Band Gap and Semiconductor Current Carriers | Intermediate Electronics
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- เผยแพร่เมื่อ 20 ก.ค. 2024
- What makes a semiconductor a semiconductor? For that matter, what makes an insulator an insulator and a conductor a conductor? It all comes down to how much energy it takes to pull an electron away from its nucleus! We delve into this and also talk about how not only electrons move but also the lack of electrons, or holes, move. It's kinda weird but pretty cool. Check it out!
Subscribe to CircuitBread for more videos on intermediate electronics! This video is on our website, as well as the animations and a written transcript: www.circuitbread.com/tutorial...
00:14 Parts of an Atom
00:37 Valence Band
01:00 Band Gap
01:19 Three Types of Materials used in Electronics and their Band Gaps
02:00 Current Carriers in a Semiconductor
03:34 Summary
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Hi everyone - if you want to read about this at your own pace with embedded animations, check out the tutorial on our site: www.circuitbread.com/tutorials/band-gap-and-semiconductor-current-carriers
Have a great one!
I cannot describe how happy i am to understand this just before my exam. Thank you so much.😄
Awesome! Good luck on your exam!
@@CircuitBread thank you.
same i'm so confused before watching that video but when i watched it now my concept is fully clear
Same here
Same here
Three teachers around here couldn't even explain a singular minute of this as good as how you did, God bless you.
Bravo! Finally found someone who can explain it in simple terms! You are the best!
Thank you for such a clear explanation! Straight to the point
Thanks! Semiconductors have never been my strong point so we were trying to make something straightforward enough that I could understand. 😄
I love how simplistic and up to the point you are
thank you so much!!
You did such an awesome job at describing this! I appreciate these videos and hope you do more in the future! :D
Thanks, Jennifer!
I finally understood what is the hole current!!! Thank you so much! I've always asked to my professor why the holes can flow and I never had a satisfied answer. It turns out to be electron current but at valence shell!
Wow! The way you explained it so simply and visually was incredible!
Thanks a lot for making this, you really cleared up a lot of confusion I had.
Awesome, glad to hear it helped!
Thank you, the most simple and complete in same time explanintion i've ever seen
These videos are fantastic! Why haven't I seen you before now?! Thank you
Thanks for the video. Simple, plain and short.
That actually helped, i can't how much i googled it this is the first video that actually helped
I had a hard time understanding this concept. This helped a lot. Thanks
Amazing video! Cleared the hole concept
Clearly explained 🤩🤩... Those animation videos removed all my confusions and doubts that have from past many years...
Glad it helped out and made things more intuitive!
this is best, simple and easy way of teaching Band gap and semiconductor. I like your videos👍
This is such an awesome video!
very nice visual explanation thanks
Very well explained. Thank you!
thanks for this simple explaning
Beautiful video!
Awesome explaination ❣️
Concise and clear !!!! THANK YOU!
I am wo happy I watched this.
Thanks so so much.
Thank you for making this video!
you are a great teacher ...........no words to say...thankyou...................so..... much..............dint understand when watched many videos..but only this made me know.........thankyou.......😁😁😁🤩🤩🤩
I came here to understand band gap and got more than I hoped for. Tthe effort put purely into explaining the concept as apprehensible as possible is heart warming. I thought I'd subscribed to your channel already but was glad I wasn't so I could do it now. Awesome job, sir!
BTW... in my head, I picture charge carrier holes as bubbles in water (since they're just 'empty space' in the 'actual substance'). Would you say this is a reasonable metaphor? I'm just curious why I can't recall seeing this anywhere else while some people seem to hold on to all sorts of water analogies even when the atom model might be easier to grasp.
Thanks for the kind comments! And yes, I think that would be a great metaphor!
i watched many videos trying to understand bands, gaps, and how that relates to electrons, but all the videos i have watched up till now miss the importance of describing WHERE the conduction band is relative to the valence band on an atom. If they leave out one little piece of information it sends you crazy trying to understand the rest. Thank you so much for your video, now I can continue.
Thanks Aussie! I have definitely been there before and am glad we were able to help eliminate that confusion/frustration for you!
Thank you so much for your amazing explanation!!!
Excellent explanation!
very nice explanation thank you circuit board
Amazing explaination🤗🤗🤗🙌👍
Very helpful explanation. Thanks!
That was very helpful. Thank you
Great explanation!
I'm currently looking into Thermal generators and conductors, this video is very awsome your sound quality is ver nice and you speak very freely i love this video pls make more you should have an way bigger audience with this Video Quality and information
Thank you!
i am soooooo glad to find you. thanks, you saved my life
Hi Irem - glad we could help!
Great work, helped lot. thank you
very clear presentation, I like it.
Amazingly clear explanation. Thank you
Thanks Mevyn!
Thank u sir. This video cleared my doubts on hole current
Thank you very much for the clear and precise explanation. 😊
You're welcome!
Great job mate! Thanks a lot!
YOU ARE HEAVEN SENT.. THANKYOU SOO MUCH
Awesome video, it was so helpful 😀 💯💯💯💯💯💯
THANK YOU FOR VISUALIZATION
im gratful with your explaination :)
Thank you for great explanation, it helped me a lot! :)
Fantastic - I'm glad it helped!
Thank you for clarifying my doubts.........
Subscribed and liked bro good vid... I already know a bit about band Gap and transparency, just trying to refresh. Came across a vid about it from an English bloke and he was explaining with plastic balls from a kids play place... I found your vid right after.. you ever notice that Brits are smarter and more informed than the average person here, but I think that our best of the best outshine over here
Glad to be of service! I think I watch so much BBC television that I don't even notice accents now unless I'm consciously thinking about it. As for comparing the US to Great Britain, I'm not gutsy enough to jump into that conversation! 😂
Still creating a bang !After 5 years tooo..... Thanks a lot.....
It's really very helpful
this was so clear! thank you
Awesome, glad to hear it helped!
Great explanation of the band gap. Thank you! Do you have knowledge in the perovskite semiconductor field?
Hi Melody! Sorry, I only recognize the word perovskite from doing some reading about LEDs and solar panels - nothing in depth at all.
such a good teacher and explanation mate.
Thanks Iñigo! I appreciate the feedback!
Nicely Explained sir
Amazing very nice explanation have finally understood
Awesome!
Could you explain how to define CBM and VBM when a trap state or a middle state is generated in the band gap?
Great explanation, thank you!
Thanks for the feedback, we really appreciate it! We put a lot of stuff out there and we hope it's useful for people!
clear and direct
Thanks!
Thank you for your videos. The presentation is really nice and it makes me curious about the other videos ! :D I still have a question if you have time. Why large band gap semiconductors like SiC are better than Si ? I mean if a narrow band gap needs less energy to make the electrons goes into the conduction band, why SiC would be better than Si as SiC has a larger band gap ?
That's a great question and one that I'd rather refer you to a good article rather than try and explain it in a TH-cam comment. I recommend going to: www.wolfspeed.com/knowledge-center/article/importance-of-silicon-carbide-wide-bandgap I don't know who this company is but they have a good explanation on this topic. I hope it helps!
@@CircuitBread Thank you for your answer and I hope that your channel will work as good as you want :)
Nice explained sir🙏🙏🙏 I understood it very clearly and thanks for clearing my doubt. Sir
Love from India ❤️
You're welcome!!
Thank you ❤️ 2days before exam searching for a animated video to understand semiconductor 😂♥️♥️
Awesome video, thank you
Thanks, glad it helped!
very clear
Great for test review! Also, a Fermi level video would come in handy
Thanks Luis! Y'know, we talked about doing a Fermi level video but didn't think there was quite enough content to create a video out of it. So Susie put together a quick overview on our website, let me know what you think: www.circuitbread.com/ee-faq/whats-fermi-level-and-why-is-it-important-in-a-semiconductor
thanks very much.
Holes(vacant space) in valence band
Near by electron in valence band moves to make current in valence band
Great video. But, what do you mean by giving electrons energy? How do you define energy?
Por favor, sigue haciendo vídeos. Son muy útiles.
¡Gracias! Estamos planeando hacer más videos sobre diodos y transistores pronto, y esperamos que ayuden.
Amazing work!
Thanks Teresa!
Well said
Hey! does your syllabus matches with ours CBSE?
By the way in which standard do you study?
Hi, Thank you very much for your explanation, I understood the valence band is the outermost shell of an atom, then what is exactly the conduction band, is it one of the shells of an atom? or where the free electrons are present that we call C.B?
The conduction band is made up of electrons that are NOT firmly attached to any atoms but just kinda "float" around in what is considered a "sea of electrons". Hopefully that clarifies things!
you did great
What a nice voice! Great explanation, too.
Thank you! This is going to go straight to Josh's head, though... 😉
Thanks buddy
Perfection.
Thanks man lots of love from India
Thanks!
Hi, there, your video is awesome, thanks so much for posting this, could I download it and share it with my friends in China?
Caixia Hou u don’t need to ask for permission lol
Nice!! I'm wondering... those free electrons in the conduction band are they jumping from atom to atom or still orbiting there original atoms??
The ones in the conduction band are moving freely among the atoms, basically in that "sea of electrons" - so not even jumping from atom to atom but more just operating as completely independent entities. Then when there's an outside force acting on them (creating diffusion and drift currents), they just move.
@@CircuitBread Thanks
So will hole current still be present if no voltage source is applied? I understand it still needs some energy as mentioned but is that provided by the temperature or a voltage source?
You'll get what's called diffusion current when there's no voltage source ( www.circuitbread.com/ee-faq/what-is-the-difference-between-drift-and-diffusion-currents-in-a-semiconductor ) and it will be both hole and electron current. There are two factors to consider, though. One, whether there are any free carriers - which is dependent on temperature and doping, allowing electrons and holes to move around. And then if there are free carriers you have the second factor. And that is if there are forces causing those free carriers to move, which is either diffusion or a voltage source.
Sir explain about direct and indirect Band gap in semiconductor
GREAT !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
Basically my whole day of studying summarized into 4 minutes.
thank u soooo much so helpful
You're welcome, I'm glad it helped!
What is difference between narrow band gap and wider band gap in semiconductor?
so if i am right free electron moves and create holes while other electrons fill the hole and that is how the current ae transpoted?
Is there a practical experience with passing an electric current through a silicon chip doped with boron? P_ type
Can U Please Make A Breif Video About How Band Gap Develops In Any Atom Or Material With 2 To 3 Example.!
I'll be Grateful.!
When there are equal number of free electrons and holes will it be classified as electron flow or hole flow?
During electron flow it will also create hole flow right? when hole flow it will also be electron flow right? How do define whether something is electron flow or hole flow?
wonderful
First at all thank you for this wonderful explication!!
I have a question. What is the unit of measure of band gap?
Hi Montserrat! The units are electron-volts (eV). I once had an intuitive understanding of what "electron-volt" means but I've lost it and I can't remember. But that is the unit used.
@@CircuitBread electron volt is the energy gained by an electron when potential difference of 1 Volt is provided!
By the way thanks a lot brother😄.
It helped me a lot!
Loved your voice Mr
Thank you!!
I might have missed it but does the conduction band show up anywhere in the Bohr model/diagram? I feel like it appeared in this video without being introduced.
The conduction band is based on the Bohr model, but it wasn't touched on in this video. I've considered doing another video focusing on that, but I would need to get back to Dr. Campbell for her specialist help because I know I couldn't explain it well enough with my current understanding.
Us the band gap big or the electrons or the bound is strong between the electron and the nuclei
Greaaaaaaaaaaaaat effort. keep it up
Thanks!
I am trying to create an animated display explaining semiconductors for a computer museum. I'm worse than a novice, I'm just a curious bystander. I am trying to get an idea how many doped atoms have to be introduced into a silicon crystal to optimize its semiconducting characteristics. one out of five? one out of a thousand? is there any particular pattern to the where the boron or gallium molecules fit into the silicon lattice? If you can point us to any resources, we would be greatly appreciative. Keep up the great work!
Good questions! The dopant level can vary greatly but you're probably looking in the range of 1 out of 10,000 to 1 out of 100,000. Just to give a *very* rough range. I remember being caught off-guard in college by the dopant levels because they're almost non-existent in terms of the numbers we use in "normal" life yet somehow make a huge difference in how the material operates.
In regards to there being a particular pattern, there isn't one that I'm aware of. I think it's fairly random. And sorry, I don't have any specific reference that I would recommend for these more in-depth questions though Wikipedia is always a good place to start!
bravo !!!!
Hello, thanks for the video! I have a question . Do valence band electrons still belong to specific atoms? Because my book states that the electrons do not belong to any particular atom but I found this definition online : valence band is the range of permissible energy values that are the highest energies an electron can have and still be associated with a particular atom of a solid material. Thanks in advance!
Great question! I worked with a PhD in chemistry (her Masters is in EE) and she helped us with the accuracy in these videos but I wouldn't consider myself, personally, as a definitive resource. That being said, when working with her, we addressed valence electrons as still being associated with a specific atom. However, the bond is so loose, that people will often consider them to be completely unassociated - I've heard the phrase "sea of electrons" to envision them just floating among the different atoms. I wonder if the biggest difference is one of charge - while the electrons aren't physically associated with a specific atom, there is an electron for each atom to maintain a neutral charge.
@@CircuitBread Thank you for your quick response!
2:48 then what will be attracted to negativr end of the voltage?
On hand, nothing. On the other hand, that nothingness is sometimes represented as holes. Which is the absence of electrons. So, nothing.