Jared, the only thing more incredible than Enigma was the amazing description of every part that you did. This was by far the most clear explanation I ever saw, thank you very much for doing it.
Thousands of years ago, people changed letters in places and received a cipher. One hundred years ago, people invented Enigma. At the beginning of this century, we got cheap 3D animation. A year ago, I watched foreign videos and read subtitles in my native language. Today I watch foreign videos with instant voiceover in my native language, translated and dubbed by a neural network. What will be tomorrow? And yet in my childhood I translated foreign literature with a dictionary. Thanks to the author from the other side of the planet.
@@SkyPrinceR Seriously! A content creator all the way across the world creates 3d animations in full HD and publishes it to the entire world via a network of copper and fiber optics, using SSL encryption, about an eletromechanical cypher box! Turing would be proud! Amazing!
More incredible was the guy selling one to pawn stars asking 173,000 for it but the expert brought in said it was a rebuilt box, gears and letters and only worth 73 grand. Most expensive ever sold was used in movies and all original went for 200,000 grand
What an amazingly well-done explanation of something that is rather complex. I now understand why it was such a hard code to crack. Keep up the great work!!
Enigma would not have been cracked at all had the soldiers known how to properly use it. Enigma was a highly complex version of the Caesar Cipher, but it still had the same weaknesses: -Enigma was used for messages that did not necessarily needed to be encrypted, giving the enemy more data to work with. -'E' is the most common letter in the German language. 'E' will most often be followed by 'R' and 'N'. 'Q' is always followed by 'U'. "Ich" (German for I) is the most common trigram. -It was possible to guess words from context. For example, if a German submarine saw you lay mines, you know the message will contain the word "mine" several times. -German soldiers had a formal way of writing. To use the last example, the message would be pretty much guaranteed to start with "Achtung Minen". Had they knows they needed to try using the letters equally and deliberate make spelling errors, especially in the head of the message, Enigma would have been much harder to crack.
@@schwarzerritter5724 It could be partially brute forced with the 'Bomb' computers at Bletchley park by the middle of the war, and narrowed down algorithmically using the machine's one mathematical 'flaw' (that a key could never light its OWN lamp, and therefore the patterns of letters in natural language would bleed in in reverse) but, yeah: even by the end never fast enough to do so before the codes changed without luck or human error involved. A lot of code books were stolen meaning the cryptologists could basically take a break for a week and help the other departments with their cyphers, a lot of comms operators were lazy and started their reports with words like 'weather report,' and the nazi army was fairly tolerant of that kind of laziness (though the navy was fairly strict and even introduced new rotors later in the war because they were properly paranoid, unlike the army and air forces, who were confident in Enigma being uncrackable and therefore only made token gestures to crack down on lazy messages to appease the navy).
@@IONATVS and this all is without taking into account the previous work done by Marian Rejewski in Poland's intelligence, before they shared their cracking of enigma V1 the allies had no idea how to decode it. Only when they shared his discoveries was Turing able to do further work to be able to break subsequent versions of enigma (BASED on how V1 was cracked by Rejewski).
@@arefkr Did you watch the video? There is no table, encryption is dynamic. The machine was broken by another machine and by a programming logic invented by Alan Turing at the time.
@@arefkr you know that didnt make sense right ? i dont think your smart enough to question anyones intelligence lol. it deifnilt yhad to be cracked i dont belvie you understood the video. There was no solution key.
Soy CRISTIANO evangélico y deseche las religiones incluido los pentecostales : Sus iglesias están divididas en llamados lugar santo y lugar santísimo en sus templos hay 2 pulpitos, para ellos no se partió el velo en dos. Sus iglesias son paredes y no humanas (Templo Viviente de Dios). Piden diezmos, se creen levitas, entonces debería de haber dos tipos de sacerdocio levita en general que recibían el diezmo (Num. 8:24-26) y deberían de dar el diezmo del diezmo a los sumos sacerdotes (Num. 18:26) y los levitas sumo sacerdote descendiente de Aarón. El diezmo era para el huertano la viuda el desamparado para el extranjero (Deut. 14:22-29). Ya no hay diezmo, pero ellos piden a diaria, semanal mensual, los diezmos eran cada año y otro cada tres años todo eso pertenecía a la ley dada a los judíos. Ellos declaran con su boca entonces ya no necesitan a Cristo, si todo ellos en su error todo pueden con su boca entonces están endiosándose, tremenda mentira, Cristo nos enseñó que dijéramos: si Dios lo permite are el uno u otra cosa. Idolatran a Israel terrenal (anticristos), lo llaman el pueblo de Dios y a los que creen en CRISTO los llaman gentiles (apartado de Dios olvidados de Dios) la escritura dice quien rechaza a CRISTO está condenado (Juan 3:18) y el que acepta a CRISTO JESÚS ya es salvo para vida eterna. Entonces a quien le creo a CRISTO JESÚS o a religiosos mentirosos llamados pentecostales. El pueblo de Dios son los Cristianos que recibieron título de ser llamados hijos de Dios.. Desconocen que los verdaderos judíos son los remanentes hijos de Dios es decir los Cristianos del mundo, el pueblo de Dios, somos los Cristianos. Los mentirosos dicen que para los Cristianos no hay tribulación, no saben cómo vivieron los primeros Cristianos, en roma en Israel, perseguidos, asesinados, quemados, acontecimientos en el coliseo romano, el incendio de roma, persecuciones, por judíos claro ejemplo Saulo perseguidor autorizado por gobierno judíos, inquisición etc etc, y que según esos mentirosos ellos serán raptados en secreto sin que nadie lo sepa y para ellos no hay sufrimiento engañan diciendo son hijo de dios rico y anhelan riquezas y poder terrenal. Dios nada hace en secreto ni se esconde de nadie, todo lo hace avisando miles de años antes y a ojo de todos. Ellos no predican a CRISTO JESÚS, ellos predican a la mentira que no existe (jeova, yave , buda, ala etc.etc. etc) todo el que rechaza a CRISTO JESÚS entonces el tal es bestia (anticristo) Obligan vacunarse. Hablan lenguas que nadie les entiende. Por sus obras los conocerás dice nuestro señor Dios y salvador CRISTO JESÚS. Soy Cristiano hijo de CRISTO JESÚS mi Dios y salvador regresara pronto en las nubes del cielo y todo ojo lo verá ahí mandara recogernos a sus Ángeles con voz de trompeta nos reuniremos su iglesia (todos los Cristianos verdaderos del mundo) CRISTO es la cabeza de la iglesia, ahí las bodas del cordero. Antes de destruir esta tierra y este cielo reinará mil años este planeta, pero antes encarcela por mil años a satanás. Al falso profeta (religiones) y a la bestia (espíritus inmundos seguidores de satanás, google, Facebook, ciencia usada para el mal) serán lanzados al infierno vivos. Después de los mil años satanás es soltado de su prisión no se arrepiente y es lanzado al infierno la candela que no se apaga ni su gusano muere, desaparece este mundo y este cielo inmundo por causa del pecado, nada inmundo prevalece, ahora Dios todo lo hace nuevo, nuevo cielo y nueva tierra, Dios Reyna para siempre. ( 1 Juan 5:7 Porque tres son los que dan testimonio en el cielo: el Padre, el Verbo y el Espíritu Santo; y estos tres son uno.) Dios resumió toda la Biblia en dos mandamientos. El verdadero amor ( CRISTO JESÚS )
The sheer genius of the minds that came up with this is just incomprehensible to me, as is the utter brilliance of the people that managed to design a machine to crack it.
@@shubhankardatta2437 too bad he was gay. Develops a technology that was instrumental in winning the biggest war ever to happen, still gets shafted because he liked guys
Back in college, my best friend asked me to assist her on her final project for her cryptography class. While half her class did papers or presentations on crypto-currency, She, myself and another class mate got together and built an eigma machine from scratch. It didn't look anything like the real thing. We used cardboard rotors with fastener pin contacts and a few scattered lego pieces. You had to manually rotate each rotor for every input, the whole thing was a mess of wires and looked like trash. But it worked. We got the cryptography right. The mess of parts that looked more like a middle school art project than an electro-mechanical computer successfully scrambled messages and decoded them. In the end we got an A- on the project because it was only 90% finished, but we proved to the professor we understood the process and mechanics and this was his favorite project of all of them. In hindsight, I wish we had gotten a group photo with the thing.
@@ambientscience2951 Best of luck to you. It's been so long that I don't think I'd be much help at this point. There exist a good volume of books, analyses, and schematics online that should help.
seems like a pretty fun project for electrical engineering as well, especially with modernized storage settings like on a floppy with a microcontroller that reads those settings. though this would mean that the system (especially the microcontroller that reads the settings) needs to be robust enough (perhaps redundant microcontroller could be installed) so if one shorts out you can have additional ones.
Наконец-то я узнал благодаря вам, как она работает. Это гениально. Всё понятно, но фиг расшифруешь без ключа и без знания устройства. Инженерам большой респект.
сейчас уже даже твой холодильник способен расшифровать энигму не зная этих ключей.... тут все изи на самом деле и всё упирается лишь в сложности перебора. Просто тогда небыло компов и все делалось вручную. Сейчас расшифрует тот, у кого мощнее железо. кто умнее, тот всегда передаст информацию перед носом того кто тупее и он даже не заметит ведь для него эта инфа бессмысленна по определению того что он тупее ))) как фокусник у тебя перед носом делате фокусы )) И в ближайшее время изменение данной парадигмы не предвидится даже с появлением квантовых компов и ИИ
I've read several books about the enigma machine, watched a documentary, and even looked at schematics of one, and never had everything fall in place like it has after watching this video. Thanks so much for this amazingly detailed breakdown of such an iconic piece of history!
plz advice vlog/video how it was cracked using/continuing from understanding this video is showing .. cuz this video say it was catered for cases even if enemy got one ....
@@mi1400 They usually finished their messages with the phrase "heil hitler" or started the first message of the day with "weather report", so it wasn't hard for a computer to decode the initial parameters with that information
Bletchley Park, where Enigma was cracked, is now a museum. You should go check it out. Plan on a full day at a minimum. You could spend a week or two visiting the various WWII historic sites in southeast England. And don't miss Dover Castle!
@@mi1400it was finally cracked using the Colossus machine invented by Alan Turing. They finally realized that every message ended with the words heil Hitler and that was the key to breaking the message
It doesn't take that long if you're familiar with CAD programs. The 3d-model is very simple and can be done in an hour. From a professional, it would take half an hour max. Then the animation is the easy one. While those can be made easily in half an hour, they probably took a bit more because he had to do it according to the script.
@@anteshell I have always wondered, can you please name the programs? With CAD program can I create models like this? And how to animate it, then record it, add text and save it? I'm sorry, maybe its a thing everyone knows but I don't. Even if you can give me a "phrase" to Google, I would be so thankful!
@@laprodience3002 While not exactly a CAD program, with Solidworks you can do all that. Parametric drawing and 3d-model and to animate it. It can also do physics simulations based on material properties, but I'm not sure if it can do electric circuit simulations. Most CAD-software can probably do that, but I have no knowledge since that's way outside my expertise.
This is the most amazing example of human ingenuity that I've seen clearly explained - or animated. Thinking of how everything inside the Enigma Machine - the electrical and mechanical parts, timing, design, protocols, etc. - are intentional and perfect. This machine is aesthetic beauty. Just an amazing piece of engineering.
I almost didn’t watch this, thinking “I know this.” I understood the electrical part, the dials, and the random plugboard key swapping. But while I thought I understood it, I had NEVER been able to visualize it, to actually understand how the machine worked. Kudos! Excellent visualization and Graphics!
plz advice vlog/video how it was cracked using/continuing from understanding this video is showing .. cuz this video say it was catered for cases even if enemy got one ....
@@mi1400 - The enigma machine had two keys, you had to understand how to decipher one key, to set the machine in order to decipher the message. There were many hundreds of millions of possible combinations. Without the first key, delivered in innocuous weather messages, you would never know how to set the correct keys. And without an enigma machine you couldn’t decipher the message.
Imagine what the inventor(s) of the Enigma would've said if they'd known that someday you'd post such an incredible 3D-rendered video that describes in minute detail the inner workings of the machine. Just an incredible video. Fascinating to watch. Love your vids. One of the very best channels on youtube today!
They simply wouldn't have cared! Most people don't know it, but Enigma machines were sold on the open market for the usage in companies or banks and such, very much like companies use encryption for some Emails today. Only the most advanced versions were for military usage only. They used the same ideas, just a higher number of complications.
As a senior software engineer, I find it amazing how such a simple machine could generate such complicated to solve "puzzles". Would you be able to also cover the machine that broke its encryption? Turing's machine developed at Bletchley Park
Bu makineyi yapan zekaya hayranlık duymamak elde değil. Ancak, bu kadar karmaşık bir yapıyı gayet anlaşılır ve yalın bir şekilde bize aktarmak da özel bir tebriği hak ediyor. Bravo 👏🏻
I was a radio operator in the Army for a short spell. We'd use code books with different call signs for message encrypting and the codes changed every day. Never failed though... some private would forget the codes (or lost the book) and screw up all the messages. That's when we busted out the Radio Shack walkie talkies and talk in plain English. Real top-secret stuff there!
British army used to use a system called BATCO, an absolute pain in the backside which inevitably broke down. I heard rumour its why the argies caught the British at Bluffs cove during the Falkland's war, a radio operator had got so fed up with BATCO he sent in clear instead, picked up by the argies and hey presto, two troop ships bombed..
@@philldavies7940 The Argentinians caught the two troop ships because they were visible from a nearby mountain observation post, sitting in the inlet in broad daylight, with troops on board and no sense of urgency to get them or their equipment off-loaded. People who should have known better, got slack and it cost men their lives. Mark from Melbourne Australia
I showed this to the “cool uncle” (as people call him) of mine who has a degree in electrical engineering and he’s still blown away by this machine. Such a confusing and yet still impressive piece of engineering.
Funfact: Operating at 4.5 V, the Enigma could theoretically be powered off a USB power bank, maybe with a little buck converter. Current draw might be an issue though. This thing is incredibly fun and there are people who build modern replicas of them....but they are not exactly cheap. My current profile pic actually shows me pressing a few keys on an original Enigma.
@@trex5863 It would be a nightmare trying to solder all of those contact points and make a settings book for them. which would make it cost prohibitive, especially if those works are done in countries with high wages/living standards.
@@kopazwashere „Cost prohibitive“ is probably an understatement here. Nothing that was in the original Enigma is being made anymore and needs to be custom made, from the internals all the way to the paint on the metal parts and even the screws. So an accurate replica at this point is pretty much unobtanium, as far as prices are concerned. But there are some more budget friendly options out there.
@@kopazwashere a printed circuit board for each rotor could reduce the labor needed though you need some help with the finances - additional partners to buy circuit boards. I have been fascinated by these machines and wondered why no one used them after WW2.
I had an embedded systems course last semester, and we had to program the enigma using assembly language. But the first step was to really understand how the enigma worked. I owe it all to this video.
I would love to write an enigma machine in an OOP language, but if I had to write it in assembly, I would probably quit programming and go be a crab catcher in Alaska instead.
I've never really understood how it could be used both to encrypt and decrypt the message. Why if in some setting letter A gives you B then plugging B will get you A. This animation finally made it clear to me. Especially swich and reflector part. In awe of history of braking this code and work done by Rejewski/Zygalski/Różycki and then Turing it's easy to forget how ingenious this machine is. Mechanically it's not THAT complex yet the path is scrambled so many times seemingly with so many variables and every little change of them changes the output completely.
It wasn't clear to me how the machine can be used to decode. Using an specific setting, pressing the letter X will give us C, but pressing C could result in H, not X. So, how to decode? I noticed a black lever at the right side of the machine. I bet this should be used to select if we want to code or decode. And it should change the wiring somehow... But this was not talked about
@@andrechagas4549 Look how: 1) Switches work in a way that if the key is pushed it directs flow from source to sipher mechanism and if not - from mechanism to bulb. 2) at every point of scrambling no two letters are changed to one letter. 3) when the flow is presented it goes from pressed key "A" to rotors/reflector/rotors and then back to differend switch (let's say of key "B") only to be directed to bulbs. cables work two ways so if instead "B" was pressed the electricity would take exact same path through cipher mechanism just in different direction. Going back to "A" and then to bulbs. So at each moment 26 letter are organised in 13 distinct pairs so if you press one of these two the other one is lighten up and vice versa. There's no "mode" for coding/decoding. This also explains the weakness of enigma - why no letter can ever be changed to itself.
@@andrechagas4549 it's just a simple rotary for turning the machine on/off and selecting the power source, as it could be powered either with a 4.5v battery, or by 4v external power
It is actually work like this I think. Let's only think about the case of three rotors and the reflector. When you press A, it goes through the sequence of A -> B -> C -> D -> E -> F -> G -> H. Here A -> B and G -> H are through the same rotor (the first rotor), but in opposite direction. while on the descriptor's side, if you press H, it will become G after the first rotor (remember the direction), then F after the second rotor, and so on. So it is like going backwards of the encryptor side. Finally it goes through the process of H -> G -> F -> E - > D - > C -> B -> A.
Автору низкий поклон)Я еще не досмотрел видео до конца,но уже впечатлен тем,какую работу он провел,чтобы вот так просто и наглядно донести информацию.👍👍👍👍👍👍
The Enigma code was first broken by the Poles, under the leadership of mathematician Marian Rejewski, in the early 1930s. In 1939, with the growing likelihood of a German invasion, the Poles turned their information over to the British, who set up a secret code-breaking group known as Ultra, under mathematician Alan M. Turing. Because the Germans shared their encryption device with the Japanese, Ultra also contributed to Allied victories in the Pacific. Never disrespect poles
The poles showed that enigma existed and the general principles behind it ,the Germans added another 4 rotors in WW2 which rendered the machine that Poland shared with Britain and France little more than firewood. If the Poles had already cracked Enigma why did it take Turing and all the other allied boffins take so long to de-cypher the German codes at Bletchley Park?
I've known for years about the enigma machine and the basic concept. However, this was the first time that I actually understand the steps that it went through for the encryption. For example, I only thought it went through the plug board once, not twice and you fully explain the repeater, which I knew about but didn't know the actual function Thank you Jared
There should be a sequel to this video. During WWII, breaking the Enigma code was important for the Allied victory. Computer scientist Allen Turing built one of the first computers for the sole purpose of breaking the code. It is called the Bombe Machine, and I am curious to know how it worked.
My wife is a Brit that took me to Bletchley Park where they broke the code for the enigma machine. They have a replica of the code breaking machine and a museum of all the people who toiled there in that endeavor.
I create escape rooms for a living and over the last 7 years have immersed myself in all manner of encryption. This is the most clear concise explanation of the Enigma I have seen. Those who can make the complex and convoluted clear for anyone are gifts to us all.
I remember studying this in the 80s when I was in college. This animation clarified it for me WAY better than all those circuit diagrams shown in the class. Very impressive animation, I never understood the bar at the bottom.
Brilliant script; genius animation. I knew generally how Enigma worked, but didn't grasp the mechanical complexity. Makes me wonder how electrically reliable it was inside a U-boat with high humidity, corrosion and mechanical jarring from sea conditions. Never much about it being unreliable, but I suspect it was challenging to maintain in the field.
To answer that a bit--we used to take older devices that had mechanical relays at the output, and give them a 2 foot drop test when they started to garble. The jarring affect would knock some of the crud off of the relays. It kept them from garbling the message for a few more weeks--until the replacement relays came in. So... I'm sure the constant jarring helped to keep the contacts somewhat cleaner. It would probably wear them out faster...so they probably had extra wheels on hand. The repair of this device would have been super easy.
It's actually mechanically simpler than I thought. Only thing I was surprised to see that cam mechanism disabled by notch. That was really clever thing.
I'd use springs on the male wheel copper contacts and slightly concave female ones to make sure they snap into place and stay alive even with constant friction. The rest seems pretty stable to me.
Wow, Jared you have some really impressive confidence to undertake this subject. Great job. Dude your channel is one of my personal favorites on TH-cam. Truly you're one of the most important creators. I'm a little smarter than I was 20 minutes ago and I have you to thank for that!
Loved your explanation, the animations make it so easy to understand. For anyone interested: A university in south Germany has successfully rebuilt an Enigma Machine with many parts printed from a 3D-Printer. The replica is mostly identical to the construction of an original Enigma. At some point it's planned to release the building instructions, so theoretically everyone could build their own Enigma. The Project is called "Enigma R.D.E.".
Even in this high tech century this is a very fascinating machine. I did a project on this in my electronics course. It was very difficult getting resources to study enigma machine but we somehow managed it. But making this was challenging and exciting. Seriously great thanks to you Sir for making this explanation very easy! Thank you for making video on enigma.
One has only to admire the ingenuity of the German engineers who designed and built the Enigma machine. I knew it was complex, but not "that" complex. Also, you must be thanked and praised by your animation and explanation. Very detailed, clear and beautiful. I wonder how many person-hours you spent in designing the animation. Very nice work. I'll definitely show this to my Computer Engineering students.
the people who ran the company that built the machine actually recieved very little credit. until the nazi party came to power, they attempted to sell the machine to businesses, and it did not sell very well. only when the nazis had demand did it actually go into wide use. in fact! one of the people who made it died in a carriage crash in ~1926, and so died believing that his machine would never reach success.
What I love about German engineering is that it's so elegantly complex, yet kinda braindead simple at the same time... All those wires and contacts and shifting points, yet it's just a button turning on a light!
@@DeKempster For like a month then they were unable to keep up with the machine's sophistication. Turing, who actually cracked the Enigma long enough to make a difference was helped by the same Polish scientists though.
Enigma was already cracked by Polish math Team, before II war was begun. They even produced 2 copies. One of them they gave to the Franch foreign intelligence , where later after French surrendered , Enigma was transferred by resistance to UK.
Every time I have seen or heard a explanation, the electronics inside the rotor wheels have always been skipped over or not explained in any form of detail like this. Thank you for making this.
Great animation. The Enigma was an amazing machine but it had one fatal flaw that allowed the allies to decipher its messages: a letter in the code could never represent itself. Seems like a small thing but the Bombe machine in the UK and Building 26 machines in Dayton used this weakness to run infinite scenarios until it found a set of possible letters not representing themselves that could potentially form a word. They used known German phrases as likely "hits" and when one of those buzz words was found it then ciphered that part of the code. Knowing decrypted letters could never be the same encrypted letters gave them just enough room to rule out complete randomness. There were a couple other weaknesses such as the 2nd and 3rd rotors turning much less often so they could be eliminated to decrypt a lot of the initial parts of German messages since the first rotor was doing most of the work. The additional rotors only came into play on longer messages. It remains one of the most impressive reverse engineering feats of all time without ever having an actual Enigma machine to interrogate.
And it would have been rather simple to remove those flaws. Most importantly, get rid of the reflector. That would have required a different wiring, but would have the removed the flaw of a letter never representing itself. With just a few tweaks (like increasing the number of rotors), the Enigma would still hold up quite well today. A good thing it didn't.
You helped me understand a difficult part I've always struggled to comprehend: how the enemy possessing an enigma machine couldn't decipher a enigma code. Now I finally understand why ... Thank you so much man.
I am a retired electronics engineer. You should be a teacher my friend. I had never researched how this machine worked, and your presentation is brilliant! Beautiful animation/simulation and excellent explanation about a very sophisticated (but primitive) method for encrypting and decrypting messages.
I remember trying to understand how the Enigma Machines worked long ago but could only visualise it by flow diagrams. With everything in place, the actions and the flow of electricity explained in this video, this video will soon be the number one go to video for understanding the Enigma Machine. Excellent work!! 👍
The design of enigma is incredible. I am quite amazed on how it reused the input wire as output with logical guarantee that same letter will never map back to it self.
@@e.w.4677 Exactly. the final spindle performs 13 pairs of swapping. The plug is exclusive swapping. Neither operation allows signals to feedback to itself.
This setup made the Enigma more compact and practical in use, but also made it possible to crack it. There where other rotor machins around. The signals passed the rotors in one direction from an input side to a corresponding output side. To decrypt you had to swap keyboard and lamps or top turtle the rotor stack.
@asdfghjkl One layer of security was that the enigma settings list (which was given out for 1 month at a time) was printed in water soluble ink, so it was easy to destroy it quickly
"Alan Turing" the guy who broke Engima, watching silently, so that he could teach this amazing master mechatronic piece of art to his next generations with these animations. #greatjob #amazinglyexplaned 💚👏🏻
14:51 As a German Im impressed that you even added simple details correctly in German language - This man makes his videos with passion and love for the little things!
one thing that's often forgotten is marian rejewski. He cracked the enigma during the late 1930's, working for the polish government. his solution worked off of the fact that the initial 3 letter combination at the beginning of a transmission would be repeated twice, so that in case of a transmission error the message could still be deciphered. He exploited this, and created `bombes` which could be used to decipher an enigma message. In fact, the bombes that were created by alan turing to decrypt enigma messages, were named after the bombes created by marian rejewski!
Jared as with so many others on here this video is absolutely amazing. I have 60 years of having it explained to me by my ex RAF father, a very good maths teacher at my own school, joining the RAF and involved in Reconnaissance where it was taught at my trade school, later my self becoming a Maths and Physics teacher tried to teach the basics of it, becoming an IT Teacher and then a Microsoft Trainer where I taught a fair number of coding and encryption systems, reading about Alan Turing and watching all the TV shows and films about him - I never in all that time learnt and understood so much as I did in your 20-minute video. From a training and education view point, this animation is without doubt of the highest level. Also knowing a bit about 3D animation, it must have taken ages to do whilst ensuring a very high level of 'explanation' factor. If there was an Oscar for such high standard videos as this one, you would have got it. Will certainly keep an eye on you and subscribe.
My friend...your talents have no bounds & as a Mathematician, this is THE best exposition of the Enigma System I've ever seen! This detailed presentation is seriously worthy of an award & as a new Subscriber, I seriously hope it gets recognized as such among the Channel's amazing, animated content! Keep up the great work indeed!! 👏👏
I’m not even going to lie to you. Not only was this an amazing display of engineering. Your explanation, model, and breakdown were legit museum level! You need to be doing these videos for EVERYTHING!!!
This is an amazing visualizing video about encryption and decryption problem, and it also shows it doesn't matter how many steps of encryption you have, it's never gonna be completely undecryptable. The fact that we need at least two participants for communication who has to configure their common encryption method is always gives the chance to third party participants during the configuration to access the key for each code.
Amazing explanation, I love how thorough you are about everything with great visuals too. Many videos on this topic mostly talk about 3 rotors, plug board, bla bla, magic happens. You took the time to go through everything, thank you so much!
When I joined the Navy in late nineties, I helped install some exhibits in a museum that was being built in Pensacola, and the Enigma was one of them. To hold it in my hands, and to be fortunate enough to already know the history behind it, was something that I will never forget. To have the ability actually touch and examine a piece of history like that was so mind-blowing to me, and I knew even then how fortunate I was to have that rare opportunity.
The simplest and most effective code is a simple “book code”. Here, the sender and receiver both have the same edition of the same book. An obscure book was usually chosen. Then, starting at the beginning of the book, each letter is the guide to altering the letter which it is intended to send. If the letter is “d” then the letter to be sent is advance in the alphabet by four letters. The next letter to be encrypted is advanced in the same way - if the next letter in the book is “a” then it is advanced by one letter. Since every exchange of letter is different throughout the message, there is no way of trying to guess what the original letter might have been. Word breaks are a point of weakness, since the word “the” will be common, so any three letter word is likely to be “the”. Similarly, a single letter is likely to be “a”. However, this problem can be avoided by breaking the message up into four letter units. The decoder can then insert the necessary word breaks. Of course, these days, with huge computers, it would be possible to enter the texts of every book ever published and simply run the message against every book until it eventually makes sense.
Another thing that blows my mind away when I saw the movie "The Imitation Game" was how it was important that the allies responded to the decrypted messages with statistically calculated winnings and losings in the battlefields---only choosing to act boldly on major engagements and pretended to lose in less significant ones---so that the Germans wouldn't figure out that their machines had been compromised. That is some higher level intelligence derived from maths and sciences.
Remember who broke the code just before the war: Three mathematicians, Polish officers: Marian Rejewski, Henryk Zygalski, Jerzy Różycki. Breaking Enigma was a joint effort of the Allies, but still the public, filled with Hollywood biased movies, ignores the decisive contribution of specialists from Poland. The first attempts to break the Enigma code were made by the French, the English and Poles as early as the end of the 1920s, but to no avail. French&British doubted that the Enigma encryption could be broken that they basically stopped all attempts, but Polish mathematicians of that era was then among the world's best and they decided not to give up. There is no place here for a description of decryption work, military intelligence actions, etc. all works took many years - but finally just before the outbreak of the war in 1939, the Poles handed over the broken codes and working models of Enigma machines to their allies: the French and the English, one copy each. Shortly thereafter, in Great Britain, at the Bletchley Park decryption center under the leadership of Alan Turing, further work on the Enigma began, based on Polish achievements. Thanks to the work of Polish and later British cryptologists and copies of Enigma intercepted in the meantime, at the end of the war practically all correspondence encrypted with it was read by the Allies in less than two days.
Finally, i found a comment about The Imitation Game, I loved the movie so much . The tragic end of Alan Turing, his failed love life, his hardwork all emotions were presented perfectly in the movie.
@@cetus4449 you are correct the work done by the Poles handed the British a big head start having the knowledge of how the machine worked and encoded and decoded saved valuable time and allowed the focus to be placed on cracking the method in which the Nazis used it. Many contributed to the efforts most have for far too long gone unacknowledged for their efforts.
@@fandangobrandango7864 Apparently you seem to not exactly know history. Poles are quite capable people. Talking about swimming. Do you know the story of Polish submarine ORP "Orzeł" ("Eagle") which after Poland was invaded in 1939 and home port was taken over by the Germans had to find way to escape from Baltic sea somewhere to one of allied countries? They chose England. Do you know story of other Polish warships? Like ORP "Garland"? And some more? Have you ever heard about Squadron 303 in the Battle of England? Do you know why Soviets hesitated, and did not want to openly enter Poland in 1980 - 1981 during massive protests and unrest like they did in 1968 in Czechoslovakia? Do you realise that Poland few hundred years ago relatively briefly was largest European empire? That first Constitution in Europe was the Polish one? Poles can f.... swim.
So, we have 3 geniuses here : - The man who built Enigma - The man who cracked Enigma And this man with such an incredible explanation and animation. Bravo !
@@JD_13 No Turing : 91 lat temu polscy matematycy Marian Rejewski, Henryk Zygalski i Jerzy Różycki złamali szyfr niemieckiej maszyny szyfrującej "Enigma", a następnie opracowali metody pozwalające na regularne odczytywanie niemieckich szyfrogramów. Dokonanie to uznawane jest za jedno z najważniejszych wydarzeń II wojny światowej. Wikipedia
@@JD_13 I feel horrible for what happened to Alan Turing. He did nothing wring and committed suicide because of a world that refused to give him the time of day. He was definitely, one of the greatest men to have ever lived.
plz advice vlog/video how it was cracked using/continuing from understanding this video is showing .. cuz this video say it was catered for cases even if enemy got one ....
@mi1400 Just having an Enigma isn't enough to intercept coded messages. You must have the correct settings as well (which was mentioned in the last segment). With all of the setting variables available (rotor set, rotor order, ring setting, starting position, and plugboard) there were almost 159 quintillion (159,000,000,000,000,000,000) different permutations, only one of which would decrypt the message. These settings would change daily according to a code sheet that was distributed in advance. A code sheet obviously could be captured from a seized ship or platoon, but then new code sheets would be distributed, making the stolen ones useless. Ultimately Alan Turing and his team were able to break Enigma through brute force analysis of how common words were encrypted using a machine called a "bombe" - which could be considered the world's first computer. Watch the movie "The Imitation Game", it'll give you a really good idea of how it happened.
I knew the Enigma machine was amazing but I didn’t know how amazing it was for encryption and it’s absolute complexity. Jared, you did a wonderful explanation of the device. Thank you.
Currently (excuse the pun!) reading Gordon Welchman’s ‘The Hut Six Story’ and came here to understand how the Enigma machine actually worked … mind blowing graphics and explanation, making it even more of a huge ‘hat tip’ to those men and women who eventually broke it … Thanks Jared … really fabulous video … 😊
An excellent and very clear explanation, just shows the brilliance of the folks at Bletchley Park in being able to break Enigma enciphered messages and the earlier and equally brilliant Polish team that first worked out how the Enigma worked.
churchill paid a visit to bletchley during the blitz,sat down to talk with the head,a rainy muddy day this was,as they chatted a lady came in from the rain all muddy and hollering,waving some paper, her glasses were askew from her falling in the mud,;weve got it sir,, we have enigma!!!!,churchill remarks to his conferee,' my god what kind of people do you have working here anyway?
The Enigma machine was sold commercially from 1923 onward, although there were several variants manufactured. The 1927 version was sold in the UK and USA, so its mechanism would have been known to the Allies before WW2. There was even a British version (called Typex or Type X) that was used during the war.
Not as widely known ... the most secret German communications would be encrypted twice. Once for all the radio operators and their usual two Enigma officers. And once again, when necessary, with "personal" Enigma codes known only to the commanding officer. (And even then, the messages could remain cryptic, translated by the machine into code words or phrases which carried very different meanings than their plain language.)
@@historiamowiosobie4515 _"The enigma was broken by the polish cypher bureau led by Rejewski"_ - the _first_ Enigma machine was broken by Poland. The Germans then upgraded the machine to a newer version. Turing's team then broke the newer version, helped by the Polish intel.
One of the clearest, most well-done teaching videos I've ever seen. Your 3D modeling is extraordinary, making this highly impressive and complex machine come to life.
I was trying to do the math on a calculator for combo possibility on Enigma, and I gave up in the billions. Then I googled it "Combining three rotors from a set of five, each of the 3 rotor settings with 26 positions, and the plugboard with ten pairs of letters connected, the military Enigma has 158,962,555,217,826,360,000 different settings (nearly 159 quintillion or about 67 bits)"
@@teliph3U not that's literally what happened he and his team of mathemations built what was a rudimentary computer to find the combo for the Enigma descrambling the Nazis messages
@@WhiteBloggerBlackSpecs I am not sure you know what _brute force_ means. As far as I know, they made some assumptions about some of the input. Otherwise, they would be still at it and would be for a long time. There is a reason why brute force is one of the worst possible algorithms and why cryptography is still a thing. You cannot simply brute force it most of the time. (It is still faster than trying it by hand.)
@@teliph3U Yeah, the Allies knew the flaw of the Enigma Machine, the fact that a letter cannot be itself, meaning an "A" cannot be an "A" again (which this video shows really well with the electric circuit, the keyboard with letter A pressed cannot have electricity to flow through it to turn on the lightbulb for A). Also like you mention, they made some assumptions like the Germans always start their message with the same greetings.
Excellent presentation. Now we need a companion video explaining how the code breakers at Bletchley Park were able to break the Enigma encryption every day and read the coded messages. Often, before the German officers read them.
It becomes easier if you know in advance what a message might say, because then you can work in reverse. If you know there are say 60 characters in a message followed by "heil hitler" you can start looking for the configuration that gives you that. An even bigger weakness is if you know exactly how a message starts. The Germans often opened their messages with "to x". So this kind of nullifies the greatest strength of the code: the self permutation. Note I said easier, not easy. You still have 26 permutations per rotor multiplied by the amount of rotors both in use and not in use (because you do not know which are in use), multiplied by the number of order configurations of the rotors, multiplied by the amount of settings on the plugboard. Now all this assumes you already have an engima machine so you figured out the way the rotors and wiring are configured internally. The way you figure that out is by computing through brute force. Which is what the Bombe was for. Just a giant computer which had as only function running through permutations of the machine until it showed you a message that made sense. What also helped was that the Germans has operational practices that limited the amount of options that has to be tried: Eg. They never left the same rotors in the same position the rest of the month, no letter on the plugboard was allowed to connect to its neighbour, etc. This and other bad/lazy practices of operators further limit options or make finding a correct option easier. Which is what it all boils down to: limiting the problem space.
@@privatprivat7279 _"still doesnt explain how they knew what settings to use"_ - yes it does: _a giant computer which had as only function running through permutations of the machine until it showed you a message that made sense_
I am 32 years old. The Enigma Machine has always puzzled me. For the first time I fully understand how it works thanks to your amazing description and clear video. This is clearer than most museums. Amazing work as always. keep up the effort and hard work you put into your videos. fantastic man. you need to be a teacher or some kind of educator.
The enigma machine is an amazing piece of engineering, especially considering the time that it was invented. However, to crack the code was also a great achievement. So many great minds of the time
Finally, it is great to see you again jared. Enigma machine given headache to the allied powers but thanks to United Kingdom it was finally solved. Great video 👍🏻
Gran trabajo! Probablemente sea la mejor explicación audiovisual que existe sobre ésta máquina en todo el mundo. Y gracias por la traducción. No me extraña que los británicos se volvieran locos para intentar descifrar a Enigma, y hay que reconocer el gran talento del ingeniero que diseñara esta maravilla. Sencillamente esta ha sido la cosa más interesante que he aprendido hoy.
Tanto quienes la diseñaron, como quienes lograron comprender su funcionamiento...todos unos genios, lastima toda esa sabiduría no se utilice en cosas mas útiles para nuestra existencia humana. saludos desde Malargue, sur de Mendoza Argentina.@@MBGINGENIERIA
No wonder why it was so hard to crack the codes, there were so many details that needed to be just right every step of the way. The rotor layout, starting position, and then the plugboard configuration. Truly an encryption marvel for it's time.
Let's see, it's... 5*26*4*26*3*26 on the rotors alone, 26! for each connection on the plugboard, 26 more for the possibility of each hole not being connected, then you have to match the date so add 365 more possibilities to that... And this is if you have a working set of the machine and rotors Cracking these in time for it to be remotely useful is humanly impossible without tools, modern computers can probably just brute-force it, spit out all the possible combinations, and filter out the gibberish to let the user choose from a small selection of highly probable correct answers, but not back then
it was actually quite simple: the germans always used a set format when sending messages - position - weather - message - heil hitler. once you know that, then the rest is easy. oh. and getting their hands on the machine and a passbook really helped.
This is the best 3D animation of how does ENIGMA work ever done! You have the talent for animation but the most important - the talent to explain complicated things straightforwardly.
Я вижу одну большую проблему: пусть зашифрованный текст передаётся азбукой Морзе. Если оператор на принимающей стороне, по ошибке, нажмёт хотя бы на одну букву короче или на одну букву длиннее, т.е. если зашифрованный текст введется с "ошибочной" длиной, все эти колёсики и коды будут сдвинуты без всякой возможности "вернуться обратно". Единственный путь будет только установить все колёсики до их первоначального состояния "по бумажке". В этом случае, сообщение должно быть повторено полностью. Это значит что канал передачи должен быть так же идеален с точки зрения "шума".
@Alex-Grek При СССР в армии была такого же типа только 10 дисков со вставками , 56 шариков и код на каждый день в спец блокнотах. Для каждого позывного свой . И блокнот общей связи.Информация шла как на перфоленте так и морзянкой . Печатали от 4 до 6 знаков в секунду и три ошибки по печатному тексту на 11 формате, для того чтобы сдать на Первый класс специалиста. Если сдавали на Мастера то 7-8 нажатий в секунду и ни одной ошибки на 11 формат печатного текста. Но это уже давно устаревший вариант механической кодировочной машины . Тогда криптостойкость сообщения , при тех ЭВМ , составляла 150 лет.( со слов преподавателей в учебке).
20 лет лучшие разведки мира пытались расшифровать цифровые радиограммы Рихарда Зорге , но безрезультатно ! А он использовал только двойное кодирование .
Enigma is truly one of the great engineering marvels. Ridiculously complicated codes from an extremely compact design, man portable and with such a complicated and convoluted, easily changed pattern that a human wouldn't be able to detect the pattern. It's extremely well made.
14:57 This was also Enigmas downfall, since it could never be the same letter that was pressed that could light up. That simple fact allowed brute force decryption later on. The Germans knew about that, but didn't thought it would be necessary to make a fix since brute forcing seemed like a undoable task at the time. Nice video btw. 👍
Question - if suppose K is pressed, and if the encrypted result is also K, then how will the bulb glow, because circuit contacter is not touching so circuit is not complete. What will happen then, will it be a null output? Can anyone please clear this?
@@dracentral That's the thing, the fix is "easy" conceptual but it would require a substantial rework of the electro mechanics. As originally build it is not possibile.
Imagine a wheel with 26 positions for the alphabet. All that the enigma does is add or substract positions ergo rotating the wheel clock wise or counter clockwise. But it was not possibile to add a "0". It always had to be at least 1 position difference regardless of direction. This is the reflectors fault, if instead you would go directly to the lamps/keys (you would need to be able to inverse the path between those to make decryption possible) you don't have that problem. The Enigma would have been impossible to crack *reliable* during WWII. The reason why it was "relatively easy" to crack later in the war was because of Allan Turings computer and that the Germans send a lot of stuff in the same format e.g. the weather report, that had known words or rather phrases that made it easy to shoot out a lot of "possible cyphers" that had the same letter and the same place as the in plain text/phrase. With this method and a bit (or lot) of luck you could crack it in a matter of hours or minutes instead of days or weeks.
@@DerSolinski *Tommy Flowers' computer. Electrical engineer Tommy Flowers built colossus WITH HIS OWN MONEY (and some from the telephone exchange dept of the post office) after his military bosses told him vacuum tubes would be too unreliable (he pointed out that they always blew when switched on, like an incandescent lightbulb, so maintenance would be easy provided you didn't switch it off too often.) If they'd done it with relays like the military bosses wanted it would have been too slow. Turing and Flowers got on but they had to deal with some short sighted idiots.
Very nice video. It would be great to mention that the Poles broke Enigma encryption, which gave the British an advantage at sea and changed the fate of WW2.
The best explanation of the Enigma machine ever! I have been trying to understand the Enigma machine for years and years. This is the only description I have seen that explains it clearly without throwing about a bunch of jargon and the mandatory "The Enigma had leventeen kajillion dillion combinations!" or some such dramatic figures while skipping over the basic structure. The 3d graphics were absolutely great!
Jared, the only thing more incredible than Enigma was the amazing description of every part that you did. This was by far the most clear explanation I ever saw, thank you very much for doing it.
Thousands of years ago, people changed letters in places and received a cipher. One hundred years ago, people invented Enigma. At the beginning of this century, we got cheap 3D animation. A year ago, I watched foreign videos and read subtitles in my native language. Today I watch foreign videos with instant voiceover in my native language, translated and dubbed by a neural network. What will be tomorrow?
And yet in my childhood I translated foreign literature with a dictionary. Thanks to the author from the other side of the planet.
@@SkyPrinceR Seriously! A content creator all the way across the world creates 3d animations in full HD and publishes it to the entire world via a network of copper and fiber optics, using SSL encryption, about an eletromechanical cypher box! Turing would be proud! Amazing!
More incredible was the guy selling one to pawn stars asking 173,000 for it but the expert brought in said it was a rebuilt box, gears and letters and only worth 73 grand. Most expensive ever sold was used in movies and all original went for 200,000 grand
And chicken schnitzel
(uuuuuú
What an amazingly well-done explanation of something that is rather complex. I now understand why it was such a hard code to crack. Keep up the great work!!
Enigma would not have been cracked at all had the soldiers known how to properly use it. Enigma was a highly complex version of the Caesar Cipher, but it still had the same weaknesses:
-Enigma was used for messages that did not necessarily needed to be encrypted, giving the enemy more data to work with.
-'E' is the most common letter in the German language. 'E' will most often be followed by 'R' and 'N'. 'Q' is always followed by 'U'. "Ich" (German for I) is the most common trigram.
-It was possible to guess words from context. For example, if a German submarine saw you lay mines, you know the message will contain the word "mine" several times.
-German soldiers had a formal way of writing. To use the last example, the message would be pretty much guaranteed to start with "Achtung Minen".
Had they knows they needed to try using the letters equally and deliberate make spelling errors, especially in the head of the message, Enigma would have been much harder to crack.
we love you branch
@@schwarzerritter5724 It could be partially brute forced with the 'Bomb' computers at Bletchley park by the middle of the war, and narrowed down algorithmically using the machine's one mathematical 'flaw' (that a key could never light its OWN lamp, and therefore the patterns of letters in natural language would bleed in in reverse) but, yeah: even by the end never fast enough to do so before the codes changed without luck or human error involved. A lot of code books were stolen meaning the cryptologists could basically take a break for a week and help the other departments with their cyphers, a lot of comms operators were lazy and started their reports with words like 'weather report,' and the nazi army was fairly tolerant of that kind of laziness (though the navy was fairly strict and even introduced new rotors later in the war because they were properly paranoid, unlike the army and air forces, who were confident in Enigma being uncrackable and therefore only made token gestures to crack down on lazy messages to appease the navy).
@@IONATVS and this all is without taking into account the previous work done by Marian Rejewski in Poland's intelligence, before they shared their cracking of enigma V1 the allies had no idea how to decode it. Only when they shared his discoveries was Turing able to do further work to be able to break subsequent versions of enigma (BASED on how V1 was cracked by Rejewski).
This wasn't so hard to understand. If you don't get it.. It says a lot about you.
Don't know what I'm more impressed with- the Enigma machine, the people who cracked it, or this guy who made this animation...
Or the people that thought of, designed, and built this
Nobody cracked it. They had access to the mapping table (like A is O etc)
@@arefkr Did you watch the video? There is no table, encryption is dynamic. The machine was broken by another machine and by a programming logic invented by Alan Turing at the time.
@@danilogo All those wirings are the equivalent of the mapping tables. If your IQ isn't high enough to get this you are a lost cause.
@@arefkr you know that didnt make sense right ? i dont think your smart enough to question anyones intelligence lol. it deifnilt yhad to be cracked i dont belvie you understood the video. There was no solution key.
As somebody who used to break codes in the US Navy, I really appreciate your description, graphics and narration, well done.
Hi Dominick, thank you so much! I appreciate the kind words.
😂😂😂 What codes?
@@maxkade9133Encrypted voice and transmission signals from foreign countries near Japan that were considered a threat. It was after 9/11.
Баркару
Soy CRISTIANO evangélico y deseche las religiones incluido los pentecostales : Sus iglesias están divididas en llamados lugar santo y lugar santísimo en sus templos hay 2 pulpitos, para ellos no se partió el velo en dos. Sus iglesias son paredes y no humanas (Templo Viviente de Dios). Piden diezmos, se creen levitas, entonces debería de haber dos tipos de sacerdocio levita en general que recibían el diezmo (Num. 8:24-26) y deberían de dar el diezmo del diezmo a los sumos sacerdotes (Num. 18:26) y los levitas sumo sacerdote descendiente de Aarón. El diezmo era para el huertano la viuda el desamparado para el extranjero (Deut. 14:22-29). Ya no hay diezmo, pero ellos piden a diaria, semanal mensual, los diezmos eran cada año y otro cada tres años todo eso pertenecía a la ley dada a los judíos. Ellos declaran con su boca entonces ya no necesitan a Cristo, si todo ellos en su error todo pueden con su boca entonces están endiosándose, tremenda mentira, Cristo nos enseñó que dijéramos: si Dios lo permite are el uno u otra cosa.
Idolatran a Israel terrenal (anticristos), lo llaman el pueblo de Dios y a los que creen en CRISTO los llaman gentiles (apartado de Dios olvidados de Dios) la escritura dice quien rechaza a CRISTO está condenado (Juan 3:18) y el que acepta a CRISTO JESÚS ya es salvo para vida eterna. Entonces a quien le creo a CRISTO JESÚS o a religiosos mentirosos llamados pentecostales. El pueblo de Dios son los Cristianos que recibieron título de ser llamados hijos de Dios.. Desconocen que los verdaderos judíos son los remanentes hijos de Dios es decir los Cristianos del mundo, el pueblo de Dios, somos los Cristianos. Los mentirosos dicen que para los Cristianos no hay tribulación, no saben cómo vivieron los primeros Cristianos, en roma en Israel, perseguidos, asesinados, quemados, acontecimientos en el coliseo romano, el incendio de roma, persecuciones, por judíos claro ejemplo Saulo perseguidor autorizado por gobierno judíos, inquisición etc etc, y que según esos mentirosos ellos serán raptados en secreto sin que nadie lo sepa y para ellos no hay sufrimiento engañan diciendo son hijo de dios rico y anhelan riquezas y poder terrenal. Dios nada hace en secreto ni se esconde de nadie, todo lo hace avisando miles de años antes y a ojo de todos.
Ellos no predican a CRISTO JESÚS, ellos predican a la mentira que no existe (jeova, yave , buda, ala etc.etc. etc) todo el que rechaza a CRISTO JESÚS entonces el tal es bestia (anticristo)
Obligan vacunarse.
Hablan lenguas que nadie les entiende. Por sus obras los conocerás dice nuestro señor Dios y salvador CRISTO JESÚS.
Soy Cristiano hijo de CRISTO JESÚS mi Dios y salvador regresara pronto en las nubes del cielo y todo ojo lo verá ahí mandara recogernos a sus Ángeles con voz de trompeta nos reuniremos su iglesia (todos los Cristianos verdaderos del mundo) CRISTO es la cabeza de la iglesia, ahí las bodas del cordero.
Antes de destruir esta tierra y este cielo reinará mil años este planeta, pero antes encarcela por mil años a satanás. Al falso profeta (religiones) y a la bestia (espíritus inmundos seguidores de satanás, google, Facebook, ciencia usada para el mal) serán lanzados al infierno vivos. Después de los mil años satanás es soltado de su prisión no se arrepiente y es lanzado al infierno la candela que no se apaga ni su gusano muere, desaparece este mundo y este cielo inmundo por causa del pecado, nada inmundo prevalece, ahora Dios todo lo hace nuevo, nuevo cielo y nueva tierra, Dios Reyna para siempre.
( 1 Juan 5:7 Porque tres son los que dan testimonio en el cielo: el Padre, el Verbo y el Espíritu Santo; y estos tres son uno.)
Dios resumió toda la Biblia en dos mandamientos.
El verdadero amor ( CRISTO JESÚS )
The sheer genius of the minds that came up with this is just incomprehensible to me, as is the utter brilliance of the people that managed to design a machine to crack it.
Mr. Alan Turing FTW
They made a movie about this time when they were trying to decipher the code. It eventually lead to the first computer.
@@chrislopez4942 "The Imitation Game" Great movie.
@@shubhankardatta2437 too bad he was gay. Develops a technology that was instrumental in winning the biggest war ever to happen, still gets shafted because he liked guys
@@sir.grumpypawson6598 was "getting shafted" intended to be a pun
Back in college, my best friend asked me to assist her on her final project for her cryptography class. While half her class did papers or presentations on crypto-currency, She, myself and another class mate got together and built an eigma machine from scratch. It didn't look anything like the real thing. We used cardboard rotors with fastener pin contacts and a few scattered lego pieces. You had to manually rotate each rotor for every input, the whole thing was a mess of wires and looked like trash. But it worked. We got the cryptography right. The mess of parts that looked more like a middle school art project than an electro-mechanical computer successfully scrambled messages and decoded them. In the end we got an A- on the project because it was only 90% finished, but we proved to the professor we understood the process and mechanics and this was his favorite project of all of them. In hindsight, I wish we had gotten a group photo with the thing.
cool I am thinking of making this but I do need some more research to understand what I am going to do
@@ambientscience2951 Best of luck to you. It's been so long that I don't think I'd be much help at this point. There exist a good volume of books, analyses, and schematics online that should help.
seems like a pretty fun project for electrical engineering as well, especially with modernized storage settings like on a floppy with a microcontroller that reads those settings.
though this would mean that the system (especially the microcontroller that reads the settings) needs to be robust enough (perhaps redundant microcontroller could be installed) so if one shorts out you can have additional ones.
Great effort
Im stealing this idea and putting your youtube name as credit thanks
You've cleared up 30 years of confusion in 20 minutes. Just, wow.
Yes
Ditto.
Amen! and ditto! Just wow!!!
Super clear explanation for easy understanding.
still confused
Наконец-то я узнал благодаря вам, как она работает. Это гениально. Всё понятно, но фиг расшифруешь без ключа и без знания устройства. Инженерам большой респект.
Я рад, что вы нашли это полезным!
Всё гениальное просто , а это очень не просто , следовательно не гениально
сейчас уже даже твой холодильник способен расшифровать энигму не зная этих ключей.... тут все изи на самом деле и всё упирается лишь в сложности перебора. Просто тогда небыло компов и все делалось вручную. Сейчас расшифрует тот, у кого мощнее железо. кто умнее, тот всегда передаст информацию перед носом того кто тупее и он даже не заметит ведь для него эта инфа бессмысленна по определению того что он тупее ))) как фокусник у тебя перед носом делате фокусы )) И в ближайшее время изменение данной парадигмы не предвидится даже с появлением квантовых компов и ИИ
капец немцы запарились
Советую глянуть фильм "игра в имитацию"
I've read several books about the enigma machine, watched a documentary, and even looked at schematics of one, and never had everything fall in place like it has after watching this video. Thanks so much for this amazingly detailed breakdown of such an iconic piece of history!
plz advice vlog/video how it was cracked using/continuing from understanding this video is showing .. cuz this video say it was catered for cases even if enemy got one ....
@@mi1400 They usually finished their messages with the phrase "heil hitler" or started the first message of the day with "weather report", so it wasn't hard for a computer to decode the initial parameters with that information
@@brayatan1990 Also it can't encrypt a letter as itself.
Bletchley Park, where Enigma was cracked, is now a museum. You should go check it out. Plan on a full day at a minimum. You could spend a week or two visiting the various WWII historic sites in southeast England. And don't miss Dover Castle!
@@mi1400it was finally cracked using the Colossus machine invented by Alan Turing. They finally realized that every message ended with the words heil Hitler and that was the key to breaking the message
I can only imagine how long it would have taken to animate this! Let alone all the research. Great work, very well explained
Longer than explore the real machiene for sure :D
It doesn't take that long if you're familiar with CAD programs. The 3d-model is very simple and can be done in an hour. From a professional, it would take half an hour max. Then the animation is the easy one. While those can be made easily in half an hour, they probably took a bit more because he had to do it according to the script.
@@anteshell I have always wondered, can you please name the programs? With CAD program can I create models like this? And how to animate it, then record it, add text and save it? I'm sorry, maybe its a thing everyone knows but I don't. Even if you can give me a "phrase" to Google, I would be so thankful!
@@laprodience3002 While not exactly a CAD program, with Solidworks you can do all that. Parametric drawing and 3d-model and to animate it. It can also do physics simulations based on material properties, but I'm not sure if it can do electric circuit simulations. Most CAD-software can probably do that, but I have no knowledge since that's way outside my expertise.
@@anteshell Thank you. I will look into that.
This is probably the easiest to follow, visually appealing and informative explanation of the Enigma machine i've seen. Well done.
This is the most amazing example of human ingenuity that I've seen clearly explained - or animated. Thinking of how everything inside the Enigma Machine - the electrical and mechanical parts, timing, design, protocols, etc. - are intentional and perfect. This machine is aesthetic beauty. Just an amazing piece of engineering.
I almost didn’t watch this, thinking “I know this.” I understood the electrical part, the dials, and the random plugboard key swapping. But while I thought I understood it, I had NEVER been able to visualize it, to actually understand how the machine worked. Kudos! Excellent visualization and Graphics!
plz advice vlog/video how it was cracked using/continuing from understanding this video is showing .. cuz this video say it was catered for cases even if enemy got one ....
@@mi1400 - The enigma machine had two keys, you had to understand how to decipher one key, to set the machine in order to decipher the message. There were many hundreds of millions of possible combinations. Without the first key, delivered in innocuous weather messages, you would never know how to set the correct keys. And without an enigma machine you couldn’t decipher the message.
Imagine what the inventor(s) of the Enigma would've said if they'd known that someday you'd post such an incredible 3D-rendered video that describes in minute detail the inner workings of the machine. Just an incredible video. Fascinating to watch. Love your vids. One of the very best channels on youtube today!
They'd probably shout "HEIL FUHRER!" and shoot a Jewish person. Because y'no, they're Nazis.
They simply wouldn't have cared! Most people don't know it, but Enigma machines were sold on the open market for the usage in companies or banks and such, very much like companies use encryption for some Emails today.
Only the most advanced versions were for military usage only.
They used the same ideas, just a higher number of complications.
You mean german scientists
wrong
I actually found an Enigma app for my phone, I bet that would have blown their damn minds.
As a senior software engineer, I find it amazing how such a simple machine could generate such complicated to solve "puzzles". Would you be able to also cover the machine that broke its encryption? Turing's machine developed at Bletchley Park
The BOMBE. Truly a fascinating machine in it’s own right looking for possible solutions
i would love to see it too
@@chrissmith7669 its* own right.
@@elliejohnson2786 lol
It was so fascinating that the polish cracked the code in 1930s, but the british took credit for it in 1941...
Bu makineyi yapan zekaya hayranlık duymamak elde değil. Ancak, bu kadar karmaşık bir yapıyı gayet anlaşılır ve yalın bir şekilde bize aktarmak da özel bir tebriği hak ediyor. Bravo 👏🏻
I was a radio operator in the Army for a short spell. We'd use code books with different call signs for message encrypting and the codes changed every day. Never failed though... some private would forget the codes (or lost the book) and screw up all the messages. That's when we busted out the Radio Shack walkie talkies and talk in plain English. Real top-secret stuff there!
I am guessing you used the KL-7 ?
British army used to use a system called BATCO, an absolute pain in the backside which inevitably broke down. I heard rumour its why the argies caught the British at Bluffs cove during the Falkland's war, a radio operator had got so fed up with BATCO he sent in clear instead, picked up by the argies and hey presto, two troop ships bombed..
Well like they say, every chain is as strong as its weakest link
you are very much on point in part bad habits of various Enigma operators contributed to the efforts that lead to it being cracked.
@@philldavies7940 The Argentinians caught the two troop ships because they were visible from a nearby mountain observation post, sitting in the inlet in broad daylight, with troops on board and no sense of urgency to get them or their equipment off-loaded. People who should have known better, got slack and it cost men their lives.
Mark from Melbourne Australia
I showed this to the “cool uncle” (as people call him) of mine who has a degree in electrical engineering and he’s still blown away by this machine. Such a confusing and yet still impressive piece of engineering.
Superb work Jared, keep it up.
Pls make a video about this with an arduino.
Funfact:
Operating at 4.5 V, the Enigma could theoretically be powered off a USB power bank, maybe with a little buck converter. Current draw might be an issue though.
This thing is incredibly fun and there are people who build modern replicas of them....but they are not exactly cheap.
My current profile pic actually shows me pressing a few keys on an original Enigma.
I tried to buy an engima machine , turns out all the original ones are in museums and there are no exactly similar replicas available to buy online.
USB power bank with a diode would reduce voltage to 4.3V. Not sure if that's good enough for enigma to operate; it's within +-10% threshhold though.
@@trex5863 It would be a nightmare trying to solder all of those contact points and make a settings book for them. which would make it cost prohibitive, especially if those works are done in countries with high wages/living standards.
@@kopazwashere „Cost prohibitive“ is probably an understatement here. Nothing that was in the original Enigma is being made anymore and needs to be custom made, from the internals all the way to the paint on the metal parts and even the screws. So an accurate replica at this point is pretty much unobtanium, as far as prices are concerned. But there are some more budget friendly options out there.
@@kopazwashere a printed circuit board for each rotor could reduce the labor needed though you need some help with the finances - additional partners to buy circuit boards.
I have been fascinated by these machines and wondered why no one used them after WW2.
Engineering like this should be considered art!
Just like this animation and great explanation👍🏼
Engineering is engineering, art is art.
@@Urketadic it was a complement.
@@Urketadicsterile, castrated view
I had an embedded systems course last semester, and we had to program the enigma using assembly language. But the first step was to really understand how the enigma worked. I owe it all to this video.
Can you share the code? Did you have to replicate it completely?
I would love to see the code on this.
Did you finish the program? On the other hand, did you also have to do the circuit?
@@santucigod if they head the ability to use code the wiring would have bin trivial.
I would love to write an enigma machine in an OOP language, but if I had to write it in assembly, I would probably quit programming and go be a crab catcher in Alaska instead.
I can't believe these videos are made by only one person. Absolutely amazing.
That was impressive... like all of it, the enigma machine, the narrating, the presentation, the animation, the knowledge....ALL OF IT!!!
the German advanced technology engineering was absolutely amazing
then why didnt you tip the guy that made the video? dam freeloaders
Fascinating! I can't imagine the amount of time to animate all this, but the explanation was superb. Thank you.
For real, impressive
Да, работа проделана грандиозная, абсолютно с вами согласен.
I've never really understood how it could be used both to encrypt and decrypt the message. Why if in some setting letter A gives you B then plugging B will get you A. This animation finally made it clear to me. Especially swich and reflector part.
In awe of history of braking this code and work done by Rejewski/Zygalski/Różycki and then Turing it's easy to forget how ingenious this machine is. Mechanically it's not THAT complex yet the path is scrambled so many times seemingly with so many variables and every little change of them changes the output completely.
It wasn't clear to me how the machine can be used to decode. Using an specific setting, pressing the letter X will give us C, but pressing C could result in H, not X. So, how to decode? I noticed a black lever at the right side of the machine. I bet this should be used to select if we want to code or decode. And it should change the wiring somehow... But this was not talked about
@@andrechagas4549 Look how:
1) Switches work in a way that if the key is pushed it directs flow from source to sipher mechanism and if not - from mechanism to bulb.
2) at every point of scrambling no two letters are changed to one letter.
3) when the flow is presented it goes from pressed key "A" to rotors/reflector/rotors and then back to differend switch (let's say of key "B") only to be directed to bulbs.
cables work two ways so if instead "B" was pressed the electricity would take exact same path through cipher mechanism just in different direction. Going back to "A" and then to bulbs.
So at each moment 26 letter are organised in 13 distinct pairs so if you press one of these two the other one is lighten up and vice versa. There's no "mode" for coding/decoding.
This also explains the weakness of enigma - why no letter can ever be changed to itself.
@@andrechagas4549 it's just a simple rotary for turning the machine on/off and selecting the power source, as it could be powered either with a 4.5v battery, or by 4v external power
@@juliuszkocinski7478 got it... Thanks!
It is actually work like this I think.
Let's only think about the case of three rotors and the reflector.
When you press A, it goes through the sequence of A -> B -> C -> D -> E -> F -> G -> H. Here A -> B and G -> H are through the same rotor (the first rotor), but in opposite direction.
while on the descriptor's side, if you press H, it will become G after the first rotor (remember the direction), then F after the second rotor, and so on. So it is like going backwards of the encryptor side. Finally it goes through the process of H -> G -> F -> E - > D - > C -> B -> A.
Автору низкий поклон)Я еще не досмотрел видео до конца,но уже впечатлен тем,какую работу он провел,чтобы вот так просто и наглядно донести информацию.👍👍👍👍👍👍
присоеденяюсь твоим словам! но ска кто это придумал, просто гений, реально потомок да,винчи, другого обьяснения не знаю
This makes what Alan Turing and Co did even more impressive.
Marian Rejewski broke the code first, of course you can not see that in the movie.
@@NACHOOFF No, Marian Rejewski failed to decode the Enigma Machine with the plugboard. That is where Alan Turing and his team beat the Germans.
The Enigma code was first broken by the Poles, under the leadership of mathematician Marian Rejewski, in the early 1930s. In 1939, with the growing likelihood of a German invasion, the Poles turned their information over to the British, who set up a secret code-breaking group known as Ultra, under mathematician Alan M. Turing. Because the Germans shared their encryption device with the Japanese, Ultra also contributed to Allied victories in the Pacific.
Never disrespect poles
@@NetITGeeks Liberals are trying to rewrite history lol
The poles showed that enigma existed and the general principles behind it ,the Germans added another 4 rotors in WW2 which rendered the machine that Poland shared with Britain and France little more than firewood.
If the Poles had already cracked Enigma why did it take Turing and all the other allied boffins take so long to de-cypher the German codes at Bletchley Park?
I've known for years about the enigma machine and the basic concept. However, this was the first time that I actually understand the steps that it went through for the encryption. For example, I only thought it went through the plug board once, not twice and you fully explain the repeater, which I knew about but didn't know the actual function Thank you Jared
I’m not sure how it’d be explained, but a really cool sequel to this would be a dissection of The Bombe
If this video does well then I will definitely consider doing an animation on the Bombe Machine!
Owiwiwiwiwiwiwiwiwi (ik im idiot)💁♂️
@@JaredOwen Hi Jared. Do a bomb Do a bomb
@@JaredOwen What about a rotary phone?
@@JaredOwen Thanks! Your videos are always really good :)
I was unable to comprehend but impressed with the technology for that time and more impressed that we cracked it.
There should be a sequel to this video. During WWII, breaking the Enigma code was important for the Allied victory. Computer scientist Allen Turing built one of the first computers for the sole purpose of breaking the code. It is called the Bombe Machine, and I am curious to know how it worked.
put XGqbieVcjPU after the = in the URL here... it's a pretty good vid on explaining it....
Plenty of videos about it
My wife is a Brit that took me to Bletchley Park where they broke the code for the enigma machine. They have a replica of the code breaking machine and a museum of all the people who toiled there in that endeavor.
Alan* sorry not to be a grammar nazi, glad you commented this tho!! so many people don't know about him enough
The first machine was built by the poles and handed over to the Brits. TH-cam : The real story of how Enigma was broken - Sir Dermot Turing
I create escape rooms for a living and over the last 7 years have immersed myself in all manner of encryption. This is the most clear concise explanation of the Enigma I have seen. Those who can make the complex and convoluted clear for anyone are gifts to us all.
I remember studying this in the 80s when I was in college. This animation clarified it for me WAY better than all those circuit diagrams shown in the class. Very impressive animation, I never understood the bar at the bottom.
Computer engineer here. Yep this machine is still amazing today.
Seeing this it is even more incredible that it was actually cracked
the machine was not cracked. the british found that every message ended with heil hitler. they used this to crack the message
Yeaaa they kinda brute forced it but made an early computer do all the work so it could go faster
@@basilpaschal lmao
@@nzo8899 keep it and use your head
@@basilpaschal u ok?
Brilliant script; genius animation. I knew generally how Enigma worked, but didn't grasp the mechanical complexity. Makes me wonder how electrically reliable it was inside a U-boat with high humidity, corrosion and mechanical jarring from sea conditions. Never much about it being unreliable, but I suspect it was challenging to maintain in the field.
To answer that a bit--we used to take older devices that had mechanical relays at the output, and give them a 2 foot drop test when they started to garble. The jarring affect would knock some of the crud off of the relays. It kept them from garbling the message for a few more weeks--until the replacement relays came in. So... I'm sure the constant jarring helped to keep the contacts somewhat cleaner. It would probably wear them out faster...so they probably had extra wheels on hand. The repair of this device would have been super easy.
I was wondering the same, I bet they got through a lot of light bulbs!
It's actually mechanically simpler than I thought. Only thing I was surprised to see that cam mechanism disabled by notch. That was really clever thing.
I'd use springs on the male wheel copper contacts and slightly concave female ones to make sure they snap into place and stay alive even with constant friction. The rest seems pretty stable to me.
@@dwaindibbley1965 Yeah but if you pressed a key and a light bulb didn't light how do you know which one to replace??? 😳 (😂)
Wow, Jared you have some really impressive confidence to undertake this subject. Great job. Dude your channel is one of my personal favorites on TH-cam. Truly you're one of the most important creators. I'm a little smarter than I was 20 minutes ago and I have you to thank for that!
Glad you like my videos Gibran😀
Amazing
Simply excellent! Very good explained and you did a lot of 3D design.
Thank you very much!
Loved your explanation, the animations make it so easy to understand.
For anyone interested: A university in south Germany has successfully rebuilt an Enigma Machine with many parts printed from a 3D-Printer. The replica is mostly identical to the construction of an original Enigma. At some point it's planned to release the building instructions, so theoretically everyone could build their own Enigma. The Project is called "Enigma R.D.E.".
Very cool Julian - thanks for sharing
we need it now because of all the govt spying on its own citizens who pay the bills
создателю ,,Энигмы,, нужно памятник поставить ! это просто ШЕДЕВР !!! человеческой мысли ...
Создатель «Энигмы» был соучастником убийства миллионов людей, виселица - вот что он заслужил. Ты ещё создателю циклона Б памятник предложи поставить.
В ее создании нет ничего сложного, а вот как расшифровали ее алгоритм - это шедевр
Even in this high tech century this is a very fascinating machine. I did a project on this in my electronics course. It was very difficult getting resources to study enigma machine but we somehow managed it. But making this was challenging and exciting. Seriously great thanks to you Sir for making this explanation very easy!
Thank you for making video on enigma.
Thanks Shubham - hopefully this video will help other students in the future
@@JaredOwen Definitely Sir it will be very very useful!
One has only to admire the ingenuity of the German engineers who designed and built the Enigma machine. I knew it was complex, but not "that" complex. Also, you must be thanked and praised by your animation and explanation. Very detailed, clear and beautiful. I wonder how many person-hours you spent in designing the animation. Very nice work. I'll definitely show this to my Computer Engineering students.
the people who ran the company that built the machine actually recieved very little credit. until the nazi party came to power, they attempted to sell the machine to businesses, and it did not sell very well. only when the nazis had demand did it actually go into wide use. in fact! one of the people who made it died in a carriage crash in ~1926, and so died believing that his machine would never reach success.
They were Polish. The original machine is of Polish origin.
@@victorg8866 Who is the inventor?
@@a.wen.6987 en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Enigma_machine
The code breakers were cleverer.
It’s complicated to explain even when you know how it works. Can you imagine the people that thought this up from scratch? Truly amazing!
What I love about German engineering is that it's so elegantly complex, yet kinda braindead simple at the same time... All those wires and contacts and shifting points, yet it's just a button turning on a light!
Wasn't it Polish engineering?
@@DavidMartinez-fq9eh No, Poland cracked the Enigma.
@@DeKempster For like a month then they were unable to keep up with the machine's sophistication. Turing, who actually cracked the Enigma long enough to make a difference was helped by the same Polish scientists though.
And they like to spell Enigma just like the english do, or hollywood just keeps including that anachronism.
@@DavidMartinez-fq9eh ????
Even more spectacular is how the codes were broken. It boggles the mind that it was actually done.
They were broken by La Bombe, right ?
Enigma was already cracked by Polish math Team, before II war was begun. They even produced 2 copies. One of them they gave to the Franch foreign intelligence , where later after French surrendered , Enigma was transferred by resistance to UK.
@@teniabryz5879 The enigma machine the polish cracked was not as complex as the wartime machine.
there was more than one and alan turing (as well as others) helped decode it
Not so mind boogling when you know they got it from a traitor and the polish and turing stories are war time propaganda.
Every time I have seen or heard a explanation, the electronics inside the rotor wheels have always been skipped over or not explained in any form of detail like this. Thank you for making this.
Дякую за відео! Дуже крута візуалізація з зрозумілим поясненням 👏👏👏
Great animation. The Enigma was an amazing machine but it had one fatal flaw that allowed the allies to decipher its messages: a letter in the code could never represent itself. Seems like a small thing but the Bombe machine in the UK and Building 26 machines in Dayton used this weakness to run infinite scenarios until it found a set of possible letters not representing themselves that could potentially form a word. They used known German phrases as likely "hits" and when one of those buzz words was found it then ciphered that part of the code. Knowing decrypted letters could never be the same encrypted letters gave them just enough room to rule out complete randomness. There were a couple other weaknesses such as the 2nd and 3rd rotors turning much less often so they could be eliminated to decrypt a lot of the initial parts of German messages since the first rotor was doing most of the work. The additional rotors only came into play on longer messages. It remains one of the most impressive reverse engineering feats of all time without ever having an actual Enigma machine to interrogate.
And it would have been rather simple to remove those flaws. Most importantly, get rid of the reflector. That would have required a different wiring, but would have the removed the flaw of a letter never representing itself. With just a few tweaks (like increasing the number of rotors), the Enigma would still hold up quite well today. A good thing it didn't.
In short the code breakers were more intelligent and brilliant than the designers of the Enigma machine.
El descifrado lo descubrieron de casualidad.
@@DevSolar I still believe that modern computer prowess will break any form of enigma in this day and age.
@@raufjaleel8317 the times forced them to, people's life's were in line
You helped me understand a difficult part I've always struggled to comprehend: how the enemy possessing an enigma machine couldn't decipher a enigma code. Now I finally understand why ... Thank you so much man.
I am a retired electronics engineer. You should be a teacher my friend. I had never researched how this machine worked, and your presentation is brilliant! Beautiful animation/simulation and excellent explanation about a very sophisticated (but primitive) method for encrypting and decrypting messages.
Гениально и просто! Автору огромный респект за невероятно простое и доходчивое объяснение!!!!!!
This turned an incredibly complex concept into something super digestible. Can’t say that about too many videos now. Great work!
I remember trying to understand how the Enigma Machines worked long ago but could only visualise it by flow diagrams. With everything in place, the actions and the flow of electricity explained in this video, this video will soon be the number one go to video for understanding the Enigma Machine. Excellent work!! 👍
The design of enigma is incredible. I am quite amazed on how it reused the input wire as output with logical guarantee that same letter will never map back to it self.
Do you mean that one letter can't be encoded as itself? Wouldn't that be possible?
@@e.w.4677 Exactly. the final spindle performs 13 pairs of swapping. The plug is exclusive swapping. Neither operation allows signals to feedback to itself.
the fact a letter cannot map back to itself was actually a weakness that the Allies exploited to crack the Enigma
This setup made the Enigma more compact and practical in use, but also made it possible to crack it. There where other rotor machins around. The signals passed the rotors in one direction from an input side to a corresponding output side. To decrypt you had to swap keyboard and lamps or top turtle the rotor stack.
@asdfghjkl One layer of security was that the enigma settings list (which was given out for 1 month at a time) was printed in water soluble ink, so it was easy to destroy it quickly
Best explanation on how Enigma works, especially the visuals which helps a lot.
"Alan Turing" the guy who broke Engima, watching silently, so that he could teach this amazing master mechatronic piece of art to his next generations with these animations. #greatjob #amazinglyexplaned 💚👏🏻
Thanks Raj
Alan Turing does get enough credit imo
In fact, the Enigma was broken by Polish mathematicians before the war. Turing broke a more advanced version based on their work.
Alan Turing' team cracking the Enigma machine but then being castrated for being homosexual.....
Turing also broke German navy enigma code...brilliant man...Mark Felton TH-cam tells true facts of ww2.
ここまでのシステム構築と解読にたどり着き、かつ、具体的に映像化してくれたことに感謝！
14:51
As a German Im impressed that you even added simple details correctly in German language - This man makes his videos with passion and love for the little things!
In German language?
No he didn't, try again.
@@armybeef68 Look at the switch upside on the right. The printings on it are accurate German Fachbegriffe.
Guess you lost this time.
@@armybeef68 do you have a Father figure?
@fernando andrade Fun fact: Im a German engineering student and I agree with you!
@fernando andrade Yeah Germans are said to love work, they way they keep improving and learning from the past has made them get so far surely
Increíble, NUNCA vi un video tan bien explicado. Simplemente una narrativa explendida
Great 3d modeling, you explained it perfectly. Enigma is a marvel of engineering. Also respect for Alan Turing.
Thank you!
plz make a video on driverlass car competition Darpa 2005 stanley robot
one thing that's often forgotten is marian rejewski. He cracked the enigma during the late 1930's, working for the polish government. his solution worked off of the fact that the initial 3 letter combination at the beginning of a transmission would be repeated twice, so that in case of a transmission error the message could still be deciphered. He exploited this, and created `bombes` which could be used to decipher an enigma message. In fact, the bombes that were created by alan turing to decrypt enigma messages, were named after the bombes created by marian rejewski!
Respect fot the man (the team ?) who designed thie machine...
can u do a video on the turning machine@@JaredOwen
Jared as with so many others on here this video is absolutely amazing. I have 60 years of having it explained to me by my ex RAF father, a very good maths teacher at my own school, joining the RAF and involved in Reconnaissance where it was taught at my trade school, later my self becoming a Maths and Physics teacher tried to teach the basics of it, becoming an IT Teacher and then a Microsoft Trainer where I taught a fair number of coding and encryption systems, reading about Alan Turing and watching all the TV shows and films about him - I never in all that time learnt and understood so much as I did in your 20-minute video. From a training and education view point, this animation is without doubt of the highest level. Also knowing a bit about 3D animation, it must have taken ages to do whilst ensuring a very high level of 'explanation' factor. If there was an Oscar for such high standard videos as this one, you would have got it. Will certainly keep an eye on you and subscribe.
My friend...your talents have no bounds & as a Mathematician, this is THE best exposition of the Enigma System I've ever seen!
This detailed presentation is seriously worthy of an award & as a new Subscriber, I seriously hope it gets recognized as such among the Channel's amazing, animated content!
Keep up the great work indeed!! 👏👏
Thank you!
I’m not even going to lie to you. Not only was this an amazing display of engineering. Your explanation, model, and breakdown were legit museum level! You need to be doing these videos for EVERYTHING!!!
Thank you for the high compliment!
This is an amazing visualizing video about encryption and decryption problem, and it also shows it doesn't matter how many steps of encryption you have, it's never gonna be completely undecryptable.
The fact that we need at least two participants for communication who has to configure their common encryption method is always gives the chance to third party participants during the configuration to access the key for each code.
Amazing explanation, I love how thorough you are about everything with great visuals too. Many videos on this topic mostly talk about 3 rotors, plug board, bla bla, magic happens. You took the time to go through everything, thank you so much!
When I joined the Navy in late nineties, I helped install some exhibits in a museum that was being built in Pensacola, and the Enigma was one of them. To hold it in my hands, and to be fortunate enough to already know the history behind it, was something that I will never forget. To have the ability actually touch and examine a piece of history like that was so mind-blowing to me, and I knew even then how fortunate I was to have that rare opportunity.
The simplest and most effective code is a simple “book code”. Here, the sender and receiver both have the same edition of the same book. An obscure book was usually chosen. Then, starting at the beginning of the book, each letter is the guide to altering the letter which it is intended to send. If the letter is “d” then the letter to be sent is advance in the alphabet by four letters. The next letter to be encrypted is advanced in the same way - if the next letter in the book is “a” then it is advanced by one letter. Since every exchange of letter is different throughout the message, there is no way of trying to guess what the original letter might have been. Word breaks are a point of weakness, since the word “the” will be common, so any three letter word is likely to be “the”. Similarly, a single letter is likely to be “a”. However, this problem can be avoided by breaking the message up into four letter units. The decoder can then insert the necessary word breaks. Of course, these days, with huge computers, it would be possible to enter the texts of every book ever published and simply run the message against every book until it eventually makes sense.
Another thing that blows my mind away when I saw the movie "The Imitation Game" was how it was important that the allies responded to the decrypted messages with statistically calculated winnings and losings in the battlefields---only choosing to act boldly on major engagements and pretended to lose in less significant ones---so that the Germans wouldn't figure out that their machines had been compromised. That is some higher level intelligence derived from maths and sciences.
Remember who broke the code just before the war:
Three mathematicians, Polish officers: Marian Rejewski, Henryk Zygalski, Jerzy Różycki.
Breaking Enigma was a joint effort of the Allies, but still the public, filled with Hollywood biased movies, ignores the decisive contribution of specialists from Poland.
The first attempts to break the Enigma code were made by the French, the English and Poles as early as the end of the 1920s, but to no avail. French&British doubted that the Enigma encryption could be broken that they basically stopped all attempts, but Polish mathematicians of that era was then among the world's best and they decided not to give up.
There is no place here for a description of decryption work, military intelligence actions, etc. all works took many years - but finally just before the outbreak of the war in 1939, the Poles handed over the broken codes and working models of Enigma machines to their allies: the French and the English, one copy each.
Shortly thereafter, in Great Britain, at the Bletchley Park decryption center under the leadership of Alan Turing, further work on the Enigma began, based on Polish achievements.
Thanks to the work of Polish and later British cryptologists and copies of Enigma intercepted in the meantime, at the end of the war practically all correspondence encrypted with it was read by the Allies in less than two days.
Finally, i found a comment about The Imitation Game, I loved the movie so much . The tragic end of Alan Turing, his failed love life, his hardwork all emotions were presented perfectly in the movie.
@@cetus4449 you are correct the work done by the Poles handed the British a big head start having the knowledge of how the machine worked and encoded and decoded saved valuable time and allowed the focus to be placed on cracking the method in which the Nazis used it. Many contributed to the efforts most have for far too long gone unacknowledged for their efforts.
@@cetus4449 and it was the British that got those machines doing daring raids. The poles can't even f**king swim
@@fandangobrandango7864 Apparently you seem to not exactly know history. Poles are quite capable people. Talking about swimming. Do you know the story of Polish submarine ORP "Orzeł" ("Eagle") which after Poland was invaded in 1939 and home port was taken over by the Germans had to find way to escape from Baltic sea somewhere to one of allied countries? They chose England. Do you know story of other Polish warships? Like ORP "Garland"? And some more? Have you ever heard about Squadron 303 in the Battle of England? Do you know why Soviets hesitated, and did not want to openly enter Poland in 1980 - 1981 during massive protests and unrest like they did in 1968 in Czechoslovakia? Do you realise that Poland few hundred years ago relatively briefly was largest European empire? That first Constitution in Europe was the Polish one?
Poles can f.... swim.
So, we have 3 geniuses here :
- The man who built Enigma
- The man who cracked Enigma
And this man with such an incredible explanation and animation. Bravo !
I just wish he mentioned Turing and the codebreakers instead of plugging the sponsor website again at the end, lol
@@JD_13 No Turing : 91 lat temu polscy matematycy Marian Rejewski, Henryk Zygalski i Jerzy Różycki złamali szyfr niemieckiej maszyny szyfrującej "Enigma", a następnie opracowali metody pozwalające na regularne odczytywanie niemieckich szyfrogramów. Dokonanie to uznawane jest za jedno z najważniejszych wydarzeń II wojny światowej. Wikipedia
@@JD_13 I feel horrible for what happened to Alan Turing. He did nothing wring and committed suicide because of a world that refused to give him the time of day. He was definitely, one of the greatest men to have ever lived.
plz advice vlog/video how it was cracked using/continuing from understanding this video is showing .. cuz this video say it was catered for cases even if enemy got one ....
@mi1400 Just having an Enigma isn't enough to intercept coded messages. You must have the correct settings as well (which was mentioned in the last segment). With all of the setting variables available (rotor set, rotor order, ring setting, starting position, and plugboard) there were almost 159 quintillion (159,000,000,000,000,000,000) different permutations, only one of which would decrypt the message. These settings would change daily according to a code sheet that was distributed in advance. A code sheet obviously could be captured from a seized ship or platoon, but then new code sheets would be distributed, making the stolen ones useless. Ultimately Alan Turing and his team were able to break Enigma through brute force analysis of how common words were encrypted using a machine called a "bombe" - which could be considered the world's first computer. Watch the movie "The Imitation Game", it'll give you a really good idea of how it happened.
I knew the Enigma machine was amazing but I didn’t know how amazing it was for encryption and it’s absolute complexity. Jared, you did a wonderful explanation of the device. Thank you.
Currently (excuse the pun!) reading Gordon Welchman’s ‘The Hut Six Story’ and came here to understand how the Enigma machine actually worked … mind blowing graphics and explanation, making it even more of a huge ‘hat tip’ to those men and women who eventually broke it … Thanks Jared … really fabulous video … 😊
An excellent and very clear explanation, just shows the brilliance of the folks at Bletchley Park in being able to break Enigma enciphered messages and the earlier and equally brilliant Polish team that first worked out how the Enigma worked.
churchill paid a visit to bletchley during the blitz,sat down to talk with the head,a rainy muddy day this was,as they chatted a lady came in from the rain all muddy and hollering,waving some paper, her glasses were askew from her falling in the mud,;weve got it sir,, we have enigma!!!!,churchill remarks to his conferee,' my god what kind of people do you have working here anyway?
Shut up... We all know, that Ben Affleck did whole job.
The Enigma machine was sold commercially from 1923 onward, although there were several variants manufactured. The 1927 version was sold in the UK and USA, so its mechanism would have been known to the Allies before WW2. There was even a British version (called Typex or Type X) that was used during the war.
Not as widely known ... the most secret German communications would be encrypted twice. Once for all the radio operators and their usual two Enigma officers. And once again, when necessary, with "personal" Enigma codes known only to the commanding officer. (And even then, the messages could remain cryptic, translated by the machine into code words or phrases which carried very different meanings than their plain language.)
@@robertfitzjohn4755 What is the conclusion?
Best 20 minutes anyone could spend on the internet! Mind numbing but in a totally different way than most activities online! Thank you!
Hats off to Arthur Scherbius for making Enigma and Allan Turing for cracking it.
see also a man named Marian Rejewski, who broke the code in 1932
The enigma was broken by the polish cypher bureau led by Rejewski
@@historiamowiosobie4515 _"The enigma was broken by the polish cypher bureau led by Rejewski"_ - the _first_ Enigma machine was broken by Poland. The Germans then upgraded the machine to a newer version. Turing's team then broke the newer version, helped by the Polish intel.
Mając taką wiedzę musisz mieć dostęp do schematów co jak wygląda działa mechanicznie. Wspaniały film i kanał.
This is unambiguously the best possible description of this mechanism that could exist. You win the Internet!
One of the clearest, most well-done teaching videos I've ever seen. Your 3D modeling is extraordinary, making this highly impressive and complex machine come to life.
Yes having many years in education, IT and media content could not agree with more.
I was trying to do the math on a calculator for combo possibility on Enigma, and I gave up in the billions. Then I googled it
"Combining three rotors from a set of five, each of the 3 rotor settings with 26 positions, and the plugboard with ten pairs of letters connected, the military Enigma has 158,962,555,217,826,360,000 different settings (nearly 159 quintillion or about 67 bits)"
Then Alan Turing's machine went though all possible permutations to crack the code
@@WhiteBloggerBlackSpecs Very funny.
@@teliph3U not that's literally what happened he and his team of mathemations built what was a rudimentary computer to find the combo for the Enigma descrambling the Nazis messages
@@WhiteBloggerBlackSpecs I am not sure you know what _brute force_ means. As far as I know, they made some assumptions about some of the input. Otherwise, they would be still at it and would be for a long time. There is a reason why brute force is one of the worst possible algorithms and why cryptography is still a thing. You cannot simply brute force it most of the time. (It is still faster than trying it by hand.)
@@teliph3U Yeah, the Allies knew the flaw of the Enigma Machine, the fact that a letter cannot be itself, meaning an "A" cannot be an "A" again (which this video shows really well with the electric circuit, the keyboard with letter A pressed cannot have electricity to flow through it to turn on the lightbulb for A).
Also like you mention, they made some assumptions like the Germans always start their message with the same greetings.
I've spent some time elsewhere trying to figure out the specific mechanics of the enigma. Nothing does it better than this video.
What a nice compliment. Thank you!
Excellent presentation. Now we need a companion video explaining how the code breakers at Bletchley Park were able to break the Enigma encryption every day and read the coded messages. Often, before the German officers read them.
Well, that's easy. Some captured German soldiers and some spy(s) would have been responsible. It can never be anything else.
@@sopapion Wow, most ignorant comment I've read all day. "it can never be anything else" - astounding.
It becomes easier if you know in advance what a message might say, because then you can work in reverse.
If you know there are say 60 characters in a message followed by "heil hitler" you can start looking for the configuration that gives you that. An even bigger weakness is if you know exactly how a message starts. The Germans often opened their messages with "to x". So this kind of nullifies the greatest strength of the code: the self permutation.
Note I said easier, not easy. You still have 26 permutations per rotor multiplied by the amount of rotors both in use and not in use (because you do not know which are in use), multiplied by the number of order configurations of the rotors, multiplied by the amount of settings on the plugboard.
Now all this assumes you already have an engima machine so you figured out the way the rotors and wiring are configured internally.
The way you figure that out is by computing through brute force. Which is what the Bombe was for. Just a giant computer which had as only function running through permutations of the machine until it showed you a message that made sense.
What also helped was that the Germans has operational practices that limited the amount of options that has to be tried:
Eg. They never left the same rotors in the same position the rest of the month, no letter on the plugboard was allowed to connect to its neighbour, etc.
This and other bad/lazy practices of operators further limit options or make finding a correct option easier.
Which is what it all boils down to: limiting the problem space.
@@elonwhatever still doesnt explain how they knew what settings to use... from both the plugboard and the roters..
@@privatprivat7279 _"still doesnt explain how they knew what settings to use"_ - yes it does: _a giant computer which had as only function running through permutations of the machine until it showed you a message that made sense_
This is hands down the most intuitive explanation I’ve heard of how the Enigma Machine works. Super cool!
I am 32 years old. The Enigma Machine has always puzzled me. For the first time I fully understand how it works thanks to your amazing description and clear video. This is clearer than most museums. Amazing work as always. keep up the effort and hard work you put into your videos. fantastic man. you need to be a teacher or some kind of educator.
He already is a teacher. This is teaching now =)
Absolutely astonishing invention. What incredible innovation.
The Enigma was pure genius, as was the animation by Mr. Owen. He should get an Emmy for this.
This illustration is the most eloquent I have ever seen for the enigma device.
The enigma machine is an amazing piece of engineering, especially considering the time that it was invented. However, to crack the code was also a great achievement. So many great minds of the time
Finally, it is great to see you again jared.
Enigma machine given headache to the allied powers but thanks to United Kingdom it was finally solved.
Great video 👍🏻
Thanks harihar!
@@JaredOwen 😊 no problemo
Wasn’t just the UK
@@aphelion2164 it was Britain and sorry I accidentally wrote UK
Alan Turing saved Britain and the US from losing the war
Gran trabajo! Probablemente sea la mejor explicación audiovisual que existe sobre ésta máquina en todo el mundo. Y gracias por la traducción. No me extraña que los británicos se volvieran locos para intentar descifrar a Enigma, y hay que reconocer el gran talento del ingeniero que diseñara esta maravilla. Sencillamente esta ha sido la cosa más interesante que he aprendido hoy.
Totalmente de acuerdo
Tanto quienes la diseñaron, como quienes lograron comprender su funcionamiento...todos unos genios, lastima toda esa sabiduría no se utilice en cosas mas útiles para nuestra existencia humana.
saludos desde Malargue, sur de Mendoza Argentina.@@MBGINGENIERIA
Originalmente fue diseñada por polacos.
Coincido en todo!!
I really wish i found this video first. This was an amazing explanation. Thank you so much for making it
No wonder why it was so hard to crack the codes, there were so many details that needed to be just right every step of the way. The rotor layout, starting position, and then the plugboard configuration. Truly an encryption marvel for it's time.
Let's see, it's...
5*26*4*26*3*26 on the rotors alone, 26! for each connection on the plugboard, 26 more for the possibility of each hole not being connected, then you have to match the date so add 365 more possibilities to that... And this is if you have a working set of the machine and rotors
Cracking these in time for it to be remotely useful is humanly impossible without tools, modern computers can probably just brute-force it, spit out all the possible combinations, and filter out the gibberish to let the user choose from a small selection of highly probable correct answers, but not back then
@@ZenoDLC That's why it was cracked using human ingenuity and not brute-force attacks.
@@NavidIsANoob The Polish mathematicians gave them a head start.
Now if you explain us how Alan Turin figured out how to decrypt it you gonna be a LEGEND ! Awesome explanation btw !
Yeah, and the movie didn't helped.
it was actually quite simple:
the germans always used a set format when sending messages - position - weather - message - heil hitler.
once you know that, then the rest is easy.
oh. and getting their hands on the machine and a passbook really helped.
Didn't he get help from some Polish people?
A lot of it was done on guesswork too I believe and letters couldn't reencode as themselves
@@stevenjohnson4190 xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx
@@RoadRunnerMeep Just finished reading the Wiki entry (the process, not the machine.) Yes about the Poles in the 30's. And a 19 yo girl in the UK.
This is the best 3D animation of how does ENIGMA work ever done! You have the talent for animation but the most important - the talent to explain complicated things straightforwardly.
Я вижу одну большую проблему: пусть зашифрованный текст передаётся азбукой Морзе. Если оператор на принимающей стороне, по ошибке, нажмёт хотя бы на одну букву короче или на одну букву длиннее, т.е. если зашифрованный текст введется с "ошибочной" длиной, все эти колёсики и коды будут сдвинуты без всякой возможности "вернуться обратно". Единственный путь будет только установить все колёсики до их первоначального состояния "по бумажке". В этом случае, сообщение должно быть повторено полностью.
Это значит что канал передачи должен быть так же идеален с точки зрения "шума".
@Alex-Grek всё правильно : сначала приём на слух на бумагу , так морзянка и принимается до сих пор , а потом ввод в машинку. 60-80 знаков в минуту.
@Alex-Grek При СССР в армии была такого же типа только 10 дисков со вставками , 56 шариков и код на каждый день в спец блокнотах. Для каждого позывного свой . И блокнот общей связи.Информация шла как на перфоленте так и морзянкой . Печатали от 4 до 6 знаков в секунду и три ошибки по печатному тексту на 11 формате, для того чтобы сдать на Первый класс специалиста. Если сдавали на Мастера то 7-8 нажатий в секунду и ни одной ошибки на 11 формат печатного текста. Но это уже давно устаревший вариант механической кодировочной машины . Тогда криптостойкость сообщения , при тех ЭВМ , составляла 150 лет.( со слов преподавателей в учебке).
20 лет лучшие разведки мира пытались расшифровать цифровые радиограммы Рихарда Зорге , но безрезультатно ! А он использовал только двойное кодирование .
Enigma is truly one of the great engineering marvels. Ridiculously complicated codes from an extremely compact design, man portable and with such a complicated and convoluted, easily changed pattern that a human wouldn't be able to detect the pattern. It's extremely well made.
14:57 This was also Enigmas downfall, since it could never be the same letter that was pressed that could light up.
That simple fact allowed brute force decryption later on.
The Germans knew about that, but didn't thought it would be necessary to make a fix since brute forcing seemed like a undoable task at the time.
Nice video btw. 👍
Question - if suppose K is pressed, and if the encrypted result is also K, then how will the bulb glow, because circuit contacter is not touching so circuit is not complete. What will happen then, will it be a null output? Can anyone please clear this?
@@dracentral That's the thing, the fix is "easy" conceptual but it would require a substantial rework of the electro mechanics.
As originally build it is not possibile.
Imagine a wheel with 26 positions for the alphabet.
All that the enigma does is add or substract positions ergo rotating the wheel clock wise or counter clockwise.
But it was not possibile to add a "0".
It always had to be at least 1 position difference regardless of direction.
This is the reflectors fault, if instead you would go directly to the lamps/keys
(you would need to be able to inverse the path between those to make decryption possible) you don't have that problem.
The Enigma would have been impossible to crack *reliable* during WWII.
The reason why it was "relatively easy" to crack later in the war was because of Allan Turings computer and that the Germans send a lot of stuff in the same format e.g. the weather report, that had known words or rather phrases that made it easy to shoot out a lot of "possible cyphers" that had the same letter and the same place as the in plain text/phrase.
With this method and a bit (or lot) of luck you could crack it in a matter of hours or minutes instead of days or weeks.
@@DerSolinski *Tommy Flowers' computer. Electrical engineer Tommy Flowers built colossus WITH HIS OWN MONEY (and some from the telephone exchange dept of the post office) after his military bosses told him vacuum tubes would be too unreliable (he pointed out that they always blew when switched on, like an incandescent lightbulb, so maintenance would be easy provided you didn't switch it off too often.) If they'd done it with relays like the military bosses wanted it would have been too slow. Turing and Flowers got on but they had to deal with some short sighted idiots.
There was never a brute force Enigma decryption.
I cannot imagine how difficult was to create this amazing video. You are really great!
EXCELLENT animation. 👏👏👏👏👏
Very nice video. It would be great to mention that the Poles broke Enigma encryption, which gave the British an advantage at sea and changed the fate of WW2.
Thanks Mykeil - If I make another video I will definitely mention that
All this talk of the poles nutting this out but didn't they design a 3 wheel version that attracted little interest pre war ?
The best explanation of the Enigma machine ever! I have been trying to understand the Enigma machine for years and years. This is the only description I have seen that explains it clearly without throwing about a bunch of jargon and the mandatory "The Enigma had leventeen kajillion dillion combinations!" or some such dramatic figures while skipping over the basic structure. The 3d graphics were absolutely great!