As someone born 60km from Chornobyl and having just played Stalker 2, hearing the word sarcophagus in the context of ionising radiation just tickles my brain the right way.
I've a brain tumor (don't worry, it's not going to kill me any time soon) but as part of the panic of figuring out IF it was the kind that would kill me, I had to have a "nuclear scan" (or at least that's what the doctor referred to it as) where I had radioactive dye injected into my spinal column (my csf) and then they pointed a camera that could detect ionizing radiation at my head and spine and we could see the radioactive fluid LIVE on camera. That way they could see if there were act leaks in my csf or if the radioactive fluid was getting into other parts of my body or blood. They also put cotton swabs into my nose and mouth and then afterward they scanned the cotton for radiation to see if any of it leaked out. It's was fascinating seeing my brain in 3d live. Even better, at some point I had a CT scan while the fluid was still in my head and I swear to God, while the CT scan was on, I could see through my own eyelids. I seriously had x-Ray vision for a short period. I could see through the table I was on, I could see the X-ray emitters light up. According to a radiologist I mentioned it to later he said they've had other patients not the effect and his best guess was that it had something to do with cherenkov (sp?) radiation, but there was no real way to study the effect safely for obvious reasons.
@Kepler3-bBlue could also come from radioactive particles activating neurons within his visual cortex rather than producing photons that he directly saw although that would probably take wayyyy more radiation than is possible here
This sounds kinda similar to an effect many astronauts have reported-apparently most of them have noticed sporadic bright blue flashes, even with their eyes closed, while they’re in space. It’s theorized to be Cherenkov radiation produced by radioactive particles interacting with the vitreous humor in the eyes, but it also hasn’t really been tested for obvious reasons
There is still some distinction between X- and gamma rays; I'm in astro and the difference I'm aware of is in energy; X-rays are keV-type energies and gammas are MeV-type energies. (Which makes sense, since nuclear interactions - as in minerals - have MeV energies and the strongest reasonable electromagnetic interactions have keV energies)
yeah, you wouldn't want a gamma ray image of your body. It's not very useful for that. It's like saying a red wavelength is the same as a blue one because they're both visible and interact photoelectrically
That's a definition, but the issue is the definitions aren't consistent. Some say "if it somes from an atom it's a gamma ray", but you get gammas with Kev energy. If you define it as the mev cutoff, then why does every gamma spectrometer start in the kev range? Without a clear and consistent definition, the cutoff is arbitrary and meaningless.
That sounds quite arbitrary and post-hoc reasoning to say that the _intensity_ of the radiation makes it different _type_ of radiation. It is equivalent of running a light bulb first with 50% intensity a then 100% intensity and claiming the light they produce is completely different type. But no, that's not quite how it works.
Fiestaware is the forbidden fruit for vintage collectors. It's poison, but god. wouldn't a hot serving of chicken noodle soup go so hard in one of those bowls?
You could always opt for uranium infused glass bowl, still cool but without the lead and Much less likely to chip/leach into what you’re eating. (The glaze isn’t just uranium, but has a shockingly high lead content, which to me is way scarier than the uranium!)
@@HuheJass True, you don't need very much Uranium at all to get the cool effects from it, but lead? If any amount is used it's probably going to be too much, the fact that it was used AT ALL for these kinds of applications is tragedy enough but it was used fucking EVERYWHERE, humanity as a whole is STILL recovering from the widespread use of leaded gasoline... unlike lead, uranium at least has the decency to kill you quicker and more obviously.
Part of my day job involves frequently x-raying electronics assemblies to check for solder quality, and it never gets old to be able to see inside of stuff. Seeing the plates clearly within a capacitor, seeing the coils inside of potted inductors/transformers, seeing the semiconductors inside of large diodes, it's so fun. We even sometimes use the x-ray machines to inspect wires that we suspect are broken from our other equipment to find where the fault is.
My only criticism is that, no, we absolutely cannot use "x ray" and "gamma ray" interchangeably, just like we cannot use "radio waves" and "microwaves", or "red light" and "blue light" interchangeably. The bands are pretty well defined by their properties.
@@DemocracyDiesInDarkness It's not just where they're emitted from, it's the wavelengths (or inversely frequency). Xrays go from 10 nanometer to 10 picometer wavelengths. Gamma starts at 10 picometer and is anything shorter than that.
I don't remember X-rays and Gamma rays to be the same thing : X-rays are mainly produced from high energy plasma through Bremsstrahlung. The energies involved are at most 100keV. Gamma rays on the other hand are emitted by transformations in the nucleus level at energies at the MeV range
I think the reason I literally cannot stop coming back to this channel is because the topics are so varied, and so amazingly interesting I have found VERY few channels that truly make me want to chase my mad scientist dreams and become a super villain such as this one Please for the love of god, stay evil
X-rays are gamma rays are not interchangable. It's an arbitrary distinction since it's all just EM radiation, but people use it. X-rays are less energetic and can come even from atomic transitions. Gamma is usually the name for radiation from nuclear transitions and are more energetic than X-rays. Generally, x-rays are gamma rays(under some definitions), but not all gamma rays are x-rays
I thought that the difference between x-rays and gamma rays was wavelength. Every EM chart I’ve seen has the waves after visible light listed in order of ultraviolet - x-rays - gamma rays. I’m confused by your statement.
If x-rays are the same as gamma rays then we might as well say the same thing about microwaves and radio waves, or uv-visible-IR light. They are all classified by wavelength/energy, even though they are all technically electromagnetic waves
That's what I thought, too. But after thinking about it for a bit, I'm pretty sure he's right. Everything i can think of that purportedly produces X-rays, including the X-ray machines of the 60s, either are literally radioactive objects producing gamma radiation, or are producing higher energy rays than those gamma sources. So gamma radiation and x-rays must inhabit the same part of the EM spectrum. As for the historical side, that's definitely true. Gamma rays were discovered by a chemist studying rocks and X-rays by a physicist with vacuum tubes.
@frostyelkk xrays are from electrons shifting energy levels and interacting with matter. An electron in a synclatron generates xrays, a SEM produces xrays ( backscatter spectroscopy amd EDX both analyse xrays produced from the interaction of the electrons in an SEM) Gamma rays are the result of nuclear decay of atoms
Small correction: X-Ray gas wavelength between 1 nanometer and 10 picometer And Gammaray has a wavelength between 10 picometer and 100 femtometer Thus Grammarays and X-rays are NOT the same (Gammarays are a lot more powerful)
Fun fact about the history of xrays. As early as 1896 people knew they could be dangerous, a while back I has reading "The Phonoscope", a magazee from the mid-late 1890s that's all about the phonograph and amusement machine industry, and in almost all of the issues there's blerbs about people getting "sunburned" from xray tubes, and the safest way to use them.
Once at a town history museum they had a shoe store x-ray machine. Apparently in the 1920s (?) it was a thing to stick your foot in this undoubtedly dangerous box to somehow help the shoe salesman get you better shoes. I was astounded.
It is worth noting that despite the daughter isotopes being highly radioactive, they will be present in tiny concentrations due to equilibrium such that their radioactivity alone no longer exceed uranium itself
@@nicholasneyhart396yes, it was't added for shits and giggles, the thorium was added because it improved optical quality, and it did. We have better coatings nowadays but it was better than contemporary throium free alternatives. Also, it is not the radiation that makes them better, that's a side effect what, if anything, can make the coating degrade over the decades.
X-Rays and Gamma rays are both high energy photons but the difference is from where they originate. X-Rays are from the electron cloud and Gamma rays are from the Nucleus. Now Academically they are not the same thing and you will really piss off your co-worker who is a Health Physicist by saying that they are the same (speaking from experience). Practically from a detection and interaction standpoint they are both high energy photons and their interactions with matter are the same and are driven by the energy of the photon not from where it originated. Its like saying the Atlantic and Pacific oceans are the same thing. From a practical standpoint they are both large saline bodies of water and there is some overlap between them. Boat designs don't need to be optimized or specialized for either ocean within reason. Academically they are not the same thing because they are in different locations.
i thought x-rays had longer wavelengths than gamma rays. like how visible light has longer wavelengths than ultraviolet. visible light is not the same thing as ultraviolet light. so im confused as to why people keep saying gamma rays and x-rays the same thing. x-rays have wavelengths around 10^-10 meters, while gamma rays have wavelengths around 10^-12 meters. thats what i was taught in school.
@@S0difX-rays are photons higher than a certain energy. Gamma rays are photons emitted from the nucleus. It so happens that the weakest gamma rays are well beyond the threshold for photons to be called x-rays, and it’s rare (but not unheard of) for x-rays to be in the energy levels of typical γ-rays, so people often, technically incorrectly, treat them as simply different energy categories of regular old light
I absolutely love collecting uranium glass from antique stores. Uranium glass is both much more common and much safer for use than fiesta ware (given that it won't produce dust if broken), and it looks cooler. Unfortunately, uranium glass often seems to be from the same manufacturer and the same style of very thick-walled wine glasses. But recently I was able to find a thin-walled regular drinking glass for only $10. I don't actually use them anymore, but back in college a few years ago, I would use a uranium glass wine glass every once in a while for a quick drink of water.
I genuinely would eat a dinner served to me on that plate, and I've seen enough videos discussing how objects from that time were coated in radioactive materal for one reason or another (colour) to recognize the "hot" plate immediately. Of course, I'd be using my cutlery very carefully and probably won't want to eat off it AGAIN, but to see it "in use" just once in person would be neat.
Iirc the bigger issue with uranium fiestaware isn't the radioactivity but the risk of heavy metal poisoning from the uranium. Dont eat anything acidic on Fiestaware (which can leach uranium into food) and ceramics tend to be strong enough that as long as you aren't using excessive force to eat your food, you dont need to worry too much about damaging the fiestaware)
A chemistry enthusiast from Australia was recently charged and now faces court due to importing a periodic table containing small samples of all possible elements. One of the samples was a cube containing an estimated 350 atoms of plutonium. Your next video should be a practical instructional to build a an open source desktop cyclotron, and link all the files. This way I can go to court to support this guy, carrying my own sample (A sample I didn’t import) as a way of protesting the absolute absurdity of this.
@@KurosakiYukigo correct. I postulated that given the sample size, one could even break open the container and eat the contents if they wished, without any negative effect. Given that the distances between objects at this scale are so massive, and that activity depends on quantity. The chances of a single decay (and all children of that decay chain) having the exact trajectory and timing required to cause any non reversible generic ionisation event is astronomically low. Further more, I believe that anyone born after the 1970s has almost certainly bioaccumulated more Pu than this, and carries this inside them at all times, including when they cross borders on any flight. This is a result of decades of weapons testing and also notable historic reactor incidents, where by materials containing PU were released into the environment, eventually making their way to every corner of the earth, and ultimately into earths biosphere. Failing a diy cyclotron (because let’s be real for a second lol) my next best option is to take a handful of uranium rocks with me from the ground. These will be many orders of magnitude hotter, and contain a much higher mass of fissile material, which would also technically be considered a restricted nuclear material under the law.
There are some Vinyl record anti static brushes that contain plutonium. I just find it weird that Australia is considered a top 5 democracy, when you can barely do any electrical work by yourself, a journalist got firebombed, a battery company is suing a small TH-camr for saying factual information and someone is getting sued for potentially importing some radioactive atoms
I’ve been watching you since 50k subs and it makes me so happy to not see you guys struggle financially / motivation-wise. Always one of my favorite channels, everything you guys do is so cool.
Considering the topic of the video and the stuff these guys deal with, I wouldn't be surprised if it was an actual uranium tip round. Naturally, that would not be something to be disclosed in YT video as even owning those may constitute as a war crime.
@@simoncleret I mean, in Canada it is a war crime if you shoot towards enemy with a bullet that you hadn't engraved with apologies, so it's not really that far fetched.
I worked for a few years at a company that develops dental xray generators, xray sensors, and film. Firstly, you can definitely pick up a used portable dental xray generator for $500. Next, what you're looking for is a beam collimator to target the rays generated. You'll also want to pick up a line pair phantom to determine the resolution of your system. Finally, take a look at flat panel digital detectors. You'll be way happier with the results using digital sensors.
High voltage supply that can be taken apart: big zapper tennis racket. I use these for my cloud chamber and they're very easy to power externally. Awesome video as usual!
I know the gamma rays are being blocked by the density of the uranium, but the first thing that popped into my head was "I used the radiation to block the radiation"
I would eat off the plate. Wouldn't put it under my pillow, and if I broke it, I'd vacate the premises, but eating off it would be okay. Also, I've always been taught that X-rays and gamma rays differ in frequency, with gamma rays taking up the highest frequencies and X-rays sitting between ultraviolet and gamma rays.
My mom gave me one of these from my grandmas old set when I moved into my first apartment. Ended up eating off of it for a couple of years before realizing it. I cope by believing in radiation hormesis.
If you tried to use the blue-sensitive film with the green-emitting cassette, that would explain why you were not getting any images. In terms of pigments like inks and dyes, green is made of yellow and blue, but when speaking of light green is a primary color (there is no blue in green light). X-ray film is primarily sensitive to visible light, which is why the intensifying screens are required (they absorb x-rays and emit photons of colored light). If you have green intensifying screens you would need green-sensitive film.
I cannot express how frickin' cool the x-ray shadow picture is! When you showed it first without even commenting on it, I had to pause the video and stare at it for a good while. It's just so evocative!
This is an excellent video on DIY xray imaging! I used to do neutron radiography with gadolinium oxide image intensifier screens and xray film. It was a big fat mess and I'm glad we've moved on to digital image sensors over stinky film developer fluids! I wish that I had been around when you were making your high voltage xray tube supply. That's literally the kind of thing I do in my spare time. Just off the cuff: you could probably make a very serviceable 70 kV DC supply by using a ZVS (zero voltage switching) circuit to power an AC flyback (no internal diodes) and then connect that to a 4 stage cockcroft walton voltage multiplier. You can order the ZVS circuit and AC flyback online so the only thing left to do is have a 15 to 25 volt power supply to feed the ZVS and the diode multiplier that you already have. Also, pot the diode multiplier so it isn't arcing and corona discharging everywhere.
Some comments may exaggerate the dangers of these items. Radioactive discs such as uranium glass generally emit low levels of radiation, but this does not mean that they are completely harmless when used improperly. Research should be based on scientific evidence and calculated risks.
When I worked in aerospace manufacturing, we had a film based radiography setup for NDT of weld joints. IIRC, when the film gets old, the sensitivity falls off in unpredictable ways. Often (always?) there was a sensitivity check artifact framed with the part being checked, so the x-ray tech could verify the validity of the shot by confirming known thicknesses of metal produced the correct brightness in the film after developing it.
Sponsorblock is doing this one dirty. Informative and relevant segment is also sponsored so it just skips over it. It's a shame because that was actually an incredibly tasteful execution of an ad. Respect.
It's actually very trippy to realize that so much of our Universe exists thanks to the different frequencies of the electromagnetic spectrum, magnetic fields, photons, electricity, heat.
Loved the video! Total shot in the dark, but I would love to see you guys recreate history, and put some regular photo paper in those cassettes and take an x-ray. It might give interesting results. Either way, can’t wait for the next video! Cheers!
I actually had to do a very similar thing with one of those electric arc barbecue lighters. If you open them up you can connect a wire to the MOSFET gate that switches the flyback and trigger it with an Arduino. It's just a square wave at some KHz, you can get the actual value by poking the gate with an oscilloscope.
Wow! I learned so much from this video! I never knew a cloud chamber could show x/gamma rays. How come no one ever mentioned that? And concentrated uranium products get more radioactive as the daughter products develop. How come no one ever mentioned that? This is such a great video. Thank you!
16:52 wait a second… you can just unscrew the small screw on the bottom, push the switch to the on position and pry the small plastic piece from the switch out with a screwdriver. Then you can slide the whole electronics out of the case. I literally just did that this week with a model that looks exactly like the lighters you’re using for a different project. After that you can just solder extension leads to the push button.
I work on medical software, and we have the opportunity to go in hospital radiology departments and see how they work and get a tour. At one point I said that X-Rays and gamma rays are the same thing and they though I'm stupid. It's nice to see in your video that you mention that they are the same and put an equal sign between them.
@kleavenae wouldn't worry about it ieee and the euro equivalent can't agree on what letters to use for arbitrary chunks of the much lower rf bands of the spectrum. Where space starts in km or freedom units... interstellar space....it's a big list.
They are not the same, there's defined differences in wavelength and energy between both. If you ever had physics in school you'd know that lol, Thought Emporium is utterly wrong here for whatever reason
We have Fiestaware in our lab for demonstration purposes! I also recently bought a small uranium dish from an antique shop. I can't wait to put it on display with a black light!
i love the jokes you deliver without changing your tone. and of course the whole thing is interesting. you hit the holy grail of interesting and funny most of the time edit: secon guessing it might be more a "holy spot" than a "holy grail". no matter the wording: praise the lord of funny science!!!
My mom still has a full set of these. She's known about the radioactivity since I was little, but maybe this video will help her decide to pick up a new set for next holiday 😅
To be fair the radiation is probably less dangerous than the lead, which can be as high as 20% in those bright orange glazes.. Have her get uranium glass, instead of glazed ceramic, and it’s the best of both worlds!
Wait, i remember him saying that eating from theese plates from time to time is not dangerous and now he says that it'd give you heavy metal poisoning? huh
long ago, they would put film in a manila envelope to take xrays, but film needs a lot of radiation to become exposed. the light box cassette helped reduce that dose a lot. modern xray cassettes do not use film but instead use phosphors that retain the xray image and then can be flashed clean. these require even less xray dosage because you dont need to overcome the film barrier anymore. more modern exam rooms have image receptors that use scintillation chips that are easy activated by xrays, further reducing the dosage needed.
If you work in any kind of labor job, remember the corner cutting safety wise you undoubtedly do to get the job over with sooner? People back when these plates were made did they same stuff likely more often with far more dangerous materials. Hindsight being 20-20 knowing what we know now, it makes sense why our life spans are drastically longer than our ancestors; and it makes me thankful for science and the benefits it has brought to daily life in the 21st century.
I am so excited to see more radiation related videos!! I'd love to see you guys try to x-ray various items with a much hotter gamma source like a radium compass. Ive personally got one that has a contact dose rate of over 225 uSv/hr. Nasty stuff! I keep it double ziplock bagged in a glass jar to minimize the radon leakage.
I would absolutely love if you did a deep dive into tube construction, not just for x-ray propagation and properties, but potentially for neon tubes and amplifiers.. I know it's a stretch but I'd love to learn more about altering x-ray properties, like, can we get a tube to emit monochromatically? And how far can we adjust said wavelength? I'm heading into silicon engineering, and x-ray photolithography is one of those things that really caught my attention a while back, I just haven't been able to test any of my theories yet.
1) Radiation self-sanitizes dishware
2) Keeps food warm
3) Add Geiger counter for DIY white noise machine
@@Zoms101 it’s all positives, I can’t see any downside to using this dishware!
@@ErikPelyukhno downside: orange
@@reknoht8562 I happen to like the color orange. You monster.
It also fills your room with radioactive radon gas in case you get bored of breathing regular air.
Another plus is that collectors love it, yet it it is still fairly affordable, at 20 dollars and often much less per piece.
it is literally impossible to guess what the next thought emporium upload will entail
Spiders.
Nah, it's easy to guess.
Guessing correctly, however...
"Nuking my back yard to produce einsteinium"
@@EddieTheHKinda like applied science but more frequent postings and abusing yeast and bacteria DNA for s&g's thrown in.
But eventually it always collapses into a known and observable outcome. ♥️
24:49 Brother, I was not ready for him to just slap a frozen rat onto the table lol
And a real one as well
Or say he was a snake owner.
reptile owners...
Linguini is worth it
Somehow having a Pet Noodle just seem to fit the whole aesthetic of the channel
Seeing the whole cloud chamber condense all at once from the x-ray tube is legitimately terrifying.
Its listed under the category of "GTFO ASAP" moments when in LAB.
"the fog is coming"
As someone born 60km from Chornobyl and having just played Stalker 2, hearing the word sarcophagus in the context of ionising radiation just tickles my brain the right way.
Set the zone free, Skif
Are you sure that's not the radiation shooting through your skull?
Next video: proving that there is life after death using turmeric and hardware store chemicals
i feel like that episode would just be lsd synthesis
Building a hydron collider using an old broom and a hammer
Building a digital computer using Paleolithic tech (ft. Primitive Technology)
Nuclear fusion using plumbing supplies
I've a brain tumor (don't worry, it's not going to kill me any time soon) but as part of the panic of figuring out IF it was the kind that would kill me, I had to have a "nuclear scan" (or at least that's what the doctor referred to it as) where I had radioactive dye injected into my spinal column (my csf) and then they pointed a camera that could detect ionizing radiation at my head and spine and we could see the radioactive fluid LIVE on camera. That way they could see if there were act leaks in my csf or if the radioactive fluid was getting into other parts of my body or blood. They also put cotton swabs into my nose and mouth and then afterward they scanned the cotton for radiation to see if any of it leaked out. It's was fascinating seeing my brain in 3d live. Even better, at some point I had a CT scan while the fluid was still in my head and I swear to God, while the CT scan was on, I could see through my own eyelids. I seriously had x-Ray vision for a short period. I could see through the table I was on, I could see the X-ray emitters light up. According to a radiologist I mentioned it to later he said they've had other patients not the effect and his best guess was that it had something to do with cherenkov (sp?) radiation, but there was no real way to study the effect safely for obvious reasons.
The things you saw we're blue? If yes it was Cherenkov radiation
@Kepler3-bspecifically a ghostly cyan blue.
@Kepler3-bBlue could also come from radioactive particles activating neurons within his visual cortex rather than producing photons that he directly saw although that would probably take wayyyy more radiation than is possible here
This sounds kinda similar to an effect many astronauts have reported-apparently most of them have noticed sporadic bright blue flashes, even with their eyes closed, while they’re in space. It’s theorized to be Cherenkov radiation produced by radioactive particles interacting with the vitreous humor in the eyes, but it also hasn’t really been tested for obvious reasons
Cool! Good luck with the tumor, yo
There is still some distinction between X- and gamma rays; I'm in astro and the difference I'm aware of is in energy; X-rays are keV-type energies and gammas are MeV-type energies. (Which makes sense, since nuclear interactions - as in minerals - have MeV energies and the strongest reasonable electromagnetic interactions have keV energies)
yeah, you wouldn't want a gamma ray image of your body. It's not very useful for that. It's like saying a red wavelength is the same as a blue one because they're both visible and interact photoelectrically
Gamma rays would produce x-rays when scattering though, no?
That's a definition, but the issue is the definitions aren't consistent. Some say "if it somes from an atom it's a gamma ray", but you get gammas with Kev energy. If you define it as the mev cutoff, then why does every gamma spectrometer start in the kev range? Without a clear and consistent definition, the cutoff is arbitrary and meaningless.
That sounds quite arbitrary and post-hoc reasoning to say that the _intensity_ of the radiation makes it different _type_ of radiation.
It is equivalent of running a light bulb first with 50% intensity a then 100% intensity and claiming the light they produce is completely different type. But no, that's not quite how it works.
@anteshell it's not, otherwise infrared is the same as gamma rays. X-rays are rays that can be produces in an electric tube
Fiestaware is the forbidden fruit for vintage collectors. It's poison, but god. wouldn't a hot serving of chicken noodle soup go so hard in one of those bowls?
Any soup you'd put in there would be hot for sure
You could always opt for uranium infused glass bowl, still cool but without the lead and Much less likely to chip/leach into what you’re eating. (The glaze isn’t just uranium, but has a shockingly high lead content, which to me is way scarier than the uranium!)
@@HuheJass True, you don't need very much Uranium at all to get the cool effects from it, but lead? If any amount is used it's probably going to be too much, the fact that it was used AT ALL for these kinds of applications is tragedy enough but it was used fucking EVERYWHERE, humanity as a whole is STILL recovering from the widespread use of leaded gasoline... unlike lead, uranium at least has the decency to kill you quicker and more obviously.
Hot in more ways than one haha
@@HuheJass lead glass is still a thing, so if that's something you're afraid of, watch out for that I guess!
Part of my day job involves frequently x-raying electronics assemblies to check for solder quality, and it never gets old to be able to see inside of stuff. Seeing the plates clearly within a capacitor, seeing the coils inside of potted inductors/transformers, seeing the semiconductors inside of large diodes, it's so fun. We even sometimes use the x-ray machines to inspect wires that we suspect are broken from our other equipment to find where the fault is.
Ooo that's cool! I lowkey want to see that now 😂
Do you have another x-ray machine to diagnose the other in case it ever breaks? 😅
@@ErikPelyukhno haha, we do have three of the same xray machine, so theoretically yes
@@ErikPelyukhno That's why he's watching this video ;-)
Being able to x-ray a wire harness to find a break would be awesome
0:15 Yeah.. so what? It keeps your meal warm while you eat it! 🤣🤣🤣
lol
The emojis ruined the joke in my opinion
@@MonkeyBoy0918nah you ruined it more than the emojis for me
@@MonkeyBoy0918 People emoji-laughing at their own jokes is an absolute pet peeve of mine.
how would it make it warm
"accidentally demonstrating fundamental properties of physics" is probably something you do for fun at least once a week
My only criticism is that, no, we absolutely cannot use "x ray" and "gamma ray" interchangeably, just like we cannot use "radio waves" and "microwaves", or "red light" and "blue light" interchangeably. The bands are pretty well defined by their properties.
"it's all just photons man, chill out..."
thanks for keeping up a higher standard. distinctions are vital!
He does touch on where they are emitted from matters.
@@DemocracyDiesInDarkness It's not just where they're emitted from, it's the wavelengths (or inversely frequency).
Xrays go from 10 nanometer to 10 picometer wavelengths. Gamma starts at 10 picometer and is anything shorter than that.
@@PendragonDaGreatno, it’s entirely where they are from. Gamma rays are photons emitted from the nucleus. All other high-energy photons are x-rays
Says who? I've always seen gamma rays as higher frequency than x-rays, just like blue light is higher frequency than red light.
I don't remember X-rays and Gamma rays to be the same thing : X-rays are mainly produced from high energy plasma through Bremsstrahlung. The energies involved are at most 100keV. Gamma rays on the other hand are emitted by transformations in the nucleus level at energies at the MeV range
25:24 FULL BRIDGE RECTIFIER SPOTTED
Boom boom
Radioactive Grandma? This is the content I'm here for.
That's why grandmas are superheroes!!!
Grandma got run over by a hydrogen bomb......
I managed to misread the title as ashes instead of dishes, and i was very confused about why his grandma was radioactive
Sweet old radma
I think the reason I literally cannot stop coming back to this channel is because the topics are so varied, and so amazingly interesting
I have found VERY few channels that truly make me want to chase my mad scientist dreams and become a super villain such as this one
Please for the love of god, stay evil
X-rays are gamma rays are not interchangable. It's an arbitrary distinction since it's all just EM radiation, but people use it. X-rays are less energetic and can come even from atomic transitions. Gamma is usually the name for radiation from nuclear transitions and are more energetic than X-rays.
Generally, x-rays are gamma rays(under some definitions), but not all gamma rays are x-rays
18:48 would be a cool double-slit experiment visualization
Yesss, that's what I was gonna comment
"Pleased to report that (the mummy) tastes awful." Only on this channel would that be an expected sentence.
Now I've got to go check out the mummy video I've been sitting on.
I thought that the difference between x-rays and gamma rays was wavelength. Every EM chart I’ve seen has the waves after visible light listed in order of ultraviolet - x-rays - gamma rays.
I’m confused by your statement.
If x-rays are the same as gamma rays then we might as well say the same thing about microwaves and radio waves, or uv-visible-IR light. They are all classified by wavelength/energy, even though they are all technically electromagnetic waves
That's what I thought, too. But after thinking about it for a bit, I'm pretty sure he's right. Everything i can think of that purportedly produces X-rays, including the X-ray machines of the 60s, either are literally radioactive objects producing gamma radiation, or are producing higher energy rays than those gamma sources. So gamma radiation and x-rays must inhabit the same part of the EM spectrum.
As for the historical side, that's definitely true. Gamma rays were discovered by a chemist studying rocks and X-rays by a physicist with vacuum tubes.
You're right, and Thought Emporium is utterly confusingly wrong in this case. The cut off wavelength between both seems to be around 0.01 nm.
@@Natibe_
I think all x-rays are a kind of gamma radiation, but not all gamma radiation is made of x-rays.
Bad naming conventions are bad.
@frostyelkk xrays are from electrons shifting energy levels and interacting with matter. An electron in a synclatron generates xrays, a SEM produces xrays ( backscatter spectroscopy amd EDX both analyse xrays produced from the interaction of the electrons in an SEM)
Gamma rays are the result of nuclear decay of atoms
3:57 forbidden salmon
So that’s what the salmonids are! /ref
yummy salmon
"Instead, the American military wanted it so they could rapidly redecorate the Nevada desert ... and ... parts of Japan" is one heck of a line, haha.
Small correction:
X-Ray gas wavelength between 1 nanometer and 10 picometer
And Gammaray has a wavelength between 10 picometer and 100 femtometer
Thus Grammarays and X-rays are NOT the same (Gammarays are a lot more powerful)
Fun fact about the history of xrays. As early as 1896 people knew they could be dangerous, a while back I has reading "The Phonoscope", a magazee from the mid-late 1890s that's all about the phonograph and amusement machine industry, and in almost all of the issues there's blerbs about people getting "sunburned" from xray tubes, and the safest way to use them.
A Crookes tube is scarily easy to make and last time I looked, there were tons of plans on Ebay. They don't require a hard vacuum or anything.
Once at a town history museum they had a shoe store x-ray machine. Apparently in the 1920s (?) it was a thing to stick your foot in this undoubtedly dangerous box to somehow help the shoe salesman get you better shoes. I was astounded.
It is worth noting that despite the daughter isotopes being highly radioactive, they will be present in tiny concentrations due to equilibrium such that their radioactivity alone no longer exceed uranium itself
The rear Elements of some vintage camera lenses have radioactive thorium.
You can also use old watches, they have radium.
My dad was photography professor and insists that the thorium glass lenses produced a clearer picture.
@@nicholasneyhart396I had both radioactive and normal variants of a Carl Zeiss Pancolar lens from 1960s. The hot one was definitely sharper.
@@nicholasneyhart396yes, it was't added for shits and giggles, the thorium was added because it improved optical quality, and it did.
We have better coatings nowadays but it was better than contemporary throium free alternatives.
Also, it is not the radiation that makes them better, that's a side effect what, if anything, can make the coating degrade over the decades.
X-Rays and Gamma rays are both high energy photons but the difference is from where they originate. X-Rays are from the electron cloud and Gamma rays are from the Nucleus. Now Academically they are not the same thing and you will really piss off your co-worker who is a Health Physicist by saying that they are the same (speaking from experience). Practically from a detection and interaction standpoint they are both high energy photons and their interactions with matter are the same and are driven by the energy of the photon not from where it originated. Its like saying the Atlantic and Pacific oceans are the same thing. From a practical standpoint they are both large saline bodies of water and there is some overlap between them. Boat designs don't need to be optimized or specialized for either ocean within reason. Academically they are not the same thing because they are in different locations.
i thought x-rays had longer wavelengths than gamma rays. like how visible light has longer wavelengths than ultraviolet. visible light is not the same thing as ultraviolet light. so im confused as to why people keep saying gamma rays and x-rays the same thing. x-rays have wavelengths around 10^-10 meters, while gamma rays have wavelengths around 10^-12 meters. thats what i was taught in school.
@@S0difX-rays are photons higher than a certain energy. Gamma rays are photons emitted from the nucleus. It so happens that the weakest gamma rays are well beyond the threshold for photons to be called x-rays, and it’s rare (but not unheard of) for x-rays to be in the energy levels of typical γ-rays, so people often, technically incorrectly, treat them as simply different energy categories of regular old light
I absolutely love collecting uranium glass from antique stores. Uranium glass is both much more common and much safer for use than fiesta ware (given that it won't produce dust if broken), and it looks cooler. Unfortunately, uranium glass often seems to be from the same manufacturer and the same style of very thick-walled wine glasses. But recently I was able to find a thin-walled regular drinking glass for only $10. I don't actually use them anymore, but back in college a few years ago, I would use a uranium glass wine glass every once in a while for a quick drink of water.
17:25 it is a terrifying thing to hear a geiger counter sound like a tuning fork
I genuinely would eat a dinner served to me on that plate, and I've seen enough videos discussing how objects from that time were coated in radioactive materal for one reason or another (colour) to recognize the "hot" plate immediately.
Of course, I'd be using my cutlery very carefully and probably won't want to eat off it AGAIN, but to see it "in use" just once in person would be neat.
Cool, try a parachute jump once too, sans parachute.
Iirc the bigger issue with uranium fiestaware isn't the radioactivity but the risk of heavy metal poisoning from the uranium.
Dont eat anything acidic on Fiestaware (which can leach uranium into food) and ceramics tend to be strong enough that as long as you aren't using excessive force to eat your food, you dont need to worry too much about damaging the fiestaware)
A chemistry enthusiast from Australia was recently charged and now faces court due to importing a periodic table containing small samples of all possible elements. One of the samples was a cube containing an estimated 350 atoms of plutonium.
Your next video should be a practical instructional to build a an open source desktop cyclotron, and link all the files.
This way I can go to court to support this guy, carrying my own sample (A sample I didn’t import) as a way of protesting the absolute absurdity of this.
Surely you wouldn't really be able to do much with 350 atoms of Plutonium, right? You wouldn't even be able to see it without an electron microscope.
@@KurosakiYukigo correct. I postulated that given the sample size, one could even break open the container and eat the contents if they wished, without any negative effect. Given that the distances between objects at this scale are so massive, and that activity depends on quantity. The chances of a single decay (and all children of that decay chain) having the exact trajectory and timing required to cause any non reversible generic ionisation event is astronomically low. Further more, I believe that anyone born after the 1970s has almost certainly bioaccumulated more Pu than this, and carries this inside them at all times, including when they cross borders on any flight. This is a result of decades of weapons testing and also notable historic reactor incidents, where by materials containing PU were released into the environment, eventually making their way to every corner of the earth, and ultimately into earths biosphere.
Failing a diy cyclotron (because let’s be real for a second lol) my next best option is to take a handful of uranium rocks with me from the ground. These will be many orders of magnitude hotter, and contain a much higher mass of fissile material, which would also technically be considered a restricted nuclear material under the law.
350 atoms? Are sure it wasn't like 350mg or something, because that is insane.
There are some Vinyl record anti static brushes that contain plutonium. I just find it weird that Australia is considered a top 5 democracy, when you can barely do any electrical work by yourself, a journalist got firebombed, a battery company is suing a small TH-camr for saying factual information and someone is getting sued for potentially importing some radioactive atoms
"At some point we just started x-ray-ing anything that we thought would even vaguely look cool" - Basically everyone who discovered x-rays
6:00 this stuff is absolutely fascinating!
I’ve been watching you since 50k subs and it makes me so happy to not see you guys struggle financially / motivation-wise. Always one of my favorite channels, everything you guys do is so cool.
4:00 okay, phisics is cool and all but just look at that piece of plate, it looks soo magical. Very beautyfull
9:33 I like how you casually got a .50 BMG round as a paperweight for some reason 😆
Considering the topic of the video and the stuff these guys deal with, I wouldn't be surprised if it was an actual uranium tip round. Naturally, that would not be something to be disclosed in YT video as even owning those may constitute as a war crime.
@@anteshell Canadians committing war crimes? Sounds farfetched... Want some corned beef?
One of my teachers had a depleted uranium tank round as a paper weight
Thing had some heft!
@@simoncleret I mean, in Canada it is a war crime if you shoot towards enemy with a bullet that you hadn't engraved with apologies, so it's not really that far fetched.
@@anteshell if it is uranium ,it is probably depleted uranium
0:15 why wouldn't I be? My food will always be sterile with that plate. No more 5 second rule for me!
and soon enough your insides will be too, it's a win-win!!
I worked for a few years at a company that develops dental xray generators, xray sensors, and film. Firstly, you can definitely pick up a used portable dental xray generator for $500. Next, what you're looking for is a beam collimator to target the rays generated. You'll also want to pick up a line pair phantom to determine the resolution of your system. Finally, take a look at flat panel digital detectors. You'll be way happier with the results using digital sensors.
High voltage supply that can be taken apart: big zapper tennis racket. I use these for my cloud chamber and they're very easy to power externally.
Awesome video as usual!
9:03 it still is! Used to carry around an iridium, selenium, or cobalt x-ray camera. The thing uses uranium to shield from the gamma rays.
I know the gamma rays are being blocked by the density of the uranium, but the first thing that popped into my head was
"I used the radiation to block the radiation"
dude, your videos are insanely cool!!!!!!!!!
it just doesn't stop getting better, minute after minute
6:32 That "Ick!" got me
As a fellow protogen I personally think radiation is very tasty and seasons my ram excellently
I would eat off the plate. Wouldn't put it under my pillow, and if I broke it, I'd vacate the premises, but eating off it would be okay.
Also, I've always been taught that X-rays and gamma rays differ in frequency, with gamma rays taking up the highest frequencies and X-rays sitting between ultraviolet and gamma rays.
I did eat off of Fiesta plates many times when I was little. My grandmother had a set that was used quite often back in the 1960's.
25:00 aww, snake ❤
I really likem these cool and really cute animals :D
17:23 if your geiger counter makes a noise like that, it's called a "drop and run" scenario, I don't think I need to explain why
My mom gave me one of these from my grandmas old set when I moved into my first apartment. Ended up eating off of it for a couple of years before realizing it. I cope by believing in radiation hormesis.
If you tried to use the blue-sensitive film with the green-emitting cassette, that would explain why you were not getting any images. In terms of pigments like inks and dyes, green is made of yellow and blue, but when speaking of light green is a primary color (there is no blue in green light). X-ray film is primarily sensitive to visible light, which is why the intensifying screens are required (they absorb x-rays and emit photons of colored light). If you have green intensifying screens you would need green-sensitive film.
In case anyone's wondering, modern fiesta is safe to use!
The main threat of fiestaware is if the dish is damaged. At that point it can deposit particles into the food.
I cannot express how frickin' cool the x-ray shadow picture is! When you showed it first without even commenting on it, I had to pause the video and stare at it for a good while. It's just so evocative!
This is by far one of THE very best science channels on this godforsaken app.
This is an excellent video on DIY xray imaging! I used to do neutron radiography with gadolinium oxide image intensifier screens and xray film. It was a big fat mess and I'm glad we've moved on to digital image sensors over stinky film developer fluids!
I wish that I had been around when you were making your high voltage xray tube supply. That's literally the kind of thing I do in my spare time. Just off the cuff: you could probably make a very serviceable 70 kV DC supply by using a ZVS (zero voltage switching) circuit to power an AC flyback (no internal diodes) and then connect that to a 4 stage cockcroft walton voltage multiplier. You can order the ZVS circuit and AC flyback online so the only thing left to do is have a 15 to 25 volt power supply to feed the ZVS and the diode multiplier that you already have. Also, pot the diode multiplier so it isn't arcing and corona discharging everywhere.
Some comments may exaggerate the dangers of these items. Radioactive discs such as uranium glass generally emit low levels of radiation, but this does not mean that they are completely harmless when used improperly. Research should be based on scientific evidence and calculated risks.
THANK YOU for explaining that new geiger counter tech. That's SO COOL I love it.
“My desire to have the thing exceeded my desire to learn all the skills to make the thing” lol. I know this feeling so well
22:35 I like how this angle gives perspective to the shadow, showing its 3D-ness
8:33 Perfect physics joke with a British comedy film! XD
When I worked in aerospace manufacturing, we had a film based radiography setup for NDT of weld joints. IIRC, when the film gets old, the sensitivity falls off in unpredictable ways. Often (always?) there was a sensitivity check artifact framed with the part being checked, so the x-ray tech could verify the validity of the shot by confirming known thicknesses of metal produced the correct brightness in the film after developing it.
The first TH-camr sponsor product i actually have some form of interest in
You better throw a festival to avoid upsetting the ghost of Hennifer
My guy's determined to get his money's worth out of that turntable.
Always an informative pleasure! Happy holidays guys
10:26 Dark Room Baeg
Cloud chambers are so fascinating. Thank you for showing and talking about it for a good while in detail.
The X-ray shadows is one of the coolest things I’ve ever seen.
0:55 This line is pure gold. I hope it becomes a meme format or something
Next video: Turning my grandma's plates into a chemo machine after they gave me cancer
Sponsorblock is doing this one dirty. Informative and relevant segment is also sponsored so it just skips over it. It's a shame because that was actually an incredibly tasteful execution of an ad. Respect.
These videos are always so nerdy and out of left field...I love it!
It's actually very trippy to realize that so much of our Universe exists thanks to the different frequencies of the electromagnetic spectrum, magnetic fields, photons, electricity, heat.
I was not surprised to learn you got a cute pet danger noodle! beautiful snake!
Amazing video. I really need to go back and see some of the back videos I've missed.
Loved the video! Total shot in the dark, but I would love to see you guys recreate history, and put some regular photo paper in those cassettes and take an x-ray. It might give interesting results. Either way, can’t wait for the next video! Cheers!
So cool. Thanks for demonstrating your safety process too!
X-ray holograms when? :P
Great video
I actually had to do a very similar thing with one of those electric arc barbecue lighters. If you open them up you can connect a wire to the MOSFET gate that switches the flyback and trigger it with an Arduino. It's just a square wave at some KHz, you can get the actual value by poking the gate with an oscilloscope.
That Holy Grail reference coming out of logical thought made me quite literally spit out my drink laughing 🤣
Bravo, sir
Wow! I learned so much from this video! I never knew a cloud chamber could show x/gamma rays. How come no one ever mentioned that? And concentrated uranium products get more radioactive as the daughter products develop. How come no one ever mentioned that? This is such a great video. Thank you!
Oh my god the genetic tarot card poster at 27:11 would go HARD on a hoodie or t-shirt!!
would totally buy that if it existed!
16:52 wait a second… you can just unscrew the small screw on the bottom, push the switch to the on position and pry the small plastic piece from the switch out with a screwdriver. Then you can slide the whole electronics out of the case.
I literally just did that this week with a model that looks exactly like the lighters you’re using for a different project. After that you can just solder extension leads to the push button.
0:08 nah i don't wanna eat, it’s ugly
0:13 omg absolutely, it’s soo cool i wanna eat everything on this one plate 😻😻😻
How's grandma and your mother for living around and eating off those dishes?
Great video! Always excited to see a new upload.
I work on medical software, and we have the opportunity to go in hospital radiology departments and see how they work and get a tour. At one point I said that X-Rays and gamma rays are the same thing and they though I'm stupid. It's nice to see in your video that you mention that they are the same and put an equal sign between them.
@kleavenae wouldn't worry about it ieee and the euro equivalent can't agree on what letters to use for arbitrary chunks of the much lower rf bands of the spectrum. Where space starts in km or freedom units... interstellar space....it's a big list.
They are not the same, there's defined differences in wavelength and energy between both. If you ever had physics in school you'd know that lol, Thought Emporium is utterly wrong here for whatever reason
"Sorry honey, I lost my job at the dinnerware factory, they wanted to use our materials to make weapons of mass destruction."
We have Fiestaware in our lab for demonstration purposes! I also recently bought a small uranium dish from an antique shop. I can't wait to put it on display with a black light!
i love the jokes you deliver without changing your tone. and of course the whole thing is interesting. you hit the holy grail of interesting and funny most of the time
edit: secon guessing it might be more a "holy spot" than a "holy grail". no matter the wording: praise the lord of funny science!!!
Its a lovely orange, will keep my food worm, and self sanitizing? I'd like a whole set please.
This video has everything; radio photography, chicken mummy, danger noodle....
"And everything went fussssh". I just love it when he talks technical.
Rays for everyone!
My favorite mad scientist of youtube.
My mom still has a full set of these. She's known about the radioactivity since I was little, but maybe this video will help her decide to pick up a new set for next holiday 😅
To be fair the radiation is probably less dangerous than the lead, which can be as high as 20% in those bright orange glazes.. Have her get uranium glass, instead of glazed ceramic, and it’s the best of both worlds!
Wait, i remember him saying that eating from theese plates from time to time is not dangerous and now he says that it'd give you heavy metal poisoning? huh
Eating acidic food on them is bad and moderation is key
long ago, they would put film in a manila envelope to take xrays, but film needs a lot of radiation to become exposed. the light box cassette helped reduce that dose a lot. modern xray cassettes do not use film but instead use phosphors that retain the xray image and then can be flashed clean. these require even less xray dosage because you dont need to overcome the film barrier anymore. more modern exam rooms have image receptors that use scintillation chips that are easy activated by xrays, further reducing the dosage needed.
As a borosilicate glass artist, uranium glass is used a lot. Primarily for the glow under black light
If you work in any kind of labor job, remember the corner cutting safety wise you undoubtedly do to get the job over with sooner? People back when these plates were made did they same stuff likely more often with far more dangerous materials. Hindsight being 20-20 knowing what we know now, it makes sense why our life spans are drastically longer than our ancestors; and it makes me thankful for science and the benefits it has brought to daily life in the 21st century.
lifespan longer now vs then is probably more due to improved hygiene, , vaccination, better medicine including antibiotics, better nutrition, ...
I am so excited to see more radiation related videos!! I'd love to see you guys try to x-ray various items with a much hotter gamma source like a radium compass. Ive personally got one that has a contact dose rate of over 225 uSv/hr. Nasty stuff! I keep it double ziplock bagged in a glass jar to minimize the radon leakage.
I would absolutely love if you did a deep dive into tube construction, not just for x-ray propagation and properties, but potentially for neon tubes and amplifiers.. I know it's a stretch but I'd love to learn more about altering x-ray properties, like, can we get a tube to emit monochromatically? And how far can we adjust said wavelength? I'm heading into silicon engineering, and x-ray photolithography is one of those things that really caught my attention a while back, I just haven't been able to test any of my theories yet.