He forgot to mention one other survivor... A dog that was in its kennel in the cargo hold SOMEHOW survived and was evacuated along with the other survivors away from the wreckage
After watching all of your videos, I am greatly relieved that I survived 33 year flying career with 15k flight hours, without incident nor accident....in Australia and SE/SW Asia
This is a perfect example of the Swiss cheese model among other things. Like most if not all crashes like this, it’s never just one or two or even three things that cause of the crash. all the holes in the Swiss cheese have to line up perfectly. I can’t remember the name of the doctor that came up with this model but I think it’s brilliant.
It's really insane that neither Boeing nor the FAA understand that model and still insist to put commercial interest above safety and adding / not leaving out one of the slices.
@@beyondEV its not insane at all. insane would be if they were eating scaprs from the wing with blue cheese crumbles. its late stage capitalism. its very predictable, immoral and clearly all the rage amongst the rich
Two biggest errors for me were 1. not climbing as soon as they realised they were in a confused/unknown position given the surrounding terrain and 2. not retracting air brakes when in terrain avoidance mode.
So like did you not watch the end of the video where 1 was spoken about being the current standard, and 2 was moved to more automated systems in these situations?
@@ElderWillows Note that he never said that those two errors _should_ be implemented; he simply said that the two biggest errors the pilots made in his mind _were_ not climbing and not retracting speed brakes. Note the words "should" and "were"
Erasing those beacons was no small mistake in mountainous country in the dark. You don't deviate in dark mountains. I'm surprised they got as far as they did before smacking into a mountainside. Tragic.
My friend when I was a little girl was on this flight with her family, visiting her mom’s family for Christmas. I always remember her and think often about what she or her little brother would be doing today. Thanks for your sensitive and informative video on this tragedy.
Wow that’s crazy. I study a lot of aviation incidents and accidents because I’m fascinated with aviation. Your comment is surprisingly more common than you would think. When looking at comments and studying a lot of these accidents, it amazes me how many people either were connected or know somebody who was connected with a particular incident or accident.
I've noticed watching these kinda videos that usually some survive whenever a plane crashes in to a forest since the trees slow down the plane massively. But no idea if that's true
"American Airline Flight 965 was truly one of the few crashes that have had this affect" He says, as the baggage conveyor plows through the passenger bus
I guess if you won’t excuse it then it can’t happen again. Refusing to accept or forgive other people’s humanity causes it to be impossible to be repeated. You’ve saved thousands. Thank you on behalf of mankind.
It is entirely possible that, due to the airlines' policy of staying on a charted route at all times, this pilot may never before have asked for a direct routing to anywhere on an arrival. The phrase, "Cleared direct to Rozo (or anywhere)" means that Rozo is merely the clearance limit; you must stay on the charted arrival route to Rozo. If the controller has said, "... cleared direct, present position to Rozo..." the crew could have erased Tulua and proceeded directly to Rozo. In any event, I think we all learned an important lesson from this accident: At the very moment when confusion seems to reign supreme, abandon what you are doing and get the heck out of Dodge. Climb to a safe altitude and get back to a good starting point. Get back into the green.
He may have flown there before, but it might have been a while since he last did so. Pilots don't only fly the one route. Last flight could have been months or years before the crash.
Agreed, if the pilots were aware how high the mountains were you would think it would be extraordinarily disconcerting to be unsure where they were while descending in complete darkness...
@@bmused55 thats not true when we are talking about very difficult, stressfull or dangerous experiences. Our brains are wired to remember in great detail these kinds of tasks. This was a major cognitive failure on this pilots part.
I’ve noticed a number of times where a pilot comments that something doesn’t feel/look/seem right, seems odd/strange, but not react to it if the other pilot doesn’t confirm it. I recall one flight in particular that took off on the wrong runway. The co-pilot commented on a few things that seemed strange, like no runway lights, but the Captain was focused on taxiing and takeoff and just said, Yeah. As a result, they ended up crashing because the runway was too short.
Something I've seen come up a significant number of times - but that the industry hasn't seemed to have done anything about. Is AirBus's dual input "averaging", where if one pilot pushes forward and the other back, the plane takes the average. It has been involved in several accidents that I've seen. I know there's a dual input audio alarm (although I've heard that's overridden by other alarms?) - but it's obviously not enough. Sure when one pilot is pulling back by 4 degrees and the other by 5 degrees yeah it makes sense to average them. But when they're doing completely different things it makes no sense to average them. Given how advanced the computers are, especially on Airbus - to me it would make sense that the computer calculate who is likely right and follow that pilots input. Their planes will already ignore pilot inputs and have the computer take over (in some situations we've seen the computer take over from the pilot and perform the opposite manoeuvre and save the plane), so it's not like doing this would be a sudden jump in automation. If the pilots are fighting each other like this something has already gone dramatically wrong - I'd rather the computer take an educated guess than continue to average two completely different things. Also the button to take control from the other pilot needs some serious tweaking. At the moment you have to hold it for 12 seconds to take full control. That's an insanely long time when one pilot is inputting dangerous to suicidal inputs. Also does anyone know what happens if the other pilot pushes the button? What if the dangerous pilot pushes the button first. I think the button time should be lowered to 2 seconds. And if both pilots are pressing it - the plane should again look at which pilot is performing the more dangerous manoeuvre, and ignore their button. I seriously can't believe how many times it has come up and no one has said "Ok Airbus that's a cool feature for normal flying, but when you have a dangerous pilot maybe you shouldn't just carry on averaging like everything is normal?"
@@lost4468ytI think the computer sums it up and doesnt avarage it out. People say it avarages it out because in most situationens this leads to an accident one pilot is pushing up and the other down. However there was also once an accident in which both pilots pulled back and the computer summed the numbers up to an unsafe degree of climb and therefor ignored the pilots inputs alltogether leading into a near crash landing.
@@Rammstein0963.It was Singapore Airlines flight 006. Crashed into the construction equipment at Taipei Airport when the pilots mistook a taxiway under construction for the runway, in very bad weather.
ugh this one was tragic, thats why its best to over-communicate and be meticulous about validating what you're entering into the computer and checking the map and ensuring its what you expeted etc
i think you missed the part where the capt deviated from the rules of flyin in that area. its utterly irresponsible. all that other shit wouldnt even be a factor if he followed BASIC PROTOCOL
By far the best explained version of this accident. Must have been very time-consuming creating this video. Excellent work once again!! Thanks, and keep up the good work!
Unbelievably sad. Does nobody check compass headings any more? Excellent channel, puts other, better established ones in the shade, well chosen incidents, great graphics and well delivered commentary in a professional TV accent. Deserves more subscribers and upvotes. Keep it going. They will come!
At the point in which the pilots figured out that they didn't know where the hell they were, the words of my flight instructor, and the gentleman that wrote the book that I studied for ground school: "Climb, Confess, & Comply". This was related to an VFR pilot flying into IFR conditions (in my case, the "confess" would be "I'm a dumbass, and flew into the clouds, please help me not to die)... never the less, and i'ts pointed out in the video, this would have been the best course of action.
That falls directly in line with Aviate, Navigate, Communicate. The first step is to get the plane under control, then to figure out where you are and where you have to go, and only then to call people that you have problems.
@@HappyBeezerStudios continuing to descend into mountainous terrain, with zero visibility, while out loud admitting you have no idea where you are, is madness. If you drop me into a low altitude, no visibility situation in mountainous terrain, the first task is to elevate as quickly as possible. That's piloting. Then you find where you are. That's navigating. Not sure why that's hard to understand. Back then you couldn't rely on just a terrain alarm for mountains. They should have known that as well.
I appreciate how clearly you explain stats without making it overwhelming. While every crash is a tragedy it seems this one could have been avoided during several missed opportunities. Sketchy radar and language concerns were 2 reasons I never worked any South American trips.
Hey green dot. I love your videos, congratulations. I’m from Cali, Colombia and I live in Bogota at the moment. Even though I was 3 years back then, this accident was very sounded even years after. Even my parents remember this and tell me how everyone waiting for their love ones started to go to the crash side when rumors about the crash site started out. I take what you say at the very end and I hadn’t realized and it’s the fact that this crash helped to make aviation industry safer. It’s true that our country is very challenging to fly in.
Man i dont know why i love this kind of documentary at the same time its horrifying to imagine being the passengers or pilots but at the same time interesting
My worst fears as a passenger was landing at Oviedo airport (OVD) in Northern Spain. This beautiful area is close to high mountains and the airport (7,218 feet in lenght) ends abruptly before a cliff directly into the cold Cantabric sea. One day we went into a very turbulent, thick, gray cloud on final approach. The plane was bouncing up and down and I could see the wing flapping up and down like a handkerchief. All of a sudden we came out of the cloud and I could see the cows looking at me thinking "are those people crazy"? This happened in the early 1970s. The airport was inaugurated in 1968. I don't know what kind of technology the IBERIA pilots were relying on but they were true, fearless matadors.
The airport is the Asturias Airport (OVD) 1970s Iberia tech, probably a compass and a map😂😂 Now, being serious, probably tje same tech the rest of european airlines have at that time.
My mom is from Cali, I've personally flown this same route on AA more times then I can count.. A few may have even been on the 757 but I was too young to remember..
Same here sometimes via Bogota back in the day but nonstop as of recently, the last time I flew AA on this route was in March 2022 during a high demand travel season to Colombia and many other places so they gave us a B787-8 Dreamliner.
I have been watching this channel since a week and I just keep watching it. Thank you for creating not too long videos, speech eloquence, and a good story telling.
This channel and disaster breakdown do a great job breaking down these flight disasters. Sad that safety rules in the skies, and many other jobs, are usually written in blood.
This is an excellent production - super interesting, engaging and intuitive. As a psychology grad, I am particularly intrigued by the mention of psychological biases - this is a component that needs to be considered (in many aspects of life), and I am loving the consideration and thought that goes into these videos (and the psychological element!). Keep doing what you do!
Superb analysis, production and narration and most of all outstanding aviation expertise that combined, delivers one of the best, if not the best aviation accident documentaries around!
Seeing the thumbnail and the callsign, I already knew the story when I was a teen. I had time to kill so Let's just hear the story again from another source. OMG... You can make a blind mind see with your adjectives. This was the best Documentary of the situation.
About the theory on the toxic fumes in the cabin. Its interesting to note that alcohol was found in the body of Captain Tafuri. They weren't sure if it was due to him drinking prior or whether it was produced after a natural process called putrefaction which is 25% of the time, the reason alcohol is found in the blood of fatal air crash victims. Alcohol or fumes, this would make sense of how he missed things such as the dotted line or their ADI showing them in a bank. All very strange from 26-year AA veteran.
Probably correct. A similar situation occurred in the Moorgate tube train crash in London about 25 years ago as the drivers body was not recovered for several days and alcohol was detected in his blood. Due to time and temperature conditions in the tunnel, this was probably due to decomposition.
I was going to comment that same thing about Moorgate. The alcohol being found in the drivers system was a huge factor in the suicide claims by certain parts of the written media at the Time.
The crash of American 956 is similar to the crash of Thai 311 (the subject of another of your videos). In both, after a change of approach plans late in a flight, both crew became too narrowly focused on interacting with the FMS (to execute the change) in low visibility near high mountains, utterly lost navigational or relative positional awareness, eventually realized it, didn’t urgently prioritize resolving that loss, and soon hit mountains. The facts that in this flight, an experienced flight crew worked harmoniously AND had been specifically trained in such risks based on the earlier Thai flight accident report (see this flight’s accident report, pp. 46-47) shows that the negative crew relationship dynamic on the Thai flight, while unhelpful on any flight, actually was not the key factor in that crash. Tunnel vision can happen even to highly competent crews recently trained in the specific risk they came to face! It’s surprisingly easy for experienced crews to forget that at all times an aircraft is vectoring at very high speed, covering significant distances in seconds. (By contrast, even a new teenage driver behind the wheel of a car can’t forget this). You’re always flying toward something. …Do you know what it is? In most of North America or Southeast Asia most of the time, spot losing navigational awareness just isn’t a big risk. But in Colombia or Nepal, in the Andes or Himalayas, any such loss for any timespan can be quickly fatal.
My question is, if they lost track of where they were and they knew they were surrounded by huge mountains, why didn’t they stop descending or even climb up until they knew where they were? Incredible video by the way!
The problem was that other planes were also in the area I imagine. So, they have to follow the comptroller. But, he was partially at fault for this also (although harsh since his English wasn't good).
So glad I found this channel. Although I've seen some of these accidents covered on air accidents shows on telly, somehow you seem to keep things straight to the point without the dramatisation elements.
Excellent channel! I have been binged watching your videos lately. One thing I have realized by now is that pilot experience means nothing if they can’t work under pressure. It’s really sad to see experiences pilots making such errors when working under pressure.
Yeah, that was pretty much a communication error. "clear to that waypoint" meant for one side "clearance to fly directly to that waypoint" and for the other side "clearance to continue on the flight path up until that waypoint" And both are understandable interpretations.
This is the best explanation so far on this accident i have seen,even the Mayday episode about this accident isn't so informative as yours,Great stuff. There was an American Airlines flight 331 accident that occurred in Jamaica in 2009 i believe, no one has really done an in depth documentary about it. I would love to see an in depth mini documentary about it just like this one,but i can only dream lol. Keep them coming. Love your channel as i said very in depth and easy to understand.
Great breakdown. One thing however, when referring to the ADF that is actually called the RMI or radio magnetic indicator and CAN display bearings to/from a tuned NBD as an ADF would if so selected, or it can display courses/radials from a VOR if so selected. That’s the beauty of this particular instrument. Add to that the fact it displays DME as well and you sir have the Swiss Army knife of avionics.
I don't know when this became standard procedure but currently a pilot on an instrument flight plan is CLEARED TO the final point (called the clearance limit) on their flight plan, while they get CLEARED DIRECT to the waypoint they should fly to next. Perhaps this phraseology came about as a result of this confusion here, I don't know. So this change in flight plan would have been phrased "American 965, cleared to the Cali airport via the ROZO 1 Arrival, cleared direct TULUA."
One simple question I have is how the pilot thought he could check in after reaching Tulua once Tulua was no longer a waypoint? That alone should have alerted him that he was doing something the controller didn't tell him to do. I had watched the whole series of Mayday and the other one and didn't think pilots had any way to navigate unless a controller told them where they were. Now through your videos, such as this I understand that they do have good tools to use to avoid getting lost, as long as they don't make mistakes and consult them when they need to. Like the DME etc. The way you explain their errors as they make them instead of going back over them after the crash makes it easier to understand. Thanks.
Why it is not mentioned that the traffic controller should have had excellent English? Communication is one of the most important things on that job. As a Mexican, I found this inexcusable.
Another superb video, EPGWS would have been a waste of time to these two, when they were not even aware that the aircraft had made the left turn. No mention of placing TULUA as a FIX in the FMC! or even the airport for that matter. No mention of MSA either, as an airline pilot, I could not believe what was happening on that flight deck.
I heard in a documentary somewhere all flight communications worldwide must be in English, so WHY would the air traffic controllers have limited English???
It’s fundamental, the captain should have set up the new approach while the 1st officer scanned the instruments and flew the plane. Once there was any sign of confusion, the approach became unstable, and they should have immediately climbed to a safe altitude and figured out where they were.
Why do I keep watching these. I'm hooked but I have been a FIFO (fly in fly out) worker for 30 years. I fly to remote mine sites in Western Australia. I've been on 10 seater planes landing on dirt strips with no ATC. Also major flights into actual airports. I fly 14 days on and 7 days off nowadays. The smaller dirt strip airports would have us hearing our flight home overhead but couldn't land due to fog and we were stuck after a 12 hr nightshift waiting for hours. But yeah it's safety first. Kudos to the pilots to be safe. I do remember one time that we were flying home from Leonora , a remote mining town and we were flying on a jet that was possible because of a proper runway. Other small aircraft landed there too. There was a flight on a small aircraft that was leaving Perth to Leonora, which we were heading to as the same time as us, heading to us. That flight never made it. There has been so much speculation. The plane was a light aircraft and it was fully fuelled. Leonora is about 600km from Perth and had enough fuel to pick up and return from Leonora. Something went badly wrong after take off. It was reported that there was no cabin pressure and not only the Pilots but the passengers as well were unconscious. Because the plane has so much fuel, it flew past where it supposed to be and just kept flying. The plane left Western Australia and flew past the Northern Territory and into Queensland which is thousands of Kilometres away. Reports say that the Airforce were going to shoot it down to stop it crashing on houses. Luckily no one on board was conscious for this. It crashed and no one else was hurt.
Been addicted to green dot aviation's videos.. But this is the first video where I got completely stumped by the narrator's accent! It took me a few occasions to catch that "or" was just his (Irish?) pronunciation of the letter "r""!!!! Happened around 16:30-17:15 hahaha Keep up the good work, love your videos
I am an aerospace engineering student and just recently a pilot has come to my University and held a lecture on the fast development in the last years of automation in aviation. Everybody there was amazed at the marvel of technology but his point was different. The main idea of such conference was instead to warn about automation dependency and how it may lead to a loss of SA and control when crews become highly task saturated, as in the example fo flight 965. The discussion also included the topic on the different levels of automation and how to manage them. This of course came from the Advanced Aircraft Maneuvering Program held by Captain Warren Vanderburgh and I find delightful the fact that you sir has cited him as well. It is reassuring to hear more and more people talking about such concepts and trying to raise awareness over the tendency of aviation to be more and more reliant on automation rather than having its crews be skillful and excellently trained airmen. It seems to me that the words of Captain Vanderburgh, as they luckily seem to be spreading, are resonating quite well with pilots and enthusiasts of the industry alike and I, a pilot myself, believe that, if the discussion is kept alive, it is possible to prevent us from turning completely into children of the magenta. I thank you dearly for such insight brought forth in this video. To everyone who has not seen Captain Vanderburgh's lectures, please go check them out on TH-cam.
It is ironic that with enhanced safety comes complacency. While aviation may mask this to an extent, you see this in automotive engineering, with more and more safety equipment, which only leads drivers to become more reckless and driving faster and faster. In aviation, the recklessness is not always in regards to speed and risk taking but more on automation reliance, and unfamiliarity with basic hand flying. Stick and rudder skills are so poor in some pilots that have 10k plus hours. Add into this some more subtle issues regarding the philosophy of "where the buck stops". Airbus adopts the attitude that the engineer knows best, and in certain cases will override pilot input. In American aircraft, it is deemed that the pilot is best to judge this. I can go on into a more sociological view between the once Libertarian views of America and the more Government centric (not to say downright Authoritarian views of recent years). Ultimately each view has a trade off, and I am pleased to see the US style of aviating, prevail globally, as more and more pilots are being taught to hand fly as much as possible, even down to using auto land only in inclement weather, at night, etc. Im not a pilot, and no longer work in aviation, but I am concerned with the state of driving for the same reason. Driving, like flying is not merely getting from point A to point B. When driving was more a pursuit of passion, it was handled more skillfully (ie you had fewer stupid pointless crashes, versus impulse, risk taking, etc). As a result, the median age of serious car crashes is aproaching the median age of drivers (where as it used to be younger drivers more prone to "dumb" choices). Automotive ops and engineering have always been behind aviation, and draw inspiration from the latter, so maybe in the coming decades a cultural shift could occur. Both are the same in the regard that you operate a complex machine, at speeds beyond human reaction, and while fixed wing aircraft have the luxury of time, cars are akin to helicopters, in that quick thinking and fast reactions are crucial, versus checklist following and so on (which is not to say checklists are not important in maintenance though, but I can write a novel on the matter). Good luck in your studies.
Well documented. A similar accident happened on a Dan Air 727 near Los Rodeos Airport Tenerife 1980 and a Garuda Airbus A300B2 Sept 1997. Both were due pilots loss of situation/position awareness.You might want to cover them if you haven't already?
I love that you mentioned Van's teachings in this video. I'm sad never to have met the guy, he had a great sense of humour and his talks, still available on TH-cam, are some of the best instructional content on aviation out the.
For anyone curious about the pilots' actions after the hard GPWS warning, they did what is called a terrain escape maneuver. It is designed you get you the absolute best angle of climb. You go max continuous power, pitch up to intermittent stick shaker (exactly what they did) lowering the nose then pulling back up to stick shaker over and over, while making no configuration changes other than stowing speed brakes if deployed. I highly recommend watching Mentour Pilot's video on this to see what it looks like!
Ever since this crash, all airlines now train that when you go max thrust, always check spoilers are stowed. This is now common practice across the globe.
@@gchecosse my wife who is Of Irish ☘️ stock agrees this could be the case. Do Irish pilots and ATCs get special coaching for this? 😹 But seriously, language issues have contributed to serious misunderstandings.
@@gchecosse And Thanks. In Canada and the UK 🇬🇧, we say Z as “zed “, but in the USA 🇺🇸 they say “zee”. Hence the need, at times, to use phonetic alphabet “Zulu” , and for R add “Romeo”.
Excellent. And I've been watching these since the 1st one on YT. After years, I don't need a full dramatization but now too many ppl (some who cannot make a plane look like it is moving) jump right in to accidents, most of which viewers are very familiar with already. Thank you.
Thank you for doing this. Not only did you make us appreciate pilots but also gave an overall idea of what happens during flight. I’m new to your channel and I don’t know if you already have, but can you cover the 1986 Cerritos mid-air collision?
This was one of the most interesting airplane videos I've seen a while. Great job. Small note: your pronunciation of the letter "R" really shows (at least to my American ican ear) the need for the Alpha, Bravo, Charlie, .... alphabet for radio communication. When you say "R", I hear "ore", not the "are" I am expecting. Took me a few instances of you saying "ore" for me to realize that if you were using the radio alphabet you would have said Romeo.
Surviving an event like this is hard to live with as you move forward but throw that in with survivors guilt and I feel so bad for those who did and of course for those who didn’t. I can’t imagine the horrors they went through and that haunt them every day
18:12 According to the simulator footage, the lights of the city shown in the captain's left window demonstrated that this was a reference to follow. But again, it's debatable if this city was indeed existing or not
Also seen Air Crash Investigation which featured this flight. Unbelievable how two experienced pilots cocked this up so badly. Just needed one of them to say stop & let’s think about this properly.
The Boeing 757 in American Airlines classic livery, and especially without winglets, was such a glorious looking aircraft. There’s something about the the 757 without winglets that makes it such an awesome, sleek looking bird.
My favourite aircraft by far. It has a high thrust to weight ratio and the combination of long range and ability to operate from smaller airports. In the UK it served with many airlines like Britannia, Thomsonfly/TUI and Air 2000, and operated many routes at a profit. Even now the -200 family continue to frequent East Midlands as workhorses for DHL, and some are in service with Jet2 (though a few have been upgraded with winglets).
The only one that I like better, or perhaps equally, is the Boeing 727. Its clean wing, aft clustered 3 engines, and aggressively swept back T-tail. Its such a classic, beautiful, and modern looking design, that the few that are still flying, don’t look a bit out of place amongst the most current designs.
I live outside of Atlanta, and went to Hartsfield-Jackson to watch the morning takeoffs. And with Delta Air Lines having such a large Boeing 757 fleet, it was one of them blasting off every other aircraft. There’s a reason people refer to the 757 as “rocket ship service!”
An excellent retelling of a tragic accident. Have you thought about doing a video on the crash of Eastern Airlines flight 980 in Bolivia in January of 85?
Mentour Pilot , Disaster Breakdown, 74 Gear, Green dot Aviation, The Flight Channel, Mini Air Crash Investigation and Three greens- Aviation Safety. These are the best aviation channels I have come across. Enjoy guys. PS: If there are any I don't know about , Please comment below. I need more haha.
You're right. And I've binged every single one of their videos, even watching the same crash (but from different channels of course) that I said to my wife (and I am joking) - "they need to crash more planes, so there can be more amazing content". lol
Brilliantly done sir - I had actually just started researching this one myself but you've done an excellent job. Loving the sim footage by the way! Looks better every video :)
You have a great narration voice. Your descriptions are 1st class plus, i detect a slight Irish accent, which is good cos...i'm a Scot who loves Ireland especially for its GUINESS...and the music of course. Keep up the interesting work.
I love that AA livery, I wish they hadn't changed it. Excellent video about this tragedy. I enjoy your presentation and the production of these videos!
I have to say I'm loving these vids super impressive and addictive narration. My only frustration is as per this video I've had 9 adverts in 13 mins of a 30 min bid hugely immersion breaking and over the top for a 30 min video
I remember when this happened. I regularly go to Colombia about every 2 yrs. When this occurred, I was so angry that i went flying with Avianca. Now that Avianca service has gotten trashy, ive gone back to flying AA. Its nice to knw that as a result of this tragedy, some safety measures had been implemented to avoid this type of accident.
Pity so many had to die so's that they were implemented, as though nobody had any common sence and so many people have to die for this to happen.... Pity this stupid "industry" hasn't the inteligence to "risk assess" these kind of problems and make them right and safe, and us the "cannon fodder" have to die before the industry makes it look as though something has been done..... Pathetic industry where we are used as crash test dummies, and participation is 1 grand a seat. DONT FLY IN A PLANE, GO BY BOAT OR ANY MODE OF TRANSPORT UNTIL THIS INDUSTRY CLEANS UP ITS ACT, FROM PLANE MANUFACTURER'S AND DESIGN, COMPANY POLICY'S, REMOVE RETARDED PILOTS, AND RETARDED REPAIR MEN AND COMPANY ETHOS ON REPAIRS.... THE WHOLE INDUSTRY IS INFESTWD WITH BEAN COUNTERS AT THE EXPENSE OF OUR LIVES..... PLEASE DONT GO INTO AN AEROPLANE, CHOOSE A DIFFERENT HOLIDAY AND SUPPORT YOUR OWN HOME COUNTRY.
Great series, only just "found" them in the last week or so. Also a very interesting and quite unique (different) pronunciation of the letter R (as in Rozo etc)!!!
Pilots with nearly 30000 hrs have crashed airliners. Eastern L1011 in Everglades, United DC8 in Portland. To have done that many hours tells me these captains were up with the best of their time. Goes to show, this can happen to any pilot on a bad day.
@@Mordecai154 human factors, my friend. That was the exact point I made. Doesn't matter how many hours we do, we are not exempt from mistakes. Human factors.
In diving accidents, "they were an experienced diver" is almost a meme at this point. Many incidents by supposedly experienced divers, where it turns out they made basic mistakes. Raw hours doesn't always mean improved skill. It can even mean worse skill if you're drilling in bad habits. It depends what happens to you during that time and whether you continually reflect on your actions regardless of whether you made it out okay . I'm surprised the "experienced crew" term is thrown around so often in these incidents. It shows a lack of understanding of how human skill acquisition works.
Excellent job. The reason for the crash is they didn't follow the published approach, as required by the airline. Simple as that. Sad so many died for such a glaring error.
I really like this channel. The narrator does a great job of storytelling, along with great explanations of acronyms, the various aircraft systems, and the procedures involved in aircraft piloting. The amazing re-dramatization footage is a very nice touch too. 🌟🌟🌟🌟🌟
when task saturated, how much room is there for emotions? seems like with enough experience and training to periodically check in you could notice feeling overwhelmed / more stressed than usual, and from that just have a requirement to assume something's gone wrong and pull up and restart the procedure
Lol you realize what you described is basically a robot. Humans have chemical reactions going in in their brain. Thats like saying “just don’t be sad” when you are sad about something.
Awesome video GDA. I like how thorough your explanation was. In all the other videos that I have seen regarding American 965, I don't believe I've seen the reference to the 'speed brakes did not retract.' It's been a while since your last video. I look forward to your next. Thank you.
I would like to remind people that nowadays flying commercially in South America is really safe and that Brazil is a member of Group I in ICAO, which consists of states of chief importance in air transport.
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He forgot to mention one other survivor... A dog that was in its kennel in the cargo hold SOMEHOW survived and was evacuated along with the other survivors away from the wreckage
aye chihuahua
Yeah, I was going to mention the pooch too. It must have been terrified, waiting for the rescuers.
Awww pup
Did the dog's owner happen to be a survivor?
That I don't know, sorry!
After watching all of your videos, I am greatly relieved that I survived 33 year flying career with 15k flight hours, without incident nor accident....in Australia and SE/SW Asia
thank you for your service 🤝
flying in any position is my dream, im proud of you for taking so many people/cargo places without incident, just for that youre a hero !!
If you acted like the Captain in this video you would have been dead by now.
@@andreypetrov4868
Fact! 😇
Flying as career passanger ?
It is never, ever good when a pilot says, "Uh, where are we?" Thanks for the video!
In half of crash reports there is always a quote like that.
once the pilot on the Airbus I was on asked his seeing eye dog where the cockpit was when boarding…he also hit me with his cane on the way in
even more ironic that captain tafuri was reconnaissance
@@htf5555 he hid his location well from his enemy tho. from himself.
Happens more often than you think. In an instant you can go from great situational awareness to completely mentally turned around.
This is a perfect example of the Swiss cheese model among other things. Like most if not all crashes like this, it’s never just one or two or even three things that cause of the crash. all the holes in the Swiss cheese have to line up perfectly. I can’t remember the name of the doctor that came up with this model but I think it’s brilliant.
Absolutely. That's James Reason's work.
The terrorist's actions were like one giant hole just waiting to be passed through.
It's really insane that neither Boeing nor the FAA understand that model and still insist to put commercial interest above safety and adding / not leaving out one of the slices.
Congrats he actually reused that Swiss cheese model in his video about Bhoja Air flight 213
@@beyondEV its not insane at all. insane would be if they were eating scaprs from the wing with blue cheese crumbles. its late stage capitalism. its very predictable, immoral and clearly all the rage amongst the rich
Two biggest errors for me were 1. not climbing as soon as they realised they were in a confused/unknown position given the surrounding terrain and 2. not retracting air brakes when in terrain avoidance mode.
So like did you not watch the end of the video where 1 was spoken about being the current standard, and 2 was moved to more automated systems in these situations?
@@ElderWillows Note that he never said that those two errors _should_ be implemented; he simply said that the two biggest errors the pilots made in his mind _were_ not climbing and not retracting speed brakes. Note the words "should" and "were"
Erasing those beacons was no small mistake in mountainous country in the dark. You don't deviate in dark mountains. I'm surprised they got as far as they did before smacking into a mountainside. Tragic.
My friend when I was a little girl was on this flight with her family, visiting her mom’s family for Christmas. I always remember her and think often about what she or her little brother would be doing today. Thanks for your sensitive and informative video on this tragedy.
Wow that’s crazy. I study a lot of aviation incidents and accidents because I’m fascinated with aviation. Your comment is surprisingly more common than you would think. When looking at comments and studying a lot of these accidents, it amazes me how many people either were connected or know somebody who was connected with a particular incident or accident.
@@postersm7141 Yes. There are a lot of attention whores on the internet making up fictions. It’s not surprising.
MAKE AMERICA GREAT AGAIN
@@SKDYCAT Nah bruh we balkanising that shit
@@postersm7141 this is actually an established result of social network theory, also known as ‘small world effect’
I'm amazed anyone managed to survive this. The fact that even four people survived is incredible
I've noticed watching these kinda videos that usually some survive whenever a plane crashes in to a forest since the trees slow down the plane massively. But no idea if that's true
@@nukecorruptionVery much depends on the airplane’s speed.
A dog in the baggage area survived as well
@@dinostorionnobody ever mentions the animals in these situations, they must truly be terrified. Humans are so self absorbed 😢
@@caatkins1000?
"American Airline Flight 965 was truly one of the few crashes that have had this affect"
He says, as the baggage conveyor plows through the passenger bus
Drives right under that sucker, doesn't he? 0:31😆
Just after going through the fuel tanker 🙂
underated lmao
I had to go back and look after reading that lol
Lmao I wasn't paying attention at all that's hilarious
Losing your way is excusable, but being lost AND descending in mountainous terrain, that's beyond me.
Flying mountainous terrain in the dark, and relying on someone else, u got to be extremely careful
I guess if you won’t excuse it then it can’t happen again. Refusing to accept or forgive other people’s humanity causes it to be impossible to be repeated. You’ve saved thousands. Thank you on behalf of mankind.
Losing your way in airline operation is NOT exuseable.
@@soulfunkjazz it sometimes is
If pilot had landed there 13 times, I don’t understand why pilot didn’t know about reporting waypoints, from his previous flights into the airport.
It is entirely possible that, due to the airlines' policy of staying on a charted route at all times, this pilot may never before have asked for a direct routing to anywhere on an arrival. The phrase, "Cleared direct to Rozo (or anywhere)" means that Rozo is merely the clearance limit; you must stay on the charted arrival route to Rozo. If the controller has said, "... cleared direct, present position to Rozo..." the crew could have erased Tulua and proceeded directly to Rozo. In any event, I think we all learned an important lesson from this accident: At the very moment when confusion seems to reign supreme, abandon what you are doing and get the heck out of Dodge. Climb to a safe altitude and get back to a good starting point. Get back into the green.
He may have flown there before, but it might have been a while since he last did so. Pilots don't only fly the one route. Last flight could have been months or years before the crash.
Agreed, if the pilots were aware how high the mountains were you would think it would be extraordinarily disconcerting to be unsure where they were while descending in complete darkness...
The fact that a terrorist had taken out the radar would have meant that they would have had to do the locating manually
@@bmused55 thats not true when we are talking about very difficult, stressfull or dangerous experiences. Our brains are wired to remember in great detail these kinds of tasks. This was a major cognitive failure on this pilots part.
I’ve noticed a number of times where a pilot comments that something doesn’t feel/look/seem right, seems odd/strange, but not react to it if the other pilot doesn’t confirm it. I recall one flight in particular that took off on the wrong runway. The co-pilot commented on a few things that seemed strange, like no runway lights, but the Captain was focused on taxiing and takeoff and just said, Yeah. As a result, they ended up crashing because the runway was too short.
Think you're thinking of a Chinese flight which ran into construction equipment on an inactive runway.
I believe that was Comair 5191 in Lexington, KY.
Something I've seen come up a significant number of times - but that the industry hasn't seemed to have done anything about. Is AirBus's dual input "averaging", where if one pilot pushes forward and the other back, the plane takes the average. It has been involved in several accidents that I've seen. I know there's a dual input audio alarm (although I've heard that's overridden by other alarms?) - but it's obviously not enough. Sure when one pilot is pulling back by 4 degrees and the other by 5 degrees yeah it makes sense to average them. But when they're doing completely different things it makes no sense to average them.
Given how advanced the computers are, especially on Airbus - to me it would make sense that the computer calculate who is likely right and follow that pilots input. Their planes will already ignore pilot inputs and have the computer take over (in some situations we've seen the computer take over from the pilot and perform the opposite manoeuvre and save the plane), so it's not like doing this would be a sudden jump in automation. If the pilots are fighting each other like this something has already gone dramatically wrong - I'd rather the computer take an educated guess than continue to average two completely different things.
Also the button to take control from the other pilot needs some serious tweaking. At the moment you have to hold it for 12 seconds to take full control. That's an insanely long time when one pilot is inputting dangerous to suicidal inputs. Also does anyone know what happens if the other pilot pushes the button? What if the dangerous pilot pushes the button first. I think the button time should be lowered to 2 seconds. And if both pilots are pressing it - the plane should again look at which pilot is performing the more dangerous manoeuvre, and ignore their button.
I seriously can't believe how many times it has come up and no one has said "Ok Airbus that's a cool feature for normal flying, but when you have a dangerous pilot maybe you shouldn't just carry on averaging like everything is normal?"
@@lost4468ytI think the computer sums it up and doesnt avarage it out. People say it avarages it out because in most situationens this leads to an accident one pilot is pushing up and the other down. However there was also once an accident in which both pilots pulled back and the computer summed the numbers up to an unsafe degree of climb and therefor ignored the pilots inputs alltogether leading into a near crash landing.
@@Rammstein0963.It was Singapore Airlines flight 006. Crashed into the construction equipment at Taipei Airport when the pilots mistook a taxiway under construction for the runway, in very bad weather.
A night flight over that terrain is the thing of nightmares
And with no radar is a deathwish
What the heck, the plane has GPS but no terrain map? Even google map has 3d terrain. That that's some crazily obsolete equipments.
@@nendo502 this was 1995....
@2pac in 1995 gps and crt screen was available, a gps guided topographic map should be possible
When this happened Google did not even exist.
ugh this one was tragic, thats why its best to over-communicate and be meticulous about validating what you're entering into the computer and checking the map and ensuring its what you expeted etc
i think you missed the part where the capt deviated from the rules of flyin in that area. its utterly irresponsible. all that other shit wouldnt even be a factor if he followed BASIC PROTOCOL
By far the best explained version of this accident. Must have been very time-consuming creating this video. Excellent work once again!! Thanks, and keep up the good work!
My palms sweating, and I am groaning.
Was about to say same.
The calming "narrator's" voice inflected at appropriate moments are not only measured and reassuring but also convincing
Unbelievably sad. Does nobody check compass headings any more?
Excellent channel, puts other, better established ones in the shade, well chosen incidents, great graphics and well delivered commentary in a professional TV accent. Deserves more subscribers and upvotes. Keep it going. They will come!
Thank you! That’s the plan :)
Sounds like an Irish accent, but not Dublin, a bit more west.
@Steve Robinson How is a lot of people dying funny?
no need for compass anymore, tech is king and a major killer, but, they still want tech as king. people are stupid.
In my 320 the standby compass is stowed away. We do however make sure that the map on the navigation displays make sense before executing it.
At the point in which the pilots figured out that they didn't know where the hell they were, the words of my flight instructor, and the gentleman that wrote the book that I studied for ground school: "Climb, Confess, & Comply". This was related to an VFR pilot flying into IFR conditions (in my case, the "confess" would be "I'm a dumbass, and flew into the clouds, please help me not to die)... never the less, and i'ts pointed out in the video, this would have been the best course of action.
That falls directly in line with Aviate, Navigate, Communicate.
The first step is to get the plane under control, then to figure out where you are and where you have to go, and only then to call people that you have problems.
@@HappyBeezerStudios continuing to descend into mountainous terrain, with zero visibility, while out loud admitting you have no idea where you are, is madness.
If you drop me into a low altitude, no visibility situation in mountainous terrain, the first task is to elevate as quickly as possible. That's piloting. Then you find where you are. That's navigating.
Not sure why that's hard to understand.
Back then you couldn't rely on just a terrain alarm for mountains. They should have known that as well.
I appreciate how clearly you explain stats without making it overwhelming. While every crash is a tragedy it seems this one could have been avoided during several missed opportunities. Sketchy radar and language concerns were 2 reasons I never worked any South American trips.
If English is supposed to be the international language of aviation, how do you have air traffic controllers that aren't fluent in it?!
Hey green dot. I love your videos, congratulations. I’m from Cali, Colombia and I live in Bogota at the moment. Even though I was 3 years back then, this accident was very sounded even years after. Even my parents remember this and tell me how everyone waiting for their love ones started to go to the crash side when rumors about the crash site started out. I take what you say at the very end and I hadn’t realized and it’s the fact that this crash helped to make aviation industry safer.
It’s true that our country is very challenging to fly in.
Man i dont know why i love this kind of documentary at the same time its horrifying to imagine being the passengers or pilots but at the same time interesting
My worst fears as a passenger was landing at Oviedo airport (OVD) in Northern Spain. This beautiful area is close to high mountains and the airport (7,218 feet in lenght) ends abruptly before a cliff directly into the cold Cantabric sea. One day we went into a very turbulent, thick, gray cloud on final approach. The plane was bouncing up and down and I could see the wing flapping up and down like a handkerchief. All of a sudden we came out of the cloud and I could see the cows looking at me thinking "are those people crazy"? This happened in the early 1970s. The airport was inaugurated in 1968. I don't know what kind of technology the IBERIA pilots were relying on but they were true, fearless matadors.
The airport is the Asturias Airport (OVD)
1970s Iberia tech, probably a compass and a map😂😂
Now, being serious, probably tje same tech the rest of european airlines have at that time.
My mom is from Cali, I've personally flown this same route on AA more times then I can count.. A few may have even been on the 757 but I was too young to remember..
Since 02-03 they have been using the 737 800 on the route.
Nevermind then, can you still count today?
Same here sometimes via Bogota back in the day but nonstop as of recently, the last time I flew AA on this route was in March 2022 during a high demand travel season to Colombia and many other places so they gave us a B787-8 Dreamliner.
I have been watching this channel since a week and I just keep watching it. Thank you for creating not too long videos, speech eloquence, and a good story telling.
Same!! I found the channel and have now binge watched every episode
This channel and disaster breakdown do a great job breaking down these flight disasters. Sad that safety rules in the skies, and many other jobs, are usually written in blood.
This is an excellent production - super interesting, engaging and intuitive. As a psychology grad, I am particularly intrigued by the mention of psychological biases - this is a component that needs to be considered (in many aspects of life), and I am loving the consideration and thought that goes into these videos (and the psychological element!). Keep doing what you do!
A much neglected aspect of job consideration, psychological.
YOU ARE A PERSON "EXCELLENT" INTERSTED IN DEATH. SUPER LOVE DEATH AND PLANE CRASHES. Are you 15yrs old?
Sick human
Superb analysis, production and narration and most of all outstanding aviation expertise that combined, delivers one of the best, if not the best aviation accident documentaries around!
Thanks Matt! Good to see you in the comments :)
Seeing the thumbnail and the callsign, I already knew the story when I was a teen. I had time to kill so Let's just hear the story again from another source. OMG... You can make a blind mind see with your adjectives. This was the best Documentary of the situation.
About the theory on the toxic fumes in the cabin. Its interesting to note that alcohol was found in the body of Captain Tafuri. They weren't sure if it was due to him drinking prior or whether it was produced after a natural process called putrefaction which is 25% of the time, the reason alcohol is found in the blood of fatal air crash victims. Alcohol or fumes, this would make sense of how he missed things such as the dotted line or their ADI showing them in a bank. All very strange from 26-year AA veteran.
Probably correct. A similar situation occurred in the Moorgate tube train crash in London about 25 years ago as the drivers body was not recovered for several days and alcohol was detected in his blood. Due to time and temperature conditions in the tunnel, this was probably due to decomposition.
I was going to comment that same thing about Moorgate. The alcohol being found in the drivers system was a huge factor in the suicide claims by certain parts of the written media at the Time.
The crash of American 956 is similar to the crash of Thai 311 (the subject of another of your videos). In both, after a change of approach plans late in a flight, both crew became too narrowly focused on interacting with the FMS (to execute the change) in low visibility near high mountains, utterly lost navigational or relative positional awareness, eventually realized it, didn’t urgently prioritize resolving that loss, and soon hit mountains. The facts that in this flight, an experienced flight crew worked harmoniously AND had been specifically trained in such risks based on the earlier Thai flight accident report (see this flight’s accident report, pp. 46-47) shows that the negative crew relationship dynamic on the Thai flight, while unhelpful on any flight, actually was not the key factor in that crash. Tunnel vision can happen even to highly competent crews recently trained in the specific risk they came to face!
It’s surprisingly easy for experienced crews to forget that at all times an aircraft is vectoring at very high speed, covering significant distances in seconds. (By contrast, even a new teenage driver behind the wheel of a car can’t forget this). You’re always flying toward something. …Do you know what it is?
In most of North America or Southeast Asia most of the time, spot losing navigational awareness just isn’t a big risk. But in Colombia or Nepal, in the Andes or Himalayas, any such loss for any timespan can be quickly fatal.
My question is, if they lost track of where they were and they knew they were surrounded by huge mountains, why didn’t they stop descending or even climb up until they knew where they were? Incredible video by the way!
The problem was that other planes were also in the area I imagine. So, they have to follow the comptroller. But, he was partially at fault for this also (although harsh since his English wasn't good).
I love your version of the accident better than the Mayday version. Your point of view is from a pilot's view, rather than a TV drama
So glad I found this channel. Although I've seen some of these accidents covered on air accidents shows on telly, somehow you seem to keep things straight to the point without the dramatisation elements.
Glad you appreciate it!
This video was so detailed to the point where you could hear the RB211s in the background as the pilot tries to clear the mountains
These are one of the best quality plane crash docs on here. Very impressed!!
The captain had landed at Cali 13 previous times. That's the bit that astonished me.
Excellent channel! I have been binged watching your videos lately.
One thing I have realized by now is that pilot experience means nothing if they can’t work under pressure. It’s really sad to see experiences pilots making such errors when working under pressure.
In the most mountainous region you’ve ever flown in, don’t skip waypoints. It might matter. In the desert, skip anything you want.
Yeah, that was pretty much a communication error. "clear to that waypoint" meant for one side "clearance to fly directly to that waypoint" and for the other side "clearance to continue on the flight path up until that waypoint" And both are understandable interpretations.
This is the best explanation so far on this accident i have seen,even the Mayday episode about this accident isn't so informative as yours,Great stuff. There was an American Airlines flight 331 accident that occurred in Jamaica in 2009 i believe, no one has really done an in depth documentary about it. I would love to see an in depth mini documentary about it just like this one,but i can only dream lol. Keep them coming. Love your channel as i said very in depth and easy to understand.
Hi Sean, glad you enjoyed the vid. AAL331 looks really interesting, I'll have a look into doing it over the coming months.
@@GreenDotAviation great can't wait !
Great breakdown. One thing however, when referring to the ADF that is actually called the RMI or radio magnetic indicator and CAN display bearings to/from a tuned NBD as an ADF would if so selected, or it can display courses/radials from a VOR if so selected. That’s the beauty of this particular instrument. Add to that the fact it displays DME as well and you sir have the Swiss Army knife of avionics.
I don't know when this became standard procedure but currently a pilot on an instrument flight plan is CLEARED TO the final point (called the clearance limit) on their flight plan, while they get CLEARED DIRECT to the waypoint they should fly to next. Perhaps this phraseology came about as a result of this confusion here, I don't know. So this change in flight plan would have been phrased "American 965, cleared to the Cali airport via the ROZO 1 Arrival, cleared direct TULUA."
Airport didn’t have radar.
@@mariaweston5477 Good point.
One simple question I have is how the pilot thought he could check in after reaching Tulua once Tulua was no longer a waypoint? That alone should have alerted him that he was doing something the controller didn't tell him to do. I had watched the whole series of Mayday and the other one and didn't think pilots had any way to navigate unless a controller told them where they were. Now through your videos, such as this I understand that they do have good tools to use to avoid getting lost, as long as they don't make mistakes and consult them when they need to. Like the DME etc. The way you explain their errors as they make them instead of going back over them after the crash makes it easier to understand. Thanks.
These videos are hella compelling, this is the kind of info you want for a vid like this. Well done.
Much appreciated!
Why it is not mentioned that the traffic controller should have had excellent English?
Communication is one of the most important things on that job.
As a Mexican, I found this inexcusable.
Another superb video, EPGWS would have been a waste of time to these two, when they were not even aware that the aircraft had made the left turn. No mention of placing TULUA as a FIX in the FMC! or even the airport for that matter. No mention of MSA either, as an airline pilot, I could not believe what was happening on that flight deck.
I heard in a documentary somewhere all flight communications worldwide must be in English, so WHY would the air traffic controllers have limited English???
It’s fundamental, the captain should have set up the new approach while the 1st officer scanned the instruments and flew the plane. Once there was any sign of confusion, the approach became unstable, and they should have immediately climbed to a safe altitude and figured out where they were.
youre great at this. presentation and recreations kept me hooked all the way through.
Why do I keep watching these. I'm hooked but I have been a FIFO (fly in fly out) worker for 30 years. I fly to remote mine sites in Western Australia. I've been on 10 seater planes landing on dirt strips with no ATC. Also major flights into actual airports. I fly 14 days on and 7 days off nowadays. The smaller dirt strip airports would have us hearing our flight home overhead but couldn't land due to fog and we were stuck after a 12 hr nightshift waiting for hours. But yeah it's safety first. Kudos to the pilots to be safe. I do remember one time that we were flying home from Leonora , a remote mining town and we were flying on a jet that was possible because of a proper runway. Other small aircraft landed there too. There was a flight on a small aircraft that was leaving Perth to Leonora, which we were heading to as the same time as us, heading to us. That flight never made it. There has been so much speculation. The plane was a light aircraft and it was fully fuelled. Leonora is about 600km from Perth and had enough fuel to pick up and return from Leonora. Something went badly wrong after take off. It was reported that there was no cabin pressure and not only the Pilots but the passengers as well were unconscious. Because the plane has so much fuel, it flew past where it supposed to be and just kept flying. The plane left Western Australia and flew past the Northern Territory and into Queensland which is thousands of Kilometres away. Reports say that the Airforce were going to shoot it down to stop it crashing on houses. Luckily no one on board was conscious for this. It crashed and no one else was hurt.
Sounds similar to a Greek flight from Helios I think it's called, that one plowed into a mountain.
Well presented explanation of a frightening crash.
RIP
To the 159 passengers and crew of American Airlines Flight 965
30:49 - That fuel truck is having a rough day..
Been addicted to green dot aviation's videos.. But this is the first video where I got completely stumped by the narrator's accent! It took me a few occasions to catch that "or" was just his (Irish?) pronunciation of the letter "r""!!!! Happened around 16:30-17:15 hahaha
Keep up the good work, love your videos
It is insane to allow night or foggy weather approaches in such difficult terrains in my opinion. The pilots who do get it done are heroes
a soon as you said they were eager to save a few minutes, i said NOOOO out loud. there was no reason to take such a big risk for so little reward
I was on another AA 757 flt to HI after this happened and was talking to crew about how terrible it was.
Did the crew know the accident crew??
I am an aerospace engineering student and just recently a pilot has come to my University and held a lecture on the fast development in the last years of automation in aviation. Everybody there was amazed at the marvel of technology but his point was different. The main idea of such conference was instead to warn about automation dependency and how it may lead to a loss of SA and control when crews become highly task saturated, as in the example fo flight 965. The discussion also included the topic on the different levels of automation and how to manage them. This of course came from the Advanced Aircraft Maneuvering Program held by Captain Warren Vanderburgh and I find delightful the fact that you sir has cited him as well. It is reassuring to hear more and more people talking about such concepts and trying to raise awareness over the tendency of aviation to be more and more reliant on automation rather than having its crews be skillful and excellently trained airmen. It seems to me that the words of Captain Vanderburgh, as they luckily seem to be spreading, are resonating quite well with pilots and enthusiasts of the industry alike and I, a pilot myself, believe that, if the discussion is kept alive, it is possible to prevent us from turning completely into children of the magenta.
I thank you dearly for such insight brought forth in this video.
To everyone who has not seen Captain Vanderburgh's lectures, please go check them out on TH-cam.
It is ironic that with enhanced safety comes complacency. While aviation may mask this to an extent, you see this in automotive engineering, with more and more safety equipment, which only leads drivers to become more reckless and driving faster and faster. In aviation, the recklessness is not always in regards to speed and risk taking but more on automation reliance, and unfamiliarity with basic hand flying. Stick and rudder skills are so poor in some pilots that have 10k plus hours. Add into this some more subtle issues regarding the philosophy of "where the buck stops".
Airbus adopts the attitude that the engineer knows best, and in certain cases will override pilot input. In American aircraft, it is deemed that the pilot is best to judge this. I can go on into a more sociological view between the once Libertarian views of America and the more Government centric (not to say downright Authoritarian views of recent years). Ultimately each view has a trade off, and I am pleased to see the US style of aviating, prevail globally, as more and more pilots are being taught to hand fly as much as possible, even down to using auto land only in inclement weather, at night, etc.
Im not a pilot, and no longer work in aviation, but I am concerned with the state of driving for the same reason. Driving, like flying is not merely getting from point A to point B. When driving was more a pursuit of passion, it was handled more skillfully (ie you had fewer stupid pointless crashes, versus impulse, risk taking, etc). As a result, the median age of serious car crashes is aproaching the median age of drivers (where as it used to be younger drivers more prone to "dumb" choices). Automotive ops and engineering have always been behind aviation, and draw inspiration from the latter, so maybe in the coming decades a cultural shift could occur.
Both are the same in the regard that you operate a complex machine, at speeds beyond human reaction, and while fixed wing aircraft have the luxury of time, cars are akin to helicopters, in that quick thinking and fast reactions are crucial, versus checklist following and so on (which is not to say checklists are not important in maintenance though, but I can write a novel on the matter).
Good luck in your studies.
Captain vanderburgh.. S contacts please!!!!!!
Well documented. A similar accident happened on a Dan Air 727 near Los Rodeos Airport Tenerife 1980 and a Garuda Airbus A300B2 Sept 1997. Both were due pilots loss of situation/position awareness.You might want to cover them if you haven't already?
I love that you mentioned Van's teachings in this video. I'm sad never to have met the guy, he had a great sense of humour and his talks, still available on TH-cam, are some of the best instructional content on aviation out the.
This is the best video I've seen on this accident. Thank you.
Hell.. Yeah💟💟👍🙏👍👍
For anyone curious about the pilots' actions after the hard GPWS warning, they did what is called a terrain escape maneuver. It is designed you get you the absolute best angle of climb. You go max continuous power, pitch up to intermittent stick shaker (exactly what they did) lowering the nose then pulling back up to stick shaker over and over, while making no configuration changes other than stowing speed brakes if deployed. I highly recommend watching Mentour Pilot's video on this to see what it looks like!
Ever since this crash, all airlines now train that when you go max thrust, always check spoilers are stowed.
This is now common practice across the globe.
Difference in the air traffic phraseology..also contributed to the accident 😢😢
Very thorough and clear explanation, except you seem to me to pronounce the letter “R” as “OR”.
I believe that's the standard pronunciation in Ireland
@@gchecosse my wife who is Of Irish ☘️ stock agrees this could be the case. Do Irish pilots and ATCs get special coaching for this? 😹 But seriously, language issues have contributed to serious misunderstandings.
@@gchecosse And Thanks. In Canada and the UK 🇬🇧, we say Z as “zed “, but in the USA 🇺🇸 they say “zee”. Hence the need, at times, to use phonetic alphabet “Zulu” , and for R add “Romeo”.
Took me a bit to figure out what he was saying on this. Wouldn't be a bad idea to use the NATO alphabet to avoid confusion in the future.
Excellent. And I've been watching these since the 1st one on YT. After years, I don't need a full dramatization but now too many ppl (some who cannot make a plane look like it is moving) jump right in to accidents, most of which viewers are very familiar with already. Thank you.
Thank you for doing this. Not only did you make us appreciate pilots but also gave an overall idea of what happens during flight. I’m new to your channel and I don’t know if you already have, but can you cover the 1986 Cerritos mid-air collision?
This was one of the most interesting airplane videos I've seen a while. Great job. Small note: your pronunciation of the letter "R" really shows (at least to my American ican ear) the need for the Alpha, Bravo, Charlie, .... alphabet for radio communication. When you say "R", I hear "ore", not the "are" I am expecting. Took me a few instances of you saying "ore" for me to realize that if you were using the radio alphabet you would have said Romeo.
Your videos are so entertaining and well written, please keep making more!
Surviving an event like this is hard to live with as you move forward but throw that in with survivors guilt and I feel so bad for those who did and of course for those who didn’t. I can’t imagine the horrors they went through and that haunt them every day
their complete lack of spidey sense is insane. you’re in the mountains!
18:12 According to the simulator footage, the lights of the city shown in the captain's left window demonstrated that this was a reference to follow. But again, it's debatable if this city was indeed existing or not
Also seen Air Crash Investigation which featured this flight. Unbelievable how two experienced pilots cocked this up so badly. Just needed one of them to say stop & let’s think about this properly.
It shouldn’t be unbelievable
The Boeing 757 in American Airlines classic livery, and especially without winglets, was such a glorious looking aircraft. There’s something about the the 757 without winglets that makes it such an awesome, sleek looking bird.
My favourite aircraft by far. It has a high thrust to weight ratio and the combination of long range and ability to operate from smaller airports. In the UK it served with many airlines like Britannia, Thomsonfly/TUI and Air 2000, and operated many routes at a profit. Even now the -200 family continue to frequent East Midlands as workhorses for DHL, and some are in service with Jet2 (though a few have been upgraded with winglets).
The only one that I like better, or perhaps equally, is the Boeing 727. Its clean wing, aft clustered 3 engines, and aggressively swept back T-tail. Its such a classic, beautiful, and modern looking design, that the few that are still flying, don’t look a bit out of place amongst the most current designs.
I live outside of Atlanta, and went to Hartsfield-Jackson to watch the morning takeoffs. And with Delta Air Lines having such a large Boeing 757 fleet, it was one of them blasting off every other aircraft. There’s a reason people refer to the 757 as “rocket ship service!”
An excellent retelling of a tragic accident. Have you thought about doing a video on the crash of Eastern Airlines flight 980 in Bolivia in January of 85?
I'm so glad you mentioned Warren Vanderbergh.... what a great bunch of his training videos you can find right here on TH-cam!
Mentour Pilot , Disaster Breakdown, 74 Gear, Green dot Aviation, The Flight Channel, Mini Air Crash Investigation and Three greens- Aviation Safety.
These are the best aviation channels I have come across. Enjoy guys.
PS: If there are any I don't know about , Please comment below. I need more haha.
I like Allec Joshua Ibay as well. Basic but gives you all the information
You're right. And I've binged every single one of their videos, even watching the same crash (but from different channels of course) that I said to my wife (and I am joking) - "they need to crash more planes, so there can be more amazing content". lol
Airspace as well check him out he’s great
@@HERBSMAN441 Yeah, used to watch him before TFC but TFC's production is on whole another level.
Brilliantly done sir - I had actually just started researching this one myself but you've done an excellent job.
Loving the sim footage by the way! Looks better every video :)
Ive just started watching 3 greens couple of days ago and wow the production quality on your videos are absolutely outstanding, well done sir 😊
Thanks man! Glad you are enjoying the vids :)
Watching the height above ground indicator draw closer to 0 without having any visual reference out the windows must have been horrifying
That alone should have told them the ground is approaching, we need to go to full throttle and climb NOW.
.....then flys into a mountain...... so tragic and awfull for all concerned......rip to all.....
Excellent analysis of the real world of human flight, presented with great clarity.
Thank you! Glad you enjoyed it 😎
You have a great narration voice. Your descriptions are 1st class plus, i detect a slight Irish accent, which is good cos...i'm a Scot who loves Ireland especially for its GUINESS...and the music of course. Keep up the interesting work.
He couldn't look more Irish either!
I love that AA livery, I wish they hadn't changed it.
Excellent video about this tragedy. I enjoy your presentation and the production of these videos!
I'm never taking a night plane near mountains after watching these
I have to say I'm loving these vids super impressive and addictive narration. My only frustration is as per this video I've had 9 adverts in 13 mins of a 30 min bid hugely immersion breaking and over the top for a 30 min video
Ad block....
On your phone or in chrome or firefox
Ad blocker..
You only get 2 ads between every video then, i wish i could block those aswell.......
Why aren't ATC required to speak fluent EN when people's lives are at stake?!
That dark errie jingle and the green graphics really captured my interest, outside of the actual content that is, if course.
I remember when this happened. I regularly go to Colombia about every 2 yrs. When this occurred, I was so angry that i went flying with Avianca. Now that Avianca service has gotten trashy, ive gone back to flying AA. Its nice to knw that as a result of this tragedy, some safety measures had been implemented to avoid this type of accident.
Pity so many had to die so's that they were implemented, as though nobody had any common sence and so many people have to die for this to happen....
Pity this stupid "industry" hasn't the inteligence to "risk assess" these kind of problems and make them right and safe, and us the "cannon fodder" have to die before the industry makes it look as though something has been done.....
Pathetic industry where we are used as crash test dummies, and participation is 1 grand a seat.
DONT FLY IN A PLANE, GO BY BOAT OR ANY MODE OF TRANSPORT UNTIL THIS INDUSTRY CLEANS UP ITS ACT, FROM PLANE MANUFACTURER'S AND DESIGN, COMPANY POLICY'S, REMOVE RETARDED PILOTS, AND RETARDED REPAIR MEN AND COMPANY ETHOS ON REPAIRS....
THE WHOLE INDUSTRY IS INFESTWD WITH BEAN COUNTERS AT THE EXPENSE OF OUR LIVES.....
PLEASE DONT GO INTO AN AEROPLANE, CHOOSE A DIFFERENT HOLIDAY AND SUPPORT YOUR OWN HOME COUNTRY.
Great series, only just "found" them in the last week or so. Also a very interesting and quite unique (different) pronunciation of the letter R (as in Rozo etc)!!!
I’m amazed anyone survived this.
I hope all your videos form part of pilot training courses. Incredible wisdom here which should be utilised to prevent accidents. Amazing work.
Im so greatful I came across this channel, I love it very informative and well done . Thankyou and looking forward to more 😊
Thank you, more vids on the way!
@@GreenDotAviation good stuff much love from central coast / new south Wales / Australia 🇦🇺
Yes this was definately told better than the original Mayday episode (or whatever it was). Thank you!
Pilots with nearly 30000 hrs have crashed airliners. Eastern L1011 in Everglades, United DC8 in Portland. To have done that many hours tells me these captains were up with the best of their time. Goes to show, this can happen to any pilot on a bad day.
So then why do they make such what seem to be simple mistakes that they should know better about?
@@Mordecai154 human factors, my friend. That was the exact point I made. Doesn't matter how many hours we do, we are not exempt from mistakes. Human factors.
@@jamiejaysinger8391 I only know thru accident reports, not personal experience. Human factors can happen to the most experienced. That was my point.
In diving accidents, "they were an experienced diver" is almost a meme at this point. Many incidents by supposedly experienced divers, where it turns out they made basic mistakes. Raw hours doesn't always mean improved skill. It can even mean worse skill if you're drilling in bad habits. It depends what happens to you during that time and whether you continually reflect on your actions regardless of whether you made it out okay . I'm surprised the "experienced crew" term is thrown around so often in these incidents. It shows a lack of understanding of how human skill acquisition works.
If you enjoyed this video, you can support the channel and get early-access to ad-free videos on Patreon! www.patreon.com/GreenDotAviation
Excellent job. The reason for the crash is they didn't follow the published approach, as required by the airline. Simple as that. Sad so many died for such a glaring error.
I really like this channel. The narrator does a great job of storytelling, along with great explanations of acronyms, the various aircraft systems, and the procedures involved in aircraft piloting. The amazing re-dramatization footage is a very nice touch too. 🌟🌟🌟🌟🌟
when task saturated, how much room is there for emotions? seems like with enough experience and training to periodically check in you could notice feeling overwhelmed / more stressed than usual, and from that just have a requirement to assume something's gone wrong and pull up and restart the procedure
basically, just a further application of "if it sucks, hit da bricks"
Lol you realize what you described is basically a robot. Humans have chemical reactions going in in their brain. Thats like saying “just don’t be sad” when you are sad about something.
I also felt safe whenever I fly with American airlines. But even with this two skilled pilot's. Anything could go wrong!
Awesome video GDA. I like how thorough your explanation was. In all the other videos that I have seen regarding American 965, I don't believe I've seen the reference to the 'speed brakes did not retract.'
It's been a while since your last video. I look forward to your next. Thank you.
Thanks! I'll be returning to more regular uploading from this month :)
Pure gold story telling.
This is truly a tragedy,excellent video.❤
I would like to remind people that nowadays flying commercially in South America is really safe and that Brazil is a member of Group I in ICAO, which consists of states of chief importance in air transport.
You forget "MIRACLE DOG" 🐕🐶🐶🐶
Yes! The dog survived!