The Greek-Turkish War 1919-1923 (Greco-Turkish War Documentary)
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The defeat of the Ottoman Empire in 1918 meant that it got its own peace treaty like the other three Central Powers. But the emerging Turkish National Movement under Mustafa Kemal resisted the Treaty of Sevres and occupation by various Entente Powers. Their successful resistance led to the creation of modern Turkey and the Treaty of Lausanne in 1923.
Salvation and Catastrophe - The Greek-Turkish War, 1919-1922 Edited by KONSTANTINOS TRAVLOS: rowman.com/ISB...
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» SOURCES
Akyüz, Doruk. “Legacy of the Stormtroop: The Influence of German Assault Troop Doctrines in the Great Offensive,” in Konstantinos Travlos, ed. Salvation and Catastrophe, The Greek-Turkish War 1919-1922 (2020).
Criss, Nur Bilge: Occupation during and after the War (Ottoman Empire), in: 1914-1918-online. International Encyclopedia of the First World War, ed. by Ute Daniel, Peter Gatrell, Oliver Janz, Heather Jones, Jennifer Keene, Alan Kramer, and Bill Nasson, issued by Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin 2015-08-05 encyclopedia.1...
Danglis, Panagiotis: Memoirs.
Edib Adivar, Halide. The Turkish Ordeal: Being the Further Memoirs of Halidé Edib, (Piscataway : Gorgias Press, 2012)
Erickson, Edward J. “Decisive Battles of the Asia Minor Campaign 1919-1922,” in Konstantinos Travlos, ed. Salvation and Catastrophe, The Greek-Turkish War 1919-1922 (2020).
Fromkin, David. A Peace to End All Peace (New York: Avon, 1989)
Kemal, Gazi M. Nutuk-Söylev, Cilt II: 1920-1927, Türk Tarih Kurumu Basımevi
Gerwarth, Robert. The Vanquished. Why the First World War Failed to End, 1917-1923 (Penguin, 2017).
Karsh, Efraim and Inari Karsh. Empires of the Sand (London: Harvard UP, 1999)
Llewelyn-Smith, Michael: Ionian Vision: Greece in Asia Minor, 1919-1922, 1973.
McMeekin, Sean. The Ottoman Endgame (Penguin, 2015)
Margaret Macmillan, Paris 1919: Six Months That Changed the World, (London : Macmillan,
2019)
Toynbee, Arnold: The Western Question in Greece and Turkey. A Study in the Contact of Civilizations, Boston 1922.
Travlos, Konstantinos. “Introduction,” in Konstantinos Travlos, ed. Salvation and Catastrophe, The Greek-Turkish War 1919-1922 (2020).
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»CREDITS
Presented by: Jesse Alexander
Written by: Jesse Alexander
Director: Toni Steller & Florian Wittig
Director of Photography: Toni Steller
Sound: Toni Steller
Editing: Toni Steller
Motion Design: Toni Steller
Mixing, Mastering & Sound Design: above-zero.com
Research by: Jesse Alexander
Fact checking: Florian Wittig
Channel Design: Yves Thimian
Contains licensed material by getty images and AP archive
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All rights reserved - Real Time History GmbH 2022
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"Seven nation army couldn't hold me back" -Kemal Pasha
Ussr :no meed to thank me bro
@@wankawanka3053 XD
@@wankawanka3053 seethe
On the offensive he was only against the Greeks. By that time the other nations had befriended him. Also if the soviets hadn't helped him then Kemal wouldn't been able to built an army to oppose the invaders
@@hellenick8867 Soviet Union helped a lot but Türkiye would still save some land probably less than this one.
Ataturk's tactic was exatcly what the Russians had against Napoleon. Drive them deep into the hearthland and drown them. He was truly a military genius.
It is originally Hannibal’s war tactics that he implemented when he rebelled against Romans thousands of years ago.
@@ehatipo4598 Took 4 years from the coast to Ankara, and only 4 days all the way back! Pseudo-Hellens cant win any skirmishes without the help of Western Powers.
@@ehatipo4598 but if i correcty remember hannibals tactic didnt work because of sheer numbers of romans right ?
Atatürk attacked the Greeks to make them retreat, the Russians just wait until the French are out.
Mihail kutuzov
I find this one of the most fascinating wars in history.
Imagine attacking a nation which no longer has an army and still losing?
I once read a report of a British spy from British archives
The man was warning his supreriors that Turks aren't like other colonies they have, and that the only organisation Turks understand is military organisation and the Turkish people are really keen on forming an army
It was the ordinary folk, with some bald rackateers as their leaders, started the resistence with their own initiative and it was a trouble for Mustafa Kemal and his companions to turn that force into a proper army that moves under their own command.
So I'm guessing you're neither Wiliiam nor Davis, you're just a random Turk who just trolls on the internetz
@@apmoy70 Yea because anyone who doesn't agree with your point of view must be from X ethnic group.
Right.
@@apmoy70 You have such a great history, but with what you do, you shame our ancestors, not the Turks.
@@apmoy70 He speaks fax tho
Story is simple and plain, No matter how you try to sugar coat it.
Europeans (especially British) had an open antiTurk emotion. British politicians openly said “it is time for Turks to go back to Asia”. Conditions were perfect. Greek army fought only 6 months in WW1 and Turkish army was in continuous battle since 1911. Widespread conscription resulted in complete exhaustion of the people and economy completely collapsed. Army was disarmed. State institutions collapsed and capital was invaded.
Under these conditions, Greek invasion failed. They lost to an army which was created from scratch by a few rebel commanders. In 3 years, an exhausted nation formed a parliament, an army, gave everything they had to the army and defeated the invaders.
Tebrikler. Harika bir özet.
Why would the Turks burn the city they captured?
Tell the truth. "We escaped and burned it so that it would not be left to the Turks."
They wrote their version of the history… their own criteria of what is Humanity (them) or what is not (Muslims Turks). For instance Hemingway wouldn’t write anything about Greek s army atrocities but write a tears given Roman about the Greeks deportations.
Between 1914 and 1923 our Nation had lost 6 millions people (not only massacre of course but directly linked to the war: malnutrition of children, diseases…). But crying is not in our DNA.
For the one who not trust these info the UN are free available.
And do not forget that if new USSR, France, US and Italy have abounded Greece it was clearly because of the tremendous massacres (Greece has lost its moral mandate), more bloody and important than the ones made by the Turkish army. This is the fact.
The Region of South Kutahya, Gediz till Dinar used to be the most populated during the Ottoman Empire in terms of Muslim population, after this war and even till today it one of the less populated area of our country.
As in Cyprus. I know of relatives, buried alive in mass execution graves', with their offspring.
Ethnic cleansing, still being discovered today, which the West turn a blind eye to, for their own interests' alone !!!!!!!!!
@@altaycapanoglu4170 Süper bir yorum. Tebrikler.
Because they waited untill the southern air leave their settlements and burn down the houses and businesses of the natives. If there is not anything to go back to, why would you return homeless to a country at war with you? Only savages, Barbarians-a more fitting word burn their home and life themselves. In Tripolitsa during the Greek War of Independence, very few burned their houses before the Turks recaptured it. They burned their life in Smyrna so they'll live remembering they have nothing there. That it's the country now and they were the reminders of the past. Pretty self explanatory. Then they signed the treaty of Lausanne promising to protect the natives of the then still Capital but they did the same with the pogrom in 1955 of... Constantinople.
@@alexor081
You sound like Western İmperialists, then & now, just out for your own interests' !!!!!!!!
Burn it down ?!!! Then re - use the city themselves ?!!!! Or burned to make it difficult for settlers ' ?!!!!!!
Lots' of migrants still settled there from then, till now .......
here's a fun fact. the Great Turkish Offensive was started on 26th August, 1922. The date was chosen by Ataturk himself, because it was the anniversary of Battle of Manzikert against Eastern Roman Empire in 1071 by Sultan Alparslan with Seljuk Turks, when the Asia Minor has become the Turkish homeland..
there is no such information. This is entirely your opinion.
Atatürk did not share such information. If he had such a purpose, he would definitely tell in Nutuk (his own book).
There is no particular reason why 26 August was chosen. The only reason was to wait for the most favorable conditions possible. There was no need to move early or wait for the enemy to get stronger.
It was decided that the appropriate moment was this date, and the offensive was launched.
There is no other particular reason. Because they are not in a position to wait for a special day. The conditions are quite harsh.
@@onurhakim7814 it was a memoir told by Nuri Ulusu, Atatürk's librarian. Atatürk himself told in first hand.
Seljuk Turks ? 😆
The only Turk in Seljuk dynasty was the king and he was a Turco Persian.
I have bad news for you .
Turkey is not a Turkic nation.
Ottomans were not Turks .
Up to 1905 your language was 80% Persian and 20% Arabic .
The Turkic world is made up of 4 races .
Turco Persians, kyrgies, Uzbek and Kazak Turks.
Turkey is made up of 43 races , you don’t even have a race .
Study Ataturk’s “ Turkification of the ottoman.”
@@drunkbee880 well, Turk is a linguistic term, not an ethnic one. And both Seljuks and Ottomans were Turkic empires. Like it or not, it's a fact.
@@vonclausewitz8558 Turkish is both an ethnic and a linguistic term.
"Turkish race" = ethnic
"Turkish nation" = linguistic.
@drunk bee
In the Seljuk state, the rulers and soldiers were mostly Turks.
Since we were a nation that did not persecute or destroy the peoples living in the conquered lands, different ethnic identities were also living in our lands.
If we wanted to destroy or send the people of the regions we fought and conquered, especially as the westerners did, we had this power.
The reason why you are attacking instead of showing respect for not doing this, I think, is the result of being jealous of the history of the Turk.
As world-famous historians say, "If you remove the Turk from history, there is not much left."
“King Alexander was bitten by a monkey and died of the subsequent infection”
Ok yeah I’m definitely going to want an explanation on this
That actually exactly what happened. The King was walking his dog in the palace garden, a monkey showed up and started fighting the dog, and when the king tried to get his dog away from the monkey the monkey bit his leg, the wound became infected and it killed him
Literally spit taked. What a random way to die
@@andrewsever98 I need a comedic video reenactment
@@andrewsever98 amazing some freak accident could change the course of history, affecting the lives of millions of people.
@@stoneruler it was no accident the monkey was the esteemed rear admiral and turkish spy Ahmed Monkeymus
This is the story of the only nation that did not accept the impositions after the First World War.
They challenged the world with civilians and soldiers at a time when no defeated nation showed resistance.
They created a new nation - that was sort of the solution
GReece is an artificial state and nation. Fallmeyer explains that very well
That people that nation is called the T U R K s ! My people!
🇦🇿❤️🇹🇷
@@DukgjinFalmerayer said that? Well he then must have ignored 4000 of Greek history in the region. Makes me wonder...but then again he was a German, was he not? You know, the ones that started 2 World wars and did not win, along with 'neutral" German friendly Turkey who waited out the 2nd World war until the last moment to choose the winers side. And now you want the Aegean too... better oil you guns because you are gonna need them dearly for that.
“Peace at Home, Peace in the World”
M. Kemal Atatürk
Turkish home is Kazakhstan
genocide goes brrrr
@@toryog1310 mad?
"It's hard to be a Turk because you fight the world. It's harder not to be a Turk because you fight the Turk."
@@toryog1310 what the f do you want with our notion and history
I dont need to hide between my finger, it is known that in Greece hatred towards Turks is cultivated from a young age,mostly from older people that grew up in a different era. I was a hater as well until i started travelling the world and find out other amazing cultures , cuisine's and the history of the world. Then the hatred was replaced with love not only for my soil but for any soil in this tiny but precious world. Sadly the average Greek even if properly educated will still hold some grudge unfortunately. Media manipulation , nationalism and mental pride is an obstacle to a more open mind in such delicate matters. Cause it takes one to admire Kemal Ataturk as a Greek. He set the standards for Turkey to become the most progressive Muslim country in the world. I hope in a brighter future between our nations without imaginary lines limiting our potential to offer something in humanity cause i do believe our people have offered, and can offer much more.
👌👌👌👌👌👌👌👍👍👍👍👍👍
He isn't Greek, he was born in a greek land that Ottoman captured. They put Turks to new captured lands so they won't leave easily
Çok güzel yorumladınız
@@huseyinresimator3818biraz daha açık konuşur musun. Ne dedigin anlaşılmıyor
@@savasguneysu571 Çoğu insan Atatürk'ü Yunan sanıyor. Bunun sebebi ise Selanikte doğması. Aslında ailesi Osmanlı'nın göç politikalarıyla oraya getirilmiş Türklerdir. Burada ise Atatürk Yunan olarak belirtilmiştir, bu hatalı.
Since the Ottoman-Turkish war was also experienced in this war, Mustafa Kemal Pasha did not have many weapons belonging to that period. Cavalry was now used only for ceremonies. He decided to open the cavalry school and trained the soldiers for a year to strike the final blow. The majority of the soldiers were volunteers from the people. It was perhaps the last battle in which cavalry was used most effectively. He used the old Turk Kagan tactic. (pre ottoman seljuk)
👍
It was actually during the battle of Dobruja in WW1, by the Bulgarians' Kolev.
@@hellenick8867 💀
@@MegaNas88 The war in the video occurs after WW1. So no.
@@MegaNas88 nope. In 1922 cavalry used effectively
Atalarımın ruhu şad olsun, mekanları cennet olsun. Ayaklarında yırtık çarıkla, ellerinde kazma kürekle, bulurlarsa kuru ekmekle bizler için, canları pahasına vatan savundular. Şanı büyük Atatürk. ne şanslıyız ki sen bizimdin, ne kadar övünsek az. buraya işgale gelenlere verdiğin ders herhalde onlara yeter.
Amin. Herşey sizlere borcluyuz
ağzına sağlık
The irony is the Turks were the first invaders some hundred years ago.
@@georgegeorge9242 centuries ağa, everyone was an invader, not Just the Turks. No one bought the country they currently live in with Kiss. The important thing iş to try not to be an invader after civilization develop. Otherwise, rome also took someone's lands or countries with the sword before us.
@@georgegeorge9242 centuries ago*
my maternal grandmother was born the day bursa was occupied by the greek army. her father was fighting against the occupation - died in 1975. they had no rations, and one day he actually had to ambush and kill a greek soldier to feed himself. he returned home after the greeks were driven out. my paternal great grandmother lost all the men in her family - and all males from her village in sakarya except for one deserter, in galipoli in 1915. we still have her brother and first fiance's photograph they took together just before deployment. my great grandmother prayed for them everyday until she passed away in 1987.
❤
Sorry for ur losses in your family. My Great grand dad fought in the war and came back when we lost. He was a greek officer. A great man.
Sorry, can you please clarify what you mean by "he actually had to ambush and kill a greek soldier to feed himself"? Cause, I feel like I'm losing my grip here.
@SteliosAntoniouAL23 probably got his rations and ate it, not the Greek soldier himself
@@SteliosAntoniouAL23
Erzak için , yani yiyecek yok ,Türkler yam yam değil ...
Ataturk was a man of destiny. He ripped to shreds the future offered to the Turks by the overly confident Entente Powers. As a result Turkey managed to avoid the same fate as befell Germany.
When you say 'the same fate' you mean "face consequences for horrors committed as an aggressor in a world war'?
@@CasperJoosten No, he means the partition like it happened to Germany known to them as the "Teilung".
Turkey will be partitioned, ataturk merely delayed the inevitable!
Except the Entente WERE willing to use force in Germany to enforce the treaty, as the French occupation of the Rhineland demonstrated. One of many absurdities in history that is too often overlooked.
@@ChanahsCreativeEdits Selanik will be ours again. And much more. Whole Balkans is ours.
you know that a war is controversial when it has three names: one for the attacker, one for the defendant, and one for the outside observer.
Every war is named differently by each side even the medieval ones.
@@Onattttt bro what are you doing, you exposed his “deep” observation 😭😭
@@big_2361 deep thoughts with deep
However, as you will see at the end of this documentary, sometimes the attacker and the outside observer can be the same person.
@@Onattttt Spiral out, keep going brother!
"Sen unutsan bile, düşmanın Türk olduğunu asla unutmaz"
Brits used Greeks as BAIT . now US doing the same thing
I'm Greek and it's sad that some people don't understand this yet. We had claims to the region and the Brits used that to persuade us into joining their war-mongering adventure. Great shame.
The West always use other countries as a BAIT
How is US doing the same?
@@AimForMyHead81 us build huge military base on greek turk border
@@AimForMyHead81 they are brainwashing greeks to use them against us again but the outcoume will never change trust me :) just how the brits used greeks us is also manipulating and making them believe they can have some land from turkiye but it's delusional just how it was back in the day
My Great-grandmother witnessed the “Büyük Taarruz”. She lived on the northern side of the Menderes (Meander) river and told that the Turkish army passed by this area during “Güzün” old Turkish word for “Son Bahar” (Autumn season). Before that, the Greeks, during their retreat, set her village to fire including her home.
Later, after the war that house got restored and now my uncle lives in it.
She also told that she heard what happened at Afyonkarahisar and that it was the turning point during the war. According to what she heard, Mustafa Kemal Pasha had come up with a plan since the Greek army simply outnumbered his. He then let his men tie candles to the hears of sheeps/goats. He then let these run down the hill towards Greek soldier stationed at Afyonkarahisar. The Greeks panicked and retreated/fled the area with the idea that a whole battalion was attacking. They never stopped retreating. During that retreat they indeed used the scorched-earth tactic like my Great-grandmother experienced.
Watching this video knowing these details gave me goosebumps.
All villages near around my village were all burned and some girls got kidnapped
@@IamSome1 what about it? Ataturk knew much about history, studied tactics like that of Alexander the Great's. What Turkish behaviour are you talking about? As if you know anything about Turks or history
My grandfather was born in 1915 in Vourla, a town 40 km west of Smyrni. He had to flee his hometown in September 1922 along with his two brothers and his mother. He settled in Nafplion as a refugee. His father was a volunteer soldier who got killed during the Asia minor campaign - his body never to be found.
It's really interesting to hear the other side of the story.
@@dimitrismavridis2179 who was the winner of the war so my age is 27 my grandmother used to tell me they had a lot of difficulties their grandfather and uncles joined the war there were no other men in the village except children
@@dimitrismavridis2179 my grandmother was from Thessaloniki and she got told to leave to Smyrna around that time so she had a few relatives.
I still can't believe that our ragtag army organises one of the most successful blitzkreig in the world. 400 km in 4 days, complete annihilation of enemy armies. I'm proud to be grandchildren of thoese heroes.
Greece was ruined economically mainly. Turkey didn't really win on the battlefield.
@@pan-demics8015 bruh...
That ragtag army of turkish peasants was commanded by the graduates of the military academy of istanbul. Those guys fought in balkan wars, italo-turkish war and ww1. They were pretty exprienced compared to greeks. Also soviets helped considerably.
@@pan-demics8015 So this is why General Tripukis had learned his assignment as commender of chief from Mustafa Kemal as a pow? Bad economy? I have serious doubts about your thesis when i saw at the figures of 60% of Greek frontline troops taken captive or killed. This victory achieved by extreme efforts of Turkish nation at its weakest time while their capital annexed with less manpower less material less logistics and no economy.
@@ardafrlar4130 Greece by no means had the ability to invade by herself. The fact that Greece tried was by itself suicidal given the economic situation. I personally would have never left the Milne line. I don't doubt the Turks fought hard, but they had help from the Soviets, which if they didn't have they probably would have lost. Greece had Italy and France being actively hostile against it (sometimes even supporting Turkey against Greece in the case of Italy) and also had an indifferent UK, which was her main ally. Greece simply did not have the resources to sustain a 200,000 strong army in Anatolia for so long.
Mustafa Kemal Ataturk wasn't only a military genius, he was a political and social genius too. For me he was the genius of 20th century. Such a great leader who always wanted peace. As he said if war isn't necessary then it's a murder, peace at home peace in the world.
I mean he still forced the greeks out and committed genocide... sometimes Turkish nationalists clown on Greece and say the genocide was justified
Greeks came as a police force at first in Asia Minor (in reality in order to keep Italy off central aegean Anatolia) ,then they were used by Britain an France in order to persuade Kemal to exchange his new nation state ( last to come of the ottoman empire) with Iraq and Syria. Population exchange and the drawing of borders after the signing of the Laussane treaties. As a Greek it wouldn't surprise me if we get backstabbed once more from our allies out of their interests for the control of the straits and an open market more populous than ours. No bad feelings to our neighbors, they did what they had to do in order to form their nation state. Looking forward to solve our historic differences together.
they manipulated greeks and made us fight eachother. I also hope that the relations between countries get better
Yes mate, Greeks and Turks hating each other is the dumbest thing. Everybody wants the best for his country.
Imperialists don't want Greeks and Turks to unite. This is their biggest fear along with the Balkan peoples uniting. They use history and religion as a way to divide us, even though in reality we were united most of the time
Exactly...
The truth is always bitter. Neither the Turkish nor the GREEK people should come to the game of the IMPERIAL forces. As a TURKISH I love the GREEK peoples. political crooks are deceiving our peoples with nationalist words, by showing the two peoples as enemies. PEACE AT HOME PEACE IN THE WORLD ... KATATUTK...
It is admirable that Ataturk granted women the right to military service in this war and even gave them education in the cavalry school. After the war, they began to get their rights.
As Turks, we are greatly thankful to Atatürk for making Turkey a modern country by giving women their rights even before most Western governments did it. Turkish women fought as much as men and it directly impacted the general outcome of battles during the Turkish Independence War.
If you read turks history the turkish woman were already great warriors. They even were very skillful archers and excellent riders but the turks lost it over the time.
Its not that he granted, nation needed it. Turkish women were already familiar with fighting wars so they developed quickly. Many became infantry, pilot, chivalry.
Wtf is this war, Toynbee and Hemingway were reporting on it, it created the 1922 Committee in the UK... and the only thing I knew about it before watching this video was a Tom & Jerry meme of Turkey getting beaten up then coming back stronger
Check out the mid I990's Turkish TV series "Kurtulus" which is on You Tube. Great action sequences.
Because the Turks themselves were a decently cohesive and effective force, the Ottoman Empire collapsed mostly due to the ineptitude and/or subversive actions of the Arabs.
@@wtel9536 Ottoman was collapsing for more 100 years, all Pashas knew it was over and even if they could win some battles they were going to be overwhelmed eventually as it happened many times. So Ottoman was literally orderly retreating while trying to preserve more but everything changed when enemies stepped foot on Turkish majority territories as they were no retreat zone. Still it wasn't easy as there were only 10 million Turks in 1914 which is really a laughable number if you compare it to populations of Germany, Russia etc..
@@ggoddkkiller1342 it's comparable to the population of Greece, though!
@@wtel9536 the empire collapsed due to Turks themselves… the Young Turks , also known as Ittihat ve terraki who’s actions consequently led to the final demise of the empire 1908-1922.
So funny that the greek school system does such a great job at being biased that I, as a greek, am on the second to last grade of school and we didn't touch on the fact that greece invaded turkey on such level, while the system really focuses on the distraction of smyrna and the refugees. I am honestly mad. Megali Idea is portrayed to us like it is not the core of the problem.
It isnt, the Megalí idea was to liberate the Turkish occupied Anatolian lands there is nothing ethically wrong with that whatsoever.
Turkey at that time had initiated with Germans the genocide of the Greeks . Read Fokaia 1915 genocide
I see thanks for educating me!
You are right that the school is not talking about this war, but not for what you think. The Great Idea, was about Constantinople and Smyrna, places that had been Greek for thousands of years... After the fall of Venizelos (who was the supporter of the Great Idea) the offensive began so to neutralize the Turkish forces, not to take the territories permanently, but it was a huge mistake and led to the Asia Minor disaster...
@@luciouspyro9524Türkiye didnt exist in 1915 🤷♂️
Treaty of Sevres: Let's occupy Anatolia
Mustafa Kemal: Hold my raki.
Raki, the only thing that will forever unite the Balkans
@@gnas1897 let's make a balkan pact
@@gnas1897 Actually other than name, Turkish raki is completely different thing from Balkan one...
atatürkün kurtardığı memlekette değil atatürkün zamanında 40 lira maaşla geçinen dedelerinin kurtardığı memlekette yaşıyorsun
@@Traderrocky2004 yani?
14:35 This saying is actually a war tactic. The tactic is that if the enemy attacks you and breaks your defense, you retreat 500 meters. then they start running towards the enemy and they can't bring a cannon machine gun and enough ammunition with them. then the front war begins , the enemy's ammunition is reduced . you counterattack and can seize their military equipment as the enemy starts to flee quickly
I think it can be classified as a feigned retreat
@@asasas9146 Yeah alot of eastern warfare was fought like this through out history. Its a tactic that tradionionally was preformed by highly mobile horse mounted soldiers. The mongols took much of their territory fighting this way.
Impressive leadership and organizational accomplishments from Ataturk.
Now i can see why he is so overpowered in Hoi4.
thanks bro
After the war, he gave all their civil rights to Turkish women who had no rights during the Ottoman period. He is the only leader in Europe to do so without protests. Turkish women lieutenants also took part in this war. Some were cavalry.
Kalkın Allah geldi
Aslında çok büyük acılar çeken biz Türkleriz. Balkan savaşı. Girit isyanı.1. Dünya savaşı. Yunan işgali ve kurtuluş savaşı. Ama biz ağlayıp sızlanamayız. Çünkü bir imparatorluk geleneğinden geldik
Zamanında biz de çok çektirttik. Emperyalizm mantığı ile alakası yok bu dediğinin de. Fransa İngiltere Almanya’nın çektiği ızdırapların ve acıyı düşün
@@craig3077 fransa ve ilgiltere nin çektiği acılar mı? hocam 1700-1900 arası bunların afrikada amerikada yaptıklarını bir inceleyin isterseniz. fransa, ingiltere ve ispanya bu dünyadaki en çok köleleştirneyi ve fitneyi fesadı yapmış ülkelerdir. almanlar da ucundan yapmış ama yine de çalışkanları ile şu anki düzeye ulaşmışlar.
Such effortless pronunciation from Jesse, from Afrikaans to Japanese through Russian, Hungarian, French, and countless more, but finally tripped up by Welsh! (Great video as always, well done GW team!)
I suspected as much!
Unfortunitely greece learn nothing from past, still far from indepentency still toy of western imperials.
Effortless indeed, but effortlessly erroneous in pronunciation of Turkish words, I'm afraid. Don't understand why. It's so easy to find the correct pronunciation on the Net.
What about African languages?? Tonga. Zulu .suthu
His German is great too.
Heroes who shed their blood and lost their lives! You are now lying in the soil of a friendly country. Therefore rest in peace. There is no difference between the Johnnies and Mehmets to us where they lie side by side here in this country of ours. You, the mothers, who sent their sons from far away countries wipe away your tears; your sons are now lying in our bosom and are in peace. After having lost their lives on this land they have become our sons as well.”
M. Kemal Atatürk
It was for ANZAC soldiers who died in Gallipoli
You are quoting a criminal congrats bro you fell for Turkish propaganda
@@themisargyros1528 salty huh😄
@@hermannhesse4182 turkey doesn’t have history they have a criminal record
@@themisargyros1528 10iq
Ernest Hemingway's report is pretty ironic because that was the situation of the millions of Muslims and Turks who fled from Balkans to Konstantiniyye to save themselves from the Balkan powers during the First Balkan War.
"They were the last of the glory that was Ottoman Empire"
Well there was no genocide of Muslims in Europe and they committed many atrocities during the Balkan wars especially against Bulgarians.
@@Vishnujanadasa108 You made me laugh, don't be funny. How about the genocide committed against Muslim civilians in Bosnia and Herzegovina 1992-1995 in the middle of Europe in the 20th century?
@@Vishnujanadasa108 Oooooof course, of course you guys are always innocent.
@@Vishnujanadasa108 Lolll mandirchap🤣🤣
@@Vishnujanadasa108 LOL
Non ending innocence of Christians huh?
sure sure ofc ..
Wow! Great documentary. My neighbour, uncle Giorgios Papavasiliu was refugee from Turkey and I was a kid but I remember the story of his wife who was Serbian talking story to my mom and I remember how much pain and despair were in that story but then I didn't realize it was that war. Later on, I studied it and I failed to know more from witness since uncle Ðorđe died in early 80's. He never spoke of it to us kids nor we asked. That video explains a loooot. Gosh, what a painful history of all Balkan nations as well as greed for more. Impressive tactic of Ataturk too. I realize more about some atrocities on all sides through described circumstances. And sure...Great Powers' interests always behind such conflicts. That war and aftermath is briefly covered in Serbian schools. Peace to the whole world from Serbia ✌️🇷🇸
I am also a Turk whose grandparents are from the Balkans. Currently, this village is within the borders of Bulgaria, but unfortunately it was a Turkish-Greek village when my grandparents lived. We were exiled to Anatolia with great pain. Unfortunately, peoples living together for centuries were turned against each other by the great European powers. Peace for all.
@@nasthuner ppls of Balkan know only of their wounds and their side pretending to be huge and important while they are small, divided and great target of Western and Eastern imperialists. My family suffered from Bulgarians in both WW but I am trying to understand all the sides. All I need is to rock'n'roll in freedom and peace and wish peace and freedom to all the peoples on this Earth. Sirbistan selamlar ✌️
@@zoranpavlovic9540çok güzel bir yorum 👍
@@Okeyad çok teşekkür ederim 👍
Then what happened to Alexander the great????😂😂😂😂
we Bulgarians are with Turkey against Greece
the reason is: they delay Bulgarian language in cities: Костур, Лерин, Воден, Сяр, Драма, Кавала, Кукуш
Speak for yourself.
@@___E солунско поле е Българска земя гнасен гръко
Long one but I do hope more of this conflict is explored in future (WELL DONE GREAT WAR CHANNEL FOR DOING SO!):
25:00 is basically a huge moment in British political history where not many people understand what it was the result of; it was mind-blowing learning about this at aged 16, the notion that Lloyd George and Churchill were willing to fight a war against and in Turkey not four years after the end of the last great war! And now in recent British political developments, the 1922 Committee is part of everyday language even among casual, less informed observers.
Also a round of applause for Ataturk, our national army museum had him in the top 5 of Britain's greatest opponents and rightly so, a worthy and honourable adversary indeed. His words for the British fallen at Gallipoli are on a memorial at the National Memorial Arboretum:
"There is no difference between the Johnnies and the Mehmets to us where they lie side by side here in this country of ours... You the mothers who sent their sons from far away countries wipe away your tears. Your sons are now lying in our bosom and are in peace."
I cried. He didn't have to be so magnanimous, and yet.
we included the 1922 committee specifically because it was in the news again recently.
Mustafa Kemal was a peaceful man. RİP.
"...in coming and dying on these lands they have become our sons as well"
RIP to the ANZACS and Turks
It seems both of them didn't learned what happened to their troops and ANZAC during the Gallipoli Campaign, and didn't see the strong feelings of nationalism in the Türkiye army during the Greek-Turkish War
It's still amazing how Turks can managed to hold their country from being annexed, from WW1 until this war
The Chanak crisis is well remembered in Canada too as it is considered their first independent diplomatic act against direct British interests. The political fallout led to the Statue of Westminster in 1931. The whole incident is now regarded as a footnote in textbooks but is surprisingly important in its after-effects.
It is interesting also to note the Treaty of Lausanne is currently being challenged by the current Turkish government who want to regain control of martime territories surrounding Greek islands that were ceded to Greece in this treaty.
Greeks: Oh no our economy and allied support is collapsing we can't win a offensive war
At the same time Turks: haha we don't even have economy to get worse and no allies to lost. liberation go brrrt
No allies???? Everybody was supporting Kemal !!!! what are you talking about ??????
@@petekay6509 who's everybody? Apart from some arms from Russia
@@isshyboy and we buyed that arms with a fricking CITY
No allies ??? The bolsheviks ,the Italian and lastly the anglo and French who betrayed Greece in order to maximize their gains in the middle east became your allies!!!
@@hoplite101able No help on the battlefield. Stop trying to make excuses for your defeat. You fought well but were soundly beaten at the end, even with all the military advantages you had with equipment and manpower!!
My Grandfather was a Greco-ottoman soldier. After the great war, he was left stranded in South Arabia as he didn't know where to go back to. His family and relatives were forced to evacuate their Greek village in Thrace and had no idea where they are or if they actually survived the barbaric massacres conducted by the Greek Christians against the Greek Muslims in Thrace. He never went back and ended marrying my Somali Grandmother and settled in Somalia for a while before moving back to Aden (South Yemen) where he lived the remainder of his life. My father worked really hard before his passing to connect the lineage and found his family in Turkey. They said they tried their best to find their brother but it was chaos and complete madness at the time that they just assumed he passed away and moved on. we are so happy to finally meet our extended family from the Aegean sea.
Watching this really made me wonder the amount of hardship my relatives went through. They lost so many of their relatives in the chaos. Truly a sad history that I feel the Greek government at the time carries its responsibility for the unnecessary gamble to inflict damage on the Turks and specially the innocent population in Anatolia. They could've preserved human life and tried a more humane way to garner support but they chose bloodshed which cost them Anatolia and the revenge killings of Christian Greeks in Asia minor
Did you know what happened before this? Or is that just revisionist history? Revenge doesn't really make revenge, but there were clear reasons they did what they did (humans always have reasons). Before any of that...they were occupied and being murdered.
@@nerdSlayerstudioss People alwayd do what they experienced, this is an infinite Revenge Chain, both the Greeks and Turks are not innocent only the innocent people of both sides suffered, If they have ever tried to contribute into this conflict in a more humane way things would be different...
When Greek troops murdering Turkish people and burning down villages its some casualties, when Turkish militia (which is not even an official part of the Ankara government) murders Greeks it is a genocide. When Greeks have 18k more soldiers, thousands more weapons it is not that important, but when Turkish troops has 4k more cavalries it is a huge advantage. I see your logic in here. These wars are past for us, let it be your past as well, not your present.
History is always written by the winners. The press and fake evidences made their claims righteous. Only a fool can believe that "historically accurate" "documentary"
Mustafa Kemal Pasha came to Istanbul by train from Adana on November 13, 1918, at noon, and on his way to Galata on the 'Kartal' steamboat he boarded from Haydarpaşa Train Station, he passed through the 55-piece occupation navy.
At that time, aide-de-camp Cevat Abbas points both the enemy battleships entering the strait and the ships coming slowly behind, pointing in the direction of the Marmara, and says in a sad and somewhat timid voice, "They are coming".
Mustafa Kemal Pasha looked in the direction his aide was pointing; Ships of the British navy, including the Greek battleship Averof, were slowly advancing from the Marmara to the strait.
In the evening hours of that day, they would anchor in front of Dolmabahçe Palace and turn their cannons into the palace of the sovereign state for centuries.
Mustafa Kemal Pasha remembered the wars fought in Çanakkale, the blood spilled and the lives lost so that these ships would not come here; Then he said in an angry, but also determined voice: "Yes, they come, they come, but one day as they have come ,so they will go"...
Search . ' Solving 9-11 By Christopher Bollyn . '
@@dreizdreiz9203 Your grandfathers when they drawning on the aegean sea side of İzmir and they beg for their lives and yelling ''Zito Kemal Zito Kemal Give Mercy''
"Bir avuç dolusu Türk, dünyaya meydan okudu"
Komutan larımızdan mı bahsetdiyorsun? Aslında Askerlerimiz ve vatan sayesinde kazandık😊
@@duyguozturk759
Tek Türk Atatürk 🇹🇷🐺
Türk olmak zordur, dünya ile savaşırsın. Türk olmamak daha zordur, Türk ile savaşırsın.
-FATİH SULTAN MEHMET
🫡🫡🫡🫡🫡🫡🫡
Bence bu söz eksik. Doğrusu şöyle olmalı. "Türk olmak zordur. Çünkü dünya ile savaşırken bir yandan da kendi içindeki hainlerle savaşırsın. Türk olmamak daha da zordur. Çünkü Türklerle savaşırsın." Şeklinde olmalı.
Really sick of one sided view is presented as "equal". you should have mentioned what archbishop has done during greeks invading. Much of equality we can get is, Turks have 5000 cavalry, but poor Greeks have "JUST one thousands", never mind the triple artillery and machine guns count in any battle, or the modern transportation vehicles provided to Greeks by Allies or plane numbers. But poor greeks lost because they didn't have any cavalry, how could they win ? and disaster happened, Turks country invaded. they have been butchered, but falling back greek army is disaster. Keep exaggerating Greeks and Allies war actions in heroism and so called Turkish atrocities/genocide, while undermining Turks heroism and Greeks genocide.
Hypocrite western approach, nothing new here... They need to use their bthrt cream to ease their pain for centuries to come.
Adamsın
1:10
"The United States has no appetite in the region besides sending humanitarian aid"
Well that was ironic
Probably they didn’t know where was the Dardanelles and Constantinople
@@lst141 i am prety sure most of them stil dont
Americans only deal with Turkey on Thanksgiving
If I recall their battleships were just watching when people from Smyrna were drowning in front of em to escape the fires.Thats how much neutral they were in this.
Fun fact: After the Battle of the Sakarya in 1921, 238 years Turks' retreating was ended and Turks' offensive was started.
Came here from watching Turkish drama Vatanim Sensin. I started watching the series because of Hilal and Leon but stayed because of the story.
Got curious and so did a little research on the background of the war and this video helped A LOT. Thanks for this. Learned another part of history.
Same here
Same here
A bit late but Vatanım Sensin was loosely based on a real person, Mustafa Mümin Aksoy or "Gavur Mümin" as he was called.
These are historical events in which some honorable and proud events took place in our past, but in reality a lot of sadness, tears and losses were experienced. I hope that every modern person is aware that we leave these events in the past and that we learn lessons from them.
The civilization we have developed now allows us to live together! We can live together very well. And even every contemporary who can read this day well realizes that when there is destruction somewhere, it affects the whole globe. Syria is one of the current examples. Refugees, economic balance, everything is upside down.
I think that in the 19th century, we left behind to act with the intelligence of populist politicians, in line with the interests of various power groups.
Love to all, bright tomorrows.
from Turkey!
❤❤❤❤❤
Το ποιο ωραίο σχόλιο έτσι ακριβώς..ωραίος.
Kimse birlikte falan yaşayamaz polyanna
Amazing answer.
Greek with ancestry near Erdek/Artaki.
8:13 - As a Zimbabwean, I find it hilarious that he died from a monkey bite. I've literally never even heard of that happening to anyone; that it happened to a Greek prince just blows my mind. And the way he just breezed past it, I think we need a bit more context, lol.
Lol😀
There wasn't any medication for it. There is lots of illnesses that were dangerous back then that seems stupid nowadays.
Who knows if it was a monkey bite or poison? His death was beneficial to the Great Powers.
The monkey bit him twice,in his arm and then his leg.The leg trauma was quite deep, caused septicemia and he died a couple of weeks later.
From Wikipedia:
On 2 October 1920, Alexander was injured while walking through the grounds of the Tatoi estate. A domestic Barbary macaque belonging to the steward of the palace's grapevines attacked or was attacked by the king's German Shepherd Dog, Fritz, and Alexander attempted to separate the two animals. As he did so, another monkey attacked Alexander and bit him deeply on the leg and torso. Eventually servants arrived and chased away the monkeys, and the king's wounds were promptly cleaned and dressed but not cauterized. He did not consider the incident serious and asked that it not be publicized.
That evening, his wounds became infected; he suffered a strong fever and sepsis set in. His doctors considered amputating his leg, but none wished to take responsibility for so drastic an act. On 19 October, he became delirious and called out for his mother, but the Greek government refused to allow her to re-enter the country from exile in Switzerland, despite her own protestations. Finally, the queen dowager, Olga, George I's widow and Alexander's grandmother, was allowed to return alone to Athens to tend to the king. She was delayed by rough waters, however, and by the time she arrived, Alexander had already died of sepsis twelve hours previously at a little after 4 p.m. on 25 October 1920.
Abi herif yunanlarin kacarken izmiri tamamen yaktigini bile soylemiyor, izmiri Turkler yakti diyor saka gibi 😂😂😂😂
nureddim paşa
Atatürk'ün yakın dostu olan ve o esnada İzmir'e orduyla beraber giren Falih Rıfkı Atay da yangının Nureddin Paşa emriyle başlatıldığını yazıyor. Yunan ordusu kenti 9 eylülde tahliye etmiş. Yangınsa 13 eylülde çıkıyor. Yanan yerlerse hep Rum ve Ermeni mahalleleri. Bu Nurettin denen herifin kariyerindeki binbir vukuatı yüzünden hiç seveni yokmuş sanırım. Atatürk bile onun hakkında hep olumsuz şeyler yazıyor nutukta. Cahilce bir yorum yazmadan önce internette basit bir araştırma yapsaydın keşke.
Bilgilerin çoğu yanlış veya saptırılmış.
@@m.saitaksoy1514 Nope. Tourks slaughtered the innocent Greeks of Smurna and killed the archibishop. Stop believing propaganda...
hepsi propaganda bilader
The documenter himself says greeks use scorch earth tactic when they retreat. Yet he is saying it was the turks that destroyed izmir, what a joke😂.
Please explain to me the logic of burning down a city where primarily Greeks lived. Not to mention,survivors from that day said it was Turks that burned it down.
@@Stcddot After the Greek army was defeated in Afyon, the Turkish army pursued them relentlessly to prevent them from burning down the cities as they retreated. They saved what they could. The Turkish army moved so quickly to İzmir to prevent the Greek army from burning it down as well that they were able to save İzmir from destruction. The date of İzmir's liberation is September 9th. The İzmir fire occurred on September 13th. Why would the Turks burn a city they had just saved, a city that was culturally and economically rich? You can't give any logical answer to this because such a thing never happened.
'Also, those who survived from that day said that it was the Turks who set the fire.' What do you expect them to say? Should they have said, 'We burned it down so the city wouldn't fall into Turkish hands'?
'Please explain to me the logic of burning down a city mostly inhabited by Greeks.' Did you say a city inhabited by Greeks? Didn't we supposedly kill thousands of Greeks? So, it turns out we didn't. They continued to live in İzmir.
None of your claims are consistent. Please try to learn history from accurate sources.
@@tumaysonmez2196 I think u confused the timeline of events. The Greek army was in retreat. They reached Izmir. They were extracted by the coast guard and the navy. But the city still had Greek civilians. Testimony from the civilians that managed to escape AFTER the Turks reached the city says that the Turks massacred the Greeks and looted their houses and set them ablaze. And it’s not just 1 or 2 ppl who have come out and said this,it’s multiple. After the war there were no Greeks living in that city,cos if they were as u are claiming they’d still be there today. Maybe the Greek army did implement scorched earth while retreating but the evidence says it was the Turks that burned down Izmir
@@Stcddot During that period, dozens of journalists from around the world were in İzmir. Can you show me a single newspaper clipping that claims the Turks massacred the Greeks in İzmir and burned down the city? You can't because there isn't one. But I can line up reports from local and international presses documenting the exact moment the fire started during the İzmir fire. Your only argument is that the Greeks of western Anatolia, who relied on the Greek army for 3.5 years, looked down on and humiliated the Turks, fled to Greece, fearing that what they had done would be done to them, and justified their flight by saying, "The Turks were going to kill us!"
In the official report of Paul Grescowich, the Austrian Fire Chief of İzmir at the time of the fire, evidence is presented that proves the fire could not have been started by the Turks. Have you ever read it?
Additionally, there is a famous article by American engineer Mark Prentiss, who was in İzmir during the fire and categorically denied the claims that the Turks burned down İzmir after returning to his country.
You should also read the column by Times writer Alexander MacLachlan, who, as an eyewitness, wrote in the British newspaper The Times on September 25, 1922.
Plus, let me give you another interesting fact. Did you know that almost all of the homes of the Levantines living in İzmir were insured? An insurance company does not pay compensation for a house you've abandoned, but it does pay for a house that's burned down.
So what should you do to get compensation? You should get your house burned down.
I hope you've read about this. If you're more curious, I'm ready to discuss it further and provide more evidence.
@@tumaysonmez2196 judging by the press of current times,I don’t think it was very reliable even back then. George Horton,US consul general of Izmir,said it was the Turks who did it. American missionaries claim the same. Charles Dobson claims the same. Winston Churchill(although he wasn’t there) said the same. Multiple historians and missionaries from England and America and even France claim that the fire was started by the Turks. Also,Mark Prentiss is cited to have said the exact opposite of what you are saying. He said that he saw Turkish soldiers pouring gas onto the streets. Now sure,some of these ppl may have been biased and perhaps either blatantly lied or saw what they wanted to see. But if you think ALL of them were lying you’re not objective enough to speak about this topic. And in any case,the Turkish army captured the city 4 days before the fires (according to eyewitnesses) started. But let’s ignore testimony for one moment. The Greek army was in full retreat,u Turks love to joke that “u tossed us into the sea”. U really think they had the time to burn the city that they were getting extracted from, where multiple of their own ppl lived? What would even be the point when they were gonna be safe as soon as they were on a boat,it’s not like they would slow the Turkish army down since they’d likely be gone by the time they arrived. It simply doesn’t make sense from a logical standpoint.
there were two main war strategy used in sakarya, one is to hit long supply lines with cavalary forces and make opponent to be starved. second was not to pull back the whole line even if the defense line is split/break, to build a trench 100-200 meters behind and reinforce it.
for the second strategy, greeks and english officers couldnt realised how to overcome because this kind of defence strategy havent used before. greeks moved forward only few kilometers within 22 days and starved because there was no supply. they were too away from railway points and they couldnt defend supply lines from turkish cavalary.
Merhabalar çeviride hata vardı sanırım . Çünkü Pontus mevzusunda olara tek taraflı bakılmış. Hatta genel olarak olaylar tek yönlü. İzmiri de biz yakmışız ya :)
Hannibal Barca the Carthaginian used this tactic against the Romans. Also in battle of Sakarya, the Greeks failed to secure in time the critical key defensive positions (Mangal Dag) just like the coalition failed to secure in time the key points in Canakkale. If the Greeks had been successful in breaching the defenses quickly then the cavalry harassment would had been useless. But such defensive positions demand a lot of manpower and artillery pieces to be breached correctly in time.
@@hellenick8867 there were two cavalary batallion in Sakarya as far as I remember. One is holding the southern part of infantry brigade in order to prevent any siege. Second was freely roaming from Konya to Eskişehir in order to prevent supply chain. I guess you mentioned the first one.
You re correct for the strategy part, but Greeks (England didnt help at all) knew what was happening... It was political reasons ( ambition, they were waiting English support, new political party that changed all generals and commanders because they were their people)
Let's be clear... It was not only War of Greek and Turks! In facto, It was the War of British, France and Italian backed Greeks against Turks!
No. See how much involvement Germany had, both economically and militarily,as well. See how much infrastructure was made by the German state. They owned Kemal. Also, Bolsheviks contributed. But Germans had clear plans how to mantain their infuence.
@@leockp8003 Germany had been defeated well before this war and were in no position to help anyone
@@leockp8003 Lol germans?? Wtf
@@leockp8003 copium
@@leockp8003 You must loosen a few screws up there laddy
These documentaries are simply fantastic. Keep up the great work.
7 nation army can’t stop Turkish empire 🦾
How Byzantine of the Greeks. Internal struggle effecting the unity of effort and causing a loss.
Some things never change.
So what? Turks also had internal struggle. Caliph follower islamists and nationalists were aganist eachother
@@fwrususes5125 Since the Turks won the war, they aren't in a position to use that internal struggle as an excuse to being wrecked on the battlefield.
So for the Greeks, it works for them.
The greeks werent invited to occupy Asia Minor, they were promised it to join on the Entente's side and not the german one.
It was a war of entire Europe against Turks. Not a Turko-Greek war. This wording twists the reality.
The sun might have set on the formidable British empire, but not on the conflicts it’s left behind & French are also not too behind. These colonial power are the main cause of all conflicts we are witnessing in modern world.
Tarihi Şan, Şeref, Zafer, Kahramanlar ve Güzel İnsanlar ile dolu olan Yüce Büyük Türk Milleti. Zaferlerimiz Daim Olsun. Var Olsun Mustafa Kemal Yürekli Başkomutanlar!🇹🇷
@Konstantin Trehagyrevopoulos 600 Yıl milyonlarca km topraklara adalet ve sevgi ile hükmeden Osmanlı'yı özlüyoruz.
@Konstantin Trehagyrevopoulos Osmanlı'nın adaleti ve Hoşgörüsünü şöyle tarif edebiliriz; Ortadoğu'ya 400 yıl hükmetti ve adaletle yönetti 1915 yılından sonra yavaş yavaş arabistan ve ortadoğudan çekildi. O gün bu gün ortadoğu'da kan durmadı Osmanlı gitti adalet gitti. Aynı şey Kafkasya için de geçerli Osmanlı gitti Azeriler, Ruslar, Gürcüler, ve Ermeniler birbirine düştü. Balkanlarda da böyle oldu. Osmanlı nereden çıktıysa orda adalet kalmadı.
Bir ülke için çok değil mi bir çok ülkenin düşmanca tutum içine girmesi vatan savunmasımda can veren şehitlerimizin ruhu şaad olsun 💪🇹🇷
That's easy for you to say
Ur homeland ??? Didn't u migrate there through war ?
@@TheGreekCatholic Thats how you get your soil through history of humanity. Did you come out of the ground like vegetables in Greece? According to archeology, all human kinds came from Africa. So lets go all back to Africa hand to hand.
@@TheGreekCatholic🇹🇷🇰🇿🇭🇺🇦🇿🇺🇿🇹🇲🇰🇬 KADINLARINIZ BİZİM
So basically Greeks lost the war by themselves (bad logistics) and by the western allies betraying them or not supporting them at crucials moments
Yes.
We have a saying: "The mill does not turn with carried water." Work done with the support of others is always risky.
greeks lost the war against crippled and disarmed nation which bankrupted and lost most of her male population during ww1, her lost armies disbanded and their military hardwares sized by allies. yes greek army went too far deep into anatolia but you cant take credit from the suicidal sacrifices of turkish people. you attack ankara with an army which has twice as big (artillary, machine guns, modern transportation, planes and numbers) but you still failed.
7:20. In late 1920, regular army had just been established. Its number 5-6 thousand in late 1920, it increased to 15-20 thousand in 1921 January, 40 thousand (plus 30 thousand deserters) in 1921 August (Battle of Sakarya) and 105 thousand in 1922 August (Great Offensive).
Dostum bu sayılar doğru değil, nüfusu 15 milyon ve 2/3' ünden fazlası kadın olan (erkeklerin de çoğu yaşlı, çocuk yahut gayritürklerdi) Anadolu nüfusundan 100 bin asker çıkmaz. Savaşlar sırasında binlerce kaçkın vardı.
Bu sayıları nerden elde ettin?
@@lobnoyemesto For January 1921: 14.596 soldier, 796 officer, 8.750 rifle, 63 gun. 1
1 Genel Kurmay Başkanlığı ATASE, Türk İstiklal Harbi, c. VI. İstiklal Harbinde Ayaklanmalar, p. 234.
For Battle of Sakarya August 1921: 40.000 soldier 2
2 Yetmişlik Bir Subayın Hatıraları. p. 241.
For Great Offensive August 1922: 100 thousand rifle 3, 110 thousand soldier 4
3 Ali Fuat Cebesoy, Siyasi Haıtralar, c. I. p. 45.
4 Fahrettin Altay, 10 Yıl Savaş (1912-1922) ve Sonrası (I don't remember page number).
@@lobnoyemesto nüfus o zaman 6,5 milyon bile değildi...
@@karacaddy o kadarda değil 10 milyon ciyariydi Türkiye kurulduktan 15 sene sonra 18 milyon olmuştur
@@kodflora İşgal altında olmayan bölgelerin nüfusu bu... Kurtuluştan sonra zaten anadolu büyük bir göç almıştır, özellikle balkanlardan..
Some thoughts and facts
16:27 : There's a march made by the Turkish Military Orchestrate named Anthem of Sakarya ("Sakarya Marşı" in tr., if you want to listen) in the honour of this battle; "Oh, at Sakarya, my home was saved." I recommend you check it out if you're into military marches!
9:40 : The government of Sultan at Istanbul decided to not send a delegate to the London Conference for the sake of the nation; because British had invited both the Ankara government led by Mustafa Kemal and the Istanbul government of Sultan in order to create a disarray along the Turkish side. As said, the Sultan decided not to sent a delegate to prevent the British plans, even though the Ankara government was their enemy.
14:37 : The first sentence in this quotation of him is very famous here in Turkey, and now reading it in English reminded me of Stalin's order 227. In fact, I came to realize how this whole war is like a mini-Barbarossa (invaded, even threatened the enemy capital at some point, eventually to get defeated in a crushing counter attack and got destroyed completely in the end.)
Ataturk had respect for the Sultan, for him, the sultan embodied centuries of turkish culture and tradition
@@shahriarhakim6673 Ataturk called the Sultan a Traitor.
@@95bekirable he called the pashas traitor who were negotiating, he never called the sultan anything negative because for him the sultan represented seven hundred years of turkish identity
@@shahriarhakim6673 gibberissh.. İstanbul goverment with its pashas and sultan as a whole was traitor for Kemal.. Anyone Who signed or stayed silent to sevres was a traitor
@@shahriarhakim6673 Read Nutuk and see how Ataturk calls the Sultan a Traitor, he did not have any positive feelings for the dynasty, called them parasites.
"Those who had sent their nation to war have now escaped, their only anxiety being their own welfare. Vahdettin, the one carrying the titles of Sultan and Caliph, degenerated; only dreaming of the ways to save his throne. The government under the grand vizirate of Damat Ferit Paşa, without honor, frightened and incompetent, under the command of the sultan and in the same boat as him, ready to accept anything for the sake of their lives."
"The enemy states were attacking the Ottoman State materially and psychologically; they were determined to partition it. The person carrying the titles of the sultan and caliph was only anxious to save his own life. The government was behaving similarly. The people left without guidance waited in darkness, anticipating an unknown future. Those who began to understand the horrible situation were contemplating the ways of salvation, turning to those tools familiar to them. The army existed only in name. The officers were exhausted after the Great War, while the terrible situation before them was tearing their hearts out, and still they were searching the ways to salvation. Here I want to stress one important thing. The army and the people were altogether unaware of the treachery of the sultan-caliph. They were attached to these institutions by their soul, an affection based on a tradition of several centuries. The people could not even consider their salvation without the guidance of the sultan-caliph."
"I took my turn to speak and I declared loudly: Gentleman, power and sovereignty are not given from one person to another by scholarly debates or polemics. Sovereignty is taken by force. The Ottomans took the sovereignty of the Turkish people by force. These usurpers managed to rule 600 years. Today the Turkish Nation has reclaimed that sovereignty for itself. This is an accomplished fact. There is no need to discuss this further. It is quite desirable that those present here can accept this truth. Otherwise some heads will roll during this process."
21:44-22:22 Fun fact: In the Greek region of Chalkidiki, in the southern region of Macedonia, lie many hamlets and towns that are named after some of the towns and cities of Asia Minor. New Triglia and New Mudanya for example. There is even a church in the town of New Triglia (the original region in Bithynia, Asia Minor was home to the Archbishop of Smyrna Chrysostomos) that bears the Archbishop's name, honor, and legacy.
Cool fun fact 👍
@@mammuchan8923 when you see places in Greece with " nea- " ( new ) in their names 9 out of 10 used to be refugee communities 😉
@@Pavlos_Charalambous ahh, clever😎
The archbishop did not has any honor. He had advised Greek troops to drink Turkish blood as much as they can achieve. He provoked numerous atrocities against Turks. He died in a way that he deserved. We had 35.000 captives including many Greek generals. They were not executed. The archbishop was executed because of his crimes. He was a zealot bigot.
@@Pavlos_Charalambous same in Turkey. There it is "yeni" instead of "nea".
A question: If you had to leave a place, would you burn that place out of anger with the sadness and revenge of not being able to have that place again, or would you protect a piece of land belonging to your own country that you regained ? Although it is a well-known fact with the evidence that the Greeks burned the city while escaping from İzmir, it is nothing but black propaganda to say that the Turks did it here. Western countries have always been in alliance with Greece and have stood against Türkiye because their interests are the same as Greece's and they belong to the same religion.
It's crazy how much some Turks resemble Germans and Scandinavians
Turks ain't white
@@wankawanka3053 more then Greeks 😂
i am one of them
No one believes or can guess that I am Turkish 🇹🇷🇹🇷🇹🇷
Otin von Tyrkenland
14:36 "Hattı müdafaa yoktur, sathı müdafaa vardır ve o satıh bütün vatandır!" This is Turkish version of this order. Gives me goosebumps every time i hear...
Greece spread itself too thin in Asia Minor & Anatolia and the political instability back home sealed the fate of the campaign. Attrocities on both sides were tragic, but unsurprising given the history of the Ottoman & Greek Revolution era.
The Turks commited an organised genocide. There can be no comparison to whatever the Greek army did during the retreat. There was no ethnic cleansing of Turks during the Balkan wars nor during WW1. The main reason the army went to Anatolia was the genocide. Venizelos was under immense political pressure to react to to the hundreds of refugees arriving daily in the islands and Thrace screaming for help. The famous telegram from the Episkopos of Pontus during WW1 about the genocide that was taking place by the young Turks says it all
@@vonzuchteroh yunan
Oh well at least from all this tragedy we got a new music genre from the refugees,Rebetiko.The Greek blues you could say.
Am from Somalie 🇸🇴 i am brother of Turquie 🇹🇷 country's
???
It's funny that the allies couldn't defeat the Turks after the first world war yet Germany signed a peace treaty willingly instead to fight on after the armistice despite the horrible conditions of the treaty.
Maybe it would have gotten a better outcome for the Germans.
There was a big difference in political will though. The Allies still had public support and political will to impose their peace on Germany in 1919, but not on the Turks, especially by 1921-22.
@@jessealexander2695 Thank you for your answer.
From your point of view, for how long could have the Germans fought on in WW1 if they wouldn't have signed the Versailles Peace Treaty in 1919?
Was there a chance for a defensive war in the west? Assuming there would be no second front.
@@marceldavis5600 After the summer 1918 Allied breakthroughs in the west, and the Allied breakthrough in the Balkans in September, the Germans were already fighting a losing defensive war. They might have continued for a few weeks or maybe a couple of months after November 11, 1918, depending how far into Germany they wanted to fight. But their army did not want to fight and was already suffering from many men surrendering.
@@jessealexander2695 In my opinion germany could defense themselves because ottoman was a sick of europe man last 200 years they called for ottoman and there wasnt any techcnological weapon, ship, plane also the ottoman cant producing let me give an example; you can manufacture 10 minutes in a carpet in ottoman empire that time was 6 mont this is huge differences in brief germany was better than ottoman at every status, So german people could defense their homeland this is easly stop the ally compared to the ottoman
@@gloserkiyors954 The difference is that the Allies had a small number of troops in Turkey after 1918, and millions ready to use in Germany. The Germans could not have defended themselves anymore.
Ordular ilk hedefiniz Akdeniz ileri!
yanlış tarafa gitmişler egeye o zaman harita bulunmayınca zaar
@@turkishlidyal3266 eskiden Ege’ye İç Akdeniz denir ve Akdeniz’le bir bütün olarak görülürdü
@@turkishlidyal3266 çok cahilsin. Bir de şey bilmiyorsan konuşma, dinle.
@@ketchupinpasta1392 yabancılarda hala öyle aslında Yunanlar ve Türkler ege diyor bi
@@OguzhanCirit_ Genel bölge konuşulacaksa Akdeniz havzası denir ama özele inildiğinde Ege'ye farklı bir deniz olarak bakılıyor ve politik yaklaşım da buna göre şekilleniyor
My family lost a lot in the First World War. Very few of those who went to the front were able to return. Later, the rest of my family was burned to death by the invading Greeks in Bilecik. Today, my lineage comes from the few children who survived that Greek massacre. They destroyed everything, killed everyone, then got on their ships and returned home... No one has the right to occupy another nation's lands or massacre its people. Because of these experiences, I was a rovanchist in my youth. I don't want war anywhere in the world anymore. Every nation should live in peace on its own land and these wars should end.
Book recommendations
1. The Turkish War of Independence: A Military History, 1919-1923 | Erickson, Edward J.
2. The Young Atatürk: From Ottoman Soldier to Statesman of Turkey | George W. Gawrych
3. Atatürk by Andrew Mango
4. The Last Ottoman Wars: The Human Cost, 1877-1923 | Salt, Jeremy
you can also read nutuk by mustafa kemal atatürk himself
Turkish war of independence or Turkish war og genocide and ethnic cleansing of natives?
Not War of Independence. We were independent already. we fougth a SAlvation War and won
@@ole993 Did you fail to watch the video?
@@ole993None of those people were natives and it was Turks who were facing a genocidal campaign, don’t twist the history.
I think I wrote the same under the previous video about the Greco-Turkish war but your pronunciation is the best I've seen among all the historians on youtube, well done sir
Turks are a warrior nation, we fought not only the Greeks, but the world, and the Turks won, this victory is unique in world history, our history is full of victories.
Also full of defeats like all nations
@@qy9MC No nation is invincible, but Turks fight the enemy until their last breath.
@@SEQOO55 They’re courageous indeed
Only respect Turkiye from South Korea.
Considering Greeks literally died in Korea for your freedom,that’s extremely disrespectful.
@@Stcddot the Turkish forces in Korea fought like savages for Korean freedom, often being called heroes in Korea. The Greece sent much less man, and those who were sent, did not aggressively push the North Koreans as the Turks. Greece sent 1200 forces and Turkey sent over 15,000K.
@@Narekz 1 5k Greeks fought in Korea 200 of which were killed. 2 when asked about Greek soldiers,the American Korea vets said the Greeks fought like maniacs too. We repelled countless Chinese charges. And wtf are u talking about “didn’t push them as aggressively”? Brother,the war was at a stalemate for basically 80% of its duration. Neither u nor the Greeks nor the Americans pushed the line at all after the Chinese joined the war. In any case,our disputes have nothing to do with Koreans. If anything Koreans should be neutral on the matter and respect both our nations.
"Independence or death" is a phrase attributed to Mustafa Kemal Atatürk, stemming from the Sivas Congress.
The version found in his speech, "Nutuk":
The strongest reasoning and logic behind this decision was as follows: The fundamental principle is that the Turkish nation should live as a dignified and honorable nation. This principle can only be realized through complete independence. No matter how wealthy and prosperous, a nation deprived of independence cannot be deemed worthy of a treatment higher than that of a servant in the face of the civilized world.
Accepting the protection and patronage of a foreign state is nothing more than admitting a lack of human qualities, weakness, and laziness. Truly, it is inconceivable for those who have not sunk to such a low level to willingly bring a foreign master upon themselves. However, the dignity, pride, and capabilities of the Turk are very high and great. For such a nation, it is better to perish than to live in captivity!…
Thus, it is independence or death
The Brits and the French forbid the Greeks to capture Constantinople?
Wow... that could be a game changer.
If they let Greeks to occupy İstanbul we had much easy time in Anatolia.
@@onurpinar232 Why do you think that?
The Greek army Corp of eastern Thrace was already a few km outside of Constantinople.
@@CaptainHarlock-kv4zt I know but if you were to occupy İstanbul you would need more forces which you didnt have. Thats the reason you dispatched some of the divisions from Anatolia Army to Thrace.
@@onurpinar232 The plan was to capture Constantinople in order to reach an agreement in Anatolia and if not it would still be a massive move since Constantinople was the only thing that could unite Greeks at this point. At least a lot of them.
@@onurpinar232 The biggest problem of the Greek side(even bigger than the logistics of this whole endeavor) is that they entered a war while being extremely divided between Venizelists and Royalists. Thousands of them hated each other more than they hated the Turks.
italy+uk+france+greece vs turkey
You should say a huge spasiba to the soviet komies all day - every day for the provision of guns, food and money, otherwise there would be no such a thing as "Turkey" today...
Try are all joke for us Turks no match bring some aliens from another planets probably they have a chance
So well done, guys! Thank you for another great (war) episode!
2023
Savaş ve Harika !!!
my grand grand father lost his leg at gallipoli but still hand crafted ammunition for army. his other brothers were all dead. as he said, there was a neighbor with 6 sons, all of them died :( this war wasn't easy for anyone
Incredible episode. Really glad you focus on these very important, but lesser known (in the west) post-war events.
“Bizim kahramanlarımızı Hollywood yaratmadı.”
These were the times of war. I hope we can solve our problems with Greece with talking and friendship.
The problem is that you think that ''we have problems''...
640,000 Turkish civilians were killed on the Western Front alone
thank you. It was as unbiased and explanatory as possible.
Turkey never fought with Greece alone. They fought with British forces backed with Greece. Greece has always been a “puppet” country designed by British mindset against Turkey. Unfortunately nowadays we see the same aggression behavior from Greece again. They think USA going to back them up but it is going to be a second Ukraine case. I hope Greece takes some lessons from history otherwise they will have to learn how to swim back to Greece again like their ancestors..
There is some truth in your words. You just have to consider WHY the Greeks prefer the Westerners...
You should say a huge spasiba to the soviet komies all day - every day for the provision of guns, food and money, otherwise there would be no such a thing as "Turkey" today...
And don't forget the ussr helping the turks and being the first country to recognise them
Hmm.
You are a bit unfair. Why do you forget Russians and Germans? They backed you up many times especially at the war of 1923 by providing you weapons and funds. And if you are writing about lessons you should remember also our teaching to you in Tripolitsa at 1821, the battle of Dervenakia at 1822, the Balcan wars, when we kicked you out from our northern lands and of course the Naval battle at Limnos where your ancestors swam... You need to be fair mate and equal when you compare situations! Your nation is not made of steel!😉
Ne mutlu Türküm diyene! M.K.A🇹🇷
"In the parlance of the epoch (early 19th century), ALL MUSLIMS were referred to as "Turks", REGARDLESS of what their ethnicity would be considered today."
Roderick Beaton, Greece: Biography of a Modern Nation, pp. 123
and?
My grandfather, when he was 3 year old, had to walk 150km from Uşak to Denizli, when they lost their parents during greek occupation with his 5 year old brother. No attrocies or pain is worse than others or make it legal to inflict pain to one other but when it is done to Turkish people, it is scorch earth tactics or just some atrocies because no western journalist cared for their lives or they prefered to looked other way. The archbishop who was killed after the reoccupation of İzmir where advocating greek soldiers to kill as many Turkish as possible, while and saying that he would like to drink Turkish blood. And while greek people were living Anatolia, many Turkish people had to leave greece under the similar conditions but again that is not important because they were Turks. Ironicaly most of the people who came from balkans are not Turks. Most of them are descendants of local people who became muslim. Hope you guys would try to be unbiased next time
sen balkanlardan gelenlere TURK degilsiniz mi diyorsun ?
@@bakrdemir8656bir kısmı türk kökenli ama gelenler arasında müslüman olduğu için gelen kisiler de az değildir muhtemelen nüfus degisimi etnik kokenden çok dine göre yapıldı
@@bakrdemir8656 Türk değildi demiyorum. Ama sadece dini müslüman olduğu için gönderilenler var. Mesela hristiyan karaman Türkleri mübadele sırasında karamana gönderildiler.
Thierry isnt a greco turkish war, it is a turkish vs italy, france, great britain, armenia, georgia and ottoman goverment war. Turks were all alone, with russia stayin neutral, there is no such thing as russian support, bolsjeviks had their own civil war and had hardly any resources for themselves, let alone supplying someone else,no money came from them, the only thing we got were some rifles at the end of the war when turks had already won the Sakarya battle. Trying to belittle turkish victory doesnt change the fact that it was turks against the world,and the little greeks should have known better than to try attacking turks, greece wouldnt even exist if russia and great britain didnt create it out of the weakening ttoman empire, greece is not even a country, only a puppet and useful instrument in the hands at their masters, just like today greece obeys USA and has given all its country to for USAs military needs, all of this just because they are so afraid of turks, they fear being left all alone against turkey
Thank you for this excellent documentary!
Greece had and still today have a big appetite 😅
MY GRAND FATHER, HASAN ÇAVUŞ, WAS A VETERAN IN THIS WAR, HIS BODY HAS A BULLET IN HIS FEET WITH 80 PIECES OF SHAPELLE 🇹🇷
Dedene kurban kardeşim
@@GG-gh8dy dedemin babası Hasan çavuş 4 kardeşi şehit babası sarıkamış'ta donmuş dedesi yine Ortadoğu'da Gazi Bizim aile hep asker şehit gazi sadece dedemin babası Gazi olarak kalmış o da olmasa sülale kuruyormuş Allah tüm şehitlerimizden razı olsun tüm gazilerimizden tüm vatanseverlerimizden savaşa gitmek isteyip de gidemeyen Allah onlara da O sevabı yazsın inşallah
@@birolpursah8791 Benim de dedemin babasının babası Sarıkamışta şehit. Gözcü birliğinde, rus bombardımanında şarapnel vücudunu parçalamış şehit düşmüş. Dedemin annesinin babası Çanakkale'de şehit. Dedemin babası da gazi. Ruhları şad olsun.
@@GG-gh8dy demek ki ikimizin de atası orada şehit olmuş nerelisin kardeşim ben Ordu ünye'liyim
@@birolpursah8791 memnun oldum kardeşim Elazığlıyım ben de
Great documentary 👏. A little Greek-biassed but in essence very informative. When it comes to casualties you always say the full number of Greek civilians killed (sometimes with generally accepted exaggerated numbers) and when it comes to the Turkish side, you just say- there were also turkish civilians killed. 😆 . Seems like you rely more on greek sources. I am personally from a Balkan country equally against both these nations, but just noticed that annoying bias. Its hard to say who suffered the most. Greek cruelty in Smyrna was one of the reasons of the Turkish reorganization.
Thanks for your objectivity. That took my attention too. I thank you because when I say it, it becomes meaningless as I'm a Turk. But it is meaningful as you mention it as an outsider.
Typical Western hypocrisy.
Also very important: He specifically mentions Topal Osmans atrocities, but fails to mention that he was going to be tried for his crimes by Atatürks orders after the War which never happened because he resisted and died during the gunfight.
Mentioning crimes without bothering to explain how those countries dealt with them is not only dishonest, it's also pointless because not all the mentioned crimes had an impact on the outcome of the war. And why mention them if you're not going to include important details?
bak bir Türk olarak söylüyorum Yunanistan çok büyük katliam yaptığı için karşılığında karaağaç beldesini Türklere bırakmak zorunda kaldı. meriç nehrinin diğer tarafındaki tek Türk toprağı karaağaçtır sebebide Yunanlıların yaptığı Türk katliamlarının tazminatıdır.
Savaş iyi bir şey değil. 10:40 şimdi çok şükür Binlerce cesur ve çok zeki Topal Osman'lar var Karadeniz'de. Biz Karadeniz Türkleri çok özeliz. Duruşuna ve asaletine iyi bakın. 🇹🇷🍀
أنا أعشق تركيا و احب ان ازورها دائما.
فلسطيني
Karadeniz uşağının yoktur can yelekleri
Kavga
Cem Karaca
Turkey was once a Christian nation where apostles like Paul hailed from.
Usa used be Native American
Damn right.
turkey was never a christian nation. maybe the anatolian region was mostly christian but back then turks didint exist in anatolia. Turks came to anatolia in the 11th century after the battle of manzikert.
"By the seventeenth century, literate circles in Istanbul would not call themselves Turks, and often, in phrases such as 'senseless Turks', used the word as a term of abuse."
Imber, Colin (2009). The Ottoman Empire, 1300-1650: The Structure of Power (2 ed.). New York: Palgrave Macmillan. p. 3.
"There was the ruling Ottoman group, now largely concentrated in the bureaucracy centered on the Sublime Porte, and the mass of the people, mostly peasants. The efendi looked down on "the Turk," which was a term of opprobrium indicating boorishness, and preferred to think of himself as an Osmanli. His country was not Turkey, but the Ottoman State. His language was also "Ottoman"; though he might also call it "Turkish," in such a case he distinguished it from kaba türkçe, or coarse Turkish, the common speech. His writing included a minimum of Turkish words, except for particles and auxiliary verbs."
Davison, Roderic H. (31 December 1964). Reform in the Ottoman Empire, 1856-1876.
My reading says that Ottoman court language was based on Persian. This agrees with what is said here.
And? Ottoman Empire is still Turkish, you smooth brain
Çok büyük mücadele ve fedekarlıklar verdik . Çok büyük acılar içerisinde savaştık. En az , en iyi bir batılı devlet kadar bağımsızlığı , saygıyı ve refahı hakediyoruz
İçeride de kimileri sapun olmayı hak ediyor...
Şaka şaka
Awesome! I’ve been waiting on this channels covering of the 2nd half of the Greco Turkish war since you covered the earlier parts in earlier videos.
Outstanding video! Great work!
I love how in all these battles,.....Germans ,Italians , French and British, are always local observers. ........one would hope thats all they were.
I have a friend in Greece and her great-grandmother had to leave their home in Aydın ans flee to Greece due to this war. Also my great-grandmother had to leave their home in Aydın to survive and they flee to the mountains. There is never a one-side to any story. But I am glad we won in the end thanks to the Turkish resistance and the undermentioned underdogs like Yörük Ali Efe (you can do a research about him). I am just sad that the civilians from both sides had to die.