Support us and get 40% off Nebula: go.nebula.tv/the-great-war Watch 16 Days in Berlin on Nebula: nebula.tv/videos/16-days-in-berlin-01-prologue-the-beginning-of-the-end?ref=the-great-war
Simply; * Create an Insurgency against Ottoman empire * Arm them * Make promises * Do not keep your promises * Gather all the resources * Leave the people desperate * Fight against rebellion for a century *clap clap*
The random lines were mostly going through deserts, no? I feel like they get overemphasized online and detract from the fact that these were harsh, uncaring governments intending to exploit the population, imposed by countries half-way across the world.
@@viliussmproductions No, "random lines' did not go through mostly deserts. These mostly ran through populated areas. The Europeans /deliberately/ would draw in various ethnic communities including those where there were conflicts into the countries they made. Lebanon and Palestine are great examples. Doing this served multiple purposes: a potential ally and reason for the European coloniser to remain and to support and a great way to dilute the power of a particular ethnic or religious group. The 20th century is marred by the creation of countries by European colonisers consisting of communities that had no business being thrown into a new country together.
A fascinating episode about 2 war extremes: a single battle war with an overwhelming political victory in Syria for the first Mandatory Power versus an elaborated war with mitigated results in Iraq for the other Mandatory Power. And well-chosen quotes as usual. And the beautiful color pictures too. Cheers!
As someone who worked with Syrian children it is great to learn more about their culture and history. Shukran, merci beaucoup, thanks for your precious work❣🥰
Timestamp 1:51 Syria & Faisal 4:43 Deteriorated Relations 6:34 Military Developments 9:16 French Takeover Damascus 10:07 Britain and Its Mandates/ Administrative Mess 14:01 Iraqi Revolt Military Developments 19:32 British Victory/ Aftermath/ A Nationalist Revolt?
As someone who's writing my thesis right now on this topic, this was really well made huge props to your research team for the careful and diligent examination of people, institutions, and interests that caused the conflict.
You lost possibility for a "Faisal was also a Jedi Master". Because he was played by Alec Guinness in Lawrence of Arabia, hahaha ha ha. I'll find my own way out...
Slight inaccuracy in the map - the Hatay province is shown as part of Turkey but at the time it was administered by Syria, not being formally annexed until 1939
@@jessealexander2695 It was still politically apart of French Syrian Mandate, why show it divided off as it own thing when the rest of Syria was also divided into various states.
I just wanna say that I finally watched every video of this channel and that I look forward for the next episodes to come, the inter-war-episode is just a as interesting as the Great War itself.
@@Infernal460 red-green alliance means political parties. Reds are leftwingers/socialists and greens are environmentalists. Most red green alliances are pretty anti western and by extension anti white hence their demands that the West be diversified etc It's why Europe is seeing a significant rise in right wing groups all across the continent.
Torin Jones Red-green alliance has nothing to do with the refugee crisis it was about the colonization of the Middle East and it died in the 70’s when Saddam took power in Iraq
Thank you. This is an important part of history that is rarely discussed or even written about. I know this because for many years as a casual student of history I read many books about the Middle East. I scoured Library shelves and read everything I could get my hands on. It wasn't until many years later after the internet that I found information about this aspect of that time in history. Ironically my interest arose from watching Lawrence of Arabia. Thank you for showing this.
Irish guy in Iraq here. Interesting to note that at this very time 100 years ago while the Brits and French decided to carve up the Levant and Mesopotamia between them the Irish were waging a war of independence against the Brits. The Irish were, somewhat successful, while here the great Iraqi people are still living with the decisions made back then. plus ça change...
During the round up segment near the end when he was informing what was happening around the world in July 1920 I thought he might have mentioned the arrival of the Auxiliaries in Ireland during the Irish War of Independence 1919-1921. They were mostly ex-officers who served with the army,navy and RAF during WW1. Many had been decorated for bravery in the Great War. However in Ireland they would gain a reputation for murder and barbarity and be compared with the Waffen SS.
A letter, in which Churchill wrote of using gas in Iraq, had been selectively quoted for years. In full, he was proposing the idea that tear-gas could be used to demonstrate air power without inflicting lethal injuries. And that that could permit freer use of air attacks to intimidate locals. There does not appear to be any evidence that the idea was seriously considered. For that matter, gas attacks from the air would have required entirely new technology. No such attacks had EVER been made during the First World War.
Some historians do selectively quote Churchill in relation to the use of gas in Mesopotamia(modern day Iraq) in 1920. Like yourself I have clarified this with other history students. However Churchill did propose the use of armed planes against Irish insurgents during the conflict known as the Irish War of Independence 1919-1921 or Anglo-Irish war. He wanted to use planes against the IRA if the latter concentrated in big numbers. Obviously the latter were a guerilla army and were not going to provide themselves as a target for air power.Trenchatd was horrified at such a proposal as he justifiably argued that there would be inevitable civilian casualties. Churchills quotes are unambiguous to the use of air power in Ireland.
@@johnroche7541 I hadn't heard of that proposal. Hard to imagine when the IRA would present a target for serious air attack, or even the kind of intimidation/reprisal the RAF was flying in Iraq.
@@johncoffin9354 Thank you for your reply. The Irish were a white race and considered "British" at the time but the British public would not tolerate the RAF methods used in Mesopotamia or in Afghanistan(North-West-Frontier and Waziristan)if applied in Ireland. The British public accepted these methods in more exotic corners of their Empire and mandates against tribesmen but from their point of view not in a civilised country containing at the time from their perspective it's own people. In a speech in the House of Commons in December 1920 Churchill stated the RAF in Ireland was costing the exchequer £20,000 a month. A princely sum in those days which increased as the conflict in Ireland escalated. By March 1921 RAF planes in Ireland would be armed. The RAF in Ireland were used to deliver messages between garrisons and were used ahead of convoys to locate potential ambushing IRA units. They were used in the spring and summer of 1921 to try and locate IRA units in co-ordination with thousands of troops on foot or used as motorised infantry backed up with armoured cars. These were to use modern military parlance seek and destroy operations. These large scale sweeps were ineffectual. I am sure if you Google it you will get Churchill's quotes in relation to the use of the RAF in Ireland.There is reference to Ireland in the history of the RAF. If you contact the RAF Museum in Hendon they will send copies of the relevant pages. Stay safe during these challenging times.
Dear Sir. I'm absolutely amazed you haven't mentioned one of the most important and influential figures of this era, Ramadan Pasha al Shallash who in December, 1919 led an uprising against the British in Deir El Zur and managed to liberate a large area that was under the british mandate and joined it to Syria. The liberated area equate to approximately third of Syria. His heroic action ignited the revolt you mentioned in Iraq. He then spent the next few years fighting the French in Syria. In Nov 1925 the Times newspaper described him as out of all the factions fighting the french he was the most formidable. With 4000 men under command, he was in complete control of the countryside around Damascus and was operating with complete freedom. Recently professor Michael Provence of the University of California wrote a chapter of 26 pages in an academic book about his life. If you require any further information then please get in touch. Thanks.
ever heard of the term black gold?, thats the only reason why they would possibly be there, if it wasn't for that, it would not be profitable or sustainable to have a mandate
Oil in Syria was discovered only in the 1960s, oil production in Iraq only really started in the late 1920s. We can also easily be led astray by focusing on only one thing.
hacker russo: Oh yes! Oil was now the big prize! Britain and France had none, but oil had been discovered in the Caucus region, and the area around Mosul in Iraq. Which is why Britain wanted Iraq and not Syria. At that time America had the largest oil reserves, and was the biggest exporter. The American Navy had already built battleships that ran on oil instead of coal, and Britain was right behind them building the Queen Elizabeth class battleships that ran on oil.
@@varana Really? Britain knew there was oil in the Caucus and in Iraq because they went looking for it in 1912! By 1914 America was already the largest oil exporter, and the American navy was building warships that used oil instead of coal. Churchill, (then sealord of the royal navy) ordered the Queen Elizabeth class battleships to be designed to use oil. Henry Ford had created a huge demand for gasoline with the model-T, WW1 saw trucks replace horses, submarines used diesel, and airplanes needed gas as well. Oh Britain knew what they were doing alright, they moved into Iraq taking Mosul after November 11th. And yes, there is a nostalgic reason the Brits were given Mosul to occupy during the invasion of Iraq in 2003!
It’s kind of funny how my stupid phone thinks that every time Jesse mentions Syria, he’s trying to say ‘Hey Siri’, so I constantly am getting interrupted from viewing this.
Anglo-Franco imperialists ambitions at the beginning of the twentieth century were the progenitor of so many conflicts that continue to fester to the present day.
Great content as always. I only knew that the French and British continued with colonialism after the Ottoman loss of control of the ME, but I didn't know that the Arabs won these victories along the way. It's a cliche to say, but the troubles in the ME 100 years ago are still very relevant for today.
Was very surprised that you did mention the Sharif Hussein of Mecca sending an army under his sun Emir Abdullah to aid Faisal against the French (hench the term Sharifian war) and how the British much against their wishes who were quite happy to see France get a battering. Were forced by France to aid them resulting in stopping Abdullah and the army at Aqaba. Then offering him a state of his own before he reached Syria, as his father and brother already had states he took the British offer. Oddly his line is both the only Hashemite state still in existence.
One recurring thought that always comes to mind as I view these videos is how completely the interests and pre-occupations of the political elites are disjointed from those of the people. Often the narration speaks of the British wanting or doing something or another. When in reality the British by and large would not even have know where Syria was or who was its king. Indeed they would not have cared about these things at all. Yet the elite are totally absorbed by these questions.
The same with the Arab elites, Faisal, as is pointed out here. Most wars are started to benefit the elites. Putin's War in Ukraine does not benefit the average Russian, and will actually hurt them significantly.
If it weren’t for the ‘1920’ added at the end of the episode title I’d think we’d been discussing the year 2020. It’s a sad state of affairs too be sure...
crazy__ cannon it wasn’t always like this, the state of war in the Middle East started during the intervention of foreign powers, when ottomans invaded, but stayed in a war situation because other powers got involved, like Britain, America, and France who screwed up the region
Most of the Iraqis who fought against the British in 1920 hated the Ottomans and denounced them as occupiers. I don't know how some people think that the Iraqis were fighting the British for the Turkish tyranny when they hated the Turks much more than the British. One Iraqi leader said that the despicable Turkish occupation was more harsh than the British.
1:04 The map has the after war borders, yet the country highlights for France are the 1914 French borders minus Corsica. An odd choice to say the least.
Arabs 1915: Let's side with GB and fight for our freedom and liberty... Arabs 1920: WTF are the *French* doing here? For some reason I get the feeling we should have stuck with the Ottomans...sigh...
@@cv4809 If you get screwed over one way or the other, the filter should be "honor". By allowing themselves to be "divided and ruled" over, Arabs have become more divided than ever. Note, not saying it was ever peaceful. Just like Europe, there have always been duress and wars. But, by taking that final step towards division by *outside powers,* and becoming tools, Arabs are in the mess they're in now... Lesson to be learnt?
@@ralphbernhard1757 by siding with the wining side, the Arab tribelords got a better deal then by being treated as a loosing enemy and occupied And most of these Arab countries aren't really unstable, like Jordan Saudi Arabia or Oman for example Sure they didn't get to have a pan Arabic United super state but that idea was always unrealistic to begin with
funnily enough the best ways to assure no militairy coup takes place is by looking at militaristic dictatorships such as the well known examples in the 20th century, Hitler made sure that those closest to him, and the biggest treath were always competing with eachother, stalin purged his entire officer core in essence one of the things you can do is looking at ancient mesopotamien empires, just divide power over seperate forces between at least two commanders, usually this was a civil ruler and a militairy commander,
"Alright lads let's just carve up the Ottoman empire, nothing could go wrong" - people who have somehow walked through a Great War without realizing the whole empire thing doesn't play out well
The border between Syria and Iraq is not whats a mess. If anything, it actually makes historical sense. The borders between Lebanon & Syria and Jordan are the real mess. And those are hardly the causes for conflict in the middle East. The meme of "hurr durr draw random lines, war ensues" is incredibly historically inaccurate and needs to die
The Ottomans owed Britain and France money from the Russian-Turkish war. When the C.U.P. coup gave power to Envar Pasha over the Sultan he tried to renege on it by siding with Germany. Envar also incited Abdul and Faisel's father to rebel for freedom with British help. Unfortunately, Arab independence was not was Britain had in mind.
The British fought against the existence of Iraq more than anyone else but after 1920 they were forced to change their policies to support an Iraqi rule.
If you look at the full quote by Winston Churchill about the use of gas in Iraq, you'll see that he supported the use of tear gas, but not the use of deadly gases.
I just wonder if we will ever see peace in that region. If it's not European colonial troops, it's infighting between factions. It's almost like nobody wants peace and quiet. I realize that is not the case, but it's just sad that people seem to find pretty much any excuse to go to war and subjugate anyone who is not in lockstep with them.
@goldenstate2002 slavery? Please elaborate how there was slavery in India when slavery was abolished in the empire (1837) even before the British actually ruled India (1857). You don't even get the most basic historical facts right. But why then, and I not surprised? Is this what you are taught in your schools?
if you look at what Churchill said he was talking about tear gas as when he writes he talks about gas that can cause a man to feel terror but leave no mark on him. I guess you could call it poison gas but that is misleading to not clear that up. I would go back and read it
What is your source on Churchill supporting the use of 'poison' gas? Because you might be misinformed with a common misquote where he postulated the idea of putting down rebellions with what we would in the modern day call teargas, before the stuff was even invented.
Guess which two countries more or less ran the League of Nations, the organization which legalized and granted mandates? :D Kinda similar like the UN security council today
Article 22 of the very Covenant of the League of Nations says that the inhabitants of the former Ottoman Empire were ready for full independence after a minimal period of reconstruction. So the British and French were violating the Mandate system's original intent by pursuing colonial agendas in Palestine and Lebanon, and imperial domination elsewhere.
Great presentation Jessie. I used to criticise you when you had a certain look that could have seemed neo fascist. I did as a Bro mate. I was 1 too. Now we both sport a modish Italiano vibe/wardrobe; well I like it
Glad Gertrude Bell was mentioned in this video. This channel promised to do a special on her. But never got around to it. I'm sort of annoyed. Because I would've liked to have heard what this channel had to say about her. Great job otherwise on this video.
@@brokenbridge6316 I do apologise for not obviously giving the title of the movie but I forgot it. Anyway I can tell you the title of the movie and it is "Queen of the Desert". Obviously it stars Nicole Kidman as Gertrude Bell. It also stars Damian Lewis(Band of Brothers,Homeland) and Robert Pattinson(Harry Potter,Twilight and he will be the new Batman.) He plays T.E. Lawrence in this movie. You can see the trailer for this movie on TH-cam. Stay safe in these challenging times.
Churchill admits they approved use of chemical weapons, but you still deny it. British used chemical weapons against both Arabs and Kurds in Iraq. Revolution in Northern Iraq in favor of Turkish independence war was suppressed by use of chemical weapons by British airforce.
And in Ireland, the British were fighting the Irish Republican Army which was supported by the nationalist population against British occupation. The British were beaten to a military truce and in the subsequent treaty the British lost 20% of the so-called United Kingdom'. That was a higher percentage of territory than Germany lost as a result of its defeat in the First World War. Percival and Montgomery-who were later to become Generals-fought the IRA in 1920 and the scarcity of British troops as a result of the situation in Iraq was a factor.
There are plenty of scholars experts on the history of the Middle East who could advice both the American and British governments before they embarked in the Irak war back in 2003. It's incredible they wouldn't listen, when there was so much background knowledge. Now the whole world will have to live with the consequences for decades to come.
@Omar 11112 Calling Saddam Hussein's brutal dictatorship in the 90s a "thriving nation" is quite the euphemism, though. :D Not that the American attack was justified, but blaming the Americans for everything wrong doesn't work, either.
@@varana The problem here is that they made worse a situation that was already bad. The Middle East, where a civil war has been raging for centuries between different klans and religious factions, can't be just forced to be part of the Western world.
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kinda give insight on why the brits didnt care much about palestine ruling
😊😊
I am from Al-Hilla, my grandfather fought in the Battle of Al-Rarjaniya. And my family for this moment owns a webley pistol from British army
Hey do you know about Adam Thoba. ?
That's so badass
Your grandpa was a spy.
@@zas3141 That's rude. Iraqi rebels all used British weaponry because that's what the British gave them to fight the Ottomans.
That is so neat!
Simply;
* Create an Insurgency against Ottoman empire
* Arm them
* Make promises
* Do not keep your promises
* Gather all the resources
* Leave the people desperate
* Fight against rebellion for a century
*clap clap*
That still happens today
Like Isis?
@@nuperaa6617 ISIS was literally caused by the US invasion.
Thats what empires do
@@holdthisforme8235 No. ISIS was created by USA, just like Al Qaida.
it's almost like the arabs didn't want random lines drawn through their homelands
The random lines were mostly going through deserts, no? I feel like they get overemphasized online and detract from the fact that these were harsh, uncaring governments intending to exploit the population, imposed by countries half-way across the world.
yeah but then they love those lines when it suits them.
@@viliussmproductions No, "random lines' did not go through mostly deserts. These mostly ran through populated areas. The Europeans /deliberately/ would draw in various ethnic communities including those where there were conflicts into the countries they made. Lebanon and Palestine are great examples. Doing this served multiple purposes: a potential ally and reason for the European coloniser to remain and to support and a great way to dilute the power of a particular ethnic or religious group. The 20th century is marred by the creation of countries by European colonisers consisting of communities that had no business being thrown into a new country together.
The Russians are notorious for this as well as the British and French.
@@sagapoetic8990 Russians? with the Arabs? ... are you sure? lol
Syrians fought the french courageously
Azma was a great man
He is an Arab National Hero
A fascinating episode about 2 war extremes: a single battle war with an overwhelming political victory in Syria for the first Mandatory Power versus an elaborated war with mitigated results in Iraq for the other Mandatory Power. And well-chosen quotes as usual. And the beautiful color pictures too. Cheers!
Thanks!
Though sadly some of those pictures were out of context.
I appreciate Jesse's presentation of facts, other channels have too much editorial commentary and moralizing.
Thanks!
@@jessealexander2695 Serb Au German war 1914, 5....
As someone who worked with Syrian children it is great to learn more about their culture and history. Shukran, merci beaucoup, thanks for your precious work❣🥰
Thanks!
Will you teach me?
Timestamp
1:51 Syria & Faisal
4:43 Deteriorated Relations
6:34 Military Developments
9:16 French Takeover Damascus
10:07 Britain and Its Mandates/ Administrative Mess
14:01 Iraqi Revolt Military Developments
19:32 British Victory/ Aftermath/ A Nationalist Revolt?
As someone who's writing my thesis right now on this topic, this was really well made huge props to your research team for the careful and diligent examination of people, institutions, and interests that caused the conflict.
Thanks - and I should point out for other readers of this comment that we are not related. :)
Is your paper done? I would love to read it!
Hi, I would love to read your paper! I am writing a paper on this as well right now. Please reply to me and we can speak through email.
You lost possibility for a "Faisal was also a Jedi Master". Because he was played by Alec Guinness in Lawrence of Arabia, hahaha ha ha. I'll find my own way out...
@Ali Kareem Neamah Faisal himself, or the fact that a non-Arab played an Arab?
Slight inaccuracy in the map - the Hatay province is shown as part of Turkey but at the time it was administered by Syria, not being formally annexed until 1939
Maps are always tough to show - there is a line separating it from Turkey, to show the Sanjak of Alexandretta.
Big head
@@jessealexander2695 It was still politically apart of French Syrian Mandate, why show it divided off as it own thing when the rest of Syria was also divided into various states.
True
@@darioguerra3065 I think to show as no other provinces are shown what will happen to it as he was speaking about bargaining with Turkey.
As Arab. I must confirm you are the best. No one was able to tell by the details more than you do. Excellent job!
The living room has been consumed by the void.
WOW! More British died in the Iraqi revolt than during the Iraq war 2003, which lasted many years.
I just wanna say that I finally watched every video of this channel and that I look forward for the next episodes to come, the inter-war-episode is just a as interesting as the Great War itself.
Uk and France: let's colonise the middle east
Also UK and France: wtf why are they rebelling?
@@FranzAntonMesmer Red green alliance ?
The middle east was not colonized
@Henryk Gödel As said by *CV* . The middle east was not colonized
@@Infernal460 red-green alliance means political parties. Reds are leftwingers/socialists and greens are environmentalists. Most red green alliances are pretty anti western and by extension anti white hence their demands that the West be diversified etc
It's why Europe is seeing a significant rise in right wing groups all across the continent.
Torin Jones Red-green alliance has nothing to do with the refugee crisis it was about the colonization of the Middle East and it died in the 70’s when Saddam took power in Iraq
LOVING the background!
The desk is still better
Thank you. This is an important part of history that is rarely discussed or even written about.
I know this because for many years as a casual student of history I read many books about the Middle East. I scoured Library shelves and read everything I could get my hands on.
It wasn't until many years later after the internet that I found information about this aspect of that time in history.
Ironically my interest arose from watching Lawrence of Arabia.
Thank you for showing this.
Irish guy in Iraq here. Interesting to note that at this very time 100 years ago while the Brits and French decided to carve up the Levant and Mesopotamia between them the Irish were waging a war of independence against the Brits. The Irish were, somewhat successful, while here the great Iraqi people are still living with the decisions made back then. plus ça change...
During the round up segment near the end when he was informing what was happening around the world in July 1920 I thought he might have mentioned the arrival of the Auxiliaries in Ireland during the Irish War of Independence 1919-1921. They were mostly ex-officers who served with the army,navy and RAF during WW1. Many had been decorated for bravery in the Great War. However in Ireland they would gain a reputation for murder and barbarity and be compared with the Waffen SS.
Thank you for this video not many videos talk about the Iraqi revolution of 1920.
I am a Syrian and this video pleases me🙂
A letter, in which Churchill wrote of using gas in Iraq, had been selectively quoted for years. In full, he was proposing the idea that tear-gas could be used to demonstrate air power without inflicting lethal injuries. And that that could permit freer use of air attacks to intimidate locals. There does not appear to be any evidence that the idea was seriously considered. For that matter, gas attacks from the air would have required entirely new technology. No such attacks had EVER been made during the First World War.
Convincing enough. Thank you John Coffin for your clarifications
Sorry, for beeing that guy, but do you have any sources for that?
Some historians do selectively quote Churchill in relation to the use of gas in Mesopotamia(modern day Iraq) in 1920. Like yourself I have clarified this with other history students. However Churchill did propose the use of armed planes against Irish insurgents during the conflict known as the Irish War of Independence 1919-1921 or Anglo-Irish war. He wanted to use planes against the IRA if the latter concentrated in big numbers. Obviously the latter were a guerilla army and were not going to provide themselves as a target for air power.Trenchatd was horrified at such a proposal as he justifiably argued that there would be inevitable civilian casualties. Churchills quotes are unambiguous to the use of air power in Ireland.
@@johnroche7541 I hadn't heard of that proposal. Hard to imagine when the IRA would present a target for serious air attack, or even the kind of intimidation/reprisal the RAF was flying in Iraq.
@@johncoffin9354 Thank you for your reply. The Irish were a white race and considered "British" at the time but the British public would not tolerate the RAF methods used in Mesopotamia or in Afghanistan(North-West-Frontier and Waziristan)if applied in Ireland. The British public accepted these methods in more exotic corners of their Empire and mandates against tribesmen but from their point of view not in a civilised country containing at the time from their perspective it's own people. In a speech in the House of Commons in December 1920 Churchill stated the RAF in Ireland was costing the exchequer £20,000 a month. A princely sum in those days which increased as the conflict in Ireland escalated. By March 1921 RAF planes in Ireland would be armed. The RAF in Ireland were used to deliver messages between garrisons and were used ahead of convoys to locate potential ambushing IRA units. They were used in the spring and summer of 1921 to try and locate IRA units in co-ordination with thousands of troops on foot or used as motorised infantry backed up with armoured cars. These were to use modern military parlance seek and destroy operations. These large scale sweeps were ineffectual. I am sure if you Google it you will get Churchill's quotes in relation to the use of the RAF in Ireland.There is reference to Ireland in the history of the RAF. If you contact the RAF Museum in Hendon they will send copies of the relevant pages. Stay safe during these challenging times.
Dear Sir. I'm absolutely amazed you haven't mentioned one of the most important and influential figures of this era, Ramadan Pasha al Shallash who in December, 1919 led an uprising against the British in Deir El Zur and managed to liberate a large area that was under the british mandate and joined it to Syria. The liberated area equate to approximately third of Syria. His heroic action ignited the revolt you mentioned in Iraq. He then spent the next few years fighting the French in Syria. In Nov 1925 the Times newspaper described him as out of all the factions fighting the french he was the most formidable. With 4000 men under command, he was in complete control of the countryside around Damascus and was operating with complete freedom. Recently professor Michael Provence of the University of California wrote a chapter of 26 pages in an academic book about his life.
If you require any further information then please get in touch. Thanks.
THIS CHANNEL IS ABSOLUTELY FANTASTIC.
Was syrian and iraq a profitable region for the british back then? We can learn a lot by following the money
ever heard of the term black gold?, thats the only reason why they would possibly be there, if it wasn't for that, it would not be profitable or sustainable to have a mandate
Oil in Syria was discovered only in the 1960s, oil production in Iraq only really started in the late 1920s.
We can also easily be led astray by focusing on only one thing.
hacker russo: Oh yes! Oil was now the big prize! Britain and France had none, but oil had been discovered in the Caucus region, and the area around Mosul in Iraq. Which is why Britain wanted Iraq and not Syria. At that time America had the largest oil reserves, and was the biggest exporter. The American Navy had already built battleships that ran on oil instead of coal, and Britain was right behind them building the Queen Elizabeth class battleships that ran on oil.
@@varana Really? Britain knew there was oil in the Caucus and in Iraq because they went looking for it in 1912! By 1914 America was already the largest oil exporter, and the American navy was building warships that used oil instead of coal. Churchill, (then sealord of the royal navy) ordered the Queen Elizabeth class battleships to be designed to use oil. Henry Ford had created a huge demand for gasoline with the model-T, WW1 saw trucks replace horses, submarines used diesel, and airplanes needed gas as well. Oh Britain knew what they were doing alright, they moved into Iraq taking Mosul after November 11th. And yes, there is a nostalgic reason the Brits were given Mosul to occupy during the invasion of Iraq in 2003!
@@Omarproof Greater Syria was critical to any free Arab state as it was (and is) the bread basket of the Arab word (wars excluded).
Faisal looks a lot like Obi-Wan Kenobi - weird...
Weird? Alec Guinness disapproves! :D
hello there
@@vladmihailghinea4626 General Kenobi! You're a bold one!
@Jim lastname just chilling
@Jim lastname no, indeed I am Romanian
It’s kind of funny how my stupid phone thinks that every time Jesse mentions Syria, he’s trying to say ‘Hey Siri’, so I constantly am getting interrupted from viewing this.
Hehe.
Coincidence? I think not!
20:18 and the whole bit about British suspicions of the causes had me laughing out loud
Yes. The Turks and Germans never had any involvement in the region and the idea an oil company was involved in local politics is preposterous.
When your eyes read "War in Syria and Irak 1920" but your brain is thinking "Syria and Irak 2020"
Guess what...at the same time Ukraine was being attacked by Russia (soviet union at the time) - it seems this madness happens in cycles of history
Anglo-Franco imperialists ambitions at the beginning of the twentieth century were the progenitor of so many conflicts that continue to fester to the present day.
🥸
The Great War is doing excellent work.
excellent and informative vid. the gentleman is most well-spoken
General Mariano Goybet is my great great grandfather.
So to the British, reason for the Iraqi revolt was "everything but us".
Something with them and the Americans around 90 years later
Great content as always. I only knew that the French and British continued with colonialism after the Ottoman loss of control of the ME, but I didn't know that the Arabs won these victories along the way. It's a cliche to say, but the troubles in the ME 100 years ago are still very relevant for today.
Thanks for this excelent episode where you guys made use of both Western and Arab point of views.
Great episode as always!
Great Video!
Much better audio. Thank you......
Fantasticly supported by History, another incredible performance. Millennials, learn!
The region has such a tragic history.
Middle East ? It has a glorious history
Ignorance is a bliss
Was very surprised that you did mention the Sharif Hussein of Mecca sending an army under his sun Emir Abdullah to aid Faisal against the French (hench the term Sharifian war) and how the British much against their wishes who were quite happy to see France get a battering. Were forced by France to aid them resulting in stopping Abdullah and the army at Aqaba. Then offering him a state of his own before he reached Syria, as his father and brother already had states he took the British offer. Oddly his line is both the only Hashemite state still in existence.
One recurring thought that always comes to mind as I view these videos is how completely the interests and pre-occupations of the political elites are disjointed from those of the people. Often the narration speaks of the British wanting or doing something or another. When in reality the British by and large would not even have know where Syria was or who was its king. Indeed they would not have cared about these things at all. Yet the elite are totally absorbed by these questions.
The same with the Arab elites, Faisal, as is pointed out here. Most wars are started to benefit the elites. Putin's War in Ukraine does not benefit the average Russian, and will actually hurt them significantly.
Great video as always!
If it weren’t for the ‘1920’ added at the end of the episode title I’d think we’d been discussing the year 2020. It’s a sad state of affairs too be sure...
Only difference is, you only have one non-Middle Eastern country in the mix and it's the U.S.
how things change but stay the same,,, in the ‘middle east’
crazy__ cannon it wasn’t always like this, the state of war in the Middle East started during the intervention of foreign powers, when ottomans invaded, but stayed in a war situation because other powers got involved, like Britain, America, and France who screwed up the region
Ha! Look at the origins of the Crimean war and the state of th Balkans, Ukraine, Turkey now. Many things never change
A week late on this, but I love that you included the classic "recap" music in this one.
Appreciate the content!
Nice history video with complex interfaces events 👍
Most of the Iraqis who fought against the British in 1920 hated the Ottomans and denounced them as occupiers. I don't know how some people think that the Iraqis were fighting the British for the Turkish tyranny when they hated the Turks much more than the British.
One Iraqi leader said that the despicable Turkish occupation was more harsh than the British.
1:04 The map has the after war borders, yet the country highlights for France are the 1914 French borders minus Corsica. An odd choice to say the least.
Arabs 1915: Let's side with GB and fight for our freedom and liberty...
Arabs 1920: WTF are the *French* doing here? For some reason I get the feeling we should have stuck with the Ottomans...sigh...
Whoa the French went back 895 years in time to do that. Lol.
If they had stuck with the loosing ottomans they would still end up being under Anglo French mandate
@@cv4809 If you get screwed over one way or the other, the filter should be "honor".
By allowing themselves to be "divided and ruled" over, Arabs have become more divided than ever.
Note, not saying it was ever peaceful. Just like Europe, there have always been duress and wars.
But, by taking that final step towards division by *outside powers,* and becoming tools, Arabs are in the mess they're in now...
Lesson to be learnt?
@@connman4008 A typo :-)
Fixed...
But you could be right.
The Crusades...lol
@@ralphbernhard1757 by siding with the wining side, the Arab tribelords got a better deal then by being treated as a loosing enemy and occupied
And most of these Arab countries aren't really unstable, like Jordan Saudi Arabia or Oman for example
Sure they didn't get to have a pan Arabic United super state but that idea was always unrealistic to begin with
Amazing video
Damn treachery and betrayal!
That's all of human history.
😮😢The slap was so strong he was unable to respond
106 Years Ago, World War 1 was begin 28 July 1914
Jesse, Hey! You are not recording from your apartment.
As always I look forward to these videos.
Great pictures!
funnily enough the best ways to assure no militairy coup takes place is by looking at militaristic dictatorships such as the well known examples in the 20th century,
Hitler made sure that those closest to him, and the biggest treath were always competing with eachother, stalin purged his entire officer core
in essence one of the things you can do is looking at ancient mesopotamien empires, just divide power over seperate forces between at least two commanders, usually this was a civil ruler and a militairy commander,
At 5:31 the colorization is wrong on the French flag. The blue stripe should be closest to the flagpole.
Great video👍
"Alright lads let's just carve up the Ottoman empire, nothing could go wrong" - people who have somehow walked through a Great War without realizing the whole empire thing doesn't play out well
The border between Syria and Iraq is not whats a mess. If anything, it actually makes historical sense.
The borders between Lebanon & Syria and Jordan are the real mess. And those are hardly the causes for conflict in the middle East.
The meme of "hurr durr draw random lines, war ensues" is incredibly historically inaccurate and needs to die
The Ottomans owed Britain and France money from the Russian-Turkish war. When the C.U.P. coup gave power to Envar Pasha over the Sultan he tried to renege on it by siding with Germany. Envar also incited Abdul and Faisel's father to rebel for freedom with British help. Unfortunately, Arab independence was not was Britain had in mind.
I always thought that Iraq was an invention of the British and French. Thank you for correcting my erroneous assumption.
The British fought against the existence of Iraq more than anyone else but after 1920 they were forced to change their policies to support an Iraqi rule.
If you look at the full quote by Winston Churchill about the use of gas in Iraq, you'll see that he supported the use of tear gas, but not the use of deadly gases.
24:10 photobomb from the dude on the right
I just wonder if we will ever see peace in that region. If it's not European colonial troops, it's infighting between factions. It's almost like nobody wants peace and quiet. I realize that is not the case, but it's just sad that people seem to find pretty much any excuse to go to war and subjugate anyone who is not in lockstep with them.
These a really well made
It explains a lot about the current chaos in the ME.
No wonder. The British lose and they covered it in history books.
The British lost?
@goldenstate2002 slavery? Please elaborate how there was slavery in India when slavery was abolished in the empire (1837) even before the British actually ruled India (1857). You don't even get the most basic historical facts right. But why then, and I not surprised? Is this what you are taught in your schools?
if you look at what Churchill said he was talking about tear gas as when he writes he talks about gas that can cause a man to feel terror but leave no mark on him. I guess you could call it poison gas but that is misleading to not clear that up. I would go back and read it
Fascinating!
When we will see a video about Lithuanian Wars of independence?
Huh, I have a friend from Hilla. I'll have to tell him about this video
10:30 ASSYRIANS
Who cares
Thank you for your clarification Nickay, it matters a lot to know more about Assyrians
First Civilization Baby...
Dude, Assyrian women are gorgeous!
@xi jinping na man. I'm just stating an opinion not chasing tail lol
manz's pronunciations are on point!
I am struck by the apparently correct pronounciation of names in defferent languages, by Jesse Alexander. Well done!
What is your source on Churchill supporting the use of 'poison' gas? Because you might be misinformed with a common misquote where he postulated the idea of putting down rebellions with what we would in the modern day call teargas, before the stuff was even invented.
“Foreign assistance” and “mandate” sound suspiciously like foreign occupation and ownership.
Guess which two countries more or less ran the League of Nations, the organization which legalized and granted mandates? :D Kinda similar like the UN security council today
@@KnowDude UK, France.
pls do video about the Assyrian and agha petros assyrian commander..
Who cares about Assyrian “history”
Nothing has change in the last 100+ years!
Still hope for Lithuania episode, but its probably too late by now.
Didn't they make one last year?
Article 22 of the very Covenant of the League of Nations says that the inhabitants of the former Ottoman Empire were ready for full independence after a minimal period of reconstruction. So the British and French were violating the Mandate system's original intent by pursuing colonial agendas in Palestine and Lebanon, and imperial domination elsewhere.
Great presentation Jessie. I used to criticise you when you had a certain look that could have seemed neo fascist. I did as a Bro mate. I was 1 too. Now we both sport a modish Italiano vibe/wardrobe; well I like it
Wish you would do an episode on saudi British relations and the Saudi raids on Iraq and the revolt against king abdulaziz.
Glad Gertrude Bell was mentioned in this video. This channel promised to do a special on her. But never got around to it. I'm sort of annoyed. Because I would've liked to have heard what this channel had to say about her. Great job otherwise on this video.
Did'nt Nicole Kidman play Gertrude Bell in a movie a few years ago.
@@johnroche7541---I don't know. Why don't you tell me what the movie is called?
@@brokenbridge6316 I do apologise for not obviously giving the title of the movie but I forgot it. Anyway I can tell you the title of the movie and it is "Queen of the Desert". Obviously it stars Nicole Kidman as Gertrude Bell. It also stars Damian Lewis(Band of Brothers,Homeland) and Robert Pattinson(Harry Potter,Twilight and he will be the new Batman.) He plays T.E. Lawrence in this movie. You can see the trailer for this movie on TH-cam. Stay safe in these challenging times.
@@johnroche7541---I see. Thanks. I'll try to remember the movie title and try to see the movie if I can.
@@brokenbridge6316 Just to let you know "Sony Movies" is showing "Queen of the Desert" on Sunday at 1.50 pm if you have the channel.
Churchill admits they approved use of chemical weapons, but you still deny it. British used chemical weapons against both Arabs and Kurds in Iraq. Revolution in Northern Iraq in favor of Turkish independence war was suppressed by use of chemical weapons by British airforce.
Except they didn't, they approved tear gas.
The villagers are poor and have nothing to protect themselves 😢
And in Ireland, the British were fighting the Irish Republican Army which was supported by the nationalist population against British occupation. The British were beaten to a military truce and in the subsequent treaty the British lost 20% of the so-called United Kingdom'. That was a higher percentage of territory than Germany lost as a result of its defeat in the First World War. Percival and Montgomery-who were later to become Generals-fought the IRA in 1920 and the scarcity of British troops as a result of the situation in Iraq was a factor.
do you guys make dvds as would like to get some of your content for my grandfather to watch as he isnt internet savvy
There are plenty of scholars experts on the history of the Middle East who could advice both the American and British governments before they embarked in the Irak war back in 2003. It's incredible they wouldn't listen, when there was so much background knowledge. Now the whole world will have to live with the consequences for decades to come.
@Omar 11112 Calling Saddam Hussein's brutal dictatorship in the 90s a "thriving nation" is quite the euphemism, though. :D
Not that the American attack was justified, but blaming the Americans for everything wrong doesn't work, either.
@@varana The problem here is that they made worse a situation that was already bad. The Middle East, where a civil war has been raging for centuries between different klans and religious factions, can't be just forced to be part of the Western world.
You should do a video on the Serbian WW1 Field Marshal Živojin Mišić
Hey guys, why did u remove video of "Greco-Turkish War - Treaty of Sèvres I THE GREAT WAR 1920"
Please create a new subtitles
I was shocked at the accusation of anarchy. Not wanting a foreign government controlling your land isn't the same thing as anarchy.
I would like to subscribe but you have WAY to many commercials!!!!!
Tribes is a big thing in iraq you don't mess with other tribes
"The Great War" being a synonym of betrayal?
Watch out, Indy - missiles have been fired... ;p
The Iraqi revolutions always end in warplanes and betrayals