Entropy: Embrace the Chaos! Crash Course Chemistry #20
ฝัง
- เผยแพร่เมื่อ 26 พ.ย. 2024
- Life is chaos and the universe tends toward disorder. But why? If you think about it, there are only a few ways for things to be arranged in an organized manner, but there are nearly infinite other ways for those same things to be arranged. Simple rules of probability dictate that it's much more likely for stuff to be in one of the many disorganized states than in one of the few organized states. This tendency is so unavoidable that it's known as the 2nd Law of Thermodynamics. Obviously, disorder is a pretty big deal in the universe and that makes it a pretty big deal in chemistry - it's such a big deal that scientists have a special name for it: entropy. In chemistry, entropy is the measure of molecular randomness or disorder. For the next thirteen minutes, Hank hopes you will embrace the chaos as he teaches you about entropy.
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Table of Contents
Second Law of Thermodynamics 0:45
Entropy 2:01
DEMONSTRATION! 4:28
BA(OH)2•8H2O+NH4Ci 10:25
J.W. Gibbs & Gibbs Free Energy 7:23
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Pssst... we made flashcards to help you review the content in this episode! Find them on the free Crash Course App!
Download it here for Apple Devices: apple.co/3d4eyZo
Download it here for Android Devices: bit.ly/2SrDulJ
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The energy I required to process that information increased the entropy of the universe. A lot.
Hahahaah xD
I get that that is a joke but it's funny cause it's true
losing it! hahaha!!!!
HAHAHAHAHA, I'm laughing so hard, and I guess heat is being transferred to the surroundings and I'm increasing the entropy too!
I am going to increase your entropy if you keep making this jokes
30 pages of my textbook in 13 mins 40 secs. This is why I love you.
Pages? He explained a whole semester of chemistry!
+Alvin Cornelius this is 2 pages in the UK A2
+Manofiron norifonoM I think you guys are screwed if thats 1 whole semester xD Granted this is literally the foundation of Chem II
+Manofiron norifonoM this was a single online lecture during reading week for chemistry for engineers lol.
Erza Fernandes Also cracked some jokes to help with my short attention span
I watched this last year, couldn't understand most of it, so subsequetly forgot. Now I've learnt this at school and I can understand EVERYTHING. Watching some CC chemistry and Hank just explains everything we learnt really concisely.
Anybody else had this experience?
I've got to tell y'all: my chemistry teacher just gave us an assignment regarding entropy and said she'd linked two relevant videos. I immediately thought: please let it be crash course and Hank! (cause I love this chanel) then she said: it's an old man explaining it very well and my hope was shattered, cause my teachers the same age as you and hella young. THEN IT WAS YOU AND NOW I'M SO HAPPY I DON'T EVEN CARE THAT MY CLASS IS SO LOUD I CAN'T HEAR WHAT YOU'RE SAING. Well, well. Thanks for making my day 🙏 Also: I live in Sweden and all the paragraphed conversations above was in Swedish, so: you're officially famous I guess!
This summed up my understanding of enthalpy, entrophy, gibbs and why in 10 minutes without boring me. Love these videos.
It's amazing for revision. I keep coming back for reminders haha
Helped me too😁
What about empathy?
I learned more from this 12 minute video than I did from listening to my professor for an hour. Thank you Crash Course for always being there when I need you most!
Fun Fact:
Saying "I SUMMON ENTROPY" actually creates entropy.
HA!
Dam😮😮😮 Your right
:-o
Isn't it the opposite?
This made my mind blow
dang, he predicted the ending of infinity war when he disappeared into dust
@Mason Finney 0:08
I was looking for this comment..
@@ashleycabel2365 Me too
@adelinetheawesome I think we've to watch Endgame to prove it wrong(idk myself right or wrong)?
I knew someone would bring this up!
your video editing style is: warm, smooth, simple, professional, pleasant to the eye! (trying not to use vague words like "amazing" these days)
Even the style of your office is giving out good vibes! Thank you for creating this video!
Entropy isn't what it used to be.
Huh, I see what you did there...
Very clever :)
XD
Ayyy 😂
Subtle!
My brain is in entropy.
I had to pause at "the particles and energies that make up my concept of self" because he blew my mind.
A.k.a 0:33 - 0:39, not even 40 seconds in
Draco Xander HA HA HA
Actually fool, Only mind isn't affected by entropy,
You know things more, can organzise your mind more and .... if you try...
HIgh entropy*
A bit of a reflection I had a few days ago:
- Life can only exist in a universe with matter and energy.
- Matter and energy only become measurable through energy exchanges. In an empirical sense, the energy that can not participate in energy transfers might as well not be there at all, and matter that cannot transmit or absorb energy is impossible to interact with. They only exist through energy exchanges.
- Energy exchanges only happen because they decrease the free energy of the universe. They only happen basically because the entropy of the universe increases. Energy transfers only happen in the one direction that is irreversible.
- The only possible result of this is the eventual depletion of the free energy of a system; the state of maximal entropy. The heat death of the universe.
Therefore:
Life only exists through the progressive heat death of the universe.
Life only exists because of the one thing that will one day end all life forever.
Can a shadow on the wall escape the object that projects it?
Can a wave on the surface of the sea escape water?
Can entropy escape entropy?
Can life escape death?
Can anything escape itself?
It cannot.
GregTom2 You've listed several subjective interpretations of personified abstractions leading you to an equally poetic, yet nonsensical, set of conclusions that mean absolutely nothing. Congratulations.
Nick Anderson Lol
I need more explanation about life itself
and yet my brain is still trying to figure out a way to survive and thrive.
real quick though, didn't he say that the reactions can absorb heat, release heat, cause chaos, or cause order? why is it than that free energy is in a irreversible direction?
Interesting I actually learned about entropy before, but it was in an anime called "Puella Magi Madoka Magica" and how they explained it in episode 9 or chapter 9 on page 12 is that - "A simple example of Entropy (the second law of thermodynamics) is that the energy that occurs when you burn a tree doesn't equal the amount of energy required for a tree to grow. Transforming anything from one form to another results in some loss of energy."
When they explained Entropy like that it was confusing at first but once I read it about 3 times I kind of understood it a little, but the way you explained it to me help me understand it a little better. :)
I'm also here out of the firm belief that if I track ／人◕ ‿‿ ◕人＼ down, tie him up, and make him watch this video, he'll realize his life is a lie and renounce his . . . unconventional . . . means of battling entropy, embrace his cuteness and perhaps even enroll in a legitimate physics class, get a degree, contribute to society, etc.
Oh my God!!! This is just what I need a month before AP Chemistry test!!! I've been looking for reviews like this since forever! I just love how this is faster and goes sooner-to-the-point than Khan Academy (no offense, I love Khan Academy too, but it's just not helpful when you are in a hurry).
Gonna have to watch this twice. That was a lot on info.
mylobage he talks so fast assuming we understand every single bit of info. In reality when I lose him in a short time the rest of what he says doesn't make sense...
mylobage best way I found was to not watch but just listen and only look at the video when equations are mentioned.
Seriously you guys make life so much easier. Thank you guys for saving my grade
Consistently the Crash Course team produces a high standard of easily comprehensible summaries which delve into the heart of the topic. I'm really impressed.
Many thanks once again.
Thank you so much Hank! My chemistry teacher would rather recite the relations between the signs of enthalpy, entropy, and free energy, rather than actually teaching us what they are and what the signs mean. This has cleared so much up :)
I've been through classes with names such as Chem 1, Advanced Chemistry, introduction to chemistry, thermodynamics, applied thermodynamics, heat and mass transfer, properties of materials and so forth each time hearing about entropy and getting a slightly better grasp and yet this is the BEST explanation of entropy I've ever gotten. Good job, Hank, very good job.
Also it makes me super happy to hear of Gibbs Free energy getting mentioned - I don't think it gets enough attention.
Wow, I feel too stupid at the moment to understand all this, favorites, back to studying.
This guy is the Bill Nye of the 21 century.
superfinevids Y'know Bill Nye's still alive, right? And that he has another show?
Yeah we do...
That bill nye doesn't count.
This comment didn't age well.
Bill Nye has a degree in Mechanical Engineering.
This video is the best explanation of fundamental thermodynamics anywhere.
Hey there! We use Futura Medium Condensed.
3:17 Skrillex appears in a chemistry course that's the definition of chaos
This ACTUALLY helped me do my chemistry homework. You. Rock.
0:30 Beautifully expressed with the "statistics of infinite possibilities" wording. I always stutter when i'm trying to explain this. Nice.
I love how you simplified this topic, which has confounded so many students. Although it does not encompass the Maxwell Equations, the explanation here was very accurate and clear.
I want to take my time to say thank you and I appreciate that you explain chemistry in most entertaining and easy way to understand! Thank you!
The quality of these videos is consistently stunningly good.
Here studying for my Chem test in 2018 AND IS THAT AN INFINITY WAR REFERENCE IN 2013
what reference?
Your video increased the entropy of my brain. The best explanation of entropy on youtube is given by Steve Mould. Watching it will clear the doubts about entropy.
This 13 minute video helped me more with chemistry than 2 semesters in high school and 1 in college.
All the information is super helpful! The only thing that could make it better is more accurate closed captioning. I find it easier to take notes and follow along with the CC but it's even more important for other people who can't hear. It's a great way to help students get EVEN MORE of the content out of the video AS WELL AS make it available to a wider audience. Not sure if anyone from Crash Course reads these, but thought I might put it out there anyway.
Till today, I was still wondering how DIO could freeze people in JoJo part 1. I still don't get it.
My girlfriend is taking an intro chemistry course, and I've been forcing her to watch the CC:Chemistry videos whenever I can make her sit through one. She actually watched this one, too! I think it was a sign, because on her exam today the extra credit question was about entropy, and now she wishes she'd paid more attention to the video.
Did I get lost along the way,
playing nice like they wanted me to be?
No, I will not smile to make your day,
I just wanna cause a little ENTROPY
You tried so hard
to make a hero out of me
but there are some rules I don't obey
and I just wanna cause a little ENTROPY
That entropy driven reaction you did contributes to the heat death of universe. Good job.
Test tomorrow and I don't know any of this stuff. God damn it.
Melted did you passed?
That was a while ago but yeah I studied till like 4 this night I think ended up getting an A :D Thanks CrashCourse
Melted Good luck then :)
Melted saaaaame dude
With did always first form of verb comes Yousef Dajani
Nice presentation. Humans spend most of the time fighting against the disorder of the universe, beginning with their homes... ("What are you doing, dear?" "I'm protecting our house from entropy...") At the end, you overlooked that most viewers would have learned that entropy relates to order/disorder and enthalpy relates to heat (and you assumed that this was so fundamental that most people knew it already)... good that you included the math, though few will have followed - people will realize that you need the math not necessarily to understand the relationships or processes, but to determine 'how much' (and even better, 'exactly' how much)...
This is what I sold my soul for?
you talk so fast and use such extravagant examples, I often find it hard to follow these vids. but i still watch them, and try to get as much out of them as i can. thank you!
His glasses are best example of entropy😂😂 @crashcourse
studying for my ap chem quiz while in the midst of a depressive episode without worsening the depressive episode is a wonderful feat only our lovely hank can do. thank you!!
Thought I would never be able to figure this out. Thanks!
I have finally reached the point where I can understand this. My life is complete.
At least someone bothers to teach Gibbs Free Energy. My teacher removed it from our course and it's on the AP test.
Best explanation of entropy, enthalpy and Gibbs free energy I've ever seen! Had to re-watch certain parts due to the immense speed, but absolutely awesome nevertheless! Great job combining an actual example, reaction equation and calculations! You sir, have earned yourself another subscriber!
"if you ever feel like dying for the sake of the universe, call me, I'll be waiting." - Kyubey
Entropy allows you to rank collections of molecules on the macroscopic scale by the amount of disorder on a microscopic scale; the more possibilities for rearranging the constituents microscopically (easier in liquids and gases than solids, for example), the greater the entropy. To create order out of disorder takes energy to move the disordered stuff, beyond the energy required for the individual reactions. This extra is the dispersed energy; divide by temperature to get entropy change.
I highly recommend watching this on half speed, not only does he sound drunk, i can actually absorb some of what he's saying.
this is just awesome! congratulations you guys!
- someone in brazil who just saved herself from chemistry
"Embrace the Chaos!"
i'm embracing it believe me :')
Clarification of the 2nd law was definitely needed, thank you. It's one of creationists favourite arguments, even though they have no clue what it means.
The theme audio reminds me of my childhood so much, I don’t even know why
got midterms tomorrow and these videos are saving my life
Yay I like that endothermic reaction! We did that in the lab, I cooled my fingers and got choked by the ammonia.
I so needed to see this video two semesters ago... but better late than never!
honestly saving my ass for my test tomorrow. I LOVE YOU!!!!!!
It's kind of awkward that Hank has taught me more about my university level science courses than my profs have... But you go Hank I'm definitely not complaining! These videos are why I got a B in bio last semester xD
Mathematics is the most beautiful language of all languages.
but it will never answer "Why bother?"
Ewww no.
It’s a shame it’s ambiguity’s mirror modern sarcasm
I had no understanding of what entropy was until I watched this- You are AWESOME
Ok how did he know I ate lunch then cleaned my house today? Like that's literally all I did today :O
the little jingle with hank jamming, love it!
Awesome video! This whole concept is a lot much clearer
Yes, clear as mud.
Prépa taught me things in the most irrational way, I have totally forgotten about those notions...
Now, I do believe that after seeing this video, it will be long long enough before forgetting about those notions, and what do they exactly mean and how to interpret them and how to use them and how and how...
Thank you man!
Watched this in Chemistry today. Aw yeah.
The episode in Wonders of the Universe explains great about entropy
Heh, the "slow degradation of my body into dust" was so dark.
I'm watching this to review for my test that's in a few days, it's all on thermodynamics. I'm glad I'm not completely lost. This is very helpful because the side comments like the piercing thing makes this stuff more memorable. I have a good grasp on thermo, I just need to practice reading the word problems correctly.
please, people... PLEASE... stop saying that entropy is "messiness", it just makes it more confusing (and saying its randomness is plain wrong). entropy is the tendency of everything going for the lowest possible energy state everywhere, its not mess its equilibrium. when all the matter in the universe wants to be equally distributed and in a state where it can't release or absorb energy, its clearly not wanting to be messy...
+Danilo “Dantiger” Oliveira I'm glad there was someone here to say that. I had to look at reactions on cellular levels, which are driven by entropic force, to understand how molecules like enzymes use all the available free energy, from other molecules, to progress to a lower energy state that drives a reaction... and I think that is what you described, and microstates also come into it.
Sometimes when I'm sure I've understood it, someone throws 'disorder' or 'randomness' around and confuses things.
+Danilo ”Dantiger” Oliveira That asumes the universe works that way. The universe could be governed by laws that are strong and competent enough to form the universe we observe right now as the lowest energy state. The second law of thermodynamics says nothing about our universe, it just forms a basic asumption that is fundamental for science as a philosophy and method. It is as fundemental as the conservation of energy or Newton's laws of motion. They do not say anything about the specific characteristics of our universe, only what we have to asume to make scientific research and understanding meaningfull.
I learned about Entropy first in an English course in college. There is a short story called Entropy about Vietnam war vets who choose to live a life of partying and ignore the world around them and a man who has an indoor menagerie and is trying to control his environment. We also studied it in terms of the novel Hiroshima and I wrote a paper on the dangers not being involved in society. Super interesting.
I'm quite concerned that he isn't wearing gloves or goggles...whoops
as a second year chem student I still do not wear gloves, for most chemicals gloves are not as important. for the chemicals which will leach through your skin given enough time they will also leach through your glove. the best gloves will only protect you for around 15 minutes before the chemical reaches your hand. this is why yes gloves are important but working save is more important.
just remember to never touch the chemicals with your hand and if it happens remove the gloves and wash hands, as for most chemicals that do not leach through your hands don't overexpose them.
Also sitting over the beaker and inhaling the ammonia 🙊
also before I'm in a situation where I would put on gloves (for my protection) I think a lab coat would be a good idea.
thank you just went over a whole boring lecture in 13 mins, you have saved my life
Am I the only one who uses these videos to study for AP Chem tests?
i do too
No, that just ensures that the reagents are correctly mixed and can react with each other, as the reagents are solid they don't mix easily otherwise. The "energy" supplied by stirring will be tiny, dG of -11kJ is a large number, 1J is the amount of energy needed to lift an apple 1m, so it's the same as doing that 11,000 times.
I'm watching a video about chemistry by choice and not regretting it... WTF IS THIS
It's 8:35 in the morning, i did not sleep for at least 30 hours and i have no idea what this person is talking about - still watching & enjoying it.
i want to see the bloopers for this stuff lol
This is the first time I thank you Hank, but you are in all my classes at 0.75speed because you're amazing!!!
0:51 that second law of thermodynamics is wrong. For a correct definition, you would replace disorder with entropy. I know this is a basic introductory video, but you should mention that disorder is not the same as entropy, and interchange them in your definitions is a bit misleading.
gosh i've always been doing entropy without understanding what the hell i was doing BIG THANK YOU FOR THE EFFORT PUT INTO MAKING SUCH A BEAUTIFUL ENJOYABLE VIDEO:)
Is time a measurement of entropy?
I'd have thought so. I'm interested in anyone else's thoughts on this?
Darth Doge It's funny how a measurement(2) of a measurement(1) can be a measurement(1).
If time is a measurement of entropy, and entropy is a measurement of disorder, then could we not combine them/or just use time to measure disorder or am I understanding it wrong?
No, time is not a measurement of entropy, time passes regardless of entropy. Maybe this changes with relativity and stuff, that is the first I could think of.
I thought that that could be so, then I realized that if you measure this time as a value of entropy then a time 2 hours later as a measurement of entropy the difference will not have equal units as entropy does not increase at a steady rate over a certain period time when compared to other periods of time.
if it's not .. then it has to be a correlation between entropy and time because they are sharing things in common .. such as the reversibility
A chaotic system is one that is very easily influenced by outside forces. Like, wind is very chaotic, anything that moves will change the flow of air, which in turn, will change the flow of air around it (with diminished returns, but still). Or, you could take the double pendulum for example where any difference in start position will cause drastic change in it's pattern.
About orderliness: if easily bound chemicals are floating around in water, then come into contact, they will bind, and
Completely unrelated but Hank reminds me of Sheldon Cooper
like mdiem said, its really a lot more simple than it looks. Since they want to condense the videos to strictly chrmistry, they just flash the math parts up and don't explain themselves on it because its just looking up figures in a table then multiplication and addition/subtraction.It's actually really simple.
Hank, did you have to learn Physical Chemistry as part of your undergrad degree?? TEACH ME PCHEM!!
He got a degree in Biochemistry, so most probably yes he took Pchem.
Thanks Hank and Co. You simplify some extremely complex concepts. I know about a lot so these videos are a very good refresh as well as a good start for anyone wanting to learn chemistry
aaah chemistry the only place where plus is minus
I'm addicted to these. These videos are awesome.
When are they going to make Crash Course Physics?
Your name is St. Hank. Your work decreases the disorder of my mind, Hank.
Ammonium Chloride Is NH4Cl your chart shows it as NH3Cl
Solvent Biocide our class also picked up that error aswell
Standard enthalpies/entropies assume standard temp (298K) and Gibbs free energy formula assumes constant pressure and temp. In the demo, the temp obviously changes (gets much colder). The delta S value could be corrected from the standard to something much larger as it still overcomes the low temp to exceed delta H and allow the reaction to proceed spontaneously. The demo still holds, just the effect of entropy is larger than the calculation in the video suggests. Thanks for a great vid.
Anyone taking IB Chem 11 here?
10 years ago I did. This video gave me horrible flashbacks.
nope, just curiosity
frank fei
IIT -JEE
Nick debenedetto if just for curiosity do you intensively listen or just nod your head and not rewind if you missed something? And do you try practicing with equations?
Second year IB now actually.... Oh why would I ever choose the IB
These videos are helping me pass my chemistry class and passing this class is key to a lot of other shit working out so just wanted to say THANK YOU THANK YOU THANK YOU!!! These videos have saved my ass!
Is it me or the must is catchy 0:05
Eliot Lee music*
+Eliot Lee Yes, it is just you, that being said its now stuck in my head
Indeed, and it wasn't to provide energy, it was to ensure mixing of the components and maximise effective surface area. The "energy" supplied by stirring something is minuscule compared to the energy taken in from the surroundings during the endothermic process. This reaction DOES work without stirring, just a lot slower as you have to wait for the water of hydration to be released and allow the components to dissolve together.
And my brain melted
Watched it 2-3 times to process and finally understand everything he was saying.
skyler 1998 lol
I don't even need chemistry any more but this video was so well structured that I had to sub .