I think everyone interested in spectroscopy should see this video once. It is simple, clear and gives an overall understanding of the NMR experiment. It's so unfair that it has not the right visibility.
Worth pointing out: The pulse is not directed along right angles, it is in fact directed axially along B0, but the radio waves are circularily polarized, so the B1 field in the radio wave is actually spinning in the xy plane. It's the B1 field that is at right angles, but constantly spinning at the Larmor frequency (omega0) of the protons. This B1 spinning field forces the nuclei to gain an additional preccesion motion around itself, at a rate of omega1 (omega1 = gamma * B1) and the overall magnetization is then manipulated as we please.
This was incredible explained. I try to keep an eye on the effectiveness of visuals I come across in my educational experience and I must say this is up there with the greats. You have definitely thought about this video and it paid off. Thank you very much!
1:54 - does this pulse have to be mached exactly to rotate the nuclei? Is it possible that in a given molecule some atoms that are strongly shielded / deshielded would be too far of the tune to be rotated by that RF pulse? Or simply the pulse contains a spectrum of frequencies and all nuclei will find matching tune to rotate?
I'm not sure individual spins actually behave like shown at 2:01, they can only precess along the Z azis, the incoming radiation simply flips them from +1/2 to -1/2 and induces some coherence between their precessions, the following decays of the precessional coherence (T2) and the decay of the non-equillibrium population of -1/2 oriented spins (T1) together give rise to the collective FID behaviour of the global magnetization vector. As i understood it, it's only the global M vector that has this "classical" decay evolution that we detect as a FID signal, the vertical component of the magnetization being purely a result of the populations of +1/2 and -1/2 orientations, and the x-y component evolution of the M vector being the desyncronization of precession of the entire population of spins.
This is also how I understand it. It would be responsible if the creator made a note in the description that the animation of the spin state transitions as continuous is not representative of the salient quantum-mechanical model required to predict MRI phenomena.
Hi Adriaan, thanks for your input and absolutely correct. My intention with the video was to create a visualization of the decay of -1/2 spins in T1 to give the observed FID behavior. I urge the viewers to delve more deeply into the mathematics and quantum theory behind NMR. I will take your advice and add a comments to the description. Thanks for subscribing!
A neighboring proton has to be within three bonds to cause spin-spin coupling (also known as J coupling). For more about coupling and multiplicities, see NMR spectroscopy 2. th-cam.com/video/DPK8hzxed1o/w-d-xo.html
Very well made! The professors should use this video clip to introduce NMR. It will be much easier for the students to understand. Hopefully, there will be more visual teaching materials like this one in this channel and more professors and students can find these clips here. Thanks for making this video!
Could you possibly explain why the deshielded proton has a higher frequency than the shielded one, but its Fourier transform peak is at a lower frequency than that of the shielded one? Many thanks.
Hi David, Thanks for your question. You're completely right: it seems wrong. The peaks to the left are actually higher frequency than those on the right. The X-axis in ppm goes UP as you go to the left and DOWN to zero as you go to the right. I know, this seems wrong and is in conflict with any other graph that you have seen. The X-axis of the NMR spectrum is expressed in ppm (parts per million). The chemical shift (the resonance frequency of a nucleus) is defined as the resonance frequency minus (the frequency of the instrument) divided by (the frequency of the instrument) times 1 million. Please see this reference: chem.libretexts.org/Courses/Western_Washington_University/Biophysical_Chemistry_(Smirnov_and_McCarty)/05%3A_Nuclear_Magnetic_Resonance_(NMR)_Spectroscopy_-_Introduction/5.03%3A_Chemical_shift_in_units_of_Hz_and_ppm
This video is very useful. But there is a mistake 5:38 - in case of neighbors present the splitting will occur, but the Hydrogen atoms are considered to be neighboring only in case of being attached to the other atom, and not the one that the original Hydrogen atom is. That means that in first case, we do have splitting by 2 peaks, the second case is a wrong example, and in the third case the peak will split in 3 peaks, making one of them much bigger than 2 others because of the overlapping. Again, the Hydrogen atom attached to the same Carbon atom being under investigation is NOT being taken into account as a neighboring Hydrogen atom.
Hi Vladislav, thanks for watching the video and leaving the comment. In many instances, what you said is true. For example, in the case of ethanol, the methyl protons have the same chemical shift and they will not split each other. The methyl will show up as a triplet because they are adjacent to the two protons on the neighboring carbon. This is called vicinal coupling. Coupling of two protons on a single carbon is called geminal coupling. Geminal coupling is observed when the two protons are diastereotopic. See for example Fig 21 in this article: www.orgchemboulder.com/Spectroscopy/nmrtheory/splitting.shtml. You will often find this situation in cyclic systems where the two protons bonded to one of the ring carbons are in distinct chemical space because of the other substituents on the ring. But you can see geminal coupling in acyclic systems too, where the geminal protons are adjacent to a chiral center. In this case, not matter how you rotate the C-C bonds, the two geminal protons are never in the same environment. The two protons will have different chemical shifts and will split each other. Clearly this video did not go into that level of detail...maybe in the next one?
Could anyone help out? The powerpoint of my spectroscopy course mentions that the RF pulse is meant to perturb the equilibrium magnetization to set the nuclei into precession. My understanding however is that the RF pulse is meant to flip the already-precessing nuclei and not induce the precession itself?
Hi JeyDean, one of the possible sources of confusion is that it depends whether you are considering a single atomic nucleus or the average of a multitude of nuclei. If you consider a single nucleus, it will definitely have a spin when place in a magnetic field. It will precess at its own Larmor frequency. But if you think about an average many nuclei, then the average magnetization vector will be aligned with the magnetic field because all the precessions cancel out. THEN when you apply a pulse to the average, the vector will flip down, and all the nuclei will re-align with the magnet at their own rate and precessing at a different frequency.
Thanks a lot to the channel members. A perfect ever explanation given for NMR. All the deep concepts shown perfectly. Please make more videos on Mass spectrometry, Chromatographies and more spectroscopies. This video is very useful. Thanks.
@Mieux Thanks very much. Yes, the voice over is poor, and I have improved since that time. The thing is that you can't replace the audio only. I would have to delete the video and re-post a new video. Thus, the stats and the links to the original would be gone. Is it worth it?
Hi Amatista, you can show the video to anyone at anytime from TH-cam.com You can also download videos from TH-cam to your machine, but you have to comply with the copyright rules. Here are various ways to download videos: clipchamp.com/en/blog/download-youtube-videos/#:~:text=If%20you're%20wondering%2C%20%E2%80%9C,you%20in%20murky%20legal%20waters.
Hey! I was really confused about the spinning alignment of the nucleus in the presence and in the absence of B. Ur video gave me a good clarity about that Thank you so much 😃
Interesting, so it's H which is measured really in aim to identify C and other connected atoms, am I right? Because, I saw few documentation about its application in energy exploration like with oi, they measure H to identify and quantize the fluids in earth formation matrix.
Hi Avinash, thanks for your question. Nuclear spin is an intrinsic property and does not depend on an external magnetic field. When placed in a magnetic field, the proton will start to precess about its central axis. The macroscopic analogy to this is a spinning top. A top can be made to spin on its central axis. The application of an external force (in this case gravity) will exert a force of the spinning top which will cause it to precess. A proton behaves like a bar magnet. When placed in a magnetic field it will feel the applied force and start to precess. The precessioin frequency is nu, where nu = the gyromagnetic ratio X the magnetic field strength.
Sir here in Larmor frequency relation, whether the frequency 'v' in the LHS is the frequency of the emitted radio frequency by the protons, after the passing of RF waves is stopped or else anything????? Please anyone kindly say....
The Larmor frequency is the precession frequency (not a radio frequency) of the protons oscillating in the magnetic field. The excitation of the protons comes from a short Rf pulse. The frequency of the pulse is centered at the middle of the NMR spectrum. A short pulse at a carrier frequency contains a range of frequencies centered about the carrier frequency. The bandwidth is inversely proportional to the pulse duration. This may be helpful: en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nuclear_magnetic_resonance#Precession_of_the_spin_magnetization
Thank you so much sir for making this very informative video it helped me a lot. This video is itself equivalent to 20 to 25 pages of many books at a time
Oh man... I am currently studying the NMR part for my thesis defense and was studying it through two recent papers... However, it is very hard to understand without a visual representation. Your animations pointed my in the correct direction!
Isn´t there a mistake at 5:40 ?? it should be still triplet, the Hc changes the intensity of the peak if its added up to the same carbon as Ha, but for quintet the Hc should be on the same carbon as Hb and Hd. EDIT: He says it right, but the vid doesnt fit
Thanks for your comments and astute observations. That section was trying to describe the N+1 rule, but the shapes of the peaks in the animation are not quite right. Ha will be split by Hc if they are diastereotopic protons. This is an example of geminal coupling. So the example of 5:37 would probably look like a doubled doublet instead of a triplet and the example at 5:40 would be a multiplet. NMR SPECTROSCOPY TWO goes into a lot more detail about spin-spin coupling including geminal coupling and the N+1 rule. Check it out: th-cam.com/video/DPK8hzxed1o/w-d-xo.html
Hi Majdolean, I can only scratch the surface here. Spin-spin relaxation is dependent on the chemical environment surrounding the protons. MRI imaging takes advantage of the spin spin relaxation time T1 to differentiate between different tissues. I would recommend the wikipedia entry as a good starting place. en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spin%E2%80%93spin_relaxation
The best fundamental NMR video I have ever seen.Everyone can very easily understand what is going there🤩🤩🤩 Thank you very much❤️
Thank you so much, Suranga. Very kind of you. Be sure to check out ScienceSketch NMR spectroscopy two.
👍 x
Best ever video of NMR Spectroscopy
Thank you very much, Ankita.
One of the best videos I've watched on NMR! Thanks a lot for the great explanation.
Thank you very much!
Vfhnmd
I think everyone interested in spectroscopy should see this video once. It is simple, clear and gives an overall understanding of the NMR experiment.
It's so unfair that it has not the right visibility.
Thank you very much, Giuseppe. I hope that the video will get more views and help more students of spectroscopy.
Worth pointing out:
The pulse is not directed along right angles, it is in fact directed axially along B0, but the radio waves are circularily polarized, so the B1 field in the radio wave is actually spinning in the xy plane. It's the B1 field that is at right angles, but constantly spinning at the Larmor frequency (omega0) of the protons.
This B1 spinning field forces the nuclei to gain an additional preccesion motion around itself, at a rate of omega1 (omega1 = gamma * B1) and the overall magnetization is then manipulated as we please.
Hi Alexandru, Thanks for your refinement and further explanation. Much appreciated!
I read books, I read online articles, I read wikipedia to fully understand NMR --> but this video IS IT. THANSK A LOT. Amazing video.
Thanks, David. I really appreciate your kind words.
This was incredible explained. I try to keep an eye on the effectiveness of visuals I come across in my educational experience and I must say this is up there with the greats.
You have definitely thought about this video and it paid off. Thank you very much!
I am glad to hear that it was helpful. Thanks for watching!
I have little knowledge of chemistry and I understood enough that I now have some idea of how NMR spectroscopy works. In under 7 minutes. Fantastic.
The clearest explanation of the NMR experiment!
The best animated NMR video in YT. Thankyou and keep making such videos.
1:54 - does this pulse have to be mached exactly to rotate the nuclei?
Is it possible that in a given molecule some atoms that are strongly shielded / deshielded would be too far of the tune to be rotated by that RF pulse?
Or simply the pulse contains a spectrum of frequencies and all nuclei will find matching tune to rotate?
Thanks for your question. You answered it in the last sentence. The short Rf pulse has a spectrum of frequencies and will excite all the nuclei.
I'm not sure individual spins actually behave like shown at 2:01, they can only precess along the Z azis, the incoming radiation simply flips them from +1/2 to -1/2 and induces some coherence between their precessions, the following decays of the precessional coherence (T2) and the decay of the non-equillibrium population of -1/2 oriented spins (T1) together give rise to the collective FID behaviour of the global magnetization vector.
As i understood it, it's only the global M vector that has this "classical" decay evolution that we detect as a FID signal, the vertical component of the magnetization being purely a result of the populations of +1/2 and -1/2 orientations, and the x-y component evolution of the M vector being the desyncronization of precession of the entire population of spins.
Thank you for your thoughtful comments.
This is also how I understand it. It would be responsible if the creator made a note in the description that the animation of the spin state transitions as continuous is not representative of the salient quantum-mechanical model required to predict MRI phenomena.
Hi Adriaan, thanks for your input and absolutely correct. My intention with the video was to create a visualization of the decay of -1/2 spins in T1 to give the observed FID behavior. I urge the viewers to delve more deeply into the mathematics and quantum theory behind NMR. I will take your advice and add a comments to the description. Thanks for subscribing!
This is great. I was introduced to NMR 30 years ago and could interpret spectra well enough, but I never understood what was happening until now.
Oh, if you don‘t mind answering, what is/was your job?
@@gabrielle9191 I'm a scientist still, but I hadn't thought about NMR since graduating, until last year when I suddenly needed to know about it again.
There could not be any better vedio than this for NMR. Thank you for making it..
This is much better than the other video I watched on youtube explaining NMR!
best video I seen so far explaining NMR concept .. Thank you very much
Thank you very much for your kind comments!
This helped so much. Visualization was awesome. Very clear and informative description all packed into 6 minutes
Best explanation on TH-cam
5:01 How do we know which protons are close enough so as to raise the multiplicity?
A neighboring proton has to be within three bonds to cause spin-spin coupling (also known as J coupling). For more about coupling and multiplicities, see NMR spectroscopy 2. th-cam.com/video/DPK8hzxed1o/w-d-xo.html
Very well made! The professors should use this video clip to introduce NMR. It will be much easier for the students to understand. Hopefully, there will be more visual teaching materials like this one in this channel and more professors and students can find these clips here.
Thanks for making this video!
agradecido de poder tener este tipo de videos tan informativos detallados y gráficos, gracias
Estoy agradecido por sus generosos comentarios.
Great Video! Looking forward to further video from your end!
Thank you, Mazdak. Please check out NMR Spectroscopy two
th-cam.com/video/DPK8hzxed1o/w-d-xo.html
If there was a video like this for every chemistry subject, I would be a flawless scholar.
Thanks for this!
The best presentation I had ever seen
That was amazing. Perfectly explained and visualized!
Thanks a lot, Freyshen!
Seh ich genau so!
Best explanation I've seen on TH-cam! Nice work, thank you so much!
Fantastic demonstration of NMR. Really appreciate your neat work providing such educational content.
Best video which clear all concepts
This is amazing and finally makes more sense.
Could you possibly explain why the deshielded proton has a higher frequency than the shielded one, but its Fourier transform peak is at a lower frequency than that of the shielded one? Many thanks.
Hi David, Thanks for your question. You're completely right: it seems wrong. The peaks to the left are actually higher frequency than those on the right. The X-axis in ppm goes UP as you go to the left and DOWN to zero as you go to the right. I know, this seems wrong and is in conflict with any other graph that you have seen. The X-axis of the NMR spectrum is expressed in ppm (parts per million). The chemical shift (the resonance frequency of a nucleus) is defined as the resonance frequency minus (the frequency of the instrument) divided by (the frequency of the instrument) times 1 million. Please see this reference:
chem.libretexts.org/Courses/Western_Washington_University/Biophysical_Chemistry_(Smirnov_and_McCarty)/05%3A_Nuclear_Magnetic_Resonance_(NMR)_Spectroscopy_-_Introduction/5.03%3A_Chemical_shift_in_units_of_Hz_and_ppm
@@ScienceSketch That makes sense, many thanks for your detailed explanation (and for the videos).
Thank you so much! The video that makes me understand the topic the most so far🥰. I can't express how much I feel grateful for this🤩!
Great video. This helps a lot. Should be shown before teaching an NMR unit.
This is the best video on NMR spectroscopy. Thank you, i'm really grateful.
Wow, thanks very much for your kindness. Please check out NMR spectroscopy two!
How a xy magnetisation is possible if 1/2 spin can occupy only parallel or antiparallel orientation to the magnetic field B0 ?
best video i have ever seen to explain the theory,good job
Thank you very much. I like your channel!
Extremely good explained,
Such a thorough and clearly explained video. Thank you so much.
Thanks a lot. Very clear.
Best video on NMR 👍
Well done 💯👏👍
Thanks a lot!
Concise and Complete.great explanation.
Thank you very much, Thanos! I appreciate your support and encouragement.
Thanks for video. If no pulse is applied, won't the protons rotating in the magnetic field emit any frequency?
Hi Ahmet, to emit a frequency the protons have to be excited by the pulse and then relax back to their equilibrium state.
@@ScienceSketch thanks a lot.
All right. what type of pulse signal is mentioned? sine on square wave?
There can be various kinds of Rf pulse signal, but for the most basic NMR experiment, as is described in this video, it is a short square wave pulse.
Amazing! I see bright future for this channel.
Awesome visualization of complex phenomena!
how I admire you, this is so pedagogical! thanks a lot
Great visualization! Many thanks!
Really good explanation!
That. Was. Amazing. Thank you. They did not teach me half of that in organic chemistry and I have always had questions to how this actually works.
I studied the material and he put everything in perspective visually and great way of explaining everything. Great video !!!
Glad you enjoyed it!
Excellent explanation! Thank you so much!
That's a Fantastic Visuals!
Thanks very much.
Amazing animation and explanation, thanks!
Love the visual explanation! 😊
This video is very useful. But there is a mistake 5:38 - in case of neighbors present the splitting will occur, but the Hydrogen atoms are considered to be neighboring only in case of being attached to the other atom, and not the one that the original Hydrogen atom is. That means that in first case, we do have splitting by 2 peaks, the second case is a wrong example, and in the third case the peak will split in 3 peaks, making one of them much bigger than 2 others because of the overlapping. Again, the Hydrogen atom attached to the same Carbon atom being under investigation is NOT being taken into account as a neighboring Hydrogen atom.
Hi Vladislav, thanks for watching the video and leaving the comment. In many instances, what you said is true. For example, in the case of ethanol, the methyl protons have the same chemical shift and they will not split each other. The methyl will show up as a triplet because they are adjacent to the two protons on the neighboring carbon. This is called vicinal coupling. Coupling of two protons on a single carbon is called geminal coupling. Geminal coupling is observed when the two protons are diastereotopic. See for example Fig 21 in this article: www.orgchemboulder.com/Spectroscopy/nmrtheory/splitting.shtml. You will often find this situation in cyclic systems where the two protons bonded to one of the ring carbons are in distinct chemical space because of the other substituents on the ring. But you can see geminal coupling in acyclic systems too, where the geminal protons are adjacent to a chiral center. In this case, not matter how you rotate the C-C bonds, the two geminal protons are never in the same environment. The two protons will have different chemical shifts and will split each other. Clearly this video did not go into that level of detail...maybe in the next one?
@@ScienceSketch Thank you for your reply! This gives more knowledge to me. I am waiting for your next video. Have a nice day!
Incredibly well explained in a short video. Thank you so much!
Could anyone help out? The powerpoint of my spectroscopy course mentions that the RF pulse is meant to perturb the equilibrium magnetization to set the nuclei into precession. My understanding however is that the RF pulse is meant to flip the already-precessing nuclei and not induce the precession itself?
Hi JeyDean, one of the possible sources of confusion is that it depends whether you are considering a single atomic nucleus or the average of a multitude of nuclei. If you consider a single nucleus, it will definitely have a spin when place in a magnetic field. It will precess at its own Larmor frequency. But if you think about an average many nuclei, then the average magnetization vector will be aligned with the magnetic field because all the precessions cancel out. THEN when you apply a pulse to the average, the vector will flip down, and all the nuclei will re-align with the magnet at their own rate and precessing at a different frequency.
Thanks a lot to the channel members. A perfect ever explanation given for NMR. All the deep concepts shown perfectly. Please make more videos on Mass spectrometry, Chromatographies and more spectroscopies.
This video is very useful. Thanks.
You did really excellent describing this!
Wonderfully explained; thank you.
this video is literally so amazing and make my life so much easier
amazing vedio
Great video! Would you consider re-mastering your sound. It's sounds hollow and loud.
Thanks, Good job!
@Mieux Thanks very much. Yes, the voice over is poor, and I have improved since that time. The thing is that you can't replace the audio only. I would have to delete the video and re-post a new video. Thus, the stats and the links to the original would be gone. Is it worth it?
preparing for the school olymp and finally found this video, tysm
this explanation is awesome! thanks
Incredible explanation! The best I 've found so far! Thank you!
thank you very much. Best video about that topic so far!
Amazing! Thank you for dedicating the time to this! The visual adds so much to the intuition
Glad it was helpful!
Brilliant explanation
is there somewere from where i can borrow the animations?
Hi Amatista, you can show the video to anyone at anytime from TH-cam.com You can also download videos from TH-cam to your machine, but you have to comply with the copyright rules. Here are various ways to download videos:
clipchamp.com/en/blog/download-youtube-videos/#:~:text=If%20you're%20wondering%2C%20%E2%80%9C,you%20in%20murky%20legal%20waters.
@@ScienceSketch omg thank u!
very clear video on NMR spectroscopy i found
Thank you so much
Hey!
I was really confused about the spinning alignment of the nucleus in the presence and in the absence of B. Ur video gave me a good clarity about that
Thank you so much 😃
Interesting, so it's H which is measured really in aim to identify C and other connected atoms, am I right? Because, I saw few documentation about its application in energy exploration like with oi, they measure H to identify and quantize the fluids in earth formation matrix.
ngl, this video goes hard. excellent explanation, amazing visual to go along with it. wish my professors had shown me this along with their lectures!
The animations really helped! Thanks for explaining
Thanks for the introduction to NMR and the direction to head after the video.
thank you so much sir for your amazing video, you explained much better than professor does.
Fantastic video and thanks a lot.
Best vedio for NMR
Amazing visualisation, very well done! 👍
Thank you very much, Ekaterina. Be sure to check out NMR Spectroscopy 2.
Beautifully explained. loved the explanation!!!
Thank you very much, Abhishek.
There is so much info here, thank you!
Awesome visual explanation, well done and thank you!
That was extremely helpful and visual. Thank you!
admirable
Why do the nuclei spin in a strong magnetic field?
Hi Avinash, thanks for your question. Nuclear spin is an intrinsic property and does not depend on an external magnetic field. When placed in a magnetic field, the proton will start to precess about its central axis. The macroscopic analogy to this is a spinning top. A top can be made to spin on its central axis. The application of an external force (in this case gravity) will exert a force of the spinning top which will cause it to precess. A proton behaves like a bar magnet. When placed in a magnetic field it will feel the applied force and start to precess. The precessioin frequency is nu, where nu = the gyromagnetic ratio X the magnetic field strength.
Thank you for that perfect video!
Simply spectacular
Best video to grab the concept
Thanks for watching, Gowri!
Sir here in Larmor frequency relation, whether the frequency 'v' in the LHS is the frequency of the emitted radio frequency by the protons, after the passing of RF waves is stopped or else anything?????
Please anyone kindly say....
The Larmor frequency is the precession frequency (not a radio frequency) of the protons oscillating in the magnetic field. The excitation of the protons comes from a short Rf pulse. The frequency of the pulse is centered at the middle of the NMR spectrum. A short pulse at a carrier frequency contains a range of frequencies centered about the carrier frequency. The bandwidth is inversely proportional to the pulse duration.
This may be helpful:
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nuclear_magnetic_resonance#Precession_of_the_spin_magnetization
Waow such good video
Thank you so much sir for making this very informative video it helped me a lot. This video is itself equivalent to 20 to 25 pages of many books at a time
Thank you very much for your kind comments. Please check out NMR spectroscopy two th-cam.com/video/DPK8hzxed1o/w-d-xo.html
Great video
Oh man... I am currently studying the NMR part for my thesis defense and was studying it through two recent papers... However, it is very hard to understand without a visual representation. Your animations pointed my in the correct direction!
Thank you very much!
Isn´t there a mistake at 5:40 ?? it should be still triplet, the Hc changes the intensity of the peak if its added up to the same carbon as Ha, but for quintet the Hc should be on the same carbon as Hb and Hd.
EDIT: He says it right, but the vid doesnt fit
Thanks for your comments and astute observations. That section was trying to describe the N+1 rule, but the shapes of the peaks in the animation are not quite right. Ha will be split by Hc if they are diastereotopic protons. This is an example of geminal coupling. So the example of 5:37 would probably look like a doubled doublet instead of a triplet and the example at 5:40 would be a multiplet. NMR SPECTROSCOPY TWO goes into a lot more detail about spin-spin coupling including geminal coupling and the N+1 rule. Check it out:
th-cam.com/video/DPK8hzxed1o/w-d-xo.html
@@ScienceSketch I see what you mean. Thanks a lot for brightening this to me, Your vids helped me a lot.
Great to hear that. Thanks!
You are the NMR-god!
Well said!
Awesome...👌
This video is fantastic! thank you a lot!!!
Can you please explain the difference between spin lattice relaxation and spin-spin relaxation ?
Hi Majdolean, I can only scratch the surface here. Spin-spin relaxation is dependent on the chemical environment surrounding the protons. MRI imaging takes advantage of the spin spin relaxation time T1 to differentiate between different tissues. I would recommend the wikipedia entry as a good starting place.
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spin%E2%80%93spin_relaxation
@@ScienceSketch thanks for your time
Wow this was soo wonderfully explained , thank you sooo much dude.
Thanks for the video, explained really well
Tnk u Sir ! Awesomely described and visualised ❤❤
Most welcome 😊