Does the "Liability Order" Exist?
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The said " Liability Orders " were stopped and not replaced in 2003 !!! Hello , 20 years later !!!
the Council threat with a " Notice of Liability " which they print off them selves !!! smell a rat ?
I was sharing a property with another tenant. Due to various stuff going on I lost my job, and my health declined to a point where I couldn't work.
My half of the Council Tax was being met by my being entitled to the maximum amount of CT Benefit. So leaving the other tenant to pay the other half. I hope that seems straightforward so far.
Unfortunately for me the other tenant decided that it meant that we were both responsible for the remainder, and when he only paid 50% of the half it eventually got to the amount where the Council took action.
He didn't bother attending the hearing, but I did. I argued that I had my maximum liability already calculated by the Council and so shouldn't be included on the action. The Council and Chairman sympathised but said that liability couldn't be separated like that, and when I asked if the Council would increase my CTB they said no, I was at the maximum. Surely this cannot be right?
Also about 18 months later I found out that it wasn't a proper court hearing but the Council had hired a room in the local Courts and it was basically an admin process disguised as a court hearing. Isn't this misrepresentation?
My only consolation was that the Council agreed to chase the other (no former) co-tenant before asking me for payment. (Cherwell District Council)
Every act only applies to the man's PERSON aka corporation
@@anti-stupid-not--vax9629 every Act of Parliament applies to YOU if the Act says it does.
If HMK signs it, it IS the law.
@@MrAndrewFarrow if he doesn't like the law by all means question it but all of the FMOTL statements are just plain odd.
I was informed in 2021 and 2022 by the bailiffs that there were liability orders on me for council tax. Neither the council OR court ever informed me of said liability orders. I challenged the bailiffs, 2 years running, as to where these liability orders were. No response, no visits from bailiffs. I then asked the court, were there any orders made against me regarding this matter? Was told they don't need to answer me lol. Interesting! I then challenged the council, whom I had never heard anything from. Again stonewalled and ignored. Then nearly 3 years later I hear from a firm of solicitors informing me the council were going to put a charge on my house for said liability orders (that I'd never been informed off). I challenged the solicitors, who told me I now had to pay their costs too as I never paid council the tax before they applied for the charging order on my property. When I challenged solicitors as to why I wasn't informed there was to be a charging order put on my property, I was told "they don't have to inform me". If this isn't a twisted fraudulent system I don't know what is. Basically we are run by the Mafia who make the rules up as they go along.
Start asking questions, real pertinent ones, put common law precedents/case law down in front of them alongside of our constitutional bills and charters. There is only one way the council can get your home and that's theft, even if HMCTS endorses it.
So using this Leighton judgement if you can evidence what you claim then you can sure them as affirmed by BBB :)
funny ho barrister hasnt replied hes part of the problem
Is there any reason you are not paying your council tax? It seems to me that when you’ve stalled them as much as you can and run out of legal appeals you are going to end up in massive debt... good luck with that.
In "debt" to a parliament that is paid to serve the people... a "debt" created simply because you live in your home, your inalienable right to shelter from the environment... and the people don't see the issue with this?! It's fantastical, really!@@paullowden1643
Imagine if we all cancelled our council tax direct debits on the same day. Even if we witheld payment for just a few months it would send a huge message to those who seek to govern us.
Wouldn't it be better if we all made a claim against them for a lifetime refund based on the evidence we all have, legislation has to be applied by a decision maker at their discretion, that discretion comes with accountability and liability, as if they are the claimant, they must provide a statement to clarify and justify their reasons and actions.
Unfortunately it's our fellow human beings acting under orders for money that's causing this scam for a so call authority that is no more than a corporate business
@@paulsmith5997Moroni nonsense.
@@snowflakemelter1172 at least have the decency use your liable name
Doesn't matter. All councils are going bankrupt anyway.
and we will bail them out via our taxes...
There will be a bail in from the bank not long after. Banks shut down and ATM's turn off. complete legal@@JohnnyMotel99
Councils never go bankrupt, they can issue a section 114 notice which indicates that projected income does not meet projected outgoings for the coming year. In this instance they can reduce costs by reducing services to the bare minimum and seek ways to increase income. Recovering outstanding debts is one way of potentially increasing income. Ultimately the Government may give them a grant or allow a higher than usual increase in council tax. In most cases it is the residents who suffer and end up paying the shortfall one way or another.
The irony, the councils go bankrupt and don't pay their bills with no personal responsibilty for their incompetence but we have to pay council tax bills or they send in bailiffs into our homes.
Too much going to their Pensions
Blackbelt B 🤔 magistrates courts are linked to those lovely tv license goons, and the parking permit goons not to mention the council tax goons. 😳 heck an umbrella entity.
Linked, in what way are they linked?
What are you talking about???
That's like saying high courts are linked to criminals. They are but only in that criminals pass through them to be tried
@@mathewchild2492 Indeed. I believe people don’t actually believe what they write on here, it’s just to get attention because no one ever talks to them
How are they linked? Got any evidence you can show? Thought not.
Councils have, for years, printed their own documents entitled 'summons' and charged for them, they then print their own 'liability orders' and charge for them. I thought according to legislation they couldn't charge any more than a reasonable cost in line with what it had actually cost. The reality the lists are going through courts on the nod and councils are (or were) pretending to be pseudo courts and issuing their own orders. All very dodgy. It's been happening for years. I'm pretty sure a council can't charge for something they call a summons pretending it has been sent by a court.
No. It goes to a Magistrate who says “Liability Orders issued”.
It’s proving he said that that’s the issue here.
@@MrAndrewFarrow the council only hire a room in the magistrates court for the day
@@MrAndrewFarrowhow can it be an official order without being signed and stamped by a Justice of the peace? It’s illegal.
@@lewissell8904
> @MrAndrewFarrow how can it be an official order without being signed
> and stamped by a Justice of the peace? It’s illegal.
You're defective.
I had several of these…one each occasion, I was denied the opportunity to defend my case. On each occasion, an entire list is shoved through, despite the fact every person on the list, pays ‘full price’ for a Court Hearing. In the land of the Magna Carta, this is truly shameful. Our council - Kirklees which is Huddersfield and area - makes about £100k or more every year on this, by these methods. I have complained about being left sitting waiting for the court to call - there is nothing coming back from Councillors, MP, or the Council, that makes me think there is any concern or intention to change anything. A disgrace.
If you get a knock on the door, ask goon for the LO issuing court. Call the court and ask if a LO has been issued etc. I doubt there will be any court record. Tell goon to leave or you will call police
The lice are policy enforcers these days, ask them they'll tell you they work for the MOJ.
They break into people's houses on behalf of private energy brokers.
They have sunk almost as low as the private solicitors and barristers that earn a killing while upholding the lie that "legislation is law".
Then on his second visit for a Controlled Goods Order he may use reasonable force to get in and take your goods.
If you so much as push back you’re in serious trouble for (possibly aggravated) assault.
The bailiff going away on the first visit IS NOT a victory.
Not only will there be a Court Record but you will have been sent numerous letters telling you the gone and date of the hearing in advance and after you will have been sent a Notice of Liability Order.
There’ll be bucket loads of paperwork.
@@MrAndrewFarrow I assure you there will be No Court record of a liability order. But you can believe what you want
@@MrAndrewFarrow - you actually haven't listened to this judgement at all have you Mr Farrow.
This comment of yours is factually incorrect, it is misinformation.
So enforcement agents at the moment can not collect the debts as they have no court documents.
That's not what he said. Watch it again.
@@Thurgosh_OGbailiffs can not collect unless they have judicial authority which they don't have at present.
@@ThePatto56it doesn’t say that either.
The Liability Order exists and the creditor may appoint a debt collector.
Nothing has changed.
He just needs to bring evidence you were on that list.
@@MrAndrewFarrowLobo loans off the elite bankers because they're blackmailed for the usual masonic sickness.
@@MrAndrewFarrow You mean bailiff, debt collectors don't have any powers. We'll just have to now see what bailiffs show as proof, as when you ask court for proof of LO they always say contact your council.
So what Richard Vobes said was about correct. He said the liability order was verbal and not on hard copy and that the bailiffs only served a notice which is not a court order and thus they had no right to demand anything.
Why are we over paying for services we aren't getting?
Because councils don't receive enough money to operate the services they are required to do.
If our council spent the money on the thing people need and want instead of surveillance cameras and pride flags and elecic scooters and all the crap woke shit that has bankrupt nottingham city Council they would have more than enough money! The council is being run by idiots
Because it’s corrupt ask the council to give you 3 yrs accounts of where your money is being spent?
It does make me wonder. I'm rural, in my village, there are few footpaths by houses for pedestrian; there's a small side road with a single Street lamp and we get our bins collected. What is all of the rest of my council tax getting spent on because I see nothing for it. An occasional plastic police officer drives by maybe 2-3 times a year and the nearest fire service is a volunteer station. A lot of money for bin collections and a bit of light for the pensioners road.
Like what for instance ?
I urge everyone that gets issued a summons for council tax to turn up and defend themselves. The rubber stamp process of granting a liability order means that they can do 1,000s in a few minutes should end. Signing a list without giving it each name due process is a failure of administration. If even 10% of that list of 1,000s turned up they would have to do nothing else for a few days.
I've turned up for a council tax hearing and managed to get the entire thing thrown out for incorrect bill amounts (no correctly applied discount), and another for council not following their own procedure regarding complaints around council tax. It's always worth turning up, even if the council say they "will tell the judge you have an agreement" as the council will do nothing of the sort.
I've had a thing recently where I fell behind with paying council tax. I said I'd wait for the court summons and go as I'd offered to pay but at a rate they wouldn't accept. Anyway the person at the council told me that when it goes to the court I wouldn't be able to go as its done behind closed doors. So I couldn't put my case forward with amount I had offered to pay etc
Ah, another one denied access to "open justice".
I hope you didn't take that sitting down! It's precisely how we got into this mess to begin with.
There is assistance out there, people who are holding our councils and these unlawful administrative courts masquerading as a magistrates court to account.
Stand up!
@carolinecblackburn we cut back on other things just to get it paid. Now playing catch up on the things we cut back on.
@@jebustank - my mum sold family heirlooms and her mum's jewelry to keep these criminals from taking her home.
The NHS ignored her cancer during lockdowns, the GP diagnosed covid on the end of the telephone and, when she eventually collapsed at home, the NHS attempted to lock her away from friends and family - to protect her!
I broke her out of their prison camp and brought her home to die - all on my own.
So much for the "services" we pay for.
These people are nothing more than criminals, corrupt to the core, complicit in murder while our "legal" profession, the likes of Daniel and his cronies here, earn a killing from the suffering of others and expound the lie that "legislation is law".
The tide is turning.
Their day will come.
It's a public hearing, I've sat in on a few when I've been waiting for my own case to be heard. It is in the councils interests that you do not attend, so always attend and give your reasoning, etc to the judge in open court. You get about 5-10 mins which is normally plenty.
You were misinformed.
It’s a public hearing.
When the Mag says to open court “does anyone object?” you yell “me!!”. They pull yours out then he does it again.
They will then look at your case and the creditor rejects your offer of 20pence a week to pay your £2k debt the Mag will then issue a LO order against YOU.
It’s a criminal offence not to pay a LO.
Turning up without a physical copy of the liability order breaches the Leighton ruling and makes the attempt to enforce unlawful and the bailiff will be liable to being sued by the defendant for damages under Tort for £4000 and if they are notified before the fact then they are not entitled to claim that their actions are reasonable and hence may be also sued for Harassment which now reaches the test that was denied to Leighton
Thank you for covering this. It would be good if you did a video with Banaman on the Council Tax process. Showing the views from both sides and hopefully meeting some where in the middle to iron out the creases.
" ... there is no physical order, this makes the enforcement of such a thing very difficult .. " But according to this video, that is not fraudulent ? Without a physical liability order, turning up and presenting your self ( in this case the bailiff or other agent of the Local authority ) as acting under the lawful instruction of a court ( of which there is no physical manifestation ) then that is misleading ( called a misrepresentation ) if they did it deliberately and dishonestly that would be a fraudulent misrepresentation ...". If the cap fits.
So everyone owing ctax with debt in the hands of bailiffs should keep doors open. Everyone will have claim against them. As there is no court documents.
No it's saying proving a liability order is made is hard without physical proof (which you would normally get via a judgement ie paperwork from the court) a liability order is deemed made as soon as it is uttered by the magistrate in court that is the order... he is just saying proving you have one to then use it is hard without a physical copy.
@@jamesadams3006 "which you would normally get via a judgement ie paperwork from the court"
Right, now ask the question, why can't the Local Authority ( or its agent the bailiff ) provide a liability order ? Probably because no liability order was issued against an individual. The proceedings ( calling it a court is disingenuous. ) do not look at individual cases, they look at a list compiled by the LA, and rubber stamp the whole list. I'm told that frequently, people are told by the local authority that they should not attend ( or do not need to attend ) the court. How can someone defend his or her case if he's not in court? Clearly suggesting that the accused not turn up to court is an attempt to circumvent due process.
I'm I found him saying "nothing changes" a little odd.
As others have stated "show us the evidence" turns out that the bailiff cant so that leaves a bit of a problem🤔
@user-cb8ip8fq8e it's an artifact of the special process designed to reduce the court burden that they do not get one. Regarding your other comment, I'm actually pretty strongly against the council telling people not to come in its a conflict of interest as clearly people not defending or objecting to anything in court is in the councils interest.
So Richard was right what he said then
I'd like to take a step backwards and ask how Council Tax bill calculations can be lawful? Based solely on assumed property values and not on any current valuations.
Time for councils and there taxes to go the way of the dodos
if you submit an foi or dsar to either asking them to prove your obligation i.e. contracts - they cannot provide them.
@kk-qy4sc Because it is a statutory debt, not a contractual one and yes, statutes are lawful, legal and enforceable no matter what it is says on the internet.
@@PA1606X legalese is jargon, and shouldn’t be taken seriously.
@@lewissell8904 Pseudolegalese is jargon for pseudolaw and is designed to ensnare the gullible by the pseudolaw scammers
@@kk-qy4sc North American pseudolaw tries to reduce things to contracts. Taxation is unconnected to the law of contract.
It must also be against the LA, since they were the one's starting the ball rolling.
"alot more difficult' - I'd say it's impossible...and after not being in a position to pay for over a decade; yet owning my own home...I should know. You are welcome for me sending the judgement - I hope the court allow you to use it. I know Mr Leighton; and can ask him directly if you only need his permission/consent.
If the council is signing liability orders in bulk, there is no way they can produce an individual liability order without breaching other peoples privacy. If they do produce a liability order to the court containing a batch of names this is a gdpr breach as the other names on the order are not relevant to the case.
Local government Act 1888 Section 79 subsection 2 . As The " INHABITANT " YOU are exempt from paying any tax on your property . In fact the council is not only liable for all taxes on your property but also liable to pay all your utilities bills . This Act is still very much alive and in tact .
The other thing is that none of the so called liability orders are signed by magistrates because they don't want to be caught committing fraud . It is left for the Clerk , who incidentally has no authority to sign such documents . You are trying very hard to muddy the waters mate but it's to late the cats out of the bag and no matter how you try you can't put it back 😂
Moronic nonsense
I personallay think we are Taxed too much in the U.K, tax for owning a house, tax on wages, tax on fuel, tax on gas and electric the list goes on and I get nothing back for it apart from some crap street lighting with dark spots everywhere around the estate and my bin empty every other week, if I phone the police or use another service the service I get back is shocking for the amount of money taken from me each month........
exactly, were are just tax cash cows for them to screw as much out of as they can for themselves and their mega rich banker/wef masters
Withhold your CT payments until you get answers ask for 3yrs accounts of how the money is being spent!
In the earlier 90s i got behind with my council tax and decided to go to Harrow magistrates Court to try and get some sort of action of maybe a bit more time. I turned up on timeand was asked by a strange man if i was there for council tax and i said yes. He asked for my paperwork and said I could go. I was taken aback and asked about my debt and he said he would look after it. To be honest i don't think there were any judges or other staff there. I can't remember what happened i think they just resent the bill. I remember i could pay not long after so nothing really happened happened but after a few years later i got harassed by Harrow Council for personally upsetting a Harrow Councillor for not treating him like the king he thought he was. Well we all know about Harrow council in 1990's
Can you do a video on inheritance tax and probate.
i know right imagine paying tax on something that's already been paid in full and inherited, such a corrupt system
The emissions check does that only on vehicles you bought or if you lease the vehicle? Can you still make a claim?
Don't forget he works for the system what would you expect him to say
I had a liability order issued against me for a rental property that I owned. It turned out that it was the internal accountant processes they used that were incompatible with the regulations. Stressful isn’t the word, but when I pointed out to them there duty under the regulations to either refund the overpayment on one void period OR use that against future liabilities they said “don’t quote the regulations at me” which was kinda odd since those regulations govern their powers.
Not only did I not owe them any money, they in fact owed me £ 360. After writing giving them 28 days to respond I told them I was off to the LGO and got a refund for the Bristol and Suter debt I’d paid, but the £360 overpayment.
I didn’t dispute whether or not I owed them the £24 they’d gone to court over since it was my managing agents fault that they’d moved office so no court documents came to me, because quite frankly I couldn’t be bothered and I’d missee the boat.
Whether they ever went back to quash the liability order as they promised I have no idea.
"...signed by one of its Revenue Management Officers". That doesn't sound like it had anything to do with a real court then. Sounds like someone impersonating a court Magistrate or Judge, to me. This is an excellent example of why digital signatures are not effective for the general public, there is no traceability.
Nicely linked into your sponsor's plug, may I say.
😂😂😂
You really believe having a wet ink signature would suddenly make it all traceable?
@@Locutus a name can be by investigated. If it doesn’t lead to a person. A corporation can’t make a decision, it has to be a human being.
@@edanguish5564 Yes, but many people's wet ink signatures are just a squiggle, just like their digital signatures.
With wet ink and digital signatures, people usually put their name under the signature, so people know who the letter is from.
@@edanguish5564 Oh, we know the signature of the elusive Allesandro/Alexandra/Sandy/Sandie/Sandi Roveri that appears on all the HMCTS documents linked with demands for council tax. He/she identifies as a Justice of the Peace in the South of England. Up North we have the elusive Benjamin/Ben Woods whose signature adorns the documentation.
Start asking questions my friend, and the system shuts down on you.
We can identify the SIGNATURE on the court Libra documents... the questions remains WHO are they?
If I understand correctly a magistrate is not even required to have any legal.training and is merely a lay-member of the bench who swears an oath. Basically that means that the council pays a member of the public / Council employee to act on their behalf and sign a list (a batch of orders) into existence.
This is further evidence of how corrupt the system is.
www.gov.uk/become-magistrate/can-you-be-a-magistrate
Its all enforceable. Its like a gangster walks into your shop demands payment, you refuse so he sends his boys around( police) drag you out and kick shit of you. , so you pay next time
the home is a domestic dwelling not a commercial premises thus no tax jurisdiction
Not how it works ...
@@user-xj2im1ep3o yes it is, you just dont recognise treason when you see it
Pure sophistry in action.
@@vanessac1721 THE UK IS A COMMON LAW COUNTRY THAT FACILITATES LOW CAPACITY OPT IN LEGAL THAT IS BASED IN OPT IN CONTRACTS , NO ONE CAN FORCE YOU TO SIGN A CONTRACT ?
@@user-mb4uz6lk3l Pseudolaw gibberish
Lately I've heard its County Court only that issues liability orders . And only a court can issue the paperwork not a council. And the matter is civil not criminal
How much does this kind of thing feed into tax protestors and freeman claims? I'm from the US, so I don't know what the tax cranks are like on your end.
North American pseudolaw has spread to England - 'no consent to legislation', 'strawman', 'birth certificate trust', 'Clearfield doctrine', 'Black's Law Dictionary', 'Corporate', 'Common Law', 'Administrative Court', 'joinder' 'contract' etc etc
The stupidity is gaining hold. The refuseniks don't want to be bound by the government, but want to avail themselves of the benefits enabled by said government.
Alas stupidity can easily cross geographical and political boundaries and we've imported it like bourbon and burgers.
@@user-xj2im1ep3o They also claim that the "UCC" (which only exists in the US) gives them rights in the UK, Oz, Canada, etc.
What if there is no name on the council tax bill other than "The Occupier"?? They can't take you to court if there is no name...
Good question !
Correct. They can only continue if you represent your 'legal' name, which is ironic, as it's not to be used as identification according to the birth certificate you hold.
I’ve never seen one without a name.
@@ukinvasion2012no. The birth certificate piece of paper isn’t to be used as ID.
It’s NOT that you can’t use your own name!!
@@MrAndrewFarrow Yet it's odd that when applying for a bank account etc, they ask for your birth certificate as a form of ID. The problem several people have, is they don't know the difference between their real name and their legal name.
This does sound like a abuse of the court system, There are always at least 2 parties involved when something goes to court, and for the courts to remain any semblance of impartiality then both parties must have a voice in the process.
These "Lists" are just a sloppy way to cut corners on the process, from both the council and the magistrates.
To me the process should be that the magistrate should send the council away until they provide the individual paperwork for each case, then the magistrate should sign each one......the current system seems a bit like a blank cheque for the law to be administered how a 3rd party wishes to interpret it.
Sloppy and illegal...big money maker for councils and Government
@@claresullivan6047 Not illegal
@@user-xj2im1ep3o Unlawful
@@claresullivan6047 Same thing
Let's face it.magistrates are basically working for the authorities. Numerous times I've appealed magistrates to win in crown.
So who was the Crown Court judge working for?
Ok ,if you dont pay your council tax, they could possibly remove all services, ie no bin collections, no fire service if you where to have a fire, no police, the list is endless, could you live without these, ? I think not , 😁👍
No mention of the £4000?
Paid by the debt collection agency and awarded to the plaintiff for harassment.
@manchegocheese997 how do you know this?
No, it wasn't. The judge said the conduct did not reach the threshold for harassment. It was merely a breach of the rules in that they didn't have the documents to prove the LO was made.
@BlackBeltBarrister thank you for confirming.
We see you. Establishment.
So if one is a debtor then who’s the creditor ?
Technically the council or tax man. They bill you a full amount at the start of the year and some (not all) offer an all-in-one payment (cheaper in my LA by about 5%) or a monthly payment which (technically) does count as a debt and credit, you've been billed and are paying it off month by month. Same as how a car insurance policy can be considered a debt as you are paying off a yearly amount per month plus a little interest and admin fees.
@@gazza8524
Technically; technical English.
i wrote who is the creditor it’s expressed not implied ,
So technically the debtor is a what and not a who ,
So if it’s a what that owes a debt to a what that’s the creditor , so what is the what their seeking that owes the debtor ?
@@user-bq3og5pz9wit's a case of who is the liable claimant, keep pursuing that one and demand an answer from any of their third party interlopers
@@user-bq3og5pz9wtime for your meds.
I find having a list with names and numbers a being signed with no individual scrutiny, to be very problematic, have all names been properly informed, do they owe the amounts??
My understanding isn’t that Bristol and Sutor had to show a liability order, but they had to provide the resident with evidence they were acting on behalf of the council, the argument being anyone can turn up at an address demanding money. A simple letter from the council would have presumably sufficed.
@BlackBeltBarrister Hi Daniel, unrelated question but hope you might read this... The contract between Land's End and Courtwood Photography has finally ended but I'm very curious, did they really have a legal right to restrict photography there on public land?
That's a really good question. Given that there's no restrictions at John O'Groats, again public land, you'd think the law would be the same but Scottish laws do seem to be better in some areas (Right to Roam, comes to mind).
So it wasn't even the local authority that came to steal possessions, it was as stated at 6:20 a debt collection company.
A business any Joe Bloggs off the street could have started, so how is it a company has legal authority to steal possessions from a private property.
Because they are contracted to collect debts.
Anyone can appoint a debt collector if they’re owed money.
If you loaned money out, £10,000 (e.g.), and someone repaid you £2,000 of that £10,000, what would you do if they refused to pay any more money to you?
Would you just shrug your shoulders and say, oh well, my bad...?
Or would you seek legal action to recover your money? Such as going to court, and seeking a judgement for debt collection?
If you lend money, the person you lend it to must have asked for it.
A contract has been formed, and if you have any sense the loan would have been secured against something, a car, house or whatever.
If it isn't that doesn't give you the right to help yourself to the borrowers possessions.
With council tax It's like your bank giving you a £10,000 bank loan when you didn't ask for it and then threatening to take your possessions if you don't pay it back with interest.@@Locutus
Now my dear@@Locutus - good attempt at strawman argument, thing is if William here wanted to seek a judgement for debt collection, he would file his claim in the County Court and pay a percentage, plus an additional trial fee if the claim is defended - thereby putting a price on justice that is beyond the normal man's remit.
Now let's look at how our agents of parliament assembled go about it; they apply to the Mags. Court, they pay £3 and an additional .50p for the order unlawfully converting a legislated demand for money (with menaces) to a "debt".
Do try to remain focused.
They didn't, that was the outcome of the case.
All these people who supposedly bringing actions against their car's emissions, are they going to backdate and pay the 'correct' amount of VED?
Blackbelt B, it is my understanding that all if not most local council's work as you have explained with these orders mine included. If anyone goes to citizens advice for advice you maybe fooled into signing a DRO which netmums have brought to light on their website. Citizens advice seem to be advising people to just pay up even if it means sitting in a freezing cold extremely damp house with noodles over christmas. I hope you do recieve permission to share more information on this.
'Citizens advice seem to be advising people to just pay ...' the money that is owed. This case exposed a technicalty. It DID NOT say that the debt was null and void.
CAB are tory bootlickers, should be called SCAB
@eattherich9215 Cases have been struck out on technicalities...they need to sort that out at the council...
@@claresullivan6047: yes they have, but this is not one of them. '...they need to sort that out at the council...' No, it needs to be sorted out at the court with the debt collector obtaining a print of the order that is specific to the defendant.
Do you actually know what a DRO is?
Wouldn't it be great if the community made a private bank account and paid into that with every penny of CT and did not give it to the corrupt council pirates. That way, the actual men and women of the village could decide to spend it on real issues and infrastructure.
The emmissions info was a totally unneccessary distraction at the point at which you made it. Next time, leave it until the end.
Courts need to deal with each case, not in bulk. How would they feel if everyone turned up in bulk, would they be allowed in in bulk or heard in bulk? EVERYONE needs to turn up at court. This is part of the problem.
If you turn up at court you are most likely to lose anyway. Courts are just Freemason businesses (spot the symbolism) with the purpose of extracting as much money as possible from ignorant people.
Whilst, I agree the system of enforcement needs to be transparent and legal, I also think people need to pay the Tax they legally owe, whether its council tax individuals or corporate Taxes on multinationals. If as much effort was put into the latter as the former, the system would be much fairer.
Council Tax is a joke, who says the government has the right to charge it in the first place? Oh yes that’s right…. The government. Here in the UK we already pay tax on the money we earn and things we buy. Council Tax needs to be scrapped.
"There is no spoon"...
It's still unbelievable to me that everyone still thinks the enforcement of a pretend liability is lawful. (I didn't say legal, I said lawful)
Of course it’s legal.
The Magistrate issued a Liability Order and the money is owed.
Council Tax is payable under Statute.
@@MrAndrewFarrow I respectfully disagree. Thank you for the reply.
pretending to act under the authority of a judge is fraud
@@MrAndrewFarrowmagistrate courts have no power, only the high court. Civil matters aren’t a criminal offence. To be a criminal offence, there needs to be a victim. A corporation cannot be a victim, because when you are issued the bill for council tax, no living man has put down a signature on that paper, so it cannot be legally responded to.
@@lewissell8904 Pseudolaw gibberish
Rumour has it that the council simply hire the court room privately and process their own paperwork the same way PCN's are processed at the TEC, then they send debt collectors acting as Bailiffs, anyone who has paid bailiff fees should be able to claim a full refund with extortionate debt collectors fees.
Bailiffs have to pay the court costs even if they lose the case so there's no loss to oneself
true story!
@@andriybush3347 I've seen many videos made in courts regarding this and people asking them to say on penalty of perjury that the process is real, I think most legal professionals have known this for years and kept quiet, this could end up being a national payback the same way the bank PPI was
The courts have nothing to do with CT …
Rumour has it = complete nonsense
The rumour is wrong, I have empirical evidence. The venue is indeed a Magistrates' Court, the council rep. pops in during a 10 minute recess and the deed is done. What takes place is an administrative exercise under the direction of the legal advisor, aka Clerk of the Court.
@BBB can you say which council it is ? I am having this issue with mine.
York. The claim was against Bristow and Sutor.
@@carolinecblackburn Thank you.
3 Emissions claims entered by me, all BMW's lets hope!
You speak of magistrates, here. They're employees of the council?
No
Magistrates are officers of the law.
They existed long before county councils …many centuries before .
It is always a good call to ask the Magistrates if they have any interest in the council. We have exposed one who actually contracted to the local council, some may serve or have served as councilors. It's nothing more than an unlawful administrative court and it's about time those who worked for the law, our birthright, stepped up to the mike. You watch, give it another year and they'll be crawling all over the place to specialise in constitutional law. It only takes a corrupted parliament to overstep the mark and piss off the people for constitutional law to make a comeback - ask South Africa!
@@carolinecblackburn The Administrative Court is a specialist court within the King's Bench Division of the High Court of Justice
Many councils have failed to publish their accounts for years, so how can we believe that we are required to make up an unknown shortfall?
They won’t give me proof of how my money is being spent, so that’s very suspicious! Why what are they hiding
So the judge said the order was legal but was pissed of that he has to spend so much time having to determine this when it should have been a lot clearer. Sadly if everyone appeals the same thing will happen but it will take months of legal time and time up the courts for ever.
It's like buying a house and someone forgetting to register it on the land registry. After a legal investigation going through other evidence the house stillbelongs to the new owner but its bloody stupid that the register was never signed as this would have avoided the case
Plenty of properties are not on the land registry, it means nobody can make a lein claim against you, it's beneficial.
It just makes its harder, you may still own the land and be responsible for it even if you aren't on it@@MHLivestreams
So, is there anyone on here that doesn't pay their CT and have won a case in court to not pay it, under the notion it's an unlawful/unfair/stealth tax etc? So many people on a lot of platforms claim to 'beat the system', or 'get out the matrix', but I've not seen any proof of it all. It would be nice to find out!
If there was a really a way to not pay council tax nobody would be doing it. Until the bins start piling up and people realise that public services aren't done by magical fairies for free.
@@jogzyg2036 Not true. No corporation is ever going to admit defeat, so you will never hear any Council claim that they have lost a case. They simply withdraw their complaint and hope it's never made public. There are several ways to force a Council to 'end it's complaint' against you, ie, walk away with nothing, you just have to do your due diligence.
Anyone???
@ukinvasion2012 That doesn't stop the person winning these imaginary legal battles with the council from explaining how they did it, but that never happens does it? Because as it happens they all just turn out to be deluded numpties with bailiffs chasing after them rather than legal geniuses who win an actual case.
These nutters remind me of an episode of family guy (back when it was good) where the town abolishes tax because it's "government theft" but then they realise that there are things that individuals can't buy that need to be paid for by the community at large so they create a compulsory charge to make sure everybody pays a bit for it. All of the anti-tax nut jobs would flip their lids if the bin men stopped going to their house. But they want everybody else to pay for it.
Hi Daniel, I switched off when you started with the 2nd advert for the car thing. 1 short advert at the start is ok, another in the middle is too much.
In Glasgow If you miss 2 consecutive payments your instantly referred to a debt collection agency
do the council pay £150 per liability order which could have 1000 or more names on it then charge each person £150 costs
The cost to the council for a magistrate to sign off the list of names is .50p per name. The council pay £3.00 for each "summons". Now, think of any man or woman who has a legitimate money claim; they have to apply to County Court and pay a percentage of the claim, which puts justice out of reach for many. Special treatment for the agents of parliament assembled. Another very interesting fact is that Magistrates' Courts are "courts of record", only they aren't "courts of record" for legislated demands for money, such as parking or - you guessed it - council tax. Now, if that isn't an open admittance of an unlawful administrative court I don't know what else will convince people they are being robbed blind by a criminally corrupt and murderous parliament assembled.
@@carolinecblackburn
> Now, if that isn't an open admittance of an unlawful administrative court
> I don't know what else will convince people they are being robbed blind
> by a criminally corrupt and murderous parliament assembled.
Great.
If ever you should be on the end of any punishment/sanction/whatever imposed by a Magistrates Court just point all that out to them, and I'm sure they will bow to your superior knowledge and you'll walk away scot free.
So what will happen is in future individuals orders will be issued, raising court costs and as court costs are already added to the liability it will ultimately cost those that don't pay more when they are forced too
"Forced to"
Good old feudal England!
depends on how they decide on costs. Councils around here use the "Other councils have set it to X so we are too", no breakdown of actual costs.
@@melissa-hadfield - FOI the council for their summons costs. The court has a duty to review those costs to ensure they are inline with the Nicolson vs. Haringey common law ruling and represent the costs actually incurred.
Hi total agree with you
1474 persons on that list, and you are saying a magistrate put there name to it ? without fair trial and investigation ? sounds like a miscarriage of justice to me. But its not justice . . .its business right ? The council hires a court for the day (not a court of record or a court that has been passed by parliament) and holds a mock trial without the defendants, all1474 of them, with a council employee pretending to be a judge and signing them off as a bulk case. Total sham.
*How come people pay council tax based on the value of the property they live in which they don't own, it's an unfair tax based on somebody elses wealth, surely liability lies withthe true owner? Your Honour*
Is a blacklist due process ?!
As a US citizen what is a council tax?
A local government tax upon dwellings
@@BlackBeltBarrister so I guess that's the same thing we call property tax. Thank you.
4:00 that segway 🤦♀️
'Segue' . Segway is a transport device. (homophones)
One way to sort out the problem, would be to sign each order individually, then the judge would be earning his money for that day.
Hes lazy...and there goes the loophole
I don't think they would ever put themselves on the line by actually signing it. It's not lawful(from my understanding) may be wrong
there is a good reason "judge" is not signing individual liability orders - please do research on how councils "rent" court rooms from Magistrates and use their "own judges"
Like most laws in this country it would cost you an arm and a leg to find out if an order had been made.
This is the beauty of the Leighton judgement. The onus is upon the claimant to evidence the order.
Hi. Would I be correct in thinking that I am under to law to accept and/or pay council tax as I have never signed an agreement to pay. Also is it true that we the people of England have a right to refuse to pay. Also if my local council is not keeping footpaths clear for pedestrians to walk safely on (bushes not cut so you have to walk on the road to get around them) can we legally take them to court. Many thanks leon
You have to pay everything up front first then seek recourse through the law. They do this knowing only a few will actually do it, and have the capital and resources to do so.
Just accept that conservstives are fascists, their laws fascist and their entire way of looking at the world fascist. It makes it easier to see why they privatise the punishment to ppl like serco, g4s and atos.
Labour are fascists. Do you think for one moment Labour will change it so you have the right of consent?
Where are the for example, the accounts for the socialist welfare state, and in particular how much debt does it have?
@@DJWESG1
@@DJWESG1 it's capita not serco. But then cheeks of the same ass I guess. Even parking permits.
Liebour round here don't empty bins don't clean the streets leaves blocking tbe drains mush all over the pavements blocking roads not repairing the pot holes excuses excuses whilst awarding themselves 100 thousand plus salarys so it suits them fine.
Basically, the UK is broke and running on fumes. The Gov has for many years reduced local council subsidies, to a point where simple stuff, like weeds in the pavements, potholes, overgrown 'flowerbeds' are simply ignored and forgotten. Don't expect any future Lab/Lib/Con Gov changing anything much. No Gov has the balls to tax wealth properly, therby reducing inequality.
I have a Council Tax liability order from Brent Council made more than 6 years ago. I recently received a letter from Brent Council saying they were going to ask my employer to make deductions from my wages. I pointed out that although there is no expiry date for a liability order, the stated debt on it expires after 6 years and as such is not legally enforceable.
I have not heard from Brent since but I found out a few weeks ago my employer is making deductions for a court order.
Sorry mate, the Statute of Limitations does not apply to Liability Orders they are immortal in legal terms. However and this not legal advice as BBB always says, you could and again this only a suggestion make complaint about maladministration if the Council should have known where you where and could have contacted you. If that is unsuccessful go to the Local Government Ombudsman, it is free and civie friendly. But it can only deal with maladministration, so if the Council have been sending letters to the wrong address say and they should have known the correct one, you would have a case. If you ignored the letters then sorry screwed.
I believe the government changed the law a couple of years back, council tax is no longer statute barred. The also mad this law retrospective.
But do look in to it as I had local council have HMRC find myself and my employer (unlawfully) for housing benefit that I hadn't claimed it was a third part fruad.
I researched it a little while back & there was a court judgement supporting this, namely, a Liability Order or a Mag Warrant have unlimited lives, however the debt on them becomes unenforceable after 6 years, ie, becomes statute barred.I would love to know what our dear barrister has to say on this.@@PA1606X
@@jonathangraham9989 Council tax can be statute barred after six years but once a liability order is obtained, there is no limitation to when it can be enforced.
The Council Tax (Administration and Enforcement) Regulations 1992, 34(3):
"Section 127(1) of the Magistrates' Courts Act 1980(1) does not apply to such an application; but no application may be instituted in respect of a sum after the period of six years beginning with the day on which it became due under Part V."
www.legislation.gov.uk/uksi/1992/613/regulation/34/made
My council claim its a bill but in legislation it is a demand. how can that change over to a debt? on whos authority? who has that authority over me? that would make me a slave would it not?
No, being a slave is not the same as being taxed
Slavery is being forced to work for free. Paying your taxes so local infrastructure can be maintained isn't the same
Are council tax demands lawful?
Yes
Acts are not laws so are these demands not criminal fraud in the absence of a formal and legal agreement? We have not consented to this and corporations cannot just send out demands for payment as they see fit.
@@mickangel3945 Acts of Parliament are primary legislation. They are obviously laws.
@@user-xj2im1ep3o which require consent of the governed
@@user-xj2im1ep3o - Our constitutional statutes clearly define a difference.
I knew this it has never happened to me.
I was watching some true crime videos and noticed the Crown Court cases were titled 'Regina v. ..." What are they now that King Charles in on the throne?
Rex
@@user-xj2im1ep3o Thank you kindly!
@@user-xj2im1ep3oMate if you have to explain that it is time to give up.
I viewed this a few days ago on another channel, where this was put forward in the light that, good news, people owing council tax could now avoid payments! Indeed, BBB was mentioned in the comments therein. THIS BBB review, in my opinion, is far more sensible and balanced. In the other case, I did comment for the need for caution (take legal advice), but of course, that’s not what was wanted!
Is anyone offered the opportunity to rebutt the imposition of the alleged liability order, as with most statute offences a 😊reasonable cause is an acceptable cause.
Can I see the evidence that the Act or Statute applies to me please......... This court does not require that evidence. Hmmmm.
Blackbeltbarrister can I just ask, I've noticed your explanations of the law you talk about, isn't Common law, my question is, if like myself, your viewers want to know their rights under common laws, why do you only explain in government laws? Doesn't this prevent the answers people are actually looking for?
This very video is an examination of a judicial ruling and can therefore be described as common law. On a more general level, much common law has been codified by statute.
Common law = common to judges (not peasants) , this is a common law (ie judge) ruling. Common law is basically elite judge law, while laws passed by the House of Commons (and Lords) is not common law but legislation. While the terminology is confusing what isn't confusing is Parliament is god, it can pass laws on anything without any restriction
@@jons9721 Common law = the law that is common to all English courts
Judgement by judge is common law, all laws are common to English courts regardless of whether they came from a judge or parliament. But basically 'common' law is effectively the least democratic law as its basically created by a single person the judge. That doesn't make it a bad thing as professional elitism is often a lot better than band standing politicians. @@user-xj2im1ep3o
@@jons9721 I agree, but was explaining the origin of the term 'common law'.
Cant you just hit and Bailiff with a notice of harassment,? They cant contact you as thats harrassment ,? Then there get another bailiff and you just do the same, ? No ?
In other words; the Magistrate issued a valid Liability Order because he said he did and banged his gavel.
The only issue is proving that he did that.
Once that is established it’s back to Square One; the LO exists and debt collectors or bailiffs may collect if they have paperwork!
No change.
Exactly
So how will they prove it, and what evidence will they show the alleged debter
@@ShropshireFox the Liability Order EXISTS. The Magistrate decided so.
It’s just a matter of evidence now.
If the creditor doesn’t pay, he’s committed an offence.
The lack of evidence will be irrelevant at the trial.
The debt existed.
@@BlackBeltBarrister So let me get this right , So if a court is a court of records and all things that are discussed in said court are not recorded WTF is it then ???
It is fraud Exactly !!! Oh smug one !
@@MrAndrewFarrow You are still talking
DRIVEL !!!
let's see a copy of it.
Tax is legalized theft. No one has the right to levy tax on your efforts and property. Minimal tax levels necessary to maintain government (whose only purpose is to protect the rights, liberties and properties of the individual against domestic and foreign aggression), should be levied on consumer transactions.
This is a classic case of rowing back from a previous position. th-cam.com/video/Wp-njo9p8zs/w-d-xo.html
@2.49 how exactly is it "an order of the court" when the CTAER 1992 states at 35. (3) "it is not to be treated as a sum adjudged to be paid by order of the court."?
Because while it is an order made by the court, the amount is determined by the local authority
@@BlackBeltBarrister - Oh! That's okay then, so the court is "ordering" you to pay any old amount set by the council, they haven't applied their mind to that bit at all. That sounds ever so lawful! It may explain the discrepancies we''ve discovered between the court register and the council's demands. Nothing corrupt going on here - move along!
@@BlackBeltBarrister - and that certainly isn't the case with the costs of the summons, which should be reviewed and approved by the Justices of the Peace - refer to Nicolson vs. Haringey.
I love reading the comments you post....Are you a solicitor?
Selective quoting: "(3) The amount in respect of which a liability order is made is enforceable in accordance with this Part; and accordingly for the purposes of any of the provisions of Part III of the Magistrates' Courts Act 1980 (satisfaction and enforcement) it is not to be treated as a sum adjudged to be paid by order of the court."
It's not a sum adjudged to be paid by order of the court for the purposes of the Magistrates Court Act, Part III, instead it is a sum adjudged to be paid by order of the court and enforced under The Council Tax (Administration and Enforcement) Regulations 1992, Part VI.
i'd like to know how to press a LA for a refund if they don't collect your bins for 8 weeks
Do you want a full refund for the full year that you’ve probably not paid for anyway?
Some of these comments the best one i think is the council hire the court like you hire a hall for a party. I work in the court system and I laugh reading these commenrs.
I’m trying to understand the issue, so please help. I am told the initial summons is not issued by a court but by a local council. (Who indeed had rooms in the court building). Someone I met recently wrote to the court and was advised there are no record of the case or summons. Is this possible? Thanks
@@tomhinton8891 these hearings are heard in what they call Non-CPS courts which hear all Civil Matters that magistrates deal with from Probation Breaches through to littering, RSPCA and others. The council send in a list of names that is true then the council will explain how they publish the council tax details and then when the magistrates are happy it's then sent back to the council to say the court is satisfied to action the orders. A record is normally kept with the case when it's heard. The court system isn't great, if you can get the URN number from the council you can get the court to cross reference it.
Well enlighten us on the process?
Does anyone know @BlackBeltBarrister if it is normal to be searched on your way into a police station for a voluntary interview? They insisted it was normal but then didn't search my bags or anything. I didn't see them search anyone else and it was a horrible search as she also patted over my breasts which made me want to puke, tbh. 😔
Question. Prince Harry has changed his residency to USA now, I think he back dated it to when The King took back Frogmore Cottage. My question is what would happen if he refused to pay his costs on the court cases he's lost, owing costs to the UK Gov. Him residing now in the USA. Would the UK have to take him to court in the USA if he did refuse ? Hope it's not a stupid comment.
So how does it stand when the councils declare bankruptcy and by law should stop trading. There by still claiming council tax payment's.
They don't declare bankruptcy, they're not trading and corporate insolvency law doesn't apply to councils and, even if it did, debts due to insolvent companies remain payable.
So for the purposes of the bill of rights act 1688/9.is the liability order a Conviction? Bearing in mind no fines or forfeiture nor threats of same can be lawful without a Conviction. When I looked into this it appeared a liability order was simply an acknowledgement that monies were owed..remember no hearing where evidence was tested has yet occurred 😮 ??
Being made to pay tax owed isn't a fine. (And the Bill of Rights isn't embedded law)
@user-xj2im1ep3o firstly this is not a 'tax' ..and the bill most certainly is...
@@jayturner3397 It's a property tax.
@willgoodfellow it's supposed to be a way for councils to pay for services, replacing the old Rates that only owners and businesses paid previously
The Soc Cit trolls are queueing up to tweak the algo in your favour on this one.
Keep educating them. If you save just one of them from the misery of self-deception, it'll be a job well done.
You have fans too. We wish you a Happy New Year. 🍻
Haven’t you got a booster jab to get?
@@lewissell8904 I keep up to date just in case you and I ever bump into each other. I wouldn't want to catch anything... nor give anything to you.
@@lindsayheyes925 course you do, sheep always follow. Do you do everything the television tells you to do?
@@lewissell8904 No. I studied epidemiology in the late '70s and have kept up with the science over decades. And having read Eysenck's "Psychology of Persuasion" in the '60s because I wanted to understand how people had been recruited for The Holocaust and as spies for the USSR (then hot topics), I have kept up with the development of propaganda and social engineering too.
Work in The City required me to verify journalists' sources, and I studied Statistics for work. In the naughties, I studied used Humanities, and later History of Mathematics, using primary sources. More recently, I've followed the development of OSINT with interest.
So, with five decades of sorting the wheat from the chaff behind me, I can usually see when people try to pull the wool over my eyes, and thus make informed decisions for myself - precisely so that I do not end up blindly following herds or hoards.
And having studied navigation too, I can tell you that when you see a lighthouse, it is better to heed it than disbelieve it. The BlackBeltBarrister shines light on the law, but you chart your own course... if you have a chart.
No debt collection agency can force their way into your home it is a civil matter, lawfully or legally. unless with your consent . Look into what passes as consent. this country is so corrupt
Because an issue is a civil matter doesn't mean that bailiffs can't force entry. However, bailiffs can't force entry to a domestic property on the basis of a liability order but they can take vehicles owned, with few exceptions, and they can make peaceful entry to take goods whether or not you consent.
Before I started watching BBB, I found uk legislation website and used it in disputes with energy company and local council.
I'd leave you all to it if was the Barrister, he's the one who's qualified, not armchair, social media experts.
If you want the facts on what's what look it up yourself in legislation.
You must be pretty naive to think the law doesn't have parts to benefit the government and marginalise everyday people.
I don't want to steal anyone else's glory but BBB has been trained in Law - the very thing that most people are complaining about !! Which might mean that he is potentially on the side we might be trying to expose. Just a thought. Funnily enough his descriptions on Council Tax and Liability Orders seem to be getting shorter and shorter in length - maybe he has realised he may be skating in very thin ice. Just a few thoughts.
Interesting....... does this mean you will be giving Richard Vobes an apology?
No, why? It doesn't change what I have already said. In fact, my prediction was 100% correct (i.e. they didn't have the correct paperwork)
It's your turn to apologise.....
😂😂😂😂
Its quite simple ! These turds that went to Law school dont want to admit they have been exposed for little lying feckers that they are !
@@BlackBeltBarrister And who did the paperwork ????? Fraudster
Hello,I’m here to scare you and tell you to pay and never challenge or ask questions.
More fool you then
Moronic
You are a Barrister of England & Wales. Not necessarily relevant to today’s talk.
What I find strange is that you did not study English Constitutional Common Law to obtain your Law Degree.
A barrister cannot help but study common law, since our legal system was founded on judges' decisions (albeit increasingly augmented by statute).
@@user-xj2im1ep3o They do not study English Constitution Common Law it was removed from Law Degrees. Further The British State has subverted same. Worthy of note is that the 2 most serious Common Law crimes are Murder & Treason. Blair tried to remove Treason, but failed. All crimes that could be committed by the State have been removed from the recent editions of Bkackstones Police Operational Handbook. I can go in and on. British Barristers!
@@EnglishVeteran There never was a subject entitled 'English Constitutional Common law'. Most law degrees will involve the study of constitutional and administrative law.
@@user-xj2im1ep3o That studied English Constitutional Law! It was removed during the Blair era. But Independence is coming!
@@EnglishVeteran No, each university sets its own syllabus, and constitutional law remains a core componant. Just google a few universities' law courses, and note that constitutional law is invariably a 'module' of the course
I was sent to jail for 50 days for being unable to pay my council tax. This was in 2014.
You should haven’t communicated with them! They have nothing unless you consent
And yet these idiots still claim that no one has ever been imprisoned for failing to pay council tax.
@@larrajohnson881 it doesn't quite work like that in reality. And it wasn't that I didn't consent, I didn't have it to pay.
So they kidnapped you and took you to court and dragged you into prison?
@@larrajohnson881 grow up
the uk isnt a legal country , its a lawful common law country that allows low capacity opt in universal commercial code , act statutes codes regulation
This is pseudolaw gibberish
@@user-xj2im1ep3o is the uk a common law country for thousands of years ?
@@user-mb4uz6lk3lCommon law dates back to the time when Henry II was sovereign; it was established through the rulings of his judges.
@@user-xj2im1ep3o err hello ! anyone at home ? 1066 william the conqueror brought existing common laws together under a national banner , thus they already existed ?
@@user-mb4uz6lk3l You are now spouting pseudohistory