Francis Mojica described the DNA sequence in Crispr, identified that it is coming from a virus (bacteriophage). He hypothesized that it might be part of adaptive immune system in bacterias. Whereas Emmanouelle Charpentier and Jennifer Doudna invented Crispr-cas9 system in the lab revolutionizing gene editing.
very keen observation. I wonder, if she ever noticed that herself. I have a hard enough time following her to the point of getting the drift, but what mind can actually come up with the solutions, let alone understanding the problem?
This is a great discovery. I wrote a specific aims page and actually used the CRISPR Cas 9 system. Its humbling to know I can interact with the minds behind the discovery of this technology... Its simple, specific and profound.
I have to perform CRISPR technology in my project and I have found that this video has explained CRISPR beautifully! Thank you for your time in creating and uploading this.
This is the best explanation I've seen of the Crispr approach to genetic engineering. I thought her talk was very understandable (i.e. without lots of mumbo jumbo jargon) and much better at answering some of the numerous questionsI had after reading various articles about the technique. I particularly liked that it was well grounded in the basic biology of organisms and clearly built upon other research, as well. Good going, and thank you.
In 50 or 100 years...our descendants may look back and identify this as the point when man really took control of the genome. On a par with control of fire and domestication of animals and plants.
May not even take that long. Check this partnership announcement around IBM Watson for Genomics & Illumina : www.illumina.com/company/news-center/press-releases/press-release-details.html?newsid=2234854 "By adding Watson for Genomics to Illumina’s next-generation sequencing platform, researchers who use Illumina’s cancer genome sequencing panel will have rapid access to information to help interpret the broad array of variant data produced by TruSight Tumor 170. Illumina’s TruSight® Tumor 170 is a solid tumor profiling panel designed to detect a comprehensive set of variants across 170 genes. In a matter of minutes, Watson for Genomics will read the genetic alteration files produced by TruSight Tumor 170, comb professional guidelines, medical literature, clinical trials compendia, and other sources of knowledge to provide information for each genomic alteration, and produce a report for use by researchers -- a process that typically takes scientists more than one week to complete. Watson for Genomics ingests data from approximately 10,000 scientific articles and 100 new clinical trials every month."
Marvelous presentation of a fascinating topic. I would vote for you to get the Nobel prize considering the massive importance of your discovery. Glad to see my old alma mater is nurturing such famous people. I studied there in Physiology and took Organic Chemistry with Melvin Calvin. I'm a retired doctor and doing animations of CRISP Cas9 in Cinema 4D. What an exciting field you are in and what great work! Thank you for what you have done.
I wish I could say that’s the end of it because I haven't had any symptoms since then. Do not expose yourself to more danger, use a herbal remedy that is safe and effective. If interested contact him via email address dr.chalaherbalhome@gmail.com OR you can visit his website on drchalaherbalhome.godaddysites.com To know more about his product and services ......
I believe that when a cell is engineered to produce a "foreign" protein, the end product might be different from the intended peptide or protein, if the enzyme to cleave the signal peptide is not present in the endoplasmic reticulum of that cell. What a powerful tool, have been found, let's hope that it will be used for healing people! Congrats to all involved in this major breakthrough!
I wish I could say that’s the end of it because I haven't had any symptoms since then. Do not expose yourself to more danger, use a herbal remedy that is safe and effective. If interested contact him via email address dr.chalaherbalhome@gmail.com OR you can visit his website on drchalaherbalhome.godaddysites.com To know more about his product and services
I wish I could say that’s the end of it because I haven't had any symptoms since then. Do not expose yourself to more danger, use a herbal remedy that is safe and effective. If interested contact him via email address dr.chalaherbalhome@gmail.com OR you can visit his website on drchalaherbalhome.godaddysites.com To know more about his product and services
Well it uses the incorporated viral DNA in between the bacteria's palindromic dna sequence which when transcribed in rna guides the Cas9 to the newly injected viral DNA which is cleaved
I have a question. How do bacteria respond to the viruses (bacteriophages) that are infecting for the first time? Do bacteria use the same CRISPR-Cas9 system for it or they switch to other system, since there is not any viral sequence present in the CRISPR Sequence of bacteria.
The plasmid has a known sequence. The CRISPR guide RNA is made with a sequence matching the known plasmid sequence. (let’s look at lane one; GFP1) The location is picked because of the GG, so it is somewhat but not completely arbitrary. The plasmid is incubated with GFP1 and a regular restriction endonuclease. The circular plasmid is now two pieces and the sizes, according to gel electrophoresis, match the expected sizes. The cut occurred where predicted. Is that right?
i didn;t understand this, is there a better video where they explain how it works step by step in a story with animation and less jargon? Plz send link
I wish I could say that’s the end of it because I haven't had any symptoms since then. Do not expose yourself to more danger, use a herbal remedy that is safe and effective. If interested contact him via email address dr.chalaherbalhome@gmail.com OR you can visit his website on drchalaherbalhome.godaddysites.com To know more about his product and services
Congratulations Emmanuelle Charpentier and Jennifer Doudna for wining the Nobel prize you deserve it And I am so proud to see 2 smart ladies doing this achievement ,,, you will inspire alot of girls around the world to have confidence of them self and to believe that they can change the world like you do
I wish I could say that’s the end of it because I haven't had any symptoms since then. Do not expose yourself to more danger, use a herbal remedy that is safe and effective. If interested contact him via email address dr.chalaherbalhome@gmail.com OR you can visit his website on drchalaherbalhome.godaddysites.com To know more about his product and services
I wish I could say that’s the end of it because I haven't had any symptoms since then. Do not expose yourself to more danger, use a herbal remedy that is safe and effective. If interested contact him via email address dr.chalaherbalhome@gmail.com OR you can visit his website on drchalaherbalhome.godaddysites.com To know more about his product and services
*overthinking ahead...* Well, first, you would need to find out what causes aging on the molecular level, then you would need to find a way to mitigate these processes. Since the law of entropy states that total entropy in a system must increase, you would have to find a way to decrease the entropy of the living systems of your cells while expending energy to do so. The first law of thermodynamics also predicts a loss of useful energy in any case, so you would need a way to continually renew this hypothetical regeneration system...but that system must be renewed...that would repeat ad infinitum.
*overthinking ahead...* Well, first, you would need to find out what causes aging on the molecular level, then you would need to find a way to mitigate these processes. Since the law of entropy states that total entropy in a system must increase, you would have to find a way to decrease the entropy of the living systems of your cells while expending energy to do so. The first law of thermodynamics also predicts a loss of useful energy in any case, so you would need a way to continually renew this hypothetical regeneration system...but that system must be renewed...that would repeat ad infinitum.
So I just have one quick question, If the bacteria incorporates the sequences of repeats of viruses and uses them to recruit the Cas 9 endonuclease, which mechanism does it use to avoid deleting its own crispr sites since they also have the viral dna segments...?. If there are those sequences at the 5' and 3' of CRISPR Cas 9 that prevents it from recruiting the Cas 9 in CRISPR site, does it mean if the virus inserts its DNA in that region can evade this high profile immune system?. or the length of the viral DNA also matters?.
Patrick Kimani Your question brings to mind a paragraph I once read on restriction enzyme EcoRI, apparently, the bacteria E. coli methylates the beginning/end of the sequence to avoid its own genome being shredded by the enzyme it produces to protect against the virus. maybe it's the same mechanism? I should definitely read this up.
Areeb Jawed I bet if thats what happens, then after incorporating the viral dna, the enzyme dna methylase is recruited to the new recombinant dna formed to methylate it. Am just proposing. I actually dont know if thats what happens. If its so, then it answers my question...
I realy can't understand how the gRNA binds to the cas9, I mean when have the CAS9 and the gRNA that we have just synthesized,which are both two separate macromolecules,what should we do to bind the two together properly .
I just got introduced to CRISPR-Cas 9 system, and I am genuinely amazed at how simple yet intricate this system is. Hats off to you and your team for finding this breakthrough. I think you have firmly carved your name into the history books of biological research.
I wish I could say that’s the end of it because I haven't had any symptoms since then. Do not expose yourself to more danger, use a herbal remedy that is safe and effective. If interested contact him via email address dr.chalaherbalhome@gmail.com OR you can visit his website on drchalaherbalhome.godaddysites.com To know more about his product and services ...
I wish I could say that’s the end of it because I haven't had any symptoms since then. Do not expose yourself to more danger, use a herbal remedy that is safe and effective. If interested contact him via email address dr.chalaherbalhome@gmail.com OR you can visit his website on drchalaherbalhome.godaddysites.com To know more about his product and services
+YawnGod haha i saw that, also im pretty sure that Cas9 is toxic to Chlamydomonas and theyre searching for other effectors? Not sure if it should be listed here haha
The Doudna lab's basic research was clearly instrumental to this technology, but I did laugh a bit at the slide presented at 12:30 (and 13:40)... it screams "give me a Nobel Prize!" it's so humble, and yet so passive aggressive. I love it. Nonetheless, it was a very informative presentation.
I don't understand the PAM sequence. I assume there isn't necessarily a PAM seq where we want to cut the strand. but it's required for the cleavage to happen...how???
An NGG (any letter, GG PAM) sequence directly following your protospacer is a secondary measure to make sure the Cas9 is cutting in the right spot. There may be another 20 base sequence in the genome thats similar to where you want to target but the PAM with its specific (any letter)GG will make sure the cas9 only cuts at the targeted one.
I wish I could say that’s the end of it because I haven't had any symptoms since then. Do not expose yourself to more danger, use a herbal remedy that is safe and effective. If interested contact him via email address dr.chalaherbalhome@gmail.com OR you can visit his website on drchalaherbalhome.godaddysites.com To know more about his product and services ......
You observed that the CRISPR knock-out of protein X either promotes or represses RNA polymerase II transcription, depending on the gene. Which experiments would you carry out to reveal the mechanism for this differential activity?
The first real cut and paste tool for our "software". Let's hope "genome software developers" don't create nastier bugs when trying to solve "old bugs". Debugging tools for this type of coding will create many moral problems. Responsible "developers" are hard to find. Hopefully the complexity of the "whole system" will prevent "small inconvenient bugs" from creating drastic consequences.
+Vítor Antão "Responsible "developers" are hard to find." Then you haven´t been looking at all. It´s sad when grown men get there notion of "evil scientists" from browsing random cartoons.
Tobias Kindervall i certainly agree most scientists only have good intentions.. but, governments will PAY good money for what they want, and the world evolves around greed unfortunately. So, dangers are very possible. Let's hope not
Perhaps it irresponsible developers won't be a threat because I would imagine that this type of knowledge and the tools to carry out genetic engineering would need licensed professionals who go through a certain amount of schooling. Similar how you don't see brain surgeons messing up with people's brains purposefully during surgery, a genetic engineer wouldn't great genetic "software bugs". Or I could be totally wrong, I'm no fortune teller haha.
Does anybody know if i can study in the field of human gene therapy if i choose Biotechnology as a major this year? if not, do you have a better idea? i live already in germany
If I had a choice I'm OK with aging and dying, it's a natural process for me because it's giving my body back to nature but I'm hoping this really helps the future generations like my great great grandchildren to live very long lives, free of disease. I hope it becomes a success!
I wish I could say that’s the end of it because I haven't had any symptoms since then. Do not expose yourself to more danger, use a herbal remedy that is safe and effective. If interested contact him via email address dr.chalaherbalhome@gmail.com OR you can visit his website on drchalaherbalhome.godaddysites.com To know more about his product and services ...
If the CRISPR bacterial system is incorporating selective bits of foreign DNA, does this mean this mechanism won't work on RNA viruses? Without a RT enzyme in the bacterial cytoplasm how would it incorporate RNA genomic sequence? ?
I wish I could say that’s the end of it because I haven't had any symptoms since then. Do not expose yourself to more danger, use a herbal remedy that is safe and effective. If interested contact him via email address dr.chalaherbalhome@gmail.com OR you can visit his website on drchalaherbalhome.godaddysites.com To know more about his product and services ......
She doesn't really even try to explain how Homologous Recombination actually puts in the donor DNA, she should be well knowledged in that based on her experience.
Thanks for very nice and well demonstrated video lecture on CRSIPR Cas-9 mechanism and its novel applications. Once a Bacterium is infected by a Bacteriophage, what type of enzymes cleave the viral genome within bacterium, to be remembered by Bacterial genome for recognition in future by CRISPR-Cas9 complex. I mean a detailed mechanism of Adaptive immune system adapted by Bacteria.
+Leticia Paranhos Então, resumindo, Jennifer diz que um jeito mais fácil de editar ADN foi descoberta. O processo usa uma proteína chamada de "Cas9" (que se encontra na bactéria Streptococcus pyogenes) que corta as duas cadeias do ADN conforme das instruções de ARN num lugar específico. Quando cortado, da para inserir os segmentos do ADN que você quiser. Assim pode adicionar ou editar um gene, estudar um gene desconhecido, ou explorar um defeito no ADN em um organismo.
At 7:40 would be better to have used an acrylamide gel to resolve short DNA fragments, rather than an agarose gel. Bands would be razor sharp not fuzzy.
I wish I could say that’s the end of it because I haven't had any symptoms since then. Do not expose yourself to more danger, use a herbal remedy that is safe and effective. If interested contact him via email address dr.chalaherbalhome@gmail.com OR you can visit his website on drchalaherbalhome.godaddysites.com To know more about his product and services ......
I wish I could say that’s the end of it because I haven't had any symptoms since then. Do not expose yourself to more danger, use a herbal remedy that is safe and effective. If interested contact him via email address dr.chalaherbalhome@gmail.com OR you can visit his website on drchalaherbalhome.godaddysites.com To know more about his product and services ...
I believe in this. And I would be willing to try this. One Doctor a specialist, already suggested this for me but I don't know why I have not received it yet. 😞
I wish I could say that’s the end of it because I haven't had any symptoms since then. Do not expose yourself to more danger, use a herbal remedy that is safe and effective. If interested contact him via email address dr.chalaherbalhome@gmail.com OR you can visit his website on drchalaherbalhome.godaddysites.com To know more about his product and services ......
I wish I could say that’s the end of it because I haven't had any symptoms since then. Do not expose yourself to more danger, use a herbal remedy that is safe and effective. If interested contact him via email address dr.chalaherbalhome@gmail.com OR you can visit his website on drchalaherbalhome.godaddysites.com To know more about his product and services ......
I wish I could say that’s the end of it because I haven't had any symptoms since then. Do not expose yourself to more danger, use a herbal remedy that is safe and effective. If interested contact him via email address dr.chalaherbalhome@gmail.com OR you can visit his website on drchalaherbalhome.godaddysites.com To know more about his product and services ......
"l o l" ... the woman who co-created-discovered the technology is more adept at describing it's functionality than many derivative videos I've seen on the net since. ... The Professor must be very proud that her work has ultimately led to the prospect of mRNA-vector Vaccines being able to end this terrible Pandemic very soon.
Dr., I have a question. Can Crispr take a person with a bad gene and fix all the DNA in the body at once? So if someone has the gene for breast cancer, can you take a woman in her early 20s and fix this bad gene that causes breast cancer? If not now, could it be done in the future? I ask because I don't understand if Crispr only can fix problems before birth on the FETUS or if it works on adults as well. The fact I have to ask this is a good example of a huge disconnect when scientists try to explain things to the public. You guys should interview regular people first, talk about things like Crispr, and then do a video like this. Thank you.
Yes it would work on adults as well, though the technology is not quite there yet. If you want a more approachable version of this, there is a nice video from kurzgesagt about this topic.
Or cure Malaria which the CDC says "In 2015 an estimated 214 million cases of malaria occurred worldwide and 438,000 people died, mostly children in the African Region."
+Michael Usher intl we are sent back a couple decades and have no grid and 80s programmed computers because we bombed one another. I wish we could kill tv's and only allow peer to peer communication.
I couldn't focus.. once I noticed the sibilant "s" in her speech, it was like fingernails on blackboard.. Will try again later (after I forget to notice it).
I wish I could say that’s the end of it because I haven't had any symptoms since then. Do not expose yourself to more danger, use a herbal remedy that is safe and effective. If interested contact him via email address dr.chalaherbalhome@gmail.com OR you can visit his website on drchalaherbalhome.godaddysites.com To know more about his product and services ...
I wish I could say that’s the end of it because I haven't had any symptoms since then. Do not expose yourself to more danger, use a herbal remedy that is safe and effective. If interested contact him via email address dr.chalaherbalhome@gmail.com OR you can visit his website on drchalaherbalhome.godaddysites.com To know more about his product and services ......
Так, редагування геному - це прорив в інженерній генетиці, але які нас чекають віддалені наслідки втручання в геном ще невідомі. Можна тільки прогнозувати, що стійкість редагованих генів до впливу мутаційних факторів буде невеликою і ,як результат, будемо мати зростання злоякісних новоутворень. Значно перспективнішим і безпечнішим шляхом є пошук засобів збільшення експресії генів.
Thank you for explaining this system. Ivworked. In this same dept at Stanley hall in the lab across the phage lab, fifty years ago, exciting to see the advances in science and technology and how far we have come.
8:45 “That show that cells have a way of repairing breaks in double stranded DNA that results in change of the genomic…” “Change in genomic…” is a sanitized way of saying “mutation” of which cancer is a subset of. What this says to me is that CAS molecules, if programmed to sever particular sequences have a certain degree of probability for severing unintended sequences in trillions of combinations of genetic codes found in chromosomes that are trillions of bits long. I understand that she is talking about smaller sequences found in bacteria, this is the same technology used to manufacture insulin from E. Coli and yeast cells in mass quantities. What are the chances that a CAS protein is inadvertently picked up by an unintended virus or bacteria causing mutation in those cells? What are the chances that a bacteria picks up a CAS protein and incorporates it into its genome to be used on other cells? 12:00 My first impression would be to take any proposed genome alteration and apply it to raw DNA in steps. The first step would be to introduce the CAS enzyme to the complete genome of the intended target and observe where breaks are made. If breaks occur in more locations including the targeted location, how would you proceed from there?
I wish I could say that’s the end of it because I haven't had any symptoms since then. Do not expose yourself to more danger, use a herbal remedy that is safe and effective. If interested contact him via email address dr.chalaherbalhome@gmail.com OR you can visit his website on drchalaherbalhome.godaddysites.com To know more about his product and services ...
I wish I could say that’s the end of it because I haven't had any symptoms since then. Do not expose yourself to more danger, use a herbal remedy that is safe and effective. If interested contact him via email address dr.chalaherbalhome@gmail.com OR you can visit his website on drchalaherbalhome.godaddysites.com To know more about his product and services ...
Your team deserves the Nobel prize.
they won/.
Ahaaa they woonn
They won
And they surely did.
What are the odds!!
may be very likely BUT still what a remark!!!
CRISPR system explained by its discoverer! Potential is endless.
The discoverer is Francis Mojica
Francis Mojica described the DNA sequence in Crispr, identified that it is coming from a virus (bacteriophage). He hypothesized that it might be part of adaptive immune system in bacterias. Whereas Emmanouelle Charpentier and Jennifer Doudna invented Crispr-cas9 system in the lab revolutionizing gene editing.
lol her surname ends in dna
+Guillermo Valle Do U DNA?
very keen observation. I wonder, if she ever noticed that herself. I have a hard enough time following her to the point of getting the drift, but what mind can actually come up with the solutions, let alone understanding the problem?
Do u even DNA bro
Do u even DNA bro
More like, "Do u, DNA!" (Encouraging DNA)
This is a great discovery. I wrote a specific aims page and actually used the CRISPR Cas 9 system. Its humbling to know I can interact with the minds behind the discovery of this technology... Its simple, specific and profound.
I have to perform CRISPR technology in my project and I have found that this video has explained CRISPR beautifully!
Thank you for your time in creating and uploading this.
thank you, scientists, for working tirelessly to bring the best for our health
This is the best explanation I've seen of the Crispr approach to genetic engineering. I thought her talk was very understandable (i.e. without lots of mumbo jumbo jargon) and much better at answering some of the numerous questionsI had after reading various articles about the technique. I particularly liked that it was well grounded in the basic biology of organisms and clearly built upon other research, as well. Good going, and thank you.
Should be the best explanation, right? Her team basically invented it hahah I had some trouble understanding it from other videos but this was great
In 50 or 100 years...our descendants may look back and identify this as the point when man really took control of the genome. On a par with control of fire and domestication of animals and plants.
Dave Balding
Now combine what you are saying with information technology with the likes of IBM Watson and this may have occurred in 15 years times.
May not even take that long. Check this partnership announcement around IBM Watson for Genomics & Illumina : www.illumina.com/company/news-center/press-releases/press-release-details.html?newsid=2234854
"By adding Watson for Genomics to Illumina’s next-generation sequencing platform, researchers who use Illumina’s cancer genome sequencing panel will have rapid access to information to help interpret the broad array of variant data produced by TruSight Tumor 170. Illumina’s TruSight® Tumor 170 is a solid tumor profiling panel designed to detect a comprehensive set of variants across 170 genes.
In a matter of minutes, Watson for Genomics will read the genetic alteration files produced by TruSight Tumor 170, comb professional guidelines, medical literature, clinical trials compendia, and other sources of knowledge to provide information for each genomic alteration, and produce a report for use by researchers -- a process that typically takes scientists more than one week to complete. Watson for Genomics ingests data from approximately 10,000 scientific articles and 100 new clinical trials every month."
Who's to say that unlocking the source code of life won't bring as much risk as unlocking the mechanism of nuclear energy has?
Marvelous presentation of a fascinating topic. I would vote for you to get the Nobel prize considering the massive importance of your discovery. Glad to see my old alma mater is nurturing such famous people. I studied there in Physiology and took Organic Chemistry with Melvin Calvin. I'm a retired doctor and doing animations of CRISP Cas9 in Cinema 4D. What an exciting field you are in and what great work! Thank you for what you have done.
I wish I could say that’s the end of it because I haven't had any symptoms since then. Do not expose yourself to more danger, use a herbal remedy that is safe and effective. If interested contact him via email address dr.chalaherbalhome@gmail.com OR you can visit his website on drchalaherbalhome.godaddysites.com
To know more about his product and services ......
Fyi, both UC Berkeley and the Broad Institute of MIT discovered and developed CRISPR genetic editing technology.😇
Heroes. Too few people recognize how important these people are to us all.
I'm gonna try this at home.
+m doeller Don't try this at home.
they do move in herds
+m doeller for what, and with who, I hope,you dont have any pet :D ...and if its work write me ok :)
you _can_ try this at home! (well, at your lab) there are very cheap CRISPR kits
Instructions unclear. Accidentally made a sabre-toothed tiger.
Loved the Radiolab episode! Thanks for posting, very informative.
I believe that when a cell is engineered to produce a "foreign" protein, the end product might be different from the intended peptide or protein, if the enzyme to cleave the signal peptide is not present in the endoplasmic reticulum of that cell. What a powerful tool, have been found, let's hope that it will be used for healing people! Congrats to all involved in this major breakthrough!
Time to say you are an inspiration. Very well done.
Congratulations on the Nobel prize. We are learning about your research in my genetics class!
I wish I could say that’s the end of it because I haven't had any symptoms since then. Do not expose yourself to more danger, use a herbal remedy that is safe and effective. If interested contact him via email address dr.chalaherbalhome@gmail.com OR you can visit his website on drchalaherbalhome.godaddysites.com
To know more about his product and services
Jennifer you are my hero!!
Congratulations on the Nobel prize Jennifer and Emmanuelle
I wish I could say that’s the end of it because I haven't had any symptoms since then. Do not expose yourself to more danger, use a herbal remedy that is safe and effective. If interested contact him via email address dr.chalaherbalhome@gmail.com OR you can visit his website on drchalaherbalhome.godaddysites.com
To know more about his product and services
Such an awesome technique! This will create so many breakthroughs in vaaarious research disciplines!
How is this different from normal restriction enzymes which can cut at specific sites?
Great work Jennifer et al!
Great and very informative video. However I can't help but wonder how does CRISPR avoid self targeting?
Well it uses the incorporated viral DNA in between the bacteria's palindromic dna sequence which when transcribed in rna guides the Cas9 to the newly injected viral DNA which is cleaved
You all are my heroes!
I have a question. How do bacteria respond to the viruses (bacteriophages) that are infecting for the first time? Do bacteria use the same CRISPR-Cas9 system for it or they switch to other system, since there is not any viral sequence present in the CRISPR Sequence of bacteria.
Cant believe I am listenning an explanation from a nobel prize!!
The plasmid has a known sequence. The CRISPR guide RNA is made with a sequence matching the known plasmid sequence. (let’s look at lane one; GFP1) The location is picked because of the GG, so it is somewhat but not completely arbitrary. The plasmid is incubated with GFP1 and a regular restriction endonuclease. The circular plasmid is now two pieces and the sizes, according to gel electrophoresis, match the expected sizes. The cut occurred where predicted. Is that right?
Fascinating ! I wish I was Jennifer Doudna . Enchanted.
i didn;t understand this, is there a better video where they explain how it works step by step in a story with animation and less jargon? Plz send link
Congratulations to you and Emmanuelle Charpentier for winning the Nobel Prize this year 2020!
I wish I could say that’s the end of it because I haven't had any symptoms since then. Do not expose yourself to more danger, use a herbal remedy that is safe and effective. If interested contact him via email address dr.chalaherbalhome@gmail.com OR you can visit his website on drchalaherbalhome.godaddysites.com
To know more about his product and services
well explained.....continue the same work....all the best
Congratulations Emmanuelle Charpentier and Jennifer Doudna for wining the Nobel prize you deserve it
And I am so proud to see 2 smart ladies doing this achievement ,,, you will inspire alot of girls around the world to have confidence of them self and to believe that they can change the world like you do
I wish I could say that’s the end of it because I haven't had any symptoms since then. Do not expose yourself to more danger, use a herbal remedy that is safe and effective. If interested contact him via email address dr.chalaherbalhome@gmail.com OR you can visit his website on drchalaherbalhome.godaddysites.com
To know more about his product and services
Congratulations Jennifer for winning Noble Prize 2020!
I wish I could say that’s the end of it because I haven't had any symptoms since then. Do not expose yourself to more danger, use a herbal remedy that is safe and effective. If interested contact him via email address dr.chalaherbalhome@gmail.com OR you can visit his website on drchalaherbalhome.godaddysites.com
To know more about his product and services
A very clear explanation straight from the source.
As clear as mud can be!
What a time to be alive 😀🍎❤️
Nah i would want to live in the future :'( when this is all sorted
+Zahid khan if you where there when it was already sorted out then you wouldn't value it as much, like computers and phones.
DEDZ I'd appreciate AI's and robots
What a good comment, I have nothing to add.
and this is ladies and jents, is how you win a nobel!
So how much longer until I am immortal?
Right
*overthinking ahead...* Well, first, you would need to find out what causes aging on the molecular level, then you would need to find a way to mitigate these processes. Since the law of entropy states that total entropy in a system must increase, you would have to find a way to decrease the entropy of the living systems of your cells while expending energy to do so. The first law of thermodynamics also predicts a loss of useful energy in any case, so you would need a way to continually renew this hypothetical regeneration system...but that system must be renewed...that would repeat ad infinitum.
*overthinking ahead...* Well, first, you would need to find out what causes aging on the molecular level, then you would need to find a way to mitigate these processes. Since the law of entropy states that total entropy in a system must increase, you would have to find a way to decrease the entropy of the living systems of your cells while expending energy to do so. The first law of thermodynamics also predicts a loss of useful energy in any case, so you would need a way to continually renew this hypothetical regeneration system...but that system must be renewed...that would repeat ad infinitum.
+PushMyCarr depends how much research you contribute to
There is a guy that has already designed anti-aging medication
So I just have one quick question, If the bacteria incorporates the sequences of repeats of viruses and uses them to recruit the Cas 9 endonuclease, which mechanism does it use to avoid deleting its own crispr sites since they also have the viral dna segments...?. If there are those sequences at the 5' and 3' of CRISPR Cas 9 that prevents it from recruiting the Cas 9 in CRISPR site, does it mean if the virus inserts its DNA in that region can evade this high profile immune system?. or the length of the viral DNA also matters?.
Patrick Kimani Your question brings to mind a paragraph I once read on restriction enzyme EcoRI, apparently, the bacteria E. coli methylates the beginning/end of the sequence to avoid its own genome being shredded by the enzyme it produces to protect against the virus.
maybe it's the same mechanism?
I should definitely read this up.
Areeb Jawed I bet if thats what happens, then after incorporating the viral dna, the enzyme dna methylase is recruited to the new recombinant dna formed to methylate it. Am just proposing. I actually dont know if thats what happens. If its so, then it answers my question...
I realy can't understand how the gRNA binds to the cas9, I mean when have the CAS9 and the gRNA that we have just synthesized,which are both two separate macromolecules,what should we do to bind the two together properly .
I just got introduced to CRISPR-Cas 9 system, and I am genuinely amazed at how simple yet intricate this system is. Hats off to you and your team for finding this breakthrough. I think you have firmly carved your name into the history books of biological research.
I wish I could say that’s the end of it because I haven't had any symptoms since then. Do not expose yourself to more danger, use a herbal remedy that is safe and effective. If interested contact him via email address dr.chalaherbalhome@gmail.com OR you can visit his website on drchalaherbalhome.godaddysites.com
To know more about his product and services ...
I am the one who watched this video before 7th October as well.
But now it seems more interesting to me.
Congratulations Jennifer 🎉🎉
I wish I could say that’s the end of it because I haven't had any symptoms since then. Do not expose yourself to more danger, use a herbal remedy that is safe and effective. If interested contact him via email address dr.chalaherbalhome@gmail.com OR you can visit his website on drchalaherbalhome.godaddysites.com
To know more about his product and services
Why is Chlamydomonas listed as a fungi?
+YawnGod haha i saw that, also im pretty sure that Cas9 is toxic to Chlamydomonas and theyre searching for other effectors? Not sure if it should be listed here haha
Extraordinary findings are always out of answering basic questions. Just like this, the unknown repeating genes in bacteria, what are their function?
The Doudna lab's basic research was clearly instrumental to this technology, but I did laugh a bit at the slide presented at 12:30 (and 13:40)... it screams "give me a Nobel Prize!" it's so humble, and yet so passive aggressive. I love it. Nonetheless, it was a very informative presentation.
I don't understand the PAM sequence. I assume there isn't necessarily a PAM seq where we want to cut the strand. but it's required for the cleavage to happen...how???
An NGG (any letter, GG PAM) sequence directly following your protospacer is a secondary measure to make sure the Cas9 is cutting in the right spot. There may be another 20 base sequence in the genome thats similar to where you want to target but the PAM with its specific (any letter)GG will make sure the cas9 only cuts at the targeted one.
I can see this technique being applied to cure allergies and some of types of cancer for sure.
What a great job she and her team did
I wish I could say that’s the end of it because I haven't had any symptoms since then. Do not expose yourself to more danger, use a herbal remedy that is safe and effective. If interested contact him via email address dr.chalaherbalhome@gmail.com OR you can visit his website on drchalaherbalhome.godaddysites.com
To know more about his product and services ......
You observed that the CRISPR knock-out of protein X either promotes or represses RNA polymerase II transcription, depending on the gene. Which experiments would you carry out to reveal the mechanism for this differential activity?
So incredible! This will change everything.
Transcribed? What is the sequence?
The first real cut and paste tool for our "software". Let's hope "genome software developers" don't create nastier bugs when trying to solve "old bugs". Debugging tools for this type of coding will create many moral problems. Responsible "developers" are hard to find. Hopefully the complexity of the "whole system" will prevent "small inconvenient bugs" from creating drastic consequences.
+Vítor Antãoin other words, it is quite scary shit lol... but yes i agree with all you said
+Vítor Antão "Responsible "developers" are hard to find." Then you haven´t been looking at all. It´s sad when grown men get there notion of "evil scientists" from browsing random cartoons.
Tobias Kindervall i certainly agree most scientists only have good intentions.. but, governments will PAY good money for what they want, and the world evolves around greed unfortunately. So, dangers are very possible. Let's hope not
Perhaps it irresponsible developers won't be a threat because I would imagine that this type of knowledge and the tools to carry out genetic engineering would need licensed professionals who go through a certain amount of schooling. Similar how you don't see brain surgeons messing up with people's brains purposefully during surgery, a genetic engineer wouldn't great genetic "software bugs". Or I could be totally wrong, I'm no fortune teller haha.
And don't overlook the DOD funding. No doubt some (entirely preventable) ugliness to come.
This is great. Amazing work.
who else is here 5.15.24 and waiting for this technology to become mainstream. 9 years ago and the the application has barely budged...
Good luck securing the patent ... really ... you deserve the rewards of your transformative work.
Thank you so much @ibiomagzine. just one question what is PAM sequence prior to cleavge site? Is it necessary for specific cleavge?
Does anybody know if i can study in the field of human gene therapy if i choose Biotechnology as a major this year? if not, do you have a better idea? i live already in germany
Go for it and GL
Thanks Jennifer for sharing. This has helped me immensely with my studies in Biotechnology . Excellent presentation!
awesome. very exciting. a quantum leap forward.
Amazing level of understanding.
We love you, Jennifer!
If I had a choice I'm OK with aging and dying, it's a natural process for me because it's giving my body back to nature but I'm hoping this really helps the future generations like my great great grandchildren to live very long lives, free of disease. I hope it becomes a success!
I wish I could say that’s the end of it because I haven't had any symptoms since then. Do not expose yourself to more danger, use a herbal remedy that is safe and effective. If interested contact him via email address dr.chalaherbalhome@gmail.com OR you can visit his website on drchalaherbalhome.godaddysites.com
To know more about his product and services ...
If the CRISPR bacterial system is incorporating selective bits of foreign DNA, does this mean this mechanism won't work on RNA viruses? Without a RT enzyme in the bacterial cytoplasm how would it incorporate RNA genomic sequence?
?
I wish I could say that’s the end of it because I haven't had any symptoms since then. Do not expose yourself to more danger, use a herbal remedy that is safe and effective. If interested contact him via email address dr.chalaherbalhome@gmail.com OR you can visit his website on drchalaherbalhome.godaddysites.com
To know more about his product and services ......
Super important things right here
Very nice talk. but Chlamydomonas is a green alga, not a fungus! (15:00)
She doesn't really even try to explain how Homologous Recombination actually puts in the donor DNA, she should be well knowledged in that based on her experience.
По настоящему удивительно, послушать рассказ об этой технологии от человека, непосредственно принимавшего участие в понимании её работы.)
Thank you for the post!
hi!can u plz suggest me any amazing recent research in field of genetics and biochemistry ......like crispr cas
Thanks for very nice and well demonstrated video lecture on CRSIPR Cas-9 mechanism and its novel applications.
Once a Bacterium is infected by a Bacteriophage, what type of enzymes cleave the viral genome within bacterium, to be remembered by Bacterial genome for recognition in future by CRISPR-Cas9 complex. I mean a detailed mechanism of Adaptive immune system adapted by Bacteria.
@@lanarey4944 Do you think this is appropriate reply
Could anyone help me? I am Brazilian and not clearly understand what she says. Could someone translate? Thank You.
To Portuguese? I'm poor in that language I can in Spanish
+Leticia Paranhos Então, resumindo, Jennifer diz que um jeito mais fácil de editar ADN foi descoberta. O processo usa uma proteína chamada de "Cas9" (que se encontra na bactéria Streptococcus pyogenes) que corta as duas cadeias do ADN conforme das instruções de ARN num lugar específico. Quando cortado, da para inserir os segmentos do ADN que você quiser. Assim pode adicionar ou editar um gene, estudar um gene desconhecido, ou explorar um defeito no ADN em um organismo.
At 7:40 would be better to have used an acrylamide gel to resolve short DNA fragments, rather than an agarose gel. Bands would be razor sharp not fuzzy.
I wish I could say that’s the end of it because I haven't had any symptoms since then. Do not expose yourself to more danger, use a herbal remedy that is safe and effective. If interested contact him via email address dr.chalaherbalhome@gmail.com OR you can visit his website on drchalaherbalhome.godaddysites.com
To know more about his product and services ......
great work and exciting to open up new gate of research in molecular biology.
Nice presentation....How this CRISPR technology would helpful for Genetic disorder diseases.
Does Cas9 require ATP for its action?
I wish I could say that’s the end of it because I haven't had any symptoms since then. Do not expose yourself to more danger, use a herbal remedy that is safe and effective. If interested contact him via email address dr.chalaherbalhome@gmail.com OR you can visit his website on drchalaherbalhome.godaddysites.com
To know more about his product and services ...
I believe in this. And I would be willing to try this. One Doctor a specialist, already suggested this for me but I don't know why I have not received it yet. 😞
I wish I could say that’s the end of it because I haven't had any symptoms since then. Do not expose yourself to more danger, use a herbal remedy that is safe and effective. If interested contact him via email address dr.chalaherbalhome@gmail.com OR you can visit his website on drchalaherbalhome.godaddysites.com
To know more about his product and services ......
does Cas9 cleavage and subsequent repair cause frame shift errors?
to get a better picture of the topic in a youtube video by the PERSON HERSELF is awesome!!
Can someone please explain how crRNA and tracrRNA are bound together or whatever to make gRNA?
I wish I could say that’s the end of it because I haven't had any symptoms since then. Do not expose yourself to more danger, use a herbal remedy that is safe and effective. If interested contact him via email address dr.chalaherbalhome@gmail.com OR you can visit his website on drchalaherbalhome.godaddysites.com
To know more about his product and services ......
Chlamydomonas is a fungi?
Thanks! This video helped me a lot!
very interesting and clearly explained! excellent supplement to my lecture notes!
Are crispr systems, or acquired immunity sequences, found in mammalian mitochondria (also from archaea)?
I wish I could say that’s the end of it because I haven't had any symptoms since then. Do not expose yourself to more danger, use a herbal remedy that is safe and effective. If interested contact him via email address dr.chalaherbalhome@gmail.com OR you can visit his website on drchalaherbalhome.godaddysites.com
To know more about his product and services ......
"l o l" ... the woman who co-created-discovered the technology is more adept at describing it's functionality than many derivative videos I've seen on the net since.
... The Professor must be very proud that her work has ultimately led to the prospect of mRNA-vector Vaccines being able to end this terrible Pandemic very soon.
Dr., I have a question. Can Crispr take a person with a bad gene and fix all the DNA in the body at once? So if someone has the gene for breast cancer, can you take a woman in her early 20s and fix this bad gene that causes breast cancer? If not now, could it be done in the future? I ask because I don't understand if Crispr only can fix problems before birth on the FETUS or if it works on adults as well. The fact I have to ask this is a good example of a huge disconnect when scientists try to explain things to the public. You guys should interview regular people first, talk about things like Crispr, and then do a video like this. Thank you.
Yes it would work on adults as well, though the technology is not quite there yet. If you want a more approachable version of this, there is a nice video from kurzgesagt about this topic.
Yes but it would be more targeted
thanks a lot for references to papers!
No we can have perfect people on planet Earth.
Or cure Malaria which the CDC says "In 2015 an estimated 214 million cases of malaria occurred worldwide and 438,000 people died, mostly children in the African Region."
+Michael Usher That's what I meant. If you're perfect, you're healthy!
We are on the same page, cool.
+Michael Usher intl we are sent back a couple decades and have no grid and 80s programmed computers because we bombed one another. I wish we could kill tv's and only allow peer to peer communication.
too much money in Gloom and doom society. we need to focus on this type of tech
I wonder if this system had been found in eukaryotes or is it strictly a bacterial evolutionary mechanism.
+Daniel Fleury apparently now even viruses have a similar system. (Nature last week)
+Emianka Sotiri Very interesting. That's mystifying, considering viruses are don't have any cellular repository.
للاسف انا ما بعرف الغة انجلش وياريت واحد يترجملي لان الفديو باين عليه ممتع للغاية
Brilliant! Well done Jennifer! 👏🏽
Do u DNA??
I couldn't focus.. once I noticed the sibilant "s" in her speech, it was like fingernails on blackboard.. Will try again later (after I forget to notice it).
God bless you. You make the world a better place for all of us. May you live forever. #respect
This is excellent! Thank you!
I wish I could say that’s the end of it because I haven't had any symptoms since then. Do not expose yourself to more danger, use a herbal remedy that is safe and effective. If interested contact him via email address dr.chalaherbalhome@gmail.com OR you can visit his website on drchalaherbalhome.godaddysites.com
To know more about his product and services ...
Really very well explanation ♥️
How cas9 will insert a new gene present in other cell
I wish I could say that’s the end of it because I haven't had any symptoms since then. Do not expose yourself to more danger, use a herbal remedy that is safe and effective. If interested contact him via email address dr.chalaherbalhome@gmail.com OR you can visit his website on drchalaherbalhome.godaddysites.com
To know more about his product and services ......
Так, редагування геному - це прорив в інженерній генетиці, але які нас чекають віддалені наслідки втручання в геном ще невідомі. Можна тільки прогнозувати, що стійкість редагованих генів до впливу мутаційних факторів буде невеликою і ,як результат, будемо мати зростання злоякісних новоутворень. Значно перспективнішим і безпечнішим шляхом є пошук засобів збільшення експресії генів.
knowledgeable and useful! most important, clever and beautiful!
yeah... I was pretty sure "junk DNA" wasn't junk at all
Thank you for explaining this system. Ivworked. In this same dept at Stanley hall in the lab across the phage lab, fifty years ago, exciting to see the advances in science and technology and how far we have come.
8:45 “That show that cells have a way of repairing breaks in double stranded DNA that results in change of the genomic…”
“Change in genomic…” is a sanitized way of saying “mutation” of which cancer is a subset of. What this says to me is that CAS molecules, if programmed to sever particular sequences have a certain degree of probability for severing unintended sequences in trillions of combinations of genetic codes found in chromosomes that are trillions of bits long.
I understand that she is talking about smaller sequences found in bacteria, this is the same technology used to manufacture insulin from E. Coli and yeast cells in mass quantities.
What are the chances that a CAS protein is inadvertently picked up by an unintended virus or bacteria causing mutation in those cells? What are the chances that a bacteria picks up a CAS protein and incorporates it into its genome to be used on other cells?
12:00 My first impression would be to take any proposed genome alteration and apply it to raw DNA in steps. The first step would be to introduce the CAS enzyme to the complete genome of the intended target and observe where breaks are made. If breaks occur in more locations including the targeted location, how would you proceed from there?
Is Chlamydomonas fungi? I think it's microalgae
I wish I could say that’s the end of it because I haven't had any symptoms since then. Do not expose yourself to more danger, use a herbal remedy that is safe and effective. If interested contact him via email address dr.chalaherbalhome@gmail.com OR you can visit his website on drchalaherbalhome.godaddysites.com
To know more about his product and services ...
the guide RNA is a 20-mer
thank you so much!!! it is so amazing!
I wish I could say that’s the end of it because I haven't had any symptoms since then. Do not expose yourself to more danger, use a herbal remedy that is safe and effective. If interested contact him via email address dr.chalaherbalhome@gmail.com OR you can visit his website on drchalaherbalhome.godaddysites.com
To know more about his product and services ...