Passing Gases: Effusion, Diffusion, and the Velocity of a Gas - Crash Course Chemistry #16

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  • เผยแพร่เมื่อ 25 พ.ย. 2024

ความคิดเห็น • 501

  • @crashcourse
    @crashcourse  4 ปีที่แล้ว +29

    Pssst... we made flashcards to help you review the content in this episode! Find them on the free Crash Course App!
    Download it here for Apple Devices: apple.co/3d4eyZo
    Download it here for Android Devices: bit.ly/2SrDulJ

  • @NeonsStyleHD
    @NeonsStyleHD 10 ปีที่แล้ว +306

    Remember kids, v = velocity, V = Volume, m = mass, and M = Molar Mass and you can find the Molar Mass of any atom on the periodic table. :)

    • @alvisng1515
      @alvisng1515 10 ปีที่แล้ว +26

      Thanks mom

    • @truboo4268
      @truboo4268 10 ปีที่แล้ว +11

      Technically yes, and no. On the periodic table you can find the Relative Atom Mass in amu. You can convert this into a Mole by simply replacing the amu with kilograms.

    • @UnforsakenXII
      @UnforsakenXII 10 ปีที่แล้ว +32

      M is also molarity, kill us all.

    • @UnforsakenXII
      @UnforsakenXII 9 ปีที่แล้ว +5

      ***** We do represent Molar mass as g/mol more generally but there is a slightly differently drawn M that also represents molar mass. In general, M does mean molarity though.

    • @udanghr
      @udanghr 9 ปีที่แล้ว +2

      +UnforsakenXII I have seen that molarity is an italicized M... :3

  • @kelansparks8547
    @kelansparks8547 9 ปีที่แล้ว +169

    Thanks again Hank, your the only reason I'm getting through my high school chemistry with a 95%

  • @mimikinsz12
    @mimikinsz12 10 ปีที่แล้ว +62

    PLEASE TEACH AT THE UNIVERSITY OF FLORIDA. We need you so much! Im passing but Id much rather pay to be taught not pay to teach myself!

  • @borisdorofeev5602
    @borisdorofeev5602 6 ปีที่แล้ว +35

    Finally noticed Hanks tick. Left hand is constantly correcting his glasses, even though they aren't sliding off.

  • @elizabethjaco8144
    @elizabethjaco8144 7 ปีที่แล้ว +8

    These videos are literally the only reason I passed the AP chem test four years ago, and they're also the reason why I'm at the top of my class in college Chemistry.

  • @CreightonMiller
    @CreightonMiller 11 ปีที่แล้ว +10

    Very good one, Hank! In an entire undergraduate program I dealt very little with effusion. Thanks for filling in my gaps; it's so relevant to real life!

  • @goglebobo2955
    @goglebobo2955 10 ปีที่แล้ว +45

    My brain gets all smug when Hank tells me all the things I've learned in each episode;)

  • @WilliamBlanks
    @WilliamBlanks 11 ปีที่แล้ว +6

    Getting almost an A+ in AP Chemistry.
    I love you Hank.

  • @reesetyra902
    @reesetyra902 9 ปีที่แล้ว +23

    I noticed Mike Wasowski in one of the lockers of the animated school hallways (for those reading the comment section, he was in the lockers towards the right of the screen). But the science was cool too.

    • @kabigailt
      @kabigailt 7 ปีที่แล้ว

      Oh thanks. LOL

  • @NitaJain
    @NitaJain 10 ปีที่แล้ว +5

    Hank forgot to finish the problem at 6:45. The original question asked how LONG it will take for 1 L of Cl2 to effuse under identical conditions. Since the rate of effusion for Cl2 is 0.052L/min, it will take 19.23 minutes for 1 L of Cl2 to effuse.

  • @jaredjones6570
    @jaredjones6570 9 ปีที่แล้ว +14

    What in the world??? @ 8:54 it says "NH3 + HCl3 ---> NH4Cl(s)" I know this is a mistake because Hank says Hydrochloric acid, the container is labeled HCl, and the above equation is not balanced.

  • @Ralphioli
    @Ralphioli 11 ปีที่แล้ว

    i'm a chemistry undergraduate and this has always baffled me. a lot of chemistry baffles me.
    i don't think i'll ever lose this sensation, chemistry is just a baffling subject.

  • @shantellmclaggan2193
    @shantellmclaggan2193 10 ปีที่แล้ว +39

    i appreciate the Pokemon reference. Good video. :]

  • @missnailpolish96
    @missnailpolish96 11 ปีที่แล้ว +5

    Science, with added Niall... My favourite subject with a dash of my favourite Irishman, not complaining! Haha I'm actually loving this chemistry course, it's so much more understandable than I've even taught in the past!

  • @DaedricSheep
    @DaedricSheep 10 ปีที่แล้ว +147

    using crash course to "study" for my chem final this semester. Not my best idea. Don't care. The textbook sucks.

    • @Erik-yw9kj
      @Erik-yw9kj 9 ปีที่แล้ว +5

      DaedricSheep How'd your final go?

    • @DaedricSheep
      @DaedricSheep 9 ปีที่แล้ว +20

      Erik This was for first semester, so pretty well. Final took me from a C to a B so i'm all for that shit (._.)b

    • @rwolff8495
      @rwolff8495 9 ปีที่แล้ว +5

      I'm using it to study for a quiz..... I had to miss the day my teacher taught that lesson. :/

  • @ellaschmidt1384
    @ellaschmidt1384 11 ปีที่แล้ว +1

    Magic School Bus + Hank Green = everything beautiful in the world of science

  • @psychenihil5415
    @psychenihil5415 11 ปีที่แล้ว +13

    I LOVE how you used koffing!

    • @annahenderson7973
      @annahenderson7973 4 ปีที่แล้ว

      @nicole peterson Yeah no Pokemon are the WORST!

  • @smolsteph8822
    @smolsteph8822 9 ปีที่แล้ว +17

    wow 1d is everywhere

  • @potenvandebizon
    @potenvandebizon 10 ปีที่แล้ว +112

    As you might have GASSED

  • @Nukepositive
    @Nukepositive 11 ปีที่แล้ว +1

    Alternatively, Velocity uses a lowercase v, and Volume uses an uppercase V. Compare 3:54 with 5:15. As my physics professors always said, your notation doesn't really matter as long as you're consistent. Plank's constant could be 我 or Й, as long as one is consistent.

  • @ws04
    @ws04 10 ปีที่แล้ว +12

    so now the quandary is...
    should I watch these here, where it's nice and safe and clean and playlisted, or should I watch these on khanacademy, where I will get points, but effort.

  • @yuanyuansun3521
    @yuanyuansun3521 10 ปีที่แล้ว +1

    Mistakes
    1. "The velocity is proportional to the square root of the mass" -04:25( I think it should be inversely proportional)
    2. "HCl3" -08:59( It should be HCl)

  • @Baboo439
    @Baboo439 9 ปีที่แล้ว +13

    8.56 : It's HCL not HCL3

  • @erictaylor5462
    @erictaylor5462 10 ปีที่แล้ว +5

    My nephew once found an Easter Egg about two weeks BEFORE Easter. It had been in the back yard about 50 weeks. It wasn't to bad until he broke the egg.

  • @hawks1ish
    @hawks1ish 9 ปีที่แล้ว +53

    Crash Course is lying to you! The eggs aren't actually rotten! They would have a grayish discoloration which they clearly do not in the video #insidejob

    • @RexGalilae
      @RexGalilae 9 ปีที่แล้ว +17

      You don't realise that it's against Animal Rights to spoil their eggs? You're so cruel!!

    • @morodaye1417
      @morodaye1417 9 ปีที่แล้ว +2

      +Joshua Lansell-Kenny You do realize that you're wrong right?

    • @lampohchoo6399
      @lampohchoo6399 5 ปีที่แล้ว +2

      Marilyn Richie ikr must have been Hank's gas XDDDD

  • @cutoororoo685
    @cutoororoo685 7 ปีที่แล้ว +6

    As you might have GASSED,
    Crash course videos are EGGcellent!!
    P.S.HANK U R THE BEST!!

  • @MathHacker42
    @MathHacker42 10 ปีที่แล้ว +3

    In the chemical equation for the reaction of ammonia and hydrogen chloride (8:56) it should probably say NH3(g) + HCl(g) -> NH4Cl(s) instead of NH3(g) + HCl3(g) -> NH4Cl(s). (subscript 3 on Cl in HCl3 is probably a mistake)

  • @SchiferlED
    @SchiferlED 11 ปีที่แล้ว +1

    Flatus (fart gas) contains many different gases. The smelly portion of that gas is Methanethiol. Different farts have different amounts of this gas, as well as other gases that can make some worse than others.

  • @LA-MJ
    @LA-MJ 11 ปีที่แล้ว +1

    Hank, we are usually concerned with root mean square in thermodynamics, not statistical mean. They are distinctly different.

  • @OverthinkEverything
    @OverthinkEverything 11 ปีที่แล้ว

    Effusion is the process of individual molecules escaping through a small hole without bumping in to other molecules. Moving down a concentration gradient is when molecules are packed together densely and they just want to get a little bit more "elbow room," like Hank said. Both effusion and diffusion can be qualified as moving down a concentration gradient though... (at least i think so.)

  • @ragnkja
    @ragnkja 11 ปีที่แล้ว

    Or above, since it's very often a vector. Also, volume is capital V, while velocity is lower-case v. When writing physics, capitalisation matters VERY much: it's the difference between volume and velocity, between yocto-joules and yotta-joules...

  • @xKikixBriannex
    @xKikixBriannex 11 ปีที่แล้ว

    Watching crash course is how I am spending my summer. I know, I'm awesome.

  • @KalistaReyes
    @KalistaReyes 10 ปีที่แล้ว +17

    When he said, not the hatness, I looked up and was like NIALL OMG lol

  • @jafarbaba8771
    @jafarbaba8771 10 ปีที่แล้ว +1

    This is the first video I could actually apply my years of Biology education to. Yay.

  • @lemanyakubova1
    @lemanyakubova1 6 ปีที่แล้ว +2

    I LOVE NIALL HORAN, WITH HIS BLUE EYES AND BLONDE HAIR HE MAKE ME DO DIS💁‍♀️

  • @zatnosk
    @zatnosk 11 ปีที่แล้ว

    My guess would be that lower temperature gives slower diffusion.
    And when gases condense, they're essentially "removed" from the gas concentration, since they're way more tightly packed as liquids or solids.
    This means more gas eventually goes near the condenced particles, which tend to be cooler (oh yeah ;D), and thus makes more particles condence!
    Cue water on (cool) glasses when going inside from cold weather.

  • @naruto059friend
    @naruto059friend 11 ปีที่แล้ว

    As far as we need this is the old AP Chem Course

  • @drewliedtke2377
    @drewliedtke2377 11 ปีที่แล้ว +1

    Awesome experiment! MORE MORE MORE!

  • @Shadow636Fusion
    @Shadow636Fusion 11 ปีที่แล้ว

    This video instantly won when Koffing and a Pokeball were used to illustrate an example.

  • @utileknowledge6599
    @utileknowledge6599 4 ปีที่แล้ว +1

    Excellent sir I understood now thanks

  • @SandwitchReaper
    @SandwitchReaper 11 ปีที่แล้ว

    I don't think Hank or John know... too much about the principles of physics. Explaining something you don't know, or just learned isn't really too easy. I'd love to see it, but... only if it is something they enjoy. No forcing.

  • @ltericdavis2237
    @ltericdavis2237 11 ปีที่แล้ว

    its just cool getting here earlier than you normally get

  • @DanielC01000100
    @DanielC01000100 11 ปีที่แล้ว +1

    Cooooool!!!!! I loved the Koffing!!!

  • @sanaaliminati8600
    @sanaaliminati8600 8 ปีที่แล้ว +51

    I am only 11 and I love watching this show

    • @AYURBHATTA
      @AYURBHATTA 8 ปีที่แล้ว +9

      Good luck for the future to become the next Walter White.

    • @yasminakatebi9265
      @yasminakatebi9265 8 ปีที่แล้ว +7

      Don't be proud of u'r self.😐😐😐i'm 1 year younger then u and i'm a chemistry Goddess.💝

    • @corythecreeperplaysmc8464
      @corythecreeperplaysmc8464 8 ปีที่แล้ว +1

      +sana aliminati
      me too! I thought I was the only one! I don't have to feel lonely now!

    • @finnbreuner3618
      @finnbreuner3618 8 ปีที่แล้ว +17

      +sana aliminati calm down small ones

    • @yasminakatebi9265
      @yasminakatebi9265 8 ปีที่แล้ว +2

      +Yasmina Katebi though i did not meant to offend u.
      Cheers.

  • @LoDuris1
    @LoDuris1 11 ปีที่แล้ว

    Got say this made a lot more sense then the 2 min we covered this in Chem class.

  • @SimmanGodz
    @SimmanGodz 11 ปีที่แล้ว

    I stopped watching Hanks vids a while ago because I didnt like the way he presented..But this is Waaayy better then it used to be. Time to backtrack :D

  • @fathomstars
    @fathomstars 11 ปีที่แล้ว

    I can't fully see Hank's shirt, but I can tell that it's awesome.

  • @ATjfds
    @ATjfds 11 ปีที่แล้ว +3

    "That's one of the cool things about science, it always ends up making sense once you know what you're looking for."
    Best.Quote.Ever

  • @anonanon4260
    @anonanon4260 9 ปีที่แล้ว +1

    1:38 Reference. you just earned a sub

  • @VanessaVanSteenbergen
    @VanessaVanSteenbergen 10 ปีที่แล้ว +6

    omfg, I laughed when Hank said One Direction, then he used NIall !! as an analogy for hottness !! yasss !

  • @CastonEagles
    @CastonEagles 11 ปีที่แล้ว

    I loved the use of Koffing at the beginning :D

  • @SpicySalamander04
    @SpicySalamander04 11 ปีที่แล้ว +2

    Perhaps future students will find it even more handy to have the complete series.

  • @BrittanyBombshell18
    @BrittanyBombshell18 10 ปีที่แล้ว +2

    Love the Koffing!!!

  • @sabbywins
    @sabbywins 11 ปีที่แล้ว

    Excellent use of a Koffing, Crash Course.

  • @TheDazep
    @TheDazep 11 ปีที่แล้ว

    Yay, next episode is out!

  • @Dune24
    @Dune24 9 ปีที่แล้ว +33

    pokemon refrences r the best refrences

    • @genericembarrassingusernam7843
      @genericembarrassingusernam7843 9 ปีที่แล้ว +2

      The Tryhard Koffing is not a gas, essentially. Maybe Gastly would have been a better choice.

    • @kbjin1
      @kbjin1 9 ปีที่แล้ว +1

      Agreed

    • @kbjin1
      @kbjin1 9 ปีที่แล้ว +1

      But 1d references are the worst!

    • @kbjin1
      @kbjin1 9 ปีที่แล้ว +1

      That is, in my opinion

    • @TheMitchy27
      @TheMitchy27 8 ปีที่แล้ว +2

      Koffing and Weezing represent air pollution.

  • @NDMegan
    @NDMegan 11 ปีที่แล้ว

    Have you guys considered making the crash course series available on DVD? As a teacher with sometimes unreliable internet, I would be interested.

  • @StaticTricity
    @StaticTricity 11 ปีที่แล้ว

    Please please please do a chemistry episode about salt!

  • @KVideos789
    @KVideos789 9 ปีที่แล้ว

    the examples help soooooo much

  • @SSGranor
    @SSGranor 11 ปีที่แล้ว

    If you think that's bad, you should consider the greek letter rho. I can think of 6 different ways it's used in physics just off the top of my head.

  • @davinator3000
    @davinator3000 11 ปีที่แล้ว +1

    I think you should do one on use of energy to change temp. since you keep referring to temp. as the change in kinetic energy

  • @realjanuary
    @realjanuary 11 ปีที่แล้ว

    between 4:00 and 4:20 it could be made a little clearer that kinetic energy is inversely proportional to sqrt(m), and not m. The combination of the square root sign not going all the way down, Hank's voice over for the equation and the description afterwards all make it a little ambiguous.
    Great stuff as always, just nit picking.

  • @mikaeljensen4399
    @mikaeljensen4399 9 ปีที่แล้ว +2

    4:12 Well no. The mass is inversly proportional to the square of the velocity and thus the velocity is inversly proportional to the squareroot of the mass.

  • @BUNNY5465464
    @BUNNY5465464 11 ปีที่แล้ว

    I hit the Like button as soon as I saw Koffing.

  • @97Senator
    @97Senator 2 หลายเดือนก่อน

    I love how Hank tried to do John's "chair slide" Crash Course intro at the beginning...

  • @TxaiFolly
    @TxaiFolly 11 ปีที่แล้ว

    allright, i will not group them all together but the ones i know truly know nothing about music, not about how to write and read it, not about it's history (they didn't know who madeus mozart was), nor about instruments (they didn't know what a trombone was), etc, etc.

  • @hpispwn98
    @hpispwn98 11 ปีที่แล้ว

    i'm not ashamed to say i watched this only to find out where niall came into this and i can't say i was disspointed ily hank

  • @macjsus
    @macjsus 11 ปีที่แล้ว

    Now you say gases spread out away from each other until they dispersed evenly through an available space. By moving from a higher to lower concentration. What about during condensation, when cool to do gases still move apart, as the liquify, or do they come together? Basically I am asking how temperature effects diffusion.

  • @13Gnimming
    @13Gnimming 11 ปีที่แล้ว

    Please, hank, Crash Course physics. You know it's the right thing to do. Especially considering the nuke poised over the David Tennant's house.

  • @randomgnome
    @randomgnome 11 ปีที่แล้ว

    The airspeed velocity of an unladen European Swallow is roughly 11 meters per second, or 24 miles per hour

  • @QuasiTheSecond
    @QuasiTheSecond 11 ปีที่แล้ว

    well these are a great review for my first year of college chemistry.

  • @akemi-de-lol
    @akemi-de-lol 5 ปีที่แล้ว +1

    Anyone notice Hank's shirt?
    Nice references btw.

  • @spaceface124
    @spaceface124 11 ปีที่แล้ว

    Hank, thanks for the videos!
    But two questions. When is Crash Course Physics going to come, and when is the lab safety episode? After all, lab safety has been referenced at least once and is in the intro.

  • @juliahcornell
    @juliahcornell 11 ปีที่แล้ว

    So much better than... my chemistry homework.

  • @MrThepwnstar
    @MrThepwnstar 11 ปีที่แล้ว

    velocity is actually displacement divided by change in time. Speed is total distance divided by change in time

  • @carloss.4511
    @carloss.4511 11 ปีที่แล้ว

    I am really hoping there will one day be a crash course or scishow category on physics (or branches of it, fluid dynamics would be fun)

  • @williamcarter7977
    @williamcarter7977 8 หลายเดือนก่อน

    Rotten eggs produce hydrogen sulfide. What kind of gas do humans produce? 2:07 Net Velocity vs Average Velocity. Definitions. 3:12 Tempture. An expression of the average kinetic energy of particles in a system. Why heat burns speed of particles. The faster the speed the more energy. 3:58 The formula for kinetic energy. The cool thing about science is that it always makes sense. The uncool thing about religion is that it rarely makes sense. 10:25 Summary!

  • @MeleeTiger
    @MeleeTiger 11 ปีที่แล้ว

    1, kickin' shirt there Hank.
    2, How do you avoid copyrights with how much stuff you guys slip in there?

  • @Leopr1
    @Leopr1 11 ปีที่แล้ว

    never knew that last experiment, it's very cool

  • @meenupawar6311
    @meenupawar6311 5 ปีที่แล้ว +1

    Very nice explainaion

  • @BoomChild
    @BoomChild 11 ปีที่แล้ว +1

    This would have been an amazing series if it was around when I was in Chem AP. Actually... youtube would have been amazing if it was around when I was in Chem AP....

  • @SpitViciouz
    @SpitViciouz 11 ปีที่แล้ว

    Koffing was in this video, AND THERE WAS MUCH REJOICEMENT! *yay*.

  • @prajwalgupta6957
    @prajwalgupta6957 7 ปีที่แล้ว

    awesome hank we love your videos

  • @launcelot20
    @launcelot20 11 ปีที่แล้ว +2

    Was no one else freaking out when they threw out a koffing?

  • @FufuhBR
    @FufuhBR 11 ปีที่แล้ว

    I finally get the HCl + NH3 in the tube experiment... 1 year later. Thanks crashcourse team. :)

  • @digitaljarjar
    @digitaljarjar 11 ปีที่แล้ว

    Why not apply a bit of what Hank taught us in this video? Simply plug the molar mass of hydrogen sulphide gas (the primary "bad smell" of a fart, H2S, appx. 34 g/mol) and the molar mass of air (appx. 78:21:1 N2:O2:Ar, appx. 29 g/mol) into Graham's Effusion Equation.
    Note: results will vary based on altitude, humidity, and H2S concentration of the fart (methanethiol can contribute to a fart's putridity, but is usually present in very low concentrations).
    Science FTW!

  • @sanguineel
    @sanguineel 11 ปีที่แล้ว

    What is the exact difference between effusion and moving down a concentration gradient?

  • @BlackCat_2
    @BlackCat_2 11 ปีที่แล้ว

    Sweet you made a Kaze no Kizu (wind scar) at 09:07 :)
    - Heidi

  • @ronaldoeid4151
    @ronaldoeid4151 9 ปีที่แล้ว

    Excellent video!

  • @jacktheripper2505
    @jacktheripper2505 6 ปีที่แล้ว +1

    Passing gas!

  • @Whoopsywoo14
    @Whoopsywoo14 11 ปีที่แล้ว

    This is all very handy, but my chemistry exam was yesterday.

  • @EDUARDO12348
    @EDUARDO12348 11 ปีที่แล้ว +1

    stupid fast stove particles get me every time

  • @guyonacomputer1261
    @guyonacomputer1261 10 ปีที่แล้ว +2

    Wait, so burns are just increased molecular speed in our bodies? Then why does combustion occur at an extreme heat (like when close to lava)?

    • @Trunks47r786
      @Trunks47r786 10 ปีที่แล้ว +6

      Yup, burns are just increased molecular motions of our cells to the point of damage. Nociceptors are nerve cells that pick up this damage and report it to our brains as pain. Combustion doesn´t occur because the activation energy to reach combustion is too high for the molecules in our body compared to say paper.

    • @UnforsakenXII
      @UnforsakenXII 10 ปีที่แล้ว

      Denaturation of proteins and other organic molecules can go a loooooooooooonggggg way.

  • @yuyuflex
    @yuyuflex 11 ปีที่แล้ว +2

    So... Maybe I'm not smart enough to understand ALL of it because I'm actually going to the 8th grade.... But can someone explain to me what "mv" is and means?

  • @gwenythice7230
    @gwenythice7230 9 ปีที่แล้ว +3

    Life saver.

  • @TheRumpusView
    @TheRumpusView 11 ปีที่แล้ว

    Why on Earth do they refer to HCl as hydrochloric acid? It isn't, it is hydrogen chloride, and as someone else commented, at 8:54 they use the wrong formula, despite having he correct formula on the plastic dishes used in the experiment.
    Still, this is, as usual, a very good video. They must take a heck of a lot of effort.
    I want those models sitting on the desk. :D

  • @DannyandPatty
    @DannyandPatty 11 ปีที่แล้ว

    You can also try to download the videos to your computer using a converter. It's free but it's kind of risky.

  • @Shubham_pandey-nk1un
    @Shubham_pandey-nk1un 4 ปีที่แล้ว +2

    He speaks faster than the velocity of gas

  • @DarkPrinceOfClowns
    @DarkPrinceOfClowns 5 ปีที่แล้ว

    Do you have any crash courses in mathematics?
    I used to love math...until junior high...when I had a math teacher that acted alot like Snape, a science teacher obsessed with mushrooms, and that's not even going into the english teacher who knoew less english than me, and the other teacher who thought telling a bunch of teenager to do whatever they wanted as long as they didn't disturb those who wanted to learn. >>
    So, yeah... I really could use a good basic course in math covering junior high and high school math, and I bet alot of other people had much the same problem. (Tho maybe for different reasons.) And finding a free GOOD math course online seems nearly impossible. >>
    Plus, I love the chemistry teacher here, despite his speed-spech, and the way to make everything come to live in CrashCourse, so...