Animation of Protein Synthesis (Translation) in Prokaryotes.

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Initiation of translation in prokaryotes:
The small ribosomal subunit is separated from the large subunit with the help of two initiation factors: IF1 and IF3. This complex then binds a to purine-rich region -- the Shine-Dalgarno sequence -- upstream of the AUG start codon on the mRNA. The Shine-Dalgarno sequence is base-paired to a complementary sequence on the 16S rRNA - a component of the small subunit. This alignment ensures that the start codon is in the right position within the ribosome. Another initiation factor - IF2 - brings in the initiator tRNA charged with the initiator amino acid N-formyl-methionine. The large ribosomal subunit joins the complex and all initiation factors are released. The ribosome has three sites: the A-site is the entry site for new tRNA charged with amino-acid or aminoacyl-tRNA; the P-site is occupied by peptidyl-tRNA - the tRNA that carries the growing polypeptide chain; the E-site is the exit site for the tRNA after it's done delivering the amino acid. The initiator tRNA is positioned in the P-site.
Elongation: A new tRNA carrying an amino acid enters the A-site of the ribosome. On the ribosome, the anticodon of the incoming tRNA is matched against the mRNA codon positioned in the A-site. During this proof-reading, tRNA with incorrect anticodons are rejected and replaced by new tRNA that are again checked. When the right aminoacyl-tRNA enters the A-site, a peptide bond is made between the two now-adjacent amino-acids. As the peptide bond is formed, the tRNA in the P-site releases the amino-acids onto the tRNA in the A-site and becomes empty. At the same time, the ribosome moves one triplet forward on the mRNA. As a result, the empty tRNA is now in the E-site and the peptidyl tRNA is in the P-site. The A-site is now unoccupied and is ready to accept a new tRNA. The cycle is repeated for each codon on the mRNA.
Termination: Termination happens when one of the three stop codons is positioned in the A-site. No tRNA can fit in the A-site at that point as there are no tRNA that match the sequence. Instead, these codons are recognized by a protein, a release factor. Binding of the release factor catalyzes the cleavage of the bond between the polypeptide and the tRNA. The polypeptide is released from the ribosome. The ribosome is disassociated into subunits and is ready for a new round of translation. The newly made polypeptide usually requires additional modifications and folding before it can become an active protein.

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[@samnaps1]

Funny how my teacher rambles on about this for 45min, resulting in 3 pages of notes at size 9 font, when this 4 min video pretty much sums it up (with the exception of a few things)...

[@jamesburmeister1608]

Pretty amazing isn't it

[@BBBuckley]

without that rambling this video would be difficult to digest

[@Mrjmaxted0291]

Which details are missing?

[@jamesburmeister1608]

Mrjmaxted0291 the elongation factors, and the other two release factors. Some other stuff too but those are the big things

[@kashmirapradhan6542]

Yes EF-Ts it charges the EF-Tu,
EF-Tu(Gtpase)- it brings the new tRNA to the A site
EF-G (Gtpase)- it helps to push the tRNA in P site to E site to exit
And There are some Releasing Factors too in the process of Termination

[@kristinataras5898]

This is by far one of the best videos on prokaryotic translation I've seen on all of youtube! Thank youuuu

[@Alilamedicalmedia]

Thanks for commenting! We're glad you like it!

[@ASUR_003]

Yes dear

[@ewr4546]

You are right

[@ewr4546]

Hay where are you from

[@singhmilandip]

I can't explain how helpful it was. I was struggling in reading and trying to understand every step in detail and now after seeing this video everything is moving right in front of my eyes. Thank God I watched it.

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[@pbijoyasingha7700]

Alila Medical Media thank you so much. the simplest illustration. so helpful

[@Luke51015]

This was so beautifully explained. Literally couldn't have asked for anything better

[@ameliabenjamin2648]

Wonderful video. It's amazing how you were able to explain it so well in 4 minutes and I got more out of that than 20 minutes of my own teacher's lecture! Thanks for helping!!

[@davidcherilus9112]

Holy cow! Literally the best animated explanation on youtube. OMG! THANK YOU

[@debistutisaha4170]

Amazing... Really cleared all my doubts on all those factors... So detailed and yet so easy... Really awesome

[@Thomashg2305]

very nice video. :)
It would have been nice if the enlogation factors EF-Tu, EF-Ts and EF-G was included though, that is the difficult part :/

[@gardy-dlavertu7237]

Thank you so much! Every video ive watched until now lack so much details!

[@frost6410]

after 6 year this video is still LIT for every student; Thank you.

[@KaleidoscopeFay]

Except for missing some of the non-ribosome protein factors.. this is so good accurate and to the point. Thanks
I'm so recommending this to my classmates.

[@preronalive7409]

Seriously it is a video that is sure to clear all the concepts.#best one i have found till now.

[@ArielStar]

This is a nice overall summary. Thank you very much!

[@daniellagarcia1954]

It's almost like you read my mind on what I wanted to visualize!!! Thank you so much

[@Alilamedicalmedia]

I'm so glad!

[@shivamkalita2425]

Short yet detailed as well!👍

[@janetspellman3945]

Thanks for the helpful summary this finally makes sense!

[@daisymapfumo8273]

Simplified yet detailed.. thank you

[@Biopedia_]

Loved it. What an excellent explaination.

[@hafsa7903]

Very well explained! Thank you so much!!

[@sayanroy2667]

The Best TH-cam Video In My Entire Life... It is so much Helpful ❤

[@tulika._sen]

Best video of prokaryotic translation. Thank you.

[@Big_Steve11]

Wow, clear, concise, easy. Thanks

[@memoonachohan7863]

thanks, sir you done very good job. I thoroughly understood the topic first time.

[@jamesburmeister1608]

Shoutout to this video. Really helped me understand

[@thefreeman1576]

Really good displaying of protein translation in eukaryotes. Thank you alila medical media. But I have to watch it again to grasp it wholly.

[@nancykhalf4044]

prokaryotes

[@whiteheart6430]

This is really good work.... I really appreciate you

[@teamsmallzvid5282]

THANK YOU VERY MUCH ,RECOMMENDING THIS TO MY FRIENDS AND MENTORS

[@user-sw1ll9hk3h]

I can't explain how this video saves me from the fear of this topic,just amazing.All of my doubts and confusions are completely clear now.Thanks a lot for making this life saving video

[@elkanahhaon1790]

Super video finally gave me a clear understanding.

[@qasimraza3377]

Excellent ...! Just got my mind clear in 4 minutes

[@shamimyeasirsaion1467]

brilliant one! This is by far one of the best video

[@scottstephens9860]

Good stuff dude, loved the video!

[@nasirchinyotifans]

Best vedio I have ever seen about this topic Thanks!

[@pranavireddy1605]

Your videos are always the best👏👍❤️👌

[@livebiochemistry]

Beautiful explained

[@anjaneyaprasadrayguru2156]

Amazing video, superb

[@AngelinaRomero-tj4sn]

This really helped me understand thank you!

[@Alcor_mizar]

It is easy to understand .... Thankyou!! you explained it very well.

[@raeesa23]

loved it... jazakallah khair🙌🏻

[@uhRoid]

This is precisely why i went into science; simply amazing!

[@nagendrac270]

clear cut explanation , thank you

[@Sameerali-uw1tl]

Thank you so much 💖 you make this topic easy

[@alexu176]

100/10 best explanation on youtube

[@um1569]

Thank you so much for these videos! My notes are just so hard to understand :( this makes it sooooo much easier :D

[@seadimomahlasi4031]

You made this clear. Thank you

[@jeannettecruz6684]

Thank you, thank you, thank you so much!

[@Snehasish604]

Exceptionally good

[@yamilaasrin1976]

Thanks, this video is so clear. Greetings from Argentina

[@i-chiehchiang3421]

It's very useful! Thanks a lot!

[@frankm.c.5167]

awesome animation!

[@hadeerrashad5486]

Excellent video

[@kirandubey4112]

Perfect ... crystal clear 👍

[@rockoquels]

Beautiful!

[@anoop4009]

Easiest n simplest way a translation process can be explained!!!! Love it

[@muhtadamhre5778]

this video is so helpful for me to undrstand translation

[@Sushmahj.2003]

Concept is easily understand by this vedio 👏👍

[@manojdev7847]

very useful , simple n awesome video this is...!

[@monalisaK9085]

Amazing ...well defined sir

[@Shubham-pt8rv]

A very big thank-you ❤️

[@SanaKhan-hg4gd]

Thank you so much.. Today is my ppr and it is so helpful 😍

[@sanarshadtarar]

much better than my teacher..

[@asuramunikavishadesilva371]

Thank you so much!❤

[@girleanualexandru1971]

Thank you very much!

[@srikarialuri1474]

Wow simply amazing

[@day4640]

very nice! Thank you!

[@ashitiyadav8742]

How cool ..thank you so much 💕

[@nebaseid852]

this is insane... i have been struggling with this concepts for the last 3 hrs ..... and finally 4 min vedio was enough and i am laughing....tnxsss so much

[@MegaSeacreature]

THIS IS GOLD!

[@fannyirinapimentelmarmol8613]

excellent video

[@silvergirl6265]

thank you sooo much this helped me a lot :D !

[@capriceporter9940]

Another good one !!!

[@puterieliaelisaizaharshah3354]

this helps a lot! thank you

[@simplylebo3693]

Thank you so much!!

[@elizanettecastillo]

Great Video!

[@MsKatiable]

Well done!

[@jonathanlewis333]

Fantastic!

[@ericaw6424]

THANK YOU SO MUCH

[@mustafafarhati9882]

Nice animations.

[@talhaoz1956]

Thanks a lot!

[@Study101]

Good vid, very helpful

[@assistant2220]

THANK YOU!

[@drzaki593]

fantastic one , thank U

[@xochitllee24]

Excellent!!

[@johntindell9591]

Thx a lot. Very helpful indeed.

[@rahulgautam7880]

Awesome video

[@lutetium90]

thank you great video

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Great Video

[@sowjanyaviyyapu4608]

Helped alott...Thank u so much Sir

[@pranavshamanur7329]

thank u....understood perfectly.. thanks

[@adityalohia9605]

best video to understand translation....😍😍

[@haripriyaathithan]

Thanks very much .

[@snehapadghan6007]

Thank you so much

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Thank you so much❤❤❤❤

[@wasimhaider8901]

superb dear sir.

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Thank you!!! :D

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It was really helpful 👍🏻

[@maryamkhalidmaryamkhalid3601]

Very well explain

[@pinkisharma-vt6tp]

I am from India i watch this video it is very helpful for my exams thak you so much for nice explanation 🙏🙏