of it is pumped through focused sunlight. It lases at 730nm to 680nm in the red.
Every video you do is incredible. I'm a computer scientist by trade, but seeing your work and the way you link this amazing machinery back to the incredible world we live in makes me want to go study biochemistry. It just fills me with goosebumps thinking about it. I'm here for this journey!!
I think it's criminal that you don't have at least 10x the number of subscribers (and at least 100x for views).
I need to better serve the scientific community, and I pull that off by making the jump from 2d to 3d so I can better train the next generation of true biochemists. Im almost done my training. Stay tuned
@@Clockworkbio That sounds promising! Really looking forward to it!
Hi from London. Just wanted to say thank-you for your work. There is a lot to learn and go back to, but as you say 'that's part of the fun'. I have zero knowledge of biochemistry but this seems to be changing a little thanks to your videos. I always like the philosophy bit at the end, it brings the whole thing together in a nice light (no pun intended) Please continue.
13:17 Photosynthesis is truly amazing its nature's version of quantum tunneling. The hole process is mind blowing.
Thank you for making the super-complex mechanism so clear!
However, I have a difficulty understanding the part at 12:26 , where you say, "It takes four charges of photon energy to turn FOUR water molecules into a SINGLE oxygen ATOM, four protons and four energized electrons".
If it's hydrogen protons you're referring to here, the way you describe the process, it has to be two water molecules, not four, either with resulting two single oxygen ATOMS or a single oxygen MOLECULE.
Am I missing something or was it just a slip of the tongue on your part?
Beautiful Words. Our chemical machinery seems like magic, it's not magic, your illustrations help drive understanding. Thank you!!
absolutely goated. i love everything about this channel
I just finished a semester of biology in college and this video went over exactly we went over. Im glad to see such enthusiasm for science posted on youtube. Grear work!
Fantastic explanation. Thank you.
Underrated channel!
This channel is brilliant!!
This is an amazing video and the way you are making these videos, it is going to be a great channel. Loved the fact that you put the effect of PSII in the perspective of the 'taming' of the earth. You just won a subscriber here
Oh damn, what a great video. I was hooked after the Short and I thought “no way I’ll sit through all the chemistry” but it was SO INTERESTING!
What an amazing summary of a complicated topic! Very comprehensive and yet very eaasily digestible. Kudos!
Great video, I was looking for something a little more in depth and specific and couldn't find it, and expected that if I did it would be a typical dull and monotone or hard to process video. NOPE! Your tempo, rhythm and tone are perfect for me to mentally process (and your mic doesn't suck). Thanks.
I love what your doing. I found your channel via the biocord and you style of teaching in a way that is fun and interesting got you a new sub
Wow, one of the most interesting channels and really well animated. Got yourself a new sub.
New sub. I’m in med school but have a BS & MS in biochem and it’s nice to revisit these topics without cracking up an old text; plant biochemistry was always fascinating to me. Great video! Looking forward to more.
This was incredible, great job on this one man
What a gold mine of a channel!!
This is perfect, just what I need for revision, thank you!
Awesome. Simply awesome.
ClockWork your videos are amazing! Why TH-cam show me this gems so late?
Long form takes time in the system! TH-cam waited until I announced season 2 was a month away to start pushing these videos. See you with fresh vids in June!
I kept looking for Photosystem I !!!
But ooooooh yea what an experience this was! Thank you!
Great video! Concise and appropriate synthesized explanation. Can’t wait for more videos on photosynthesis!!
I miiiiiiight take a breather from Photosynthesis for the next video and do something on Mitochondria instead. But DEFINITELY getting a full playlist together soon!
@@Clockworkbio No worries, look forward to your next video regardless!!
I was searching for an answer to my question in photosynthesis for months, I have never seen such a great explanation ever before this is so great thank you so much and btw I am not able to find part two and three
Muy interesante... Excelente representación
This channel is delivering the most understandable versions of these hard science topics. Hope to see more soon. ❤️
You brought that like a love story,... about nature.
Hello from Russia, your videos are interesting and informative, l'm PhD student in biotechnology sphere, but it's still important to see things from different points of view. Thanks
Bless you
Even Archaeobacterias take energy from the sun, but very, very less direct compared to the usual ones.
Thanks for the great video!
EDIT: Seeing S2 - S3 gave me a lot of anxiety about those free floating oxygen atoms but I guess S4 resolves everything. It's like a composition that resolves in 4 movements. Pretty thrilling.
Also that's basically a laser.
Thanks for your work )
This is so exciting.
Спасибо за познавательное видео!
these videos are so cool
I really like your explanation and the content, as I can practice not only the Biochemistry, but English language too.
I just study at school, but I'm really into such topics)))
P.S. Thank you for the creating of this channel.
Thank YOU
No, Thank YOU
"I know it's weird that Photosynthesis started with the 2nd Photosystem, but it's only called that because it was discovered after Photosystem I."
You know how invalidating that statement is for the generation that grew up with the Playstation 2?
Heh that was a terrible quip. This video made more sense than the paragraph explaining this in my high school biology book. That's good enough for me!
Thanks for video! go ahead
Good one
Excellent video! It takes a lot of talent and hard work to condense such a complicated topic into a digestible TH-cam video. The only thing I would add to the conversation is that the production of oxygen was not universally beneficial. The evolution of photosynthesis changed the redox balance of the entire planet and stripped the oceans of their aqueous iron. Had the mitochondria not evolved to utilize molecular oxygen at the end of the electron transport chain, photosynthesis could have ended life on Earth!
Yes! Oxygen is so energetic it is also highly toxic. We only love it because our bodies were able to harness it.
Super Saiyen reference was epic
Thanks
Im not sure if your animation of electrons moving to P680 was accurate. If I remember correctly, the electrons are not jumping from pigment to pigment, but are doing something much more interesting. The electrons are staying in their respective pigments, but are transfering energy to other pigments via "Förster resonance energy transfer". As a Biochem student, it is something I have never heard about other than in PSII, so take this with a grain of salt.
Yea friend, I've been dropping DEEP in a research hole trying to understand that and make a follow-up video that explains that better. Turns out it's a bad idea to use papers from 2003 as your primary source -_-
BUT--at the very least, it's giving me an opportunity to talk about some wild science in a follow-up video! The physics here is genuinely brain-melting.
awesome!
The author - please do not stop making videos. Though it is not so popular now - you will have fame among ancestors!... some of them are those being inspired of these videos =)
Awesome video, you got a new sub! I do have a question, though. At 12:30, you said: "It takes 4 charges of photon energy to turn 4 water molecules into a single oxygen atom, 4 protons, and 4 energized electrons." Wouldn't the yield be 1 oxygen _molecule_ , 4 protons, and 4 energized electrons, as outlined at 4:07?
I believe it also takes 2 water molecules. Each water molecule loses 2 electrons (e-) and 2 hydrogen atoms (H+), leaving behind the oxygen atom, which pairs with the other water molecule's oxygen atom to make a single O2 molecule.
So shouldn't that line at 12:30 be:
"It takes 4 charges of photon energy to turn 2 water molecules into a single oxygen molecule, 4 protons, and 4 energized electrons."
I thought this video was amazing, and I am only trying to help. It's a lot to keep track of! :-)
Yea, and the insane part is that the line is written exactly like that in the script. I must have flipped the numbers while reading it. And then missed it during editing. And then missed it AGAIN during my final review. It's amazing the stuff you gloss over. Thanks for pointing this out and making it more accurate for people trying to use this to study! Y'all rule!
This is completely wild. Plants provide our food, and our air. They make everything that makes us who we are.
Don't forget cyanobacteria! The foundations of our biosphere are vast and incredibly diverse!
Discovered this channel recently, and darn it, I've been tricked into learning things! :)
Well dang if I don't love tricking people!
i am incredibly excited to watch every video on this channel. im so autistic about biochemistry.
before other autistic ppl accidentally misinterpret my statement as negative i want to mention that i am autistic and that what i said was intended to be read in a positive tone.
These videos also rub my autistic side really Well 😊
Photosynthesis is an immense, mind-blowing process. This video covers the complex that starts it off: Photosystem II.
Super!!! +500!! 👍
Stroma like a stroll outside and lumen like the inside of a light
Why u stopped making videos? 😢
Dope
How about: Stroma like a stobe light and Lumen where light accumulates
Great video. I never understood the climate narrative focusing so largely on Co2 as the main issue as opposed to other types of pollution and waste like deforestation, sulfur dioxide, plastic, so forth. Since of course Co2 is exactly what plants use to create energy and therefore structure. Does it not make sense that an increase in co2 would also cause increase in plant life?
Any chance melanin could be doing the same, given that it hangs out around mitochondria where such protons would be quite useful, and nobody has figured out the structure of melanin yet?
Stroma- Ma is outside ensuring the men (Lumen) stay inside the home.
It is incorrect to use the expression "hydrogen proton" (9:59). In Russian there is an expression "масло масляное (maslo maslyanoye)", which literally translates "buttery butter". It is used as an example of taftology, which, in fact, is the expression "hydrogen proton"
It is customary to use either the designation "hydrogen cation" or just "proton", because, as explained further, a hydrogen atom is one proton and one electron, respectively, in the absence of the latter, only a proton remains.
"100% energy comes from the Sun"
The entire Milky Way 🌌: I guess i don't have any more stars then
10:33 Ah yes, p680+ going *Super Saiyan* 😂😂😂
Stroma for stove-top (top :: outside); lumen for inside.
So this means most the water on earth surface are not old but being renewed everytime.
This is like if a less nasally Action Lab was Be Smart. I promise I mean that as a compliment
Hello I actually love you
Have people attempted to create artificial molecules or mutating pieces of this process to increase solar energy capture? e.g., making the antennae longer or increasing the absorbable spectrum?
In stride and out slide genious😂❤😅😊
I have no prior knowledge of the Kok's cycle and this video prompted me to look into it a bit deeper. I found from this 2018 article (www.nature.com/articles/s41586-018-0681-2?WT.feed_name=subjects_photosynthesis#:~:text=Inspired%20by%20the%20period-four,clock%20or%20cycle1%2C2) that there are transient states between S2 to S3 wherein a new H2O molecule binds to the Manganese-Calcium cluster. So, in actuality, the cluster is not empty, eveb when the final electron is ejected in S4 . That is, if I interpreted the conclusions of the study correctly.
Hope you do more vids as great as this one! Big thanks!
That IS correct! And it was genuinely infuriating on my end to realize that I was using such an outdated model of the Kok cycle the day before I published! You can use my visualization as a foundation, but then drill down into papers like this: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6763417/
Now, one thing this paper goes into is that we're still fuzzy on the exact configuration of S-4, but at the very least you're going to get a way higher res view of S-0 through S-3 here. This research shows how the Kok Cycle is way more of a 'cycle' and way less of an 'event.' Use my representation as a foundation, and then level up into this understanding. Thanks for pointing this out! You have no idea how much joy it brings me that I made something that inspired you to look into it more. That is 100% why I work as hard as I do to make these videos accessible. It's all about giving people the energy and focus they need to dig deep into the real science!
And here we are, thriving and gaming on PS5
this guy sounds like Cody from Some More News
Chemo osmosis by Peter Mitchel I had this in my bio class XD
I mean, didn't we all? lol
Lumen-Lumin
Stroma -- storm out!... stromout!
Plants are pretty cool
No Dave, YOU'RE pretty cool.
@@Clockworkbio won't argue with you on this one
These videos are great, right until the end when we hear the "magic of evolution happen". Silly me, I always forget we're the center of the universe and life began on Earth.
A mnemonic device for lumen and stroma :
LumIN
StromOUT
Right so plants literally have antennae to catch light waves the same way we use radio antennae to catch radio waves....
Biochem is literally just nano mechatronics
No you're where the really cool stuff is
Not all life on Earth depends on sunlight, there are also chemotrophs who feed on the Earth's internal energy reserves
An other evidence that graphics peaked with PS 2.
Lumen is where the light happens （＾▿＾）
Scrotum i mean stroma is where the sun don't shine
budget mat pat
Interesting calling a process that is horrendous inefficient miraculous. Photosynthesis have an efficiency of about 1%. Crop plants push it to 2%. Photovoltaic installations have an efficiency of about 20 to 25%.
You left out the part where the oxygen killed off most of the existing microbial life on earth.
Can we genetically engineer chloroplasts to live in our skin cells? So I could just go sit out on the lawn for lunch?
I know, it's not easy being green.
Might have to give up the hair in favor of skin folds for more surface area
الله
Damn I Skipped the Biochemistry path..
Lumen - Lum IN
Stroma - Strom OUT
WHY DID I NOT THINK ABOUT THIS ONE???