fun fact: your main concern when putting electronics in there should not be the bit flips (you can easily reflash a bios or so) but with enough radiation you drastically lower the gate threshold voltage of the mosfets in the IC which may start to leak and misbehave. Which would also invalidate your performance/ temperature and lifetime testing. This is highly dependent on the node size and type of the IC. i wonder how many kRad they pick up during the 12h Test.
A dosimeter would be a relatively cheap way to see how much accumulation the item got. What's the normal dose when getting a few minute CT scan, a couple mSv? But then running one full tilt for that long would be interesting to see the total.
I really want to see a video where they torture test electronics to failure by gate threshold, just to see how much chips can take. It would probably be nearly infeasible to try testing a soldered chip to failure, but going through a lineup of socketed CPUs comparing how they fail under radiation would be fascinating
@@acheronhades1747 yes! I would love to see how this kind of highly integrated stuff would fail. One thing to consider is that unpowered chips can withstand a lot more than powered (biased) chips. Im not an expert myself but our radiation expert at work explained it a bit like the radiation is weakening the oxide layer of the Mosfet and with a higher voltage the atoms can be easily knocked out of place. There are special radiation tolerant chips that cost a fortune.
One of my best friends from high school (Kevin Cedrone) is the Co-Founder and Lead Researcher at Lumafield. He is/was a brilliant guy who used his intellectual gifts to achieve some amazing things. Not bad for a guy from Malton, Ontario who went to one of the worst high schools in the region (Turner Fenton - we were all trucked there for the gifted program). Haven't talked to him in ages, but I'm very proud of him.
As an orthopedic surgeon I use CT imaging basically daily. I can understand your almost child-like amazement. The first time I saw terrarecon about 20 years ago do on the fly reconstruction of CT imaging I was similarly amazed. Now I use intra-operative fluoro CT (medtronic O-arm, and Globus E3D) almost every day for 3D imaging to robotically assist screw placement for spine surgery. Fun fact: CT scanners used to take forever to get an image series done because the amount of processing power to reconstruct the images was too much for the computers of the time. With increasing slice counts on the scanners, and faster processing it now takes mere seconds to scan an entire person. An MRI, by contrast, works by inducing spin in the protons in the water of the material, and the image is taken after a certain specified amount of time after the spin is induced. That time you wait to take the image is a property of which type of MRI sequence you are trying to obtain. That time you need to wait is a property of the physics whereby the image is produced and cannot be sped up.
My uncle worked at EMI Central Research Laboratories UK where the first CT scanner (or EMI Scanner as it used to be) was produced in late 1960s. With the early machines the entire process took days to complete lol as the scanner required many hours to obtain the raw data for a single scan and a few more days were needed to reconstruct an image from the data.
Do these machine scan using just one frequency or can you change the density visualization of a scan? I've had a couple CT scans done in the last 3 years and can only see one density level on the data I requested. BTW super cool to see a slice by slice of your brain or other parts of you body. The tech improvements compared to 10 years ago is massive (had a CT scan done of my brain then too).
You should scan a Video 8 / Hi8 home video camera/camcorder. They have HUNDREDS of mechanical parts packed into a tiny form factor since they are essentially tiny VCR's. The engineering behind these tiny devices with so many tiny intricate moving parts has always blown my mind, would LOVE to see one scanned!
As someone that works in Industrial X-Ray CT - it NEVER gets old!! P.S. the carbon fibre is just a protector for the actual detector - it’s much cheaper to replace a scratched carbon fibre plate than it is the detector!
He said in he video that the detector is simply a visible light camera sensor, not a native x-ray detector and the piece is supposed to turn the x-ray into visible light. Am I missing something here? And if it works like how Linus said it works, how is a piece of carbon fiber supposed to work optically to shift the wavelength of photons? I'm guessing the scintillator is not the carbon fiber but a sheet of some sort of heavy element that kinda acts like a reusable film that the visible light camera then take pictures of? But I don't see how this can produce enough visible light to be captured by a normal camera sensor, so is it just a big ass silicon stuck directly onto it? Or is that not how a scintillator works?
@@dwirandypradhika6752 You completely understand the physics, but the "scintillator" does that job, not the carbon fiber; there is just a carbon fiber panel in the way to protect the more expensive panel underneath. There isn't any fancy "wavelength shifting" going on, it's just that he scintillator is a material which glows when it absorbs x-rays---i.e. emits visible light---which of course is enough.
@@dwirandypradhika6752 the scintillator is a crystal structure (normally caesium- CsI:Ti - or Gadox for the detectors I use), that absorbs the X-ray photon. This excites the lattice temporarily, and when it de-excites it releases lower energy photons. Behind the scintillator is effectively a large camera that detects that light (the ones I use are 2000-3000 pixels each side, so 4-9 million pixels total; but I suspect the detector they’re using has less pixels since 900 images is on the low end of what I use since I’m used to ~4500 images for a single scan. Looking at the data sheet Linus showed the Lumafield source they have is somewhat low power (300uA max current) but that means they don’t need as much lead, so keeps its cheaper and moveable, whereas the company I work for aims at getting finer features (and has sources that can get upto 5+ times that current while still keeping sharp-ish images (which is all relative)), but unfortunately the price tag is anywhere from 100-200k all the way up to 1-2 million for the top end system (think lead lined room). I’ve done scans as quick as 30 seconds (didn’t need fine detail), and as long as 70 hours (on a 2+ metre car part)
One of my clients had a CT scanner significantly larger than this. I urged them to started making social media content with it to help build brand awarenessand pivot from production to testing... They have since downsized to a fraction of their old company size and will likely be closing soon. Engineers are numb to how cool their own tech is, CTs are sick af!
I worked IT support for a radiation oncology place, and these machines are always fun to play with, I never got to deep obviously but the cross work with doctors and techs was amazing fun to learn. "Do not fear radiation, respect it, understand it, and use it for good"
I worked in an electronics failure analysis lab in college and we had a manual version of this machine, and it was already a bit old when I started working there. We would mount an object on either a plate or in a gripper and then manipulate it with joysticks in three dimensions over an x-ray projector. We could snap pictures of solder joints, BGA chips, and such for clients. It was great non destructive testing and it's really cool seeing the automated version of this in action now.
Australian here 👋 we use these in our Airports.. I was a an operator in an international airport for a while. Amazing to see how advanced ours are. What took this scanner hours takes our machines seconds.. granted ours costs an undisclosed amount of millions of dollars lol. Was a really cool job and got to see some funky things
The thumbnail and nondescript title had me thinking this video was gonna be about some horrific and unethical AR headset that uses ionizing radiation on whatever or whoever you point it at so you can see through the world around you like a CT scan
@@PointingLasersAtAircraftRemember that "xray camera" joke app? There's always a demand for such things (also some old phone cameras could be modified so it can capture through some fabrics)
I wouldn't be surprised if this video actually moves several units for Lumafield. I'm sure there are companies out there who would love to do a 1-year trial run with this thing.
@@littlejack59 most large volume printers are leased. also other machinery in companies. if the maintenance and service is included this is not very expensive. this is a high end product. maybe you also get a newer version when they release one. I understand your concern but sometimes leasing a machine makes sense.
Hi there, nuclear engineer here. I find the claim at 9:05. There is something called Gamma activation. That is where ionizing photos are able to, in short, MAKE things radioactive. Now the levels would be fairly low but it renders the aforementioned claim false. If you have a Geiger Muller detector available I'd measure the chamber and the object within before and after a long scan to either confirm this or prove me wrong.
Industrial Maintenance Technician here... yeah id get a Geiger i remember when our xray for checking parts started making parts radioactive... not bad just concerning
I have learned of this phenomonon from TH-camrs... and was suspecting something like this when it was mentioned, but obviously do not have the background to say s***. (I am a corporate IT support) I am glad a member of the community clarified this, thank you!
You want a flex? Fine... Remember that video of a guy launching himself over the Judge's bench in a courtroom, sending judge, security, flags and so on flying? I put that in a nuclear physics lecture for post grads. Alongside screaming goats. I've taught nuclear physics to medically type people with memes. Now that is a flex I am proud of. (I shouldn't be)
I've visited Lumafield's office in San Francisco, great team to meet and ask questions. Their solution is very innovative for what it does, especially when it doesn't need an industrial X-Ray tech on staff. I'm told they do work with aerospace and defense contractors, so I might actually meet an aerospace engineer ("Rocket scientist") there next time. I could see this used for QA checks of completed assemblies, where an incorrectly assembled part in say a Fuel Control Unit in the engine of an F-16 could cause a $30m jet to crash, and has at least once. One disappointment when I visited their office, I only met a neurosurgeon there, and no rocket scientists there.
This is one of the best LTT videos ever. So far beyond what any other tech show is doing, not just something you can order on Amazon but lots of obviously useful applications.
As a CT scientist working at a synchrotron (but also having experience with lab machines), I really want to applaud this video. You did great explaining things in a very short time. Sure there's a few inaccuracies, but overall this is a fantastic video, great job!
13:21 This is actually the *Pantheon, not the Colosseum!* Fun fact: It has the largest unreinforced concrete dome in the entire world, which is especially impressive for a building from 125 AD.
@@MaverickBlue42 That's just not true. Roman concrete is just a general term for concrete that uses volcanic ash in it's composition. Concrete is not a single material, they're probably thousands of variations, depending of application.
I used to work at a place that had an X-ray machine. I would mostly use it to examine PCBs, particularly BGA and no-foot components. It was also helpful for inspecting different layers of a PCB to identify any broken traces. The machine was quite old and kept in a lead glass case with pan and tilt functionality. I may have also used it to examine my cell phone and other electronic devices. I also helped move it. It was extramly heavy.
Videos like this show that LTT could have a side hustle in creating overview content for tutorials and possibly tutorials themselves. This is more ethical than ads, even, as they aren't pushing the product, they are making sure the user can take full advantage of the product.
Thanks for the explanation on what it does. I've seen Adam Savage use Lumafield to have many things imaged, but they've never gone into wavelength of the x-ray beam or any of the other details. Tested always handed off a thing to Lumafield and then came back to talk about the scans of the thing. This was a good overview of the machine making the scan. Thanks a lot!
I mean its cause humans need to minimize their xray exposure. We could get that kind of resolution on people if we didn't care about blasting them with that much xray.
I know these machines. They have a electronic lock that will activate bevor the X ray tube does However in case you wanted to you could circumvent it I’m sure… but yeha you can do harm with manny things
For systems even without an electronic locking system, the ones I use have an overlap between the door and the wall of the system, such that if you are a muppet and open the door mid-scan the x-rays (which are electrically generated, not from a radioactive source) are turned off before you get a clear path to the inside of the system 😊
subscriptions for equipment like this are standard. you don't want to buy them outright, you get a managed service contract that includes field service engineers and parts because even the parts you might need for it might be 5 figures and engineers can swap a few of them out at a time when troubleshooting. We could easily employ several of our own engineers for less than the total of just their engineer fees, but then we would have to pay for the parts outright each time.
I worked in a research lab that used CT daily. I just want to point out that beam hardening can be corrected via software as well. In fact, all your reconstruction work can be done without their software if you are able to obtain the DICOM file for the projection images (i.e. the many 2D xray images) and there are free/open-source software to view the reconstructed images as slices and as 3D models. The main problem you will run into when you do this is the mapping of HU value (standard unit used in measuring attenuation of the scanned material on a human CT) to specific materials. There might be "phantoms" available for purchase that will be able to help you do this mapping though.
I love your attention to detail on these more physically/technically challenging topics! LTT just nails explanations, even though as a consumer technology media company that is no given! Had full lectures on beamhardening and you just nail the summary...
I'd like to see you buy a bunch of broken Nintendo Switches or other standardized electronic devices, take a scan of a working one, and then see if you could fix them based on the scans. If they included a compare and contrast mode with this software this could be amazing for diagnosing things like bad solder joints, a bad conductor, or other hard to see components.
With what he's said about gpu farms and machine vision, that sort of thing sounds entirely possible. It would be having the expertise on staff that may have more bearing on it. I'm sure at a glance someone could spot a blown capacitor or maybe a shorted rail. Would be pretty amazing if someone like a Louis Rossmann could detect why a pp3v42 is only at 2.4v just by finding a short to ground etc.
@@benwu7980 in an open GPU I can see that, but in a switch it would require disassembly and inspection on each unit. I think it's easier to toss a unit in, start a scan, walk away, and come back later to see. oh, I wonder if it could do multiple items at once and if an algorithm could be run to autodetect major differences?
@@heroofnone I would doubt that multiple items would work out too well due to focus and the axial issues. With their 3d printing capabilities, I could envision a really nice mold that sits on the plinth (or overlaps it )and have it cradle a device near perfectly. Then set up the machine to have a preset for that particular device. Unsure of the idea of side by side comparisons since the software is cloud based, but I'd be hopeful.
This entire thing is an advertisement yet they failed to indicate that (like a bunch of other large channels). If they received a single penny off the price of that machine, or is just on loan, it's considered sponsorship under the law. The constant name dropping makes it obvious and "truth in advertising laws" are clear on this.
oh my that plug into your (first) sponsor was GENIUS. i was actually on the edge of my seat. i usually skip ahead but this was so creative i let it play through
Having used CT scanners in a variety of engineering contexts I can confidently say they offer some of the coolest "oh snap" experiences! Looking forward to seeing what LTT does with theirs :)
Very cool video, keep the lab content coming! One fun side project use for this machine would be scanning electronics that have been sealed by the vendor with black epoxy - typically done to obfuscate the type of ICs used in their products. Things like "audiophile" amplifiers or filters, certain development PCBs, knockoff/counterfeit electronics or similar. You could also scan processors to inspect the type, density and dimensions of thermal interface material used between the die and heat spreader without initial destructive inspection.
Wow - super interesting video! I didn't know you could actually get a CT scanner for as "little" as 75k per year... Regarding what to scan: It'd be amazing to scan an Arctic firetruck... you know... the legendary one 🙂
Tbh it would be very neat if tech companies had these scans as part of their product overviews imagine going to buy a new phone or something and you see the whole X-Ray of the thing before you buy it that would be so cool
Seeing it as part of LTT sponsor spots while they have the machine would also be neat. LMG's attempts to promote more reputable sponsors would go further if physical goods like the sponsor of this video had a view of the inside to backup any claims made about the product.
Thanks for showing some of the controls and ways of operating such a full-on machine for a layperson. No way (and no reason) for me to ever get my hands on one or learn, but it’s SO COOL and really neat to get a glimpse behind the curtain (or behind the lead shielding) anyway.
Love videos like these that show something that most people wouldn't know too much about, showcases cool uses and teaches about real-life scenarios, awesome !
As a medicalphysicist, i can Tell you, your explanation, where nearly on point for such a short video compared to the complexity of the topic! Very good!
Pretty amazing! So I read about some of the very early CAT scans used in a hospital -- something like 1978 or 1979. They had a DEC VAX upgraded from the base 1MB to either 4 or 8MB (which I think the RAM alone cost about $100,000). The scan took a regular amount of time, but they had to take a guess where the brain tumor was to tell the computer what slices to make. It took overnight (like 8-12 hours) to calculate *4* slices and luckily they caught it in their slices. This being able to do a full 3D scan and just roll through the slices is pretty amazing.
Yeah, I fly drones that cost 30k for a living, using subscription software that costs our customers 5 figures a year on top of labor and equipment costs. Different companies use those same drones and throw lidar sensors on them that can cost 100k. Industrial equipment is a whole other world, and I expected this to cost far more.
@@loweflyer7778 I work on the tech side of legal research and one of the things I do is discovery management. The document database software we use is the cheapest offering available, and it’s many thousands of dollars a year. We looked into other offerings in the space that would satisfy our needs, but the cloud based offerings (and they’re almost all cloud based these days) who will host the files and databases for you, will only do so at an average of roughly $50/month/GB stored. ONE of my discovery databases is 2.5 TB of documents meaning It would cost us $125k PER MONTH to host it if we used those services. And people wonder why either the plaintiffs don’t see as much of their settlements as one would hope or that their lawyers are using such antiquated computer software.
Shipping is a barrier of acceptance of your products. I bought an LTT desk mat and shipping added a premium to the product. You need an American distribution center. I would like to buy more products but after my first purchase, I don't think I can justify the premium when I can get similar products without the extra costs. I love the videos keep it up.
This is so neat! Definitely one of those wishlist items that you could put on an "Impossible List". As for a recommendation, how about a high-quality mechanical watch/timepiece? There's a lot of clockwork mechanisms that might be interesting to see.
I’ve been wanting this technology for so long it would be wonderful to be able to scan an engine or a carburetor or a power supply basically anything and detect problems with it without even taking it apart as well as see if there are design flaws without taking it apart. This would be super easy to spot defects.
Here is an idea for a video. Can this thing see the thermal paste application? This might put an end on the whole discussion of peas, Xs, lines, quantity and whatever other variables are discussed on the topic.
Are you guys using ionising radiation monitors for staff that work near the CT scanner? to ensure everyone is safe from Xray exposure. They do it in hospitals for staff that work in radiology departments
Hospital x-ray and CT machines aren't encased in lead like this is though. They're open-air because they can't just stuff the whole patient inside and close the door.
This is what we actually use in our clinic to prepare for complex brain surgeries, especially when we have to pin point a rumour and its surrounding tissue types. We even use the created 3D model from the CT to 3D print perfectly fitting guides for tools or needles which need to be angled in certain positions.
Super cool tech. Minor correction: Monochromatic x-rays do not require a synchrotron. You simply need collimator and filters to select for a single wavelength. I do this all the time with an X-ray diffractometer.
I've studied biomedical engineering and we had something similar a bit larger called Zeiss Metrotom, costs about 1M euro at the time we used it for our bakalar and master thesis but also outside companies like automotive and other industries were sending some pieces to scan it (for a price of course) those machines are super awesome and useful can find a lot of issues before going to mass production
It's been cool watching the software democratize access to industrial CT machines like this. Every time the price drops, accessibility goes up and more niche applications solve otherwise intractable problems (like the Herculium scrolls).
Physics student working with x-rays here. You don't need a synchrotron or linear accelerator to get monochromatic x-rays. You can just add a monochromator to your regular x-ray source but you lose some energy and it obviously adds more complexity to your system.
we have a similar GE scanner (Phoenix 5 Tome XM), she cost a cool $780,000 at time of purchase. so I guess if you're going to use it for ~10 years (minus some losses from repairs and staffing as mentioned) then this could be a good deal.
Now this makes all the labs talk worth it. It would be super cool to be able to have these on the site to rotate. Or something like a subscription to do it lol
Absolutely fascinating how this Neptune CT scanner can provide such detailed views of these devices without actually taking them apart. The possibilities for its uses are practically limitless.
On tested they checked what cheap electronics that looklike good brands to see what is in each, was really good for cables to see if they are lying about connections inside
I use one of these LumaField Neptune systems at my work. Super cool system but somewhat limited when getting into super small stuff; even with the smallest ROIs. It's really fun to mess around with and is extremely helpful with root causing issues without needing to take apart the sample.
I doubt you're seeing the air around the controller, what you are likely seeing is scatter radiation that bounces off of objects. (I've worked in x-ray imaging in healthcare for about 26 years now.) And yes, it is always interesting. Good job explaining the basics of x-ray imaging. We have some expensive high end CTs now that don't need a scintillator and can count the photons directly without converting them to light. Filters are widely used in mammography imaging as well, to optimize the beam for imaging soft breast tissue. Actually this tech with the rotating filter is a lot how mammography works.
Casetify gonna take screenshots of the video to use in their new skins and cases.
lmao. oh-crap. seriously chortling here. Nice one. Also...it's funny 'cause it's true.
ruh roh 💀
😂
caseify will start coning human trials without copyright
Lmfaooooo dawg under rated comment 😂😂
fun fact: your main concern when putting electronics in there should not be the bit flips (you can easily reflash a bios or so) but with enough radiation you drastically lower the gate threshold voltage of the mosfets in the IC which may start to leak and misbehave. Which would also invalidate your performance/ temperature and lifetime testing. This is highly dependent on the node size and type of the IC. i wonder how many kRad they pick up during the 12h Test.
Fascinating insight
A dosimeter would be a relatively cheap way to see how much accumulation the item got. What's the normal dose when getting a few minute CT scan, a couple mSv? But then running one full tilt for that long would be interesting to see the total.
I really want to see a video where they torture test electronics to failure by gate threshold, just to see how much chips can take. It would probably be nearly infeasible to try testing a soldered chip to failure, but going through a lineup of socketed CPUs comparing how they fail under radiation would be fascinating
@@acheronhades1747 yes! I would love to see how this kind of highly integrated stuff would fail. One thing to consider is that unpowered chips can withstand a lot more than powered (biased) chips. Im not an expert myself but our radiation expert at work explained it a bit like the radiation is weakening the oxide layer of the Mosfet and with a higher voltage the atoms can be easily knocked out of place. There are special radiation tolerant chips that cost a fortune.
Wouldn't this be dependent on the energy level of the ionizing radiation?
One of my best friends from high school (Kevin Cedrone) is the Co-Founder and Lead Researcher at Lumafield. He is/was a brilliant guy who used his intellectual gifts to achieve some amazing things. Not bad for a guy from Malton, Ontario who went to one of the worst high schools in the region (Turner Fenton - we were all trucked there for the gifted program). Haven't talked to him in ages, but I'm very proud of him.
As an orthopedic surgeon I use CT imaging basically daily. I can understand your almost child-like amazement. The first time I saw terrarecon about 20 years ago do on the fly reconstruction of CT imaging I was similarly amazed. Now I use intra-operative fluoro CT (medtronic O-arm, and Globus E3D) almost every day for 3D imaging to robotically assist screw placement for spine surgery.
Fun fact: CT scanners used to take forever to get an image series done because the amount of processing power to reconstruct the images was too much for the computers of the time. With increasing slice counts on the scanners, and faster processing it now takes mere seconds to scan an entire person.
An MRI, by contrast, works by inducing spin in the protons in the water of the material, and the image is taken after a certain specified amount of time after the spin is induced. That time you wait to take the image is a property of which type of MRI sequence you are trying to obtain. That time you need to wait is a property of the physics whereby the image is produced and cannot be sped up.
My uncle worked at EMI Central Research Laboratories UK where the first CT scanner (or EMI Scanner as it used to be) was produced in late 1960s. With the early machines the entire process took days to complete lol as the scanner required many hours to obtain the raw data for a single scan and a few more days were needed to reconstruct an image from the data.
Do these machine scan using just one frequency or can you change the density visualization of a scan? I've had a couple CT scans done in the last 3 years and can only see one density level on the data I requested. BTW super cool to see a slice by slice of your brain or other parts of you body. The tech improvements compared to 10 years ago is massive (had a CT scan done of my brain then too).
I thought fluoroscopy was X-ray imaging ?
So you use a combo of CT and X-ray imaging in real time ?
@@thebestevertherewas CT still uses X-rays
Superpower. 👍
You should scan a Video 8 / Hi8 home video camera/camcorder. They have HUNDREDS of mechanical parts packed into a tiny form factor since they are essentially tiny VCR's. The engineering behind these tiny devices with so many tiny intricate moving parts has always blown my mind, would LOVE to see one scanned!
As someone that works in Industrial X-Ray CT - it NEVER gets old!!
P.S. the carbon fibre is just a protector for the actual detector - it’s much cheaper to replace a scratched carbon fibre plate than it is the detector!
Someone didn't want Linus taking it off to show the detector :P
If it stays attached he can’t drop it, right? 😅
He said in he video that the detector is simply a visible light camera sensor, not a native x-ray detector and the piece is supposed to turn the x-ray into visible light.
Am I missing something here? And if it works like how Linus said it works, how is a piece of carbon fiber supposed to work optically to shift the wavelength of photons?
I'm guessing the scintillator is not the carbon fiber but a sheet of some sort of heavy element that kinda acts like a reusable film that the visible light camera then take pictures of? But I don't see how this can produce enough visible light to be captured by a normal camera sensor, so is it just a big ass silicon stuck directly onto it? Or is that not how a scintillator works?
@@dwirandypradhika6752 You completely understand the physics, but the "scintillator" does that job, not the carbon fiber; there is just a carbon fiber panel in the way to protect the more expensive panel underneath. There isn't any fancy "wavelength shifting" going on, it's just that he scintillator is a material which glows when it absorbs x-rays---i.e. emits visible light---which of course is enough.
@@dwirandypradhika6752 the scintillator is a crystal structure (normally caesium- CsI:Ti - or Gadox for the detectors I use), that absorbs the X-ray photon. This excites the lattice temporarily, and when it de-excites it releases lower energy photons.
Behind the scintillator is effectively a large camera that detects that light (the ones I use are 2000-3000 pixels each side, so 4-9 million pixels total; but I suspect the detector they’re using has less pixels since 900 images is on the low end of what I use since I’m used to ~4500 images for a single scan.
Looking at the data sheet Linus showed the Lumafield source they have is somewhat low power (300uA max current) but that means they don’t need as much lead, so keeps its cheaper and moveable, whereas the company I work for aims at getting finer features (and has sources that can get upto 5+ times that current while still keeping sharp-ish images (which is all relative)), but unfortunately the price tag is anywhere from 100-200k all the way up to 1-2 million for the top end system (think lead lined room). I’ve done scans as quick as 30 seconds (didn’t need fine detail), and as long as 70 hours (on a 2+ metre car part)
One of my clients had a CT scanner significantly larger than this. I urged them to started making social media content with it to help build brand awarenessand pivot from production to testing...
They have since downsized to a fraction of their old company size and will likely be closing soon. Engineers are numb to how cool their own tech is, CTs are sick af!
As a CT Radiologic Technologist, I am happy by how much Linus was fascinated about a technology I use every day.
Absolutely, same here
as a Rad Pro Tech, it was nice to see someone not fear monger radiation but explain that it is safe when controlled right.
I worked IT support for a radiation oncology place, and these machines are always fun to play with, I never got to deep obviously but the cross work with doctors and techs was amazing fun to learn.
"Do not fear radiation, respect it, understand it, and use it for good"
Quick question, is there a risk on you of radiation exposure? Or even Medical radiologist ?
To be fair, it's an absolute marvel of modern technology and medicine, especially when you know how it works on a deeper level.
I worked in an electronics failure analysis lab in college and we had a manual version of this machine, and it was already a bit old when I started working there. We would mount an object on either a plate or in a gripper and then manipulate it with joysticks in three dimensions over an x-ray projector. We could snap pictures of solder joints, BGA chips, and such for clients. It was great non destructive testing and it's really cool seeing the automated version of this in action now.
Australian here 👋 we use these in our Airports.. I was a an operator in an international airport for a while. Amazing to see how advanced ours are. What took this scanner hours takes our machines seconds.. granted ours costs an undisclosed amount of millions of dollars lol. Was a really cool job and got to see some funky things
And it only takes one or two pictures, instead of a full 360°
@@asdfxcy our ones here do take a 360 scan and then construct a 3D image to be viewed. It's pretty damn cool!
The thumbnail and nondescript title had me thinking this video was gonna be about some horrific and unethical AR headset that uses ionizing radiation on whatever or whoever you point it at so you can see through the world around you like a CT scan
So you're saying there's a demand for this product?
@@PointingLasersAtAircraftRemember that "xray camera" joke app? There's always a demand for such things (also some old phone cameras could be modified so it can capture through some fabrics)
same brother
@@saiv46 Do you mean the oneplus 9 pro that had its camera disabled after like 3 weeks because people used to see through womens clothes?
Oneplus 8 had one of those cameras
I wouldn't be surprised if this video actually moves several units for Lumafield. I'm sure there are companies out there who would love to do a 1-year trial run with this thing.
I wonder how many referrals Linus would need to get the machine subscription for free, if they would even do that haha.
@@littlejack59 most large volume printers are leased. also other machinery in companies. if the maintenance and service is included this is not very expensive. this is a high end product. maybe you also get a newer version when they release one.
I understand your concern but sometimes leasing a machine makes sense.
Like Chinese companies?
@@littlejack59 That was also an option but in this case it worked better for LMG to use the subscription service for themselves.
You couldn't get a better advertisement than linus for this kind of product.
Hi there, nuclear engineer here. I find the claim at 9:05. There is something called Gamma activation. That is where ionizing photos are able to, in short, MAKE things radioactive. Now the levels would be fairly low but it renders the aforementioned claim false. If you have a Geiger Muller detector available I'd measure the chamber and the object within before and after a long scan to either confirm this or prove me wrong.
I was also thinking about this, but I wondered to what degree it'd be dependent on material and isotope
Industrial Maintenance Technician here... yeah id get a Geiger i remember when our xray for checking parts started making parts radioactive... not bad just concerning
what a flex to be able to start a comment with "nuclear engineer here"
I have learned of this phenomonon from TH-camrs... and was suspecting something like this when it was mentioned, but obviously do not have the background to say s***. (I am a corporate IT support) I am glad a member of the community clarified this, thank you!
You want a flex? Fine... Remember that video of a guy launching himself over the Judge's bench in a courtroom, sending judge, security, flags and so on flying? I put that in a nuclear physics lecture for post grads. Alongside screaming goats. I've taught nuclear physics to medically type people with memes.
Now that is a flex I am proud of.
(I shouldn't be)
I've visited Lumafield's office in San Francisco, great team to meet and ask questions. Their solution is very innovative for what it does, especially when it doesn't need an industrial X-Ray tech on staff.
I'm told they do work with aerospace and defense contractors, so I might actually meet an aerospace engineer ("Rocket scientist") there next time. I could see this used for QA checks of completed assemblies, where an incorrectly assembled part in say a Fuel Control Unit in the engine of an F-16 could cause a $30m jet to crash, and has at least once.
One disappointment when I visited their office, I only met a neurosurgeon there, and no rocket scientists there.
This is one of the best LTT videos ever. So far beyond what any other tech show is doing, not just something you can order on Amazon but lots of obviously useful applications.
It’s so cool to see the radiation fly through the sensor of the interior camera 8:30 (the little white specks you see flashing)
As a CT scientist working at a synchrotron (but also having experience with lab machines), I really want to applaud this video. You did great explaining things in a very short time.
Sure there's a few inaccuracies, but overall this is a fantastic video, great job!
The information density and clarify is outstanding. Well done to the writers and Linus.
13:21 This is actually the *Pantheon, not the Colosseum!*
Fun fact: It has the largest unreinforced concrete dome in the entire world, which is especially impressive for a building from 125 AD.
The Romans knew how to make concrete, modern engineers still haven't figured out the Roman recipe or reproduced it.....
@@MaverickBlue42didnt they already did?
@@MaverickBlue42 That's just not true. Roman concrete is just a general term for concrete that uses volcanic ash in it's composition. Concrete is not a single material, they're probably thousands of variations, depending of application.
Yeah, they should google or duckduckgo it next time hehehe. Love you linus('s writers)
@@MaverickBlue42 We figured it out around January of last year, the secret was quick lime
I used to work at a place that had an X-ray machine. I would mostly use it to examine PCBs, particularly BGA and no-foot components. It was also helpful for inspecting different layers of a PCB to identify any broken traces. The machine was quite old and kept in a lead glass case with pan and tilt functionality. I may have also used it to examine my cell phone and other electronic devices. I also helped move it. It was extramly heavy.
This is by far, one of the coolest vids LTT has done, all time. The CT scanner is really amazing, and can't wait to see what's next
Videos like this show that LTT could have a side hustle in creating overview content for tutorials and possibly tutorials themselves. This is more ethical than ads, even, as they aren't pushing the product, they are making sure the user can take full advantage of the product.
I have actually seen ads here on TH-cam for LMG so I'm guessing they already do.
They've done that in the past, source: Linus - said that at some point
lol. That piece of carbon fiber is actually the outside shell of your digital flat panel detector. The scintillator is likely Cesium Iodide. :)
Gos is way cheaper than CsI.
Pretty sure that "colosseum" at 13:20 is Pantheon.
The application of how it’s used was super cool to see. 14:23
I love particle physics and often look at cool things involved with this, amazing twist of content. Thx LTT
Thanks for the explanation on what it does. I've seen Adam Savage use Lumafield to have many things imaged, but they've never gone into wavelength of the x-ray beam or any of the other details. Tested always handed off a thing to Lumafield and then came back to talk about the scans of the thing. This was a good overview of the machine making the scan. Thanks a lot!
WOAH that's some high resolution CT scan woah, that vr set is getting better healthcare than most people
truly an american moment
I mean its cause humans need to minimize their xray exposure. We could get that kind of resolution on people if we didn't care about blasting them with that much xray.
But they are in CaNAdA
I'm American, I got good health care, deal with it
*most Americans
Lots of lead, but that door not "clicking" when closing it gives me chills...
No I felt the same, I was convinced it didn’t even close properly the first time
I know these machines. They have a electronic lock that will activate bevor the X ray tube does
However in case you wanted to you could circumvent it I’m sure… but yeha you can do harm with manny things
For systems even without an electronic locking system, the ones I use have an overlap between the door and the wall of the system, such that if you are a muppet and open the door mid-scan the x-rays (which are electrically generated, not from a radioactive source) are turned off before you get a clear path to the inside of the system 😊
subscriptions for equipment like this are standard. you don't want to buy them outright, you get a managed service contract that includes field service engineers and parts because even the parts you might need for it might be 5 figures and engineers can swap a few of them out at a time when troubleshooting.
We could easily employ several of our own engineers for less than the total of just their engineer fees, but then we would have to pay for the parts outright each time.
I worked in a research lab that used CT daily. I just want to point out that beam hardening can be corrected via software as well. In fact, all your reconstruction work can be done without their software if you are able to obtain the DICOM file for the projection images (i.e. the many 2D xray images) and there are free/open-source software to view the reconstructed images as slices and as 3D models.
The main problem you will run into when you do this is the mapping of HU value (standard unit used in measuring attenuation of the scanned material on a human CT) to specific materials. There might be "phantoms" available for purchase that will be able to help you do this mapping though.
I love your attention to detail on these more physically/technically challenging topics! LTT just nails explanations, even though as a consumer technology media company that is no given!
Had full lectures on beamhardening and you just nail the summary...
I'd like to see you buy a bunch of broken Nintendo Switches or other standardized electronic devices, take a scan of a working one, and then see if you could fix them based on the scans.
If they included a compare and contrast mode with this software this could be amazing for diagnosing things like bad solder joints, a bad conductor, or other hard to see components.
With what he's said about gpu farms and machine vision, that sort of thing sounds entirely possible. It would be having the expertise on staff that may have more bearing on it. I'm sure at a glance someone could spot a blown capacitor or maybe a shorted rail.
Would be pretty amazing if someone like a Louis Rossmann could detect why a pp3v42 is only at 2.4v just by finding a short to ground etc.
@@benwu7980 in an open GPU I can see that, but in a switch it would require disassembly and inspection on each unit. I think it's easier to toss a unit in, start a scan, walk away, and come back later to see.
oh, I wonder if it could do multiple items at once and if an algorithm could be run to autodetect major differences?
@@heroofnone I would doubt that multiple items would work out too well due to focus and the axial issues.
With their 3d printing capabilities, I could envision a really nice mold that sits on the plinth (or overlaps it )and have it cradle a device near perfectly. Then set up the machine to have a preset for that particular device. Unsure of the idea of side by side comparisons since the software is cloud based, but I'd be hopeful.
This thing sounds just as cool as it actually is, and that's not a promise that is usually kept
First piece of test equipment in the lab I’ve been excited for. I hope you guys keep it for a while!
I was thinking about these machines when they were setting up the lab because of Tested's videos with Lumafield. I'm so glad they made this happen!
This reminds me of a neat undergrad lab experiment where we did a CT scan of a part using a weak radioactive sample, a detector, and a CNC platform.
The sponsor segments keep getting more creative 😂
Perfection. Just… Perfection.
yep, for first time i didnt see it coming
This entire thing is an advertisement yet they failed to indicate that (like a bunch of other large channels). If they received a single penny off the price of that machine, or is just on loan, it's considered sponsorship under the law. The constant name dropping makes it obvious and "truth in advertising laws" are clear on this.
@@mattgayda2840 if you watched the video you would had very clearly heard linus said the machine was lent to them... 0:16
I really enjoyed this sponsor spot too
Man, crushing floral foam is one of the most satisfying feelings ever invented.
sets me off like a nail file, ehhughh. worse than nails on a chalk board.
Did you mean fillings
oh my that plug into your (first) sponsor was GENIUS. i was actually on the edge of my seat. i usually skip ahead but this was so creative i let it play through
Having used CT scanners in a variety of engineering contexts I can confidently say they offer some of the coolest "oh snap" experiences! Looking forward to seeing what LTT does with theirs :)
Very cool video, keep the lab content coming! One fun side project use for this machine would be scanning electronics that have been sealed by the vendor with black epoxy - typically done to obfuscate the type of ICs used in their products. Things like "audiophile" amplifiers or filters, certain development PCBs, knockoff/counterfeit electronics or similar. You could also scan processors to inspect the type, density and dimensions of thermal interface material used between the die and heat spreader without initial destructive inspection.
Wow - super interesting video! I didn't know you could actually get a CT scanner for as "little" as 75k per year...
Regarding what to scan: It'd be amazing to scan an Arctic firetruck... you know... the legendary one 🙂
Tbh it would be very neat if tech companies had these scans as part of their product overviews imagine going to buy a new phone or something and you see the whole X-Ray of the thing before you buy it that would be so cool
Seeing it as part of LTT sponsor spots while they have the machine would also be neat. LMG's attempts to promote more reputable sponsors would go further if physical goods like the sponsor of this video had a view of the inside to backup any claims made about the product.
Thanks for showing some of the controls and ways of operating such a full-on machine for a layperson. No way (and no reason) for me to ever get my hands on one or learn, but it’s SO COOL and really neat to get a glimpse behind the curtain (or behind the lead shielding) anyway.
Finally, I feel Linus Tech Tips is getting to its TRUE potential. Talking about Technology and not just Tech in general for us computer geeks/nerds.
Love videos like these that show something that most people wouldn't know too much about, showcases cool uses and teaches about real-life scenarios, awesome !
These scans can produce amazing wallpapers
2:07 Man i need me some of those Gramma rays
Saw it too
11:45 - "Basic principals" as well
As a medicalphysicist, i can Tell you, your explanation, where nearly on point for such a short video compared to the complexity of the topic! Very good!
Pretty amazing! So I read about some of the very early CAT scans used in a hospital -- something like 1978 or 1979. They had a DEC VAX upgraded from the base 1MB to either 4 or 8MB (which I think the RAM alone cost about $100,000). The scan took a regular amount of time, but they had to take a guess where the brain tumor was to tell the computer what slices to make. It took overnight (like 8-12 hours) to calculate *4* slices and luckily they caught it in their slices.
This being able to do a full 3D scan and just roll through the slices is pretty amazing.
Man, I keep forgetting how much I am from a different world of equipment because I heard “$75k a year” and went “Goddamn that’s cheap” 🤣🤣🤣
meanwhile for my department getting 15 rasperry pi and some decent monitors for the CS department needs tons of justification paperwork.
@@MasterGeekMXmy work multimeter cost 30k € .
@@tobiashegemann1811 Sure bud, sure.
Yeah, I fly drones that cost 30k for a living, using subscription software that costs our customers 5 figures a year on top of labor and equipment costs. Different companies use those same drones and throw lidar sensors on them that can cost 100k. Industrial equipment is a whole other world, and I expected this to cost far more.
@@loweflyer7778 I work on the tech side of legal research and one of the things I do is discovery management. The document database software we use is the cheapest offering available, and it’s many thousands of dollars a year. We looked into other offerings in the space that would satisfy our needs, but the cloud based offerings (and they’re almost all cloud based these days) who will host the files and databases for you, will only do so at an average of roughly $50/month/GB stored. ONE of my discovery databases is 2.5 TB of documents meaning It would cost us $125k PER MONTH to host it if we used those services. And people wonder why either the plaintiffs don’t see as much of their settlements as one would hope or that their lawyers are using such antiquated computer software.
Thank you for investing in the ability to provide high quality tech reviews LTT
5:06 "Your organs doing inconvenient things like keeping you alive" Lol
Linus using the canadian healthcare suggestion
Shipping is a barrier of acceptance of your products. I bought an LTT desk mat and shipping added a premium to the product. You need an American distribution center. I would like to buy more products but after my first purchase, I don't think I can justify the premium when I can get similar products without the extra costs. I love the videos keep it up.
sooo nice to see you guys covering Lumafield! I follow their videos since I first saw them in Adam Savage's channel, it is quite underrated 😅
Babe, wake up, it’s April and Linus is doing tax rebate purchases
Now THIS is an amazing addition to the lab, I hope you guys got to keep it....subscription and all unfortunately.... ❤
This is so neat! Definitely one of those wishlist items that you could put on an "Impossible List".
As for a recommendation, how about a high-quality mechanical watch/timepiece? There's a lot of clockwork mechanisms that might be interesting to see.
I’ve been wanting this technology for so long it would be wonderful to be able to scan an engine or a carburetor or a power supply basically anything and detect problems with it without even taking it apart as well as see if there are design flaws without taking it apart. This would be super easy to spot defects.
Yay! I am an engineer for a medical CBCT. glad to see some fun content!
although we take 600 frames in 20 seconds
What a suckerpunch of a segue, love it lmao
ngl...that zoom in for the sponsor message intro got me good....
Here is an idea for a video. Can this thing see the thermal paste application? This might put an end on the whole discussion of peas, Xs, lines, quantity and whatever other variables are discussed on the topic.
@@vitorviotti maybe, but they kind of already did that a lot cheaper... with a glass plate
Working in automotive assembly, I certainly see there'd be an awesome use for this for cast parts porosity checking.
ALRIGHT THATS IT...labs is getting really cool!
Are you guys using ionising radiation monitors for staff that work near the CT scanner? to ensure everyone is safe from Xray exposure.
They do it in hospitals for staff that work in radiology departments
Hospital x-ray and CT machines aren't encased in lead like this is though. They're open-air because they can't just stuff the whole patient inside and close the door.
Bros gonna open a hospital and do CT scans. Next thing we know, he's getting an MRI
Linus tech 😊
I don't think so. Cause MRI require Hydrogen atom. Which are plentiful in humans as H2O. But I don't think any technology have such amount of hydrogen
Yikes...can you imagine Linus dropping magnetic metals all over the place...?
Linus Med Tips, anyone?
@@jatinjadam1703 Furthermore, some component materials tend to make the things go fly fly when they're put in a strong magnet.
Fun fact, a CT scan will make your dongle look terrible, but the doctors will never make fun of you for that.
At least not in front of you
This is what we actually use in our clinic to prepare for complex brain surgeries, especially when we have to pin point a rumour and its surrounding tissue types. We even use the created 3D model from the CT to 3D print perfectly fitting guides for tools or needles which need to be angled in certain positions.
Our metrology department has one of these at my work. It’s an awesome machine that I always wanted to have a better understanding of.
Well go an ask.
@@andymouse I have. And done my own research. Thanks tho
@@owenfulkerson7291 :)
That Segway 😂😂😂😂😂
segue*
English isn't my native language, but I'm pretty sure it's 'segue'
lol. Yeah, that was a good one, for sure!
I literally laughed
sick a lab vid, this is a really cool piece of equipment
Now just resist the urge to climb inside it
whoever coded the thing for all the scaling and reveals is the true mvp
Super cool tech. Minor correction: Monochromatic x-rays do not require a synchrotron. You simply need collimator and filters to select for a single wavelength. I do this all the time with an X-ray diffractometer.
6:46 Linus putting his hand in the path of the x-ray reminds me of The Hanoi Incident 😰
I've studied biomedical engineering and we had something similar a bit larger called Zeiss Metrotom, costs about 1M euro at the time we used it for our bakalar and master thesis but also outside companies like automotive and other industries were sending some pieces to scan it (for a price of course) those machines are super awesome and useful can find a lot of issues before going to mass production
It's been cool watching the software democratize access to industrial CT machines like this. Every time the price drops, accessibility goes up and more niche applications solve otherwise intractable problems (like the Herculium scrolls).
Linus can explain things in simple terms easy to understand and relate
Can't wait to see a bunch of videos with the lab. Feel like I've been waiting forever to see all those crazy breakdowns.
Physics student working with x-rays here. You don't need a synchrotron or linear accelerator to get monochromatic x-rays. You can just add a monochromator to your regular x-ray source but you lose some energy and it obviously adds more complexity to your system.
I'm a radiologist and happy to see this. We basically do the same thing all the time... with people!
8:29 you can see little white dots from where x-rays hit and overexpose the camera sensor that's awesome
we have a similar GE scanner (Phoenix 5 Tome XM), she cost a cool $780,000 at time of purchase. so I guess if you're going to use it for ~10 years (minus some losses from repairs and staffing as mentioned) then this could be a good deal.
Saw that machine on Curious Marc's videos! Very good
Now this makes all the labs talk worth it.
It would be super cool to be able to have these on the site to rotate. Or something like a subscription to do it lol
Absolutely fascinating how this Neptune CT scanner can provide such detailed views of these devices without actually taking them apart. The possibilities for its uses are practically limitless.
Bro... Amongst the things that science can not currently classify or quantify is how BADLY I need one of these. NEEEEEEEEED!! NOWWWWWWW!!
Just imagine having a digital teardown of the thing you’re scanning and then adding textures to the 3D model, that would be pretty sick.
Lumafield is such an amazing technology. I've been excited by it since Adam Savage's Tested did a few videos with Lumafield.
We use CT scans to examine critical welds in situ. It's amazing.
One of the best implementations of NERFs/Gaussian Splatting I've seen
On tested they checked what cheap electronics that looklike good brands to see what is in each, was really good for cables to see if they are lying about connections inside
RADIOLOGY MENTIONED!
as a certified radiology tech i am happy.
Yes. I love the way you include the safety hazard for ionizing radiation device like this.
14:23 And give you the coolest Super Mario 64 speedrun ever lol
I gotta hand it to you. That first segue was brilliant!
I use one of these LumaField Neptune systems at my work. Super cool system but somewhat limited when getting into super small stuff; even with the smallest ROIs.
It's really fun to mess around with and is extremely helpful with root causing issues without needing to take apart the sample.
I doubt you're seeing the air around the controller, what you are likely seeing is scatter radiation that bounces off of objects. (I've worked in x-ray imaging in healthcare for about 26 years now.) And yes, it is always interesting. Good job explaining the basics of x-ray imaging. We have some expensive high end CTs now that don't need a scintillator and can count the photons directly without converting them to light. Filters are widely used in mammography imaging as well, to optimize the beam for imaging soft breast tissue. Actually this tech with the rotating filter is a lot how mammography works.
It’s funny seeing how excited everyone is for something I get to use at work every day lol. That machine ain’t cheap