Class (17) = Chemical Evaluation of Drug | Quality Control of Drugs of Natural Origin (Part 03)

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1. Playlist Pharmacognosy lecture Videos Unit 1
• Class (08) = Natural S...
2. Quality control of Drug Part 2 studio.youtube...
3. Quality control of Drug Part 1 studio.youtube...
4. Qualitative test for Alkaloid
• Phytochemical Test for...
5. Foam test for Saponin
• Saponin Foam Test | Sa...
6. Qualitative test fro Tannin
• Phytochemical Test for...
7. Qualitative test for Flavonoid
• Phytochemical Test for...
Evaluation of drug means confirmation of its identity and determination of its quality and Purity of drug
Methods of drug Evaluation
1. Organoleptic/Morphological method 2. Microscopic method 3. Physical evaluation
4. Chemical evaluation 5. Biological evaluation
4. Chemical evaluation. A number of chemical methods are used to evaluate of main constant of drugs and include:
1. Qualitative chemical tests
2. Quantitative chemical method
3. Chemical Assay
4. Instrumental Analysis
1) Qualitative chemical tests: Determination of active constituents in a drug by chemical process is referred to as chemical evaluation.
(a) Test for alkaloids: i. Mayer test: ii. Hagar Test iii. Dragendorff’s test iv. Wagner
(b) Test for glycosides:
(i) Tests for saponin glycosides: a. Foam test: b. Haemolytic test:
(ii) Test for anthraquinone glycoside: Borntranger’s Test:
(iii) Chemical tests for cardiac glycosides: a. Raymond’s test: b. Legal test: c. Killer killiani test: d. Baljet test: e. Kedde test:
(c) Tests for tannins: i. Gelatin test: ii. Goldbeater’s skin test:
(d) Test for carbohydrate: i. Molish test: ii. Fehling Test: iii. Benedict test: iv. Iodine test:
(e) Test for Phytosterol: i. Salkowski test: ii. Liebermann Burchard test:
(f) Test for proteins: i. Biuret test:
2. Quantitative chemical methods of Evaluation:
Quantitative physiochemical constants like acid value, iodine value, acetyl value, hydroxyl value and Saponification value, etc. are employed for fixed oil and fats.
(i) Acid value: The acid value is the number of mg of potassium hydroxide required to neutralize the free acid in 1 g of the substance. Example: (i) Yellow bees wax: 5- 8 (ii) Castor oil: not more than 2
(ii) Saponification value: The Saponification value is the number of mg of potassium hydroxide required to neutralize the fatty acid, resulting from the complete hydrolysis of 1 g of the oil or fat. Example: Linseed oil: 188-196
(iii) Iodine value: The iodine value is the number, which expresses in grams the quantity of Iodine, which is absorbed by 100 g of the substance. Example: Olive oil: 79- 88
3. Chemical Assay
Approximate value of total phytoconstituent in a crude drug. Example Total alkaloid in belladonna leaf, Total vitamin in cod liver oil, Strychnine in Nuxvomica
4. Instrumental Analysis
Analysis of chemical group of phytoconstituent in by Chromatographic (TLC, HPTLC, HPLC, GC) and Spectroscopic method (IR, NMR, MS, UV-Visible spectroscopy).
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