Adrenergic Drugs Part 1 | Pharmacology | Dr Najeeb👨⚕️
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- เผยแพร่เมื่อ 1 ส.ค. 2024
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Adrenergic Drugs Part 1 | Pharmacology | Dr Najeeb👨⚕️
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▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬ Contents of this video ▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬
00:00:00 Introduction, Autonomic NS pharmacology, Subtypes
00:05:25 Neurophysiology of sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous system
00:10:30 How sympathetic nervous system activated? Function of hypothalamus and limbic system
00:16:20 Polyneuronal sympathetic descending pathway
00:19:16 Sympathetic outflow, Adrenergic and non-adrenergic receptors, acetylcholine, nor epinephrine
00:25:45 Recap
00:26:15 How nerve endings work? Neurotransmitter synthesis, storage and release
00:30:12 Synthesis of norepinephrine (Tyrosine, DOPA, Dopamine, Norepinephrine)
00:46:46 How norepinephrine release? Depolarization sensitive Calcium channel
00:55:15 Inhibitory function of Alpha 2 receptor
00:58:31 What happens to norepinephrine after its release?
01:07:16 Drugs effect on nerve endings of adrenergic transmission (Metyrosine, Reserpine, Guanethidine, Alpha methyl dopa)
01:29:50 Concept of agonist, antagonist, partial agonist, mixed agonist and antagonist
01:39:38 Adrenoceptor Blocker or antagonist (sympatholytic drugs)
Alpha blockers
Beta blockers
01:47:56 Recap
01:50:14 sympathomimetic Drugs and its classification
01:53:21 A) Direct acting sympathomimetic drugs
02:11:25 B) Indirect acting sympathomimetic drugs (cocaine, TCA)
02:22:40 Distribution of adrenergic receptors on different body tissues
02:43:23 Changes in body under the influence of adrenergic response
02:44:17 a) Changes in hairs
02:46:41 b) Changes in eyes (pupils, ciliary muscles, lens etc.)
03:01:12 c) Changes in GIT
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Adrenergic Agonists are drugs that lead to stimulation of the adrenergic receptors. In doing so, adrenergic agonists generally simulate activation of certain aspects of the sympathetic nervous system and are thus also known as "sympathomimetics".
Mechanisms of Action
Overview
A diverse variety of sympathomimetics exist which operate using distinct mechanisms. In general, these compounds are divided into direct-acting, indirect-acting, or mixed-acting agonists depending on whether they directly activate adrenergic receptors or do so by indirect mechanisms
Direct-acting Agonists
Direct agonists physically bind the adrenergic receptor and simulate binding of an endogenous ligand. These compounds can be highly specific, activating only certain subtypes of receptors, or can be rather promiscuous.
Indirect-acting Agonists
Indirect agonists do not physically bind adrenergic receptors. Instead, these compounds indirectly lead to receptor activation through a variety of possible mechanisms which include promoting release of endogenously-stored norepinephrine from presynaptic terminals as well as inhibition of norepinephrine re-uptake and degradation from the synapse.
Mixed-acting Agonists
Mixed agonists simply refer to those compounds which display both direct and indirect mechanisms of actions. As such, these compounds directly bind adrenergic receptors but also promote the indirect mechanisms described above.
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Chromogranin
*Sympatholytic drugs*
Methyl-tyrosine: strongly binds with tyrosine hydroxylase *disrupts synthesis*
Reserpine: blocks vesicular transporters *disrupts storage*
Guanadrel, Bretylium: blocks vesicle binding to cell membrane *disrupts release*
Alpha-methyl-DOPA: fools the synthetic mechanism
Adrenergic antagonists ⭐
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Chromogranin
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