✨ WORLDWIDE SHIPPING AVAILABLE ✨ The 12,024 Human Era Calendar has landed! shop.kgs.link/12024 Join us on an exploration of how different cosmic conditions could shape unique worlds and civilizations. Stocks are highly limited, so don’t miss your chance to own a truly special piece of kurzgesagt.
As someone who is studying for a PhD in medical genetics, I am simply amazed by this video. Even though evolutionary biology is not my field, my mind was blown by the idea of the universe being warm enough to support life everywhere for millions of years, in the past.
Okay but imagine if there was a single civilization as intelligent as we are alive during those first few million years Would they know that in a few million years their world would be completely chilled because they are in the middle of space, not orbiting any star? Would they be able to figure out how early they are in the universe? With 10³⁰ planets I will bet that it did happen at least once during that time
When I was at university, I went to a talk from a scientist working on the (then proposed, now funded) Titan Dragonfly probe mission. One of her answers from the q&a at the end always stuck with me: Someone had asked her what kind of guidance systems The landing stage would have to avoid obstacles on the ground. She said they would use existing ground maps and on-board radar to detect large obstacles like boulders and chasms. Smaller obstacles, like trees, would be a lot more difficult to detect and dodge -- "but if we land in a tree," she said, "we win."
"damnit, our probe is stuck in a damned tree, and it looks like something is chewing on it as well! Guess we will never know if life exists on that planet!"
I can’t explain precisely why, but this video felt extremely magical to watch. I don’t know if it was the story of the idea the whole universe could’ve been alive at one point (and maybe still is), the idea that every potential alien civilisation out there has the same roots, or maybe the stunning soundtrack. Great job Kurzgesagt because I really really like this video.
This. The possibility that all life in the universe might have the same roots, and that there could be millions of worlds with some kind of life is awe inspiring.
@nepaliens6479 you may of found it surreal because it has deep ties to our evolutionary origins. a key example of this bioevolutionary primordial starting block is mushrooms. Their networks make up 60% of earths total biomass, all higher cognitive creatures are extensions of fungal networks and their spores are so electron dense they can survive space radiation. Allowing them to float planet to planet. The interesting thing is they have symbiotic relationships with higher cognitive beings on planets it has permeated. And can access all previous chained worlds in the form of a trip to provide heavily distilled wisdom. Which is why they were partially seen as gods by old religions. Something to ponder.
This is the first time the alien-seed-theory actually seemed based in logic and science and wasn't just an 'I dunno' cop-out! Thank so much for explaining it so well
I agree, and it really seems like the theory makes sense. But just like everything else, just because it is self-consistent doesn't mean it is actually valid, regardless of how much we may enjoy the idea of it. While it may appear that life is older than Earth, the theories may be a mad dash for an excuse that Earth is not special to justify the wrong doing by so many corporations to, as far we know, the only life that exists in the entire universe. It matters that we don't know what's out there, but at the same time it doesn't because the 'bad guys' can use these kinds of theories to justify whatever they want.
@@CoffeeKillersClubbit of a stretch to think people doing bad things need to go to such lengths just to have another excuse for doing bad things. There's always an excuse. Doesn't matter what our scientific understanding is or ever will be. People will take anything to justify their actions, good or bad.
If the first genomes were alien in origin... then it's another chicken-and-egg paradox. Which one came first, the alien genome or whatever it was that the genome needs to make life and more of itself?
@@Archiva1-k2oThe primordial universe was so dense and hot that the first genomes and/or proteins may have assembled by chance on asteroids or planets. The argument is that the first genomes were simple enough to have formed by chance, allowing for primordial extremely simple life forms to exist.
Even after all these years of watching Kurzgesagt, I still can't believe these amazing little documentaries are completely free for everyone to watch. Everyone really should watch them too.
One of the things I love about Kurzgesagt. All of their masterpiece videos are free for all to watch instead of putting them behind paywells like Patreon or whatever
It’s such a crazy yet simple concept I’m actually blown away I never thought of it. The universe at one point was really hot and cooled to where it’s at now. Not sure why I never considered the fact that for a period of time the entire universe felt like going outside on planet earth temperature wise. Guess you’re so often reminded of how hostile the universe is that the idea of it being a comfortable temperature is immediately discarded. At least for me anyway
It is quite fascinating to imagine isn't it! Although it is important to note that it was a pretty short length of time on cosmic scales. First molecules formed after ~100,000 years when the universe had cooled to a chilly 4000° K. Then, somewhere between 10-17 million years after the big bang the universe would've been cooling from 100° C to 0° C which is when this early universe habitable period would've been conceivable. ~7 million years is kinda short for the emergence of life potentially, especially because there likely were few (if any) dense concentrations of matter like a planet yet, but maybe it's enough to make for some extremely primordial life!
@@treyshafferThe most important part for me when looking at this theory is not the amount of time, but the amount of source space that qualified for life. Considering most scientists think the origin of life is a monkey with a typewriter kind of situation, considering that for 7 million years there was a nigh-infinite legion of monkeys makes the whole thing a lot more plausible.
@@treyshafferShort timespan perhaps, but on the other hand the universe is inconceivably large, possibly infinite. So if *all* of it was like a warm summer day it seems that almost anything could happen.
Also interesting the universe was much smaller with the same amount of matter so it was very compact Meaning the entire Universe would of had an Atmosphere . Imagine going to space without the need for a space suit
I am wondering, maybe because the speed in which the universe cooled down or something else prevented any complex life forms from taking shape or perhaps those creatures died before they could do anything? Seems a bit odd how we are alone. Unless there is truly no possible way to travel faster than light.@@treyshaffer
I am a genetics scientist, and I love your videos - here are my notes regarding it. The evolutionary clock is a tool that should be used with caution. Typically, evolutionary clocks are designed to detect discrete changes in evolution when coupled with heuristic systems and advanced AI's and programs to approximate (essentially, to periods within a million years) when species diverge. However, when we roll it back, this type of data becomes untenable and stochastic the further and further we push it. Also, size of DNA does not confer complexity - for example, Corn has a comparable size and is extremely complex, and the "size of functional genome" is a misleading term, because genomes carry innumerable functions that exist in benign or seemingly "empty" sections of genetic code. For example, the "function" of color changes in maize kernels is no where to be found when sequencing their genetic code, but a function of their code has huge sections of DNA sequences morphing around - constantly changing position of certain sequences which changes the organism itself, in real time modifying the output of pigment (changing some kernels to black, polka dot, etc). These are called "transposons" and play a huge roll in diversity and function in both corn and humans alike - so much so, that we have to say that they are apart of a "transposome" - like genes are apart of a "genome". Elements of the genetic code like this are inextricably entwined with essentially all life, and therefore size of genomes (in itself) rarely denotes or confers complexity (e.g. Corn is 1/3 as large as humans, but we seem vastly more than 3x as complex than an ear of corn, right?). Thus even if we deny the existence of elements like transposons as being "nonfunctional" and forget that these nonfunctional sections of genetic code harbor huge "game changers" regarding function on both micro and macro molecular scales, and just look at size itself, we see that this is rarely a dimension that can be relied upon when determining complexity and therefore the pathway that evolution has taken to reach it. Although we would love to be able to use molecular clocks in this way, for instance, we could take it a step further. If we could iron out the kinks in genetic data, we could in theory use these clocks to reverse engineer down to pinpoints in a temporal landscape - as in: "On what date and time in history did human beings diverge from the neanderthals?" - do a bit of mathematics and genetics legwork with the help of our best ai models- and begin to synthesize prehistoric (and pre-human) events. We are already able to do this, but the degree of precision is lackluster (millions of years of deviation) and already cloudy and unreliable due to the presence of things like transposons. Please keep in mind, this is not a request for Kurzgesagt to recant (or whatever the yt equivalent is) - but to consider a few things. For example, in biomolecular evolution, certain plants develop things like poisons extremely rapidly, seemingly within a few generations. How is it possible for these plants to evolve the protein mechanisms neceseary to make such refined poisonous chemicals, any of which, a stray or missing hydrogen atom in their composition along the way will ultimately cause the "poison" - (which we are going to to infer was caused due to a survival of fittest paradigm where these chemicals are evolved as defense mechanisms) to fail because it has no potency with a specific rearrangement of these particular atoms. So, how do the plants know? Also, the plants do not possess scientific capability to potentiate its biochemicals through any other means then by allowing the ones who have produced the best and most potent poison the ability to reproduce more. The answer here, is that biomolecular evolution (a precursor to regular evoltuion) happens, in some cases, very, very fast on a relative evolutionary timeframe. And in some cases, it is explosive and exponential and never regressive in the "long run" when considering things on the cosmic scale. However, this notion does not discredit the video, because survival of the fittest is in theory something that will apply universally , across the entire cosmos, to every DNA and DNA-like-yielding organism. While we may not have come from the same baby-universe source of biochemical stew, we all, and all of our future generations until the end of time, will have to abide by its rules, and cosmic life will need to abide by its commonalities. Thus, this evolutionary clock may not be a great indicator of the past, but it could end up, with much fine tuning, to being an exemplary predictor of the future of universal life.
Though we cannot use the evolutionary clock to confirm it, it doesn't outright reject the hypothesis that all life stems from a period where the entire universe was room-temperature does it?
I recently conducted some research on the origin of life. To be frank, I'm not particularly fond of this video. As a scientific and informative channel, Kurzgesagt chose this topic and presented a highly debatable hypothesis, seemingly for the sake of garnering more views rather than promoting mainstream scientific consensus. Now, we have knowledge that the Last Universal Common Ancestor (LUCA) existed around 4 billion years ago in hydrothermal vents, equipped with relatively intricate biological mechanisms, potentially capable of transcription and translation. Is it complex? Absolutely. Did life evolve too quickly on Earth? Not necessarily. Once the process of "selection" commenced, evolution played a role, and complexity could have been achieved relatively easily. "Selection" here refers to the molecules essential for primordial life. These molecules weren't randomly assembled by chance. Perhaps the pore size of hydrothermal vents favored larger molecules, or the aggregation of macromolecules facilitated the accumulation of these vital building blocks. Whatever the exact process, it led to the emergence of early life, and evolution took the reins from there. Regrettably, the Pyramids and Moai statues were not constructed by aliens, mermaids don't sing to lure sailors into the sea, and the Loch Ness Monster remains a legendary creature with no verifiable evidence of existence. While some hypotheses lack concrete evidence, the idea of universal alien life may possess some basis. Nevertheless, it's crucial to prioritize scientifically sound and convincing theories, especially given the abundance of alternative hypotheses that are more plausible than this one. I'm not entirely certain, but perhaps I simply prefer dry textbooks over audacious and groundbreaking perspectives.
As a professional plumber of 15 years, I am absolutely astounded by this video. To think that the microbes in toilets and pipes could have originated not in our colons, or even on earth, is nothing short of incredible. Thank you for introducing me to these fascinating concepts
I am actually mindblown by this idea that life could have formed so early, and essentially 'be everywhere'. It would imply even a teeming universe could have life essentially from the same origin, which I think is truly fascinating
What is the Universe? Nothing exists outside of YOUR experience of it. The universe is you. Consciousness is the natural property of existence, it has no beginning or end. You live in a dimensionless space and a timeless now, and there is only one of thing, the only thing that exists is existence.
It's a beautiful idea. The resilience of life on earth and it's "miracles" walking around is beautiful as it is; but i find the idea of life surviving even space, even more beautiful. If i had to describe it, it's like admiration for something that just refuses to die; it's admiration for something that fights so, so hard against entropy, wich in turn, starts to look like a villain whose only goal is destruction, even when it really is no more than a physical concept. If this idea was proven true, it would give a whole different meaning to "life finds a way". That's truly fascinating; life is just, beautiful.
@@vicentelira4468 yes nothing about it is terrifying. The perception that it is terrifying is only due to the film and fiction influence on people's perception of alien life. From a scientist perspective it is simply beautiful, inexplicably fascinating and it evokes so many questions and wonders.
It's the first time I hear about the concept of the Goldilocks universe. It absolutely fascinates me. This video (both the visuals and the narrative) is one of the most beautiful works you've made so far. The fact that content of such astounding quality is available for everyone for free still keeps amazing me. Your project is awesome (it has always been), and contrary to my belief that it could not be done any better, you manage to top yourselves every single time. I can't thank you guys enough for this content, keep it up!!
The peer-review note on one of the main source-papers for this video: "In this contribution, the author attempts to characterize the functional form of the relationship between the sizes of the functional genome of organisms and their appearance in the fossil record. Using five data points (prokaryotes, eukaryotes, worms, fish, and mammals), the author deduces an exponential increase in functional size with time. He then uses this functional relationship to hypothesize an origin of life that exceeds the age of the Earth by a factor of two. From this he concludes that the origin of life cannot have taken place on Earth, but points towards hypotheses of the panspermia type. This paper is an example of how not to analyze data."
First time for me too, which is unusual. I'd really tired of the channel because of all the endless overviews, so I hope this is the start of a trend of giving viewers more credit.
It's not a new concept but it certainly is good. The thought of globs of water in space instead of comets has been such a crazy concept to me. Another fascinating era of life will be trillions of years from now when red dwarves turn into blue dwarves. they get hotter and will push their habitable zones outward, warming more distant planets. Being the most common of the stars this will mean an insane amount of planets will thaw out and life will have its last, and possibly longest, golden age. There are currently no blue dwarves in the universe because the universe is far to young being in the billions of years old not trillions.
@@anarios-ryd Well said, this is stepping into the realm of fantasy more than science. Even so, I am glad this video has interested many people in these fun and thought provoking topics. I must say that Kurzgesagt's videos about the medical field are much more credible and well written than their scientific videos.
Kurzgesagt has the 2 sides, the "Look the amazing ways life could actually have started" and the "An alien species has shot a laser to our planet and we dont know till we all die" Whatever their mood are on each video, the quality is galactic and the fact they do it for us all for FREE makes this deserve all our attention 🗿👌👏👏👏
This left me speechless. The idea that life could be nearly as old as the universe and it being everywhere gave me a warm feeling, because if in the future if we do find alien, and if this is correct, we would know that we are all connected long long ago, like finding a cousin that you didn't even know existed. If this is true, then this could bring all life in the universe together, like a large branching family.
I'll try not to spoil it for you, but yes life/consciousness has existed since the big bang. Before it as well. Inorganic or interdimensional beings of energy exist in higher dimensions all around us
This is such a fascinating idea. I once had a cosmology/astronomy professor argue that it wouldn't matter whether life originated on Earth or elsewhere, because it would only move the problem: i.e. it would still not explain how it originated. However, this video makes me realise it may really make a difference.
I just got goosebumps from this video. Thanks to you guys a lot of people, myself included, started to read into scientific fields in order to think big. Our universe is truly amazing and we humans need to stay alive. There's so much more to learn and achieve and I believe that we could do it. We only need time!
I love the idea that all life in the universe could share the same origin back in the early days, but have then evolved differently on each local biosphere. The miracle of life would have happen just once, which is statistically easier to believe, and then spread to every corner of existence. That would kinda make any alien out there our very distant cousin, and that's a fantastic thought! I find this idea very comforting, except for the fact that with each passing year the universe expands more and the chances of meeting our cousins grow weaker and weaker... :(
@@ArawnOfAnnwn That is correct, if both periods had the same number of opportunities for life to arise per year. But what's interesting is that, in this new model, there may have been bazillions to the bazillionth power more opportunities for life to arise during that 7 million year period (further shortened to 4 million if we account for needing the first 3 million years to produce heavy elements) than we previously thought, perhaps raising that likelihood enough to not seem strange at all, but almost expected. Consider the sheer number of opportunities for life to arise if we're talking about an entire volume of a universe as being hospitable, versus just some tiny mass clumps at the bottom of vastly separated gravity wells like we see in the current universe. It's like the difference between a gallon of water and a gallon of rock with tiny bits of water trapped in points throughout it: the rock wouldn't just need 100 times more time, statistically speaking, to evolve life in its water, it would need a billion times more time (or some such huge number multiplier). Which is to say, the probability of life arising during that 4 million year window might be comparable to the probability of life arising during a 4 quadrillion year window on planets after the universe had cooled.
@@greenfinmusic5142 You're assuming that life arose in the middle of space in your model. It wouldn't, it would still need to form on large clumps of matter (at least for life as we know it, which is what this model is about anyway else there's no point postulating a temperature range to begin with). Temperature isn't everything, you also need other factors. Like pressure for instance. The universe wasn't just one giant ocean just cos the temperature was right. Water isn't liquid even at 10C if the pressure is too low. Then there's the needed elements, which the video mentioned but didn't dwell on much. Some are abundant sure, but phosphorus in particular is rare even today. You need them to not only exist, but exist together in sufficient concentrations in the right environment. And so on. Most of the universe was still not suitable even during that brief window. The themselves admitted they were simplifying a lot. The hypotheses sounds more likely than it is if you consider it from 10,000 ft up, but getting down close into the finer details and you'll find things aren't so easy. Hence why it's still just a speculative idea.
This actually kinda makes the absurd sense of scale of the universe a great deal more comforting than a lot of it is usually described. I hope these theories are true, they're quite lovely and to think we all have some great ancestors out there in the big expanse of this crazy universe, is a really cool sounding idea. Thank you for making this video, it's definitely going to my favorites.
@@Beanskiiii That doesn't mean that one can't hope the theories are real. I mean there's still so much we don't know about the universe, it's not utterly impossible to fathom such ideas.
I’ve been going through the lowest phase of my life throughout this past year. I cant begin to describe how much this video affected me. It’s been a very long time since I had that click in my brain, realizing something that seems so obvious and beautiful. Thank you, I will not forget this feeling ever.
I love Kurzgesagt, but I am a practicing scientist running a molecular evolution lab and I feel I should clarify a few things here: 1) There is no overall tendency for genomes to get bigger as time passes. Bacteria that are alive today have experienced as much as evolution as we have, and their genomes remain small. To say that generically genome sizes increase over time is just wrong. 2) Then there is this idea that you can extrapolate backwards from this supposedly exponential relationship. This is based on extremely tenuous data (check the original publication, you can read the reviewers' comments, especially Koonin I think is dead on). First of all, a simple back extrapolation would assume the rate of increase in genome size was always constant. Even if we are to believe genomes do grow with time, it is highly implausible that the rate at which this happened was constant over time - especially when life was extremely simple. I just want viewers to understand that this analysis of genome size is extremely simple and not taken seriously by mainstream evolutionary biology. More generally, the age of life on earth has been estimated using something called the molecular clock hypothesis. This has to do with the rate at which DNA sequences change over evolutionary time. One can collect DNA sequences from many different organisms and, put VERY simply, use statistical models to back extrapolate when the last common ancestor of all life probably existed. To do this, one has to use geological constraints (usually from fossils), and usually one also lets the rate of the clock change a little bit over the history of earth. Modern implementations of this technique come up with an age for the last universal common ancestor of around 4 billion, not 10 billion years. Only the least sophisticated, uncalibrated molecular clock analyses come up with an age for the Last Universal Common Ancestor that is older than Earth or the moon forming impact (which would have sterilised earth completely). The statistical evidence for Panspermia (the idea that life evolved elsewhere long ago and travelled to our planet on a rock) is currently very weak. That does not mean, in my opinion, that we should totally discount the possibility, but there is currently little direct evidence for it. Anyway, love the channel.
i’ve never heard this theory before. im currently experiencing a sense of unimaginable awe bc it rly intuitively just makes so much sense as an explanation for why life was already so complex at the time soon after earth’s origin. it makes me even more burningly curious about what the mysterious heat source inside of Enceladus could be, or what it may be potentially sustaining
@@stevencooper4422 or 'panspermia' lol i feel like i prefer 'bioseeding' - but yea im familiar w those ideas, but the details that rly blew my mind about this one in particular were the increases of complexity delineated backwards to arrive approximately at the age of the universe being when the simplest genomes would have arisen assuming a consistent pattern, combined with the idea of the entire universe potentially having been a habitable zone for a time. something about the idea of life being ubiquitous and a built-in feature of the universe rit large as opposed to a random anomaly gives comfort to my heart and also does away with the fallacy of something self-sustaining and ridiculously complex coming about quickly in a universe dominated by entropy
I love Kurzgesagt videos in general, but I really feel like this is one of the best videos they’ve done in a while. I love the topics of space, time travel, life, etc and this video hit many great points. The visuals, the story/dialogue, and the soundtrack were all amazing 🫶🏼
These animations are brilliant. These common simple ideas would have been known to most anyone with an interest in science and reading books decades ago and I was worried that as we continually dumb down, read less and lose interest in anything that isn't digitally done for us younger generations would not be as thoughtful about these topics (or anything really) as generations before them, but with brilliant animation like this sparking interest in bigger topic the following generations still have a pretty good chance.
As a Graphic Designer the animation, design, the narrative and everything I can think of is beautiful here. The quality of your work always manages to amaze me even more. I wanna be like you guys when I grow up haha. The way you illustrate and give life with such creativity and transform very deep knowledge into something easy to understand is amazing. Great team. Keep it up 💪 And the calendar looks fantastic! You guys have good merch too
Although all of this is highly speculative and could very well be nonsense, I'm just blown away be the mere idea. It is so simple yet so ingenious and I never thought of anything like this. And the best part for me as a scientist is: it actually seems to make sense and feels like it could be true! 😃 I love you guys for giving me this inspiration today!
One of my friends brought up a very good point about this - at that point in the universe, there would have been so much radiation everywhere that it would be impossible for any life to survive. Regardless of temperature, nothing can survive being constantly crashed into by supercharged particles, certainly not tiny single celled organisms not that big compared to the radiation itself.
This is certainly true for life as we know it today. However, we don't know what such early proto-cells might have looked like. Maybe, they weren't too susceptible to radiation because they were just much simpler than anything that is alive on earth today. Besides, I'd say it isn't clear whether the radiation was really everywhere. The video also talked about very early planets and asteroids. Inside those, there could have been cavities that were protected from radiation to some degree. Inside such caves, cell evolution might have been easier.
Every drop of water floating through the universe in amalgamations of all sizes would have been liquid, and would have essentially been its own petri dish. Unimaginably high numbers of opportunities for life to arise; almost infinite for practical purposes, which seemingly pushes the probability up into near certainty that life arose during that epoch.
@@TerpleDerp2600 The "Goldilocks zone" is a generic term for when things are just right for something to happen (not too hot/radioactive, not too cold/inert). We live in a Goldilocks zone of time and space which has allowed life to flourish for a few billion years without being catastrophically wiped out or simply not having the resources to get started in the first place, there is nothing to say that in the unimaginably vast history of the universe that such zones haven't existed before
@@TerpleDerp2600 however the seedlings talked about in the video are not fully formed microorganisms but just template genomes formed from simple elements
This reminded me so much of Outer Wilds. That game is one of my favorites, never fails to make me cry. The notion that you're something so insignificantly small in the face of such magnitude is hauntingly beautiful. That epic scale resonates so deeply within me, like it makes my soul quiver. Thanks for this video, I loved it.
It was heartbreaking to know that the same generation of Hearthians(including the main character) that discovered the universe's expansion would be the last generation, ever. But the eye was worth it.
That's an incredibly beautiful hypothesis. I always felt it was so amazing to look at all life on earth being relatives to each other since we all share common ancestors. Now, the solution to the life paradox presented here would imply that there are family members of ours out there, in space, possibly all across the universe, as we all origin from the same life seed that first enabled dead molecules to reproduce and spawn the first metabolism. Since when the whole universe had habitable conditions, there might have been multiple different original seeds, leading to what we could call different dynasties of life, all of which span across large portions of the universe. I would say, you can't make it up, except some did, haha.
I don't know why, but Kurzgesagt videos like this always make me so emotional. I think it's a combo of the awe and excitement, as well as the sadness that I doubt I'll see the answers in my lifetime.
The science they explain is amazing but the existential dread I get from a lot of their videos is a bit too much for me. I think I will unsubscribe for a while and find something else to watch.
The James Webb Space Telescope has the ability to read exoplanet atmospheric compositions. They just detected a good indicator for microbial life on a super-Earth 124 lightyears away. Don't lose hope!
There is self Organisation and the quantum foam is a source of endless possibility. Also energy can not been created or destroyed. So yes - the universe wants to watch itself through your eyes.
Giving a large amount of time, a monkey can type Shakespeare sonnet on a typewriter. I don t understand why are they amazed that life came into existence 500 minion years after the planet was formed. 500 milliohm years is a long time for things to happen and trial and errors to occur.
@@dragodato be fair you seem to have difficulty _spelling_ "million" so it's not that much of a stretch to see why others struggle to wrap their head around the concept
It is an impressive hypothesis. Two points that come to mind for me, in order in which they occurred, are as such: 1. Earth did indeed go from "infernal partially-molten rock" to "woah there's microorganisms everywhere" pretty quickly, on a cosmological scale. We do need to remember, though, that "a few hundred million years" is so far beyond our mortal comprehension as to be basically indistinguishable from eternity to us. Even 100 million years is an insane amount of time for potential reactions to occur, assuming suitable conditions hold; and, if the expansion of the genome was anything like the Big Bang itself, it's plausible that a very simple genome rapidly became a lot more complex for the sake of efficiency and potentially handling early competition from divided sibling-cells, before slowing down somewhat and "merely" doubling in length every few hundred million years. 2. That said, if this hypothesis does turn out to be accurate, the implication is that all life is indeed derived from a similar source, and therefore it is not at all implausible that aliens will eventually develop to be bipedal with two arms like humans, therefore justifying our innate desire to make extraterrestials look like us and/or sexy in media.
Even if life did first appear 10+ billion years ago, that doesn't mean there's only a single source. It's entirely possible for different locations to form very different building blocks of life and evolve completely separately.
A technological species would be very similar to humans, or animal life on Earth in general. It would have to be mobile and terrestrial, so no sentient trees or fish or cloud creatures. It would need grasping hands and walking feet, albeit not necessarily the same number. It would most likely be radially or bilaterally symmetrical. It would need a large brain, and having the primary sensory organs close to the brain (a head) just makes sense. It would need to be social, so have some kind of system for precise vocalizations, and may as well put that mouth close to the brain too. There is nothing in chemistry that has the kind of versatility as carbon, so more than likely it's going to be carbon-based life as well.
This is not my direct scientific field, but I have followed origin of life theories for quite awhile. While the genome size doubling is obviously majorly simplified as the video does suggest, I think it is a decent proxy. The exponential idea and reversing it was something I had never heard of before, and I think it is an absolutely stellar idea that carries some serious water. Thanks for introducing me to this concept! Definitely will be reading that source material.
Well, there is such a thing as oversimplification, and IMHO the example of genome doubling was definitely such a thing. And the reversal is seriously flawed as well, since we cannot at all assume that the same doubling rule can be applied to very simple genomes, which might evolve way more rapidly than complex genomes. And no explanation how such extraterrestrial germs get to earth and survive getting here.
@@TobyLegion the explanation for life spreading across the universe was due to the fact that all water was liquid during that time. Life could easily hop from asteroid to asteroid, especially since everything was much closer together back then. 7 million years is easily enough time to travel across the galaxy.
@@TobyLegiontake a look at how certain microbes and tiny life can survive extreme conditions. These extremophiles (like the bacteria in hot springs or the classic water bears) have been found to withstand even the cold, hard vacuum of space through a sort of hibernation.
@@ancellery6430 that was not what i asked. I asked how they got to earth and survived it. Even with asteroids - those would have been cooked and flash frozen several times over. And than the entry and impact.
I just paused the video to say that it's incredible how animation (and everything else too) quality improves over and over with every single video! Awesome work!
As a microbiologist (who has specialized a little in evolutionary biology) I do need to push back a little at some of the premises of this video. I'm not saying the conclusions are wrong, just correcting some things said that make like "spontaneously and quickly appearing" seem a little more reasonable. First off, to be considered life you do not necessarily need to have genes or anything resembling the system we use for replication these days. That system is just highly effective and appears in all species today because it is a dominant trait and survival of the fittest is a thing. All lifeforms without it were likely killed off as soon as genetic codes and gene replication proteins showed up. So, there are a LOT of steps between when life showed up and these systems evolved. It likely didn't "just happen" (assuming the alien-seed theory is untrue, which it could be). Further, this was quick on a grand scheme of things but not quick on an evolutionary basis. Keep in mind that an invasive species can come in and dominate an ecosystem in a year or two in extreme cases. Having no competition for resources from other life on a planet means we have an extreme case of all life being a "super" invasive species. Meaning life could spread across the planet REALLY fast. We have also seen the evolution of complex traits in animals in our lifetimes, so the evolution of relatively simple base functions across even a few million years and then that spreading planet wide... not that crazy to think about. It's actually kind of how we expect it would happen. Again, not casting doubt on the video as a whole. For the most part, everything covered is possible and based on logic. Just saying that the alternative potential explanations are not as unreasonable as this video implies they are.
These visuals are tremendously impressive in so many galactic ways. Never have I ever imagined I would come across this channel out of the blue. Keep up the good work with all this. Even the dinosaurs want to be resurrected due to all the praise and recognition you’ve given them.
If we run the clock back, we see that the earliest Kurzgesagt, consisting of only a few pixels, may have been present only a few moments after the beginning of the Internet.
I have a master degree in theoretical physics but this is for the first time I realized that there was a time when almost all of the Universe might have been habitable. I have never thought about that before. This video is a brilliant. It makes me feel shocked.
Similar boat for me. I had never considered that the window could be that long; I always assumed it only lasted a few seconds/minutes or some such scale of time, and also that there wouldn't have been any heavy elements around. Now I've got a 4 million year window to daydream about. It's rare to encounter a brand new thought like this. Today is a good day :)
Honestly the early universe sounds like a genuinely magical place, I hope sometime in my lifetime we work out some way to literally look into the past so I can see it
I've got good news for you, pal. If you look far enough in any direction, you can see the primordial universe. (There's that fickle problem of the cosmic event horizon though where light of a certain age will never reach us though...)
Apart from the technical quality of the video (visuals, sound, creativity, animations, narration, text, etc) which always manages to stun us, this idea completely blew my mind! I've always been fascinated at scientific and cosmological/atronomical/universe theories, like going inside black holes, worm holes, etc, but I never seen anything comparable to this Goldilock Universe theory, this is just absolutely brilliant. Of course when it comes to science fiction/theories, there are just too many variables that need to go into account and that requires lots of studies and maths and proving to actually go on with the idea of it actually working, and that I leave it to actual theorists and physicists to do, but the base idea already overwhelmed me, who always thought about the universe in this way, teeming with life somewhere, but never EVERYWHERE... This has become my favorite theory.
Remember, just because it was hospitable everywhere does not mean that life evolved everywhere. It might have only happened a few times. Or maybe just once
That would mean the aquatic animals would look in general like a fish,flying species like the birds,reptiles,mamiferes and an inteligent specie(or more) walking on 2 legs and using its arms to manipulate tools and objects. That would explain the cases of alien kidnaping people and animals,maybe they had some cataclism (a gamma radiation burst from their sun) or nuclear war in their history,they maybe had their DNA damaged,so they collect samples of how DNA chain is originally to repair theirs,also explains why they are all described as humanoids.I'm not saying all the cases are real,but is also imposible that people from different parts of the planet to describe the same alien specie they encountered.
Y'know, a lot of the fans of this channel harp on the whole "ah yes, my daily dose of existential dread", but then they pump out occasional gems that just fill you with absolute wonder and fascination about our own universe, and it all makes it worth it.
Honestly, the so-called existential ideas are only existential if one is still reckoning with them. It's really a matter of perspective. I feel like people yearning for humanity or just life in general to "always" exist, are at their very core struggling with mortality. To accept that we are finite is a heavy thing, which can lead to a sense of hopelessness, which sadly keeps them from enjoying what existence they do have. Reckoning and then making peace with existential ideas is both difficult and important for one's personal growth.
Damn, the way you displayed the early universe seems so cozy and colourful. Skies would've been so beautiful with all these galaxies nearby, neabulae etc. Yes, it would be very hostile as well to us, but beautiful as well. Another amazing video Kurzgesagt! You never fail to amaze me!
Unfortunately I don't think that's a very accurate image of the early universe. Galaxies would be very rare back then and the universe would have a glow to it from all the heat still, so nights would not really exist and so seeing anything in the sky would be unlikely. But it is fun/sad to thing about what craziness could be seen in the night skies in the past when stuff was a lot closer to each other.
These videos about life on other planets are so touching. So odd to be sitting here crying over an science video, but it makes me feel so hopeful and somehow... not so alone in this crazy empty universe? Thank you for the amazing work, you truly make science accessible in a completely different way
I adore the idea that we alongside any other possible species might all be related and fellow inheritors of the stars that shine on us. Knowing how life tends to be kind of cynic on itself, its unlikely we will get along at first, but the possibility of spreading and traveling across the stars, together with any possible cosmic neighbors as the heirs and children of the big bang is something touching and beautiful to think of. Really puts into perspective the idea that we are all the universe that is experiencing itself.
The animation team rightly always get a shoutout, but I would like to give huge props to the composer(s) of the music in this one! Really captured the wondrous vibe. Keep up the great work!
"The animation team rightly always get a shoutout" what shoutout? the animation team are absolutely amazing but i didn't see any shoutout in the video? did i miss it?
This theory is by far the best I've ever heard about. The fact that the calculation for how quickly and complex life evolved, was within the timeframe of our early universe, is such an amazing alignment and literally shacked me happy with excitement and hope that it is true. Where the temperature was pleasant for life to exist literally everywhere, when the right elements are just present, is one heck of a theory. I really hope it is true, it would mean that there is life everywhere in the universe and that there is complex life on other planets for sure. It would also mean that we would all be related by one single cell. BY ONE SINGLE SELL EVERYTHING IN THIS UNIVERSE. HOW AMAZING IS THAT!?!?!? One of my favorite vids of all time now
Temperature isn't everything. Pressure and a whole host of other factors matter too, only one of which was covered in the video (availability of the necessary elements for life, though phosphorous in particular would likely still have been an issue).
If the entire universe (though significantly smaller than now) had the right conditions, there could be a lot more than one single cell that life evolved from
The issue I see with the "Goldilocks universe" is that water remains liquid at a different temperature range at a given pressure. Reduce the pressure enough, and you will get water boiling at 0ºC. So it is not just "the universe went from too hot to too cold, so for a few years it was at the right temperature." Also, the idea that genetic material, no matter how different to the current one, could have stayed "dormant" for eons after the universe cooled is quite... radical.
It may have major holes in it as a theory, but I do like that it suggests a reasonable answer for the evolution of life. Unlike the theories about the universe being a simulation, there would be tangible evidence that we could find to either support or refute this idea. I hope we can find that evidence to evaluate this theory, since it would be very useful to know what sort of origin life had.
I agree with your first point but, regardless of the actual temperature, there must have been a span of time when water or other substances would have been liquid. And is the hard vacuum of space not the ideal environment for preserving something akin to DNA?
Pressure probably would have been higher in the denser universe, but yeah genetic material surviving cold, radiation and burning as a meteorite through an atmosphere sounds very unlikely. Maybe it's a "very low but not 0" probability situation.
Great point. The pressure of space would have been different back then though as matter was more dense. Would have been good for him to talk about this rather than just completely skipping over it
@@RootDubz93even though the density of space was far higher in the early universe it was still low enough that we would consider it hard vacuum in relation to the boiling point of water. So water was probably gaseous in hotter regions and solid in cooler regions
Finally, a video addressing the fact that the universe at some point was more or less room temperature and all it could imply. I find it highly likely life originated around that point, and why it should be everywhere we look, although it seems to be extremely rare to develop into anything like us (Fermi paradox). Been wondering about this for many years, and with this video I feel like I just got granted another piece of the puzzle to understanding life and the universe.
People will come up with any supernatural theory they can just to not admit that God exists. This is not based on science… this is based purely on faith. Abiogenesis is a supernatural event believed by faith without any evidence and upon this theory the entire secular history is built.
The “universe was room temp” theory makes no sense. Space has no atmosphere or structure to contain any of the heat that the “big bang” potentially released. That heat would’ve instantly dissipated and any superheated gases would cool through radiation, as what happens with supernovas, making that room temperature period last very briefly and not millions of years.
As a mathematician, the extrapolation of the complexity of life on an exponential scale sounds genius. And definitely an idea simple enough that was pretty much available to anyone after the discovery of base pairs. HOWEVER, from what little Biology I have come across, the complexity of life does not seem to be growing exponentially, but logarithmically. The more advanced beings we are, the more closely related we are to each other. We share like 90% of our base pairs with bananas and 99 with rats, and I don't know how much more with other primates, right? The number of chromosomes is not an indicator for the complexity of life for example, etc etc. I remember cases of sponges having many more chromosomes than us, for example. Am I missing something here?
Also the idea of punctuated equilibrium, where genomes may not change much during long periods of stable conditions, but may change and evolve/innovate rapidly during periods of of environmental instability
@@Bundpataka I generally agree with that sentiment - I am more familiar with equilibria and what you're saying feels right. But the complexity doesn't seem to be "exploding", but rather "increasing". I know this sounds like a trivial distinction, but people, especially non-mathematicians, have this semi-intuitive feeling about the growth rate of the exponential function, which is sometimes treacherous. If I had this (fantastic and genius, to give credit where it's due) insight that one could model the evolution of life on earth, especially given the fact that it happened soon after the earth's formation, I would definitely consider the logarithmic function first: it goes REALLY QUICKLY from zero to one, and it tapers off gradually.
I suppose that this video is predicated on being able to extrapolate backwards to lifeforms with very few base pairs. As long as life trends to having more base pairs over time then it makes sense. Are there any cases where a species has "lost" complexity?
@@curlymcdom that's not how it works. Logarithmic growth is still growth. You don't lose what you already have, it's just that after a while you don't grow that much at all. Extrapolation is also possible with logarithmic functions, and it also quite appropriate for the premise of the idea; logarithmic returns are also prevalent in nature, as much as exponential ones.
You guys continue to blow my mind with these fantastical ideas and amazing videos! Keep doing what you're doing! And thanks for the 12,024 human era calendar - been waiting eagerly for this one. Just ordered it. :)
If this hypothesis is real then we can say for sure that we are not an outlier. If life truly evolved ~10 B years ago, older than so many stars including our own, then life is as much an intended part of the cosmic "system" as any star or galaxy is. And this gives me the chills (in a good way)
This just makes the Fermi paradox worse by orders of magnitude, the simple observations of the lack of alien civilizations should be pretty direct evidence to refute this hypothesis.
My cat *loves* this channel - she sits and watches, transfixed, every time I put on a video. Either the animation style is really appealing to cats, or she's absorbing knowledge in a quest to become the most intelligent creature in the universe. Probably both.
the theory of the entire universe once being a Goldilocks zone and hence having the opportunity to form the seeds of life that began life as we know it is ABSOLUTELY AMAZING, and brings so much deep joy to my soul! I'm not even sure why ..I'm just filled with wonder, awe at the cleverness, hope; floored by the beauty of it all. Kurzgesagt, you've done it again~ thank you for being the gift that keeps on giving. you represent some of the best of humanity, and bring a slice of heaven on earth :') I hope your whole team remains happy and healthy, always
This has to be the single most awe-inspiring Kurzgesagt video in a *long* dang while, suggesting such an outlandish yet scientifically possible idea that is genuinely insane to think and theorize about. Also, both the music and the visuals at their usual Kurzgesagt quality, that to say, at an absolute peak of ''minimalist'' 2D animation.
This is my favorite kurzgesagt video so far. The idea of the early universe being "habitable" almost everywhere blows my mind all the way to the stars. Thanks a lot for this story!
One of the best videos Kurzgesagt ever made! You guys now opened a whole new window for us to wonder about our existence and the existence of life. You got me on tears 🥺 Thanks Kurzgesagt ❤
4 minutes after the video was posted there was already 5.5K people watching this. I was drawing people in my science lesson and I literally watched through the whole video without turning my head. Kurzgesagt has such a weird vibe that makes you want to watch more. Thank you for the knowledge and wish this channel runs forever!
Well I for one value this information As someone who lived in the era before the internet I truly appreciate this vast amount of knowledge being available for free
The Goldilocks Universe is such a melancholic idea. It shows you how life was everywhere shortly after the start of the universe but all that is left now are echoes who just keep bouncing around in thier own confines and become more complex ripples, it makes you think about all the stuff that we would never know about life that existed in that state of the universe and what amazing concpets it would have been thriving off of But it also gives you hope that maybe just like us, there exists some other echo of life on some other planet or celestial body that has a similar echo to us and the hope of maybe finding it someday.
Yeah but the issue of contact is lack of communication, the lack of information about their morals if any, and if anything goes wrong what if they've evolved to be like really resilient and we can't kill them or something. Or what if (very probable) we accidently kill each other from viruses because of the fact neither us or the alien have been in contact with the viruses.
who knows, humanoid species have only existed on earth for a very small amount of time when you think about it, and on the color of plants its probably dependent on the star if anything.
1) Probably they would not, if they have well enought technologies to make it to our system. I think that a swarm of nanites, when your personality (if is) is just a brain in a vat, would be the most effective way. 2) Probably, if star is a yellow dwarf like our Sun, it would be green, but not all plants even on our Earth are green.
I haven't been in a great spot financially lately, so I've been keeping personal, unnecessary purchases to basically zero. I think this year's calendar will be the first guilt-free purchase I've made for myself in the last half year. The entire collection is gorgeous, and I've been a fan of Kurzgesagt for about 8 years now. I bought their first calendar and have been wanting to buy another one since then, but I kept forgetting until it was too late; I'm really excited for this year's =)
Relatable! A long term Kurtzgesagt fan with consistent financial issues here too, never buying anything unnecessary. I would still love to decorate my place. And I absolutely love the calendar and some other stuff like posters I've seen in the videos. I haven't even dared to open Kurtzgesagt merch store, because there would be so much stuff I want! But I definitely know what to ask my family or friends for a Christmas present this year ;) Or if I reach some sort of financial stability, this merch stuff will be early on my shopping list. :)
I cried 😭😭😭😭😭 7:29 This is such a beautiful hypothesis It makes so much sense Why didn't I ever think of this!! Greatly increasing the volume for life to evolve.... What an amazing and simple idea.... The music definitely adds.
Honestly, thank you for this video. I've been feeling really bad about myself and life lately, and this theory makes me feel hopeful about the world and my place in it. Like I'm at the center of a universe full of possibility and potential, like the Dark Forest and Great Filter are just fictional monsters made up by parents to scare us as kids. Your videos make me feel like stardust! 🥰
I do not know you but want you to know I am proud of who you are and for what you do every day. I know and feel the same way sometimes. I hope things get better for you and that you have someone to talk to if you need it.
Hopefully you'll also take some joy in knowing that you don't only have to _feel_ like stardust, you actually, literally, are made of the dust and debris of (probably multiple) many-billion years old supernovas (supernovae?). EDIIT: PS: aka: stardust.
One of my absolute favourite videos ever! I just rewatched it, and... WOW! This video takes you on a journey, explaining everything you need to know a an awesome, precise yet simple way, building of block after another until you can make the most astonishing, well reasoned conclusions! I must say, I was absolutely blown away.
I am a medical student, and let me tell you this: your videos are like a remedy, a potion, a fuel that reminds me of the beauty of life, and encourages me whenever I feel down... thank you very much for creating such marvellous videos! ❤❤❤ I'll make sure to remember to support you once I graduate or when I get a career in my university! Just look at the uniqueness of our human diversity: I'm an Iranian, studying in Istanbul turkey, and Im watching this video in our world's lingua franca. Thank you again very much for being a hopeful light within this chaotic, dynamic, and locally ordered universe 🙏🙏🙏
🛑Big Bang is a scam🤏 Unless the age of the universe is much much older than 13b or 26b 🤏 Early universe is extremely dense, which means spacetime was extremely warped, which also means the time was extremely slow🤏 Thus, age of the universe must be extremely old 🤏
this will be my first calendar!! i'm so excited:) would yall ever reprint older ones as poster series or something? there's a lot that i like that i missed!
I believe this is personally your most interesting video yet. It puts even more thought to how amazing it is that we're all here, at this time, in this place. The chances of everything that led to our existence are just so low, they're nearly zero. And yet, we exist.
THIS hypothesis is truly amazing and inspirational! The idea that all life in the Universe emerged at the very beginning, seeded all the solid matter in the range of the Big Bang in a warm, very lively and active universe then expanded everywhere else, is absolutely astonishing! Imagine the implications this could have for Biology. It would basically make us related with all other aliens in the world through our common very ancestral link at the beginning of the Big bang. The whole phylogeny tree would be turned upside down. Even the implications for Religion are amazing to consider. Imagine the mythology this hypothesis creates! In my opinion one of the most inspiring Kurzgesagt videos. What is even more amazing is that even though a speculative idea, it is very plausible and also, relatively easy to prove. Basically discovering any extraterrestrial life, microbial or of any kind and analyzing it's genome, we would be able to tell if theere is a link between it and us.
By far my favorite video. There are still some questions that need to be answered like how did life persevere itself long enough to populate earth. My favorite bit is when the comparison was made between the genome and a book and the acknowledgment that such a script would take longer to make randomly than the earth has been around.
This could mean that at some point, there most likely were intelligent civilizations that interacted with eachother like in sci fi movies, we are simply unlucky for being born too late, isolated in the vast, cold, universe.
Just one word is needed, to describe this video: beautiful! I mean your videos are always great and high quality and this is not the first special gem, but as a few comments described already, its really somewhat magical. All of it!
This stuff is fascinating to think about and the idea of the Goldilocks universe does make sense logically. It's wild that the only real look into Panspermia I had in school was "maybe life came from space, lol" and completely avoided the "the entire universe would have had the necessary temperatures for life at one point" idea.
One major problem with this theory that completely discredits it is that water DIDN'T EXIST YET during the early universe expansion. The universe was too dense and composed only of hydrogen and helium. Carbon and Oxygen didn't exist to form water or life.
I hope everyone who does not have hope for our species stumbles upon this video. Although our individual lives are short and might seem insignificant, but we are the product of life evolving over billions of years. Just your existence itself is a testament to how far we have come and an indicator to how far we will go. No matter where you are or what you are doing, you are contributing to our species. I hope you realize that you are unique beyond comprehension, never lose hope.
This is essentially a cool version of the panspermia theory. The one issue I have is that life on earth that can go into an inert state and be revived evolved because massive swings in temperature in their environments. If the universe was universally hot then it doesnt seem like there would be much pressure for this to evolve and then we would see these properties in our early life but alas cynobacteria doesnt have these traits to my knowledge.
…And then I burst out crying. Isn’t everything so marvellous, even in its devastations, death and decay? Are we not so privileged? however fleeting our individual moments here? Bearing witness, little sparks of consciousness, we are, like fire flies in our most marvellous Universe.
@@MKRexBeing stuck at mere microbes attached to a grain of sand in the boundless desert that is the universe is hardly commendable. Sure, we got to see this, now what? Is living such an insignificant reality worth it as long as you can bear witness to the grandeur of something that isn't you and will never even consider your existence as anything more than dust or mere atoms if translated to our limited perspective?
These videos never fail to provide great content. Not only is it informational, it also adds top notch presentation. The piano music in this one was particularly captivating.
As someone unemployed, this all blew my mind with how accurate it felt to me with my minimal understanding of things! Wow, you've done such a great job! Everyone, tell us your careers and how much it helps you love this video.
I’ve always believed that from the “you need proteins to make a genome, and a genome to make proteins” thing is a random chance event that happened in the exact right conditions near places like volcanos or in deep sea trenches at destructive plate boundaries.
Giving a large amount of time, a monkey can type Shakespeare sonnet on a typewriter. I don t understand why are they amazed that life came into existence 500 minion years after the planet was formed. 500 milliohm years is a long time for things to happen and trial and errors to occur.
Modern microbes have to compete with each other. The FIRST microbes only had to compete with entropy. Even if their metabolism was slow and reproduction unreliable, with no competition except for each other they could cover the world and diversify.
everytime i see a kurzgesagt video get uploaded i immediately drop everything just to watch it, these videos are definitely my most favorite on TH-cam.
I don't know why your videos about space always make me cry, but they do. Whether about celestial bodies or aliens, something about the cosmos is just so awe-inspiring that I end up getting overwhelmed.
Thank you for bringing some new ideas to my attention. I am particularly interested in this Goldilocks early universe idea. But I have some serious concerns over the doubling of the functional genome over time. I have not had time to look over the cited papers in detail, I see that a key one dates back to 2006, back when we had very few genomes to look at. But I would like to make the point that many biologists often overlook, which is that all living organisms on earth have been around for the same amount of time. They have all been evolving for the same number of years. Bacteria have been evolving for more generations than animals as their generation time is much shorter, so by some ways of defining evolution, they have been evolving longer than we have, but their genomes, both total size and the “functional” fraction are still small. The view that life progresses from simple to complex is not very mainstream. Reduction of genomes and complexity is also very common - we see many organisms loose multicellularity for example. Another interesting example is that many organisms lose introns, the interrupting (non-coding) parts of eukaryotic genes. So just a few things to keep in mind when considering how accurate this doubling of the functional genome might be. Also that life often changes in complexity in major ways due to particular constraints. The evolution of sexual reproduction is related to becoming eukaryotes. It is hard to disentangle the origins of meiosis and the gaining of the mitochondria, but but these two events early in the eukaryotic lineage also relate to the origin of many new ways to regulate gene expression, likely in response to the many selfish genetic elements that could prosper in eukaryotes with sexual reproduction in a way that they could not in asexual prokaryotes. It is very possible that life on early arose and lead to fairly large genomes in an unusual and unexpected way and we do not have any snapshots going from non-cellular life to cellular life, just as we do not have any snapshots during eukaryotigenesis to work out the order of those key events. The RNA world hypothesis, with some interesting recent updates offers an interesting alternative idea for a local origin of life (as cool as I do find the space seed hypothesis - however I do not find the projections based on functional genome size a convincing support of this).
Well said, another person was commenting and had similar concerns to us. Not only does genome doubling not make sense at the margins (a single base pair genome becoming a double base pair genome takes billions of years?), it doesn't make sense when you look at existing life today. You might argue that plants are less advanced than humans or mammals, but it's not really the case. Plants have extremely diverse tissues, complex organization and life cycles and many genomes are massive compared to ours. In fact, they are often whole genome doubled or quadrupled, which occurs in a much shorter timespan than suggested by the hypothetical genome curve in this video. There are also probably molecular constraints on genome/cell size that play into this as well like you mentioned. Also, genome genome size does not tell the whole tale either, especially comparing pro/eukaryotes. Epigenetic regulation is massively complex and carries nearly as much information as the genome itself, that essentially "hides" extra complexity in this comparison because there are no "bases" that encode it.
It seems to me that the correct statement is life *can* become more complex, not that it *will.* Of course, until we can find some other examples than Earth, it's all just theory. But it's a fascinating theory.
@@baa0325 just an hypothesis, not a therory. I know I am annoying but a theory is the highest level of knowledge we have in science and I believe the more person know that and use it correctly, maybe some person would stop using it as if it's an argument to deny science
When he said that the genome doubles, I instantly had doubts cause I ain't too sure about that judging by the variety of genome sizes across the board of the animal kingdom. I find it highly unlikely that all life spawned and seeded everywhere near the beginning of the big bang like that. It just seems more probable that life on Earth is unique to us.
This is a really cool concept. I feel like the fact that pressure is needed for liquids to exist is forgotten (or more likely glazed over for simplicity) but that does mean it could only be on reasonably large planets. Pretty cool that it could just be any planet though, even without a star. Although stars help with energy input.
![SAFEPLANET - ดาวเคราะห์ [ THE PLANET ]](http://i.ytimg.com/vi/4X1XL3I_k3c/mqdefault.jpg)
✨ WORLDWIDE SHIPPING AVAILABLE ✨ The 12,024 Human Era Calendar has landed! shop.kgs.link/12024
Join us on an exploration of how different cosmic conditions could shape unique worlds and civilizations.
Stocks are highly limited, so don’t miss your chance to own a truly special piece of kurzgesagt.
W
🔥
MEH
Hi
Apple
As someone who is studying for a PhD in medical genetics, I am simply amazed by this video. Even though evolutionary biology is not my field, my mind was blown by the idea of the universe being warm enough to support life everywhere for millions of years, in the past.
Bring on all the anti-science religious people! This should be good.
Okay but imagine if there was a single civilization as intelligent as we are alive during those first few million years
Would they know that in a few million years their world would be completely chilled because they are in the middle of space, not orbiting any star?
Would they be able to figure out how early they are in the universe?
With 10³⁰ planets I will bet that it did happen at least once during that time
@@Litkeen man.
@@Litkeen Ok, now I want someone to write a sci-fi story with this idea.
@@Litkeen hmm, I think it's unlikely that complex life, as ourselves, would exist so early on in the universe.
When I was at university, I went to a talk from a scientist working on the (then proposed, now funded) Titan Dragonfly probe mission. One of her answers from the q&a at the end always stuck with me:
Someone had asked her what kind of guidance systems The landing stage would have to avoid obstacles on the ground. She said they would use existing ground maps and on-board radar to detect large obstacles like boulders and chasms. Smaller obstacles, like trees, would be a lot more difficult to detect and dodge -- "but if we land in a tree," she said, "we win."
"damnit, our probe is stuck in a damned tree, and it looks like something is chewing on it as well! Guess we will never know if life exists on that planet!"
That's such an awesome answer
Took me a second to relise why he Said we win
@@raffibagus3035 that is because we find life
>:D
I can’t explain precisely why, but this video felt extremely magical to watch. I don’t know if it was the story of the idea the whole universe could’ve been alive at one point (and maybe still is), the idea that every potential alien civilisation out there has the same roots, or maybe the stunning soundtrack. Great job Kurzgesagt because I really really like this video.
It's because of that good old indica ;)
This. The possibility that all life in the universe might have the same roots, and that there could be millions of worlds with some kind of life is awe inspiring.
I liked my own comment and yes
@nepaliens6479 you may of found it surreal because it has deep ties to our evolutionary origins. a key example of this bioevolutionary primordial starting block is mushrooms. Their networks make up 60% of earths total biomass, all higher cognitive creatures are extensions of fungal networks and their spores are so electron dense they can survive space radiation. Allowing them to float planet to planet.
The interesting thing is they have symbiotic relationships with higher cognitive beings on planets it has permeated. And can access all previous chained worlds in the form of a trip to provide heavily distilled wisdom. Which is why they were partially seen as gods by old religions. Something to ponder.
the mystical backround sound majority helps out with that
This is the first time the alien-seed-theory actually seemed based in logic and science and wasn't just an 'I dunno' cop-out! Thank so much for explaining it so well
I agree, and it really seems like the theory makes sense. But just like everything else, just because it is self-consistent doesn't mean it is actually valid, regardless of how much we may enjoy the idea of it. While it may appear that life is older than Earth, the theories may be a mad dash for an excuse that Earth is not special to justify the wrong doing by so many corporations to, as far we know, the only life that exists in the entire universe. It matters that we don't know what's out there, but at the same time it doesn't because the 'bad guys' can use these kinds of theories to justify whatever they want.
@@CoffeeKillersClubbit of a stretch to think people doing bad things need to go to such lengths just to have another excuse for doing bad things. There's always an excuse. Doesn't matter what our scientific understanding is or ever will be. People will take anything to justify their actions, good or bad.
If the first genomes were alien in origin... then it's another chicken-and-egg paradox. Which one came first, the alien genome or whatever it was that the genome needs to make life and more of itself?
@@Archiva1-k2oThe primordial universe was so dense and hot that the first genomes and/or proteins may have assembled by chance on asteroids or planets. The argument is that the first genomes were simple enough to have formed by chance, allowing for primordial extremely simple life forms to exist.
@@jovazquez6102the primordial universe did not have a high enough metallicity to form planets or asteroids, and probably not life either
Even after all these years of watching Kurzgesagt, I still can't believe these amazing little documentaries are completely free for everyone to watch. Everyone really should watch them too.
Bill gates funded a big portion of it and they essentially push the knowledge of his and a few others choosing.
Yes he is amazing❤
@@Thsovahbowgpwbjajfjwjfeifirjfj not just he but the whole crew.
One of the things I love about Kurzgesagt. All of their masterpiece videos are free for all to watch instead of putting them behind paywells like Patreon or whatever
there is records on where they get their funding. Some of it reaches the political realm.
It’s such a crazy yet simple concept I’m actually blown away I never thought of it. The universe at one point was really hot and cooled to where it’s at now. Not sure why I never considered the fact that for a period of time the entire universe felt like going outside on planet earth temperature wise. Guess you’re so often reminded of how hostile the universe is that the idea of it being a comfortable temperature is immediately discarded. At least for me anyway
It is quite fascinating to imagine isn't it! Although it is important to note that it was a pretty short length of time on cosmic scales. First molecules formed after ~100,000 years when the universe had cooled to a chilly 4000° K. Then, somewhere between 10-17 million years after the big bang the universe would've been cooling from 100° C to 0° C which is when this early universe habitable period would've been conceivable. ~7 million years is kinda short for the emergence of life potentially, especially because there likely were few (if any) dense concentrations of matter like a planet yet, but maybe it's enough to make for some extremely primordial life!
@@treyshafferThe most important part for me when looking at this theory is not the amount of time, but the amount of source space that qualified for life. Considering most scientists think the origin of life is a monkey with a typewriter kind of situation, considering that for 7 million years there was a nigh-infinite legion of monkeys makes the whole thing a lot more plausible.
@@treyshafferShort timespan perhaps, but on the other hand the universe is inconceivably large, possibly infinite. So if *all* of it was like a warm summer day it seems that almost anything could happen.
Also interesting the universe was much smaller with the same amount of matter so it was very compact
Meaning the entire Universe would of had an Atmosphere . Imagine going to space without the need for a space suit
I am wondering, maybe because the speed in which the universe cooled down or something else prevented any complex life forms from taking shape or perhaps those creatures died before they could do anything? Seems a bit odd how we are alone. Unless there is truly no possible way to travel faster than light.@@treyshaffer
I am a genetics scientist, and I love your videos - here are my notes regarding it.
The evolutionary clock is a tool that should be used with caution. Typically, evolutionary clocks are designed to detect discrete changes in evolution when coupled with heuristic systems and advanced AI's and programs to approximate (essentially, to periods within a million years) when species diverge. However, when we roll it back, this type of data becomes untenable and stochastic the further and further we push it. Also, size of DNA does not confer complexity - for example, Corn has a comparable size and is extremely complex, and the "size of functional genome" is a misleading term, because genomes carry innumerable functions that exist in benign or seemingly "empty" sections of genetic code. For example, the "function" of color changes in maize kernels is no where to be found when sequencing their genetic code, but a function of their code has huge sections of DNA sequences morphing around - constantly changing position of certain sequences which changes the organism itself, in real time modifying the output of pigment (changing some kernels to black, polka dot, etc). These are called "transposons" and play a huge roll in diversity and function in both corn and humans alike - so much so, that we have to say that they are apart of a "transposome" - like genes are apart of a "genome". Elements of the genetic code like this are inextricably entwined with essentially all life, and therefore size of genomes (in itself) rarely denotes or confers complexity (e.g. Corn is 1/3 as large as humans, but we seem vastly more than 3x as complex than an ear of corn, right?). Thus even if we deny the existence of elements like transposons as being "nonfunctional" and forget that these nonfunctional sections of genetic code harbor huge "game changers" regarding function on both micro and macro molecular scales, and just look at size itself, we see that this is rarely a dimension that can be relied upon when determining complexity and therefore the pathway that evolution has taken to reach it. Although we would love to be able to use molecular clocks in this way, for instance, we could take it a step further. If we could iron out the kinks in genetic data, we could in theory use these clocks to reverse engineer down to pinpoints in a temporal landscape - as in: "On what date and time in history did human beings diverge from the neanderthals?" - do a bit of mathematics and genetics legwork with the help of our best ai models- and begin to synthesize prehistoric (and pre-human) events. We are already able to do this, but the degree of precision is lackluster (millions of years of deviation) and already cloudy and unreliable due to the presence of things like transposons.
Please keep in mind, this is not a request for Kurzgesagt to recant (or whatever the yt equivalent is) - but to consider a few things. For example, in biomolecular evolution, certain plants develop things like poisons extremely rapidly, seemingly within a few generations. How is it possible for these plants to evolve the protein mechanisms neceseary to make such refined poisonous chemicals, any of which, a stray or missing hydrogen atom in their composition along the way will ultimately cause the "poison" - (which we are going to to infer was caused due to a survival of fittest paradigm where these chemicals are evolved as defense mechanisms) to fail because it has no potency with a specific rearrangement of these particular atoms. So, how do the plants know? Also, the plants do not possess scientific capability to potentiate its biochemicals through any other means then by allowing the ones who have produced the best and most potent poison the ability to reproduce more. The answer here, is that biomolecular evolution (a precursor to regular evoltuion) happens, in some cases, very, very fast on a relative evolutionary timeframe. And in some cases, it is explosive and exponential and never regressive in the "long run" when considering things on the cosmic scale. However, this notion does not discredit the video, because survival of the fittest is in theory something that will apply universally , across the entire cosmos, to every DNA and DNA-like-yielding organism. While we may not have come from the same baby-universe source of biochemical stew, we all, and all of our future generations until the end of time, will have to abide by its rules, and cosmic life will need to abide by its commonalities. Thus, this evolutionary clock may not be a great indicator of the past, but it could end up, with much fine tuning, to being an exemplary predictor of the future of universal life.
This was highly informative, and not just because it's the biggest "read more" drop down I've ever seen.
Probably the most thoughtful YT comment I've ever read. Kudos
Though we cannot use the evolutionary clock to confirm it, it doesn't outright reject the hypothesis that all life stems from a period where the entire universe was room-temperature does it?
I think bro likes his content
I recently conducted some research on the origin of life. To be frank, I'm not particularly fond of this video. As a scientific and informative channel, Kurzgesagt chose this topic and presented a highly debatable hypothesis, seemingly for the sake of garnering more views rather than promoting mainstream scientific consensus.
Now, we have knowledge that the Last Universal Common Ancestor (LUCA) existed around 4 billion years ago in hydrothermal vents, equipped with relatively intricate biological mechanisms, potentially capable of transcription and translation. Is it complex? Absolutely. Did life evolve too quickly on Earth? Not necessarily. Once the process of "selection" commenced, evolution played a role, and complexity could have been achieved relatively easily. "Selection" here refers to the molecules essential for primordial life. These molecules weren't randomly assembled by chance. Perhaps the pore size of hydrothermal vents favored larger molecules, or the aggregation of macromolecules facilitated the accumulation of these vital building blocks. Whatever the exact process, it led to the emergence of early life, and evolution took the reins from there.
Regrettably, the Pyramids and Moai statues were not constructed by aliens, mermaids don't sing to lure sailors into the sea, and the Loch Ness Monster remains a legendary creature with no verifiable evidence of existence. While some hypotheses lack concrete evidence, the idea of universal alien life may possess some basis. Nevertheless, it's crucial to prioritize scientifically sound and convincing theories, especially given the abundance of alternative hypotheses that are more plausible than this one.
I'm not entirely certain, but perhaps I simply prefer dry textbooks over audacious and groundbreaking perspectives.
As a professional plumber of 15 years, I am absolutely astounded by this video. To think that the microbes in toilets and pipes could have originated not in our colons, or even on earth, is nothing short of incredible. Thank you for introducing me to these fascinating concepts
It is incredible. So is kurzgesagt now that it's mostly b&m gates foundation globalist propaganda. I did enjoy this one though.
You would think a plumber would be used to the thought of aliens... (Ben10 joke)
Another plumber here, thinking the same thing :)
yes they may have come from Uranus
@@us89na😭
I am actually mindblown by this idea that life could have formed so early, and essentially 'be everywhere'. It would imply even a teeming universe could have life essentially from the same origin, which I think is truly fascinating
What is the Universe? Nothing exists outside of YOUR experience of it. The universe is you. Consciousness is the natural property of existence, it has no beginning or end. You live in a dimensionless space and a timeless now, and there is only one of thing, the only thing that exists is existence.
@@rangarolls6018 What solipsist woo-woo are you peddling here?
@@rangarolls6018I'm sure all that sounds profound in your head, but it's really just a meaningless word salad.
Yeah
It's a beautiful idea. The resilience of life on earth and it's "miracles" walking around is beautiful as it is; but i find the idea of life surviving even space, even more beautiful.
If i had to describe it, it's like admiration for something that just refuses to die; it's admiration for something that fights so, so hard against entropy, wich in turn, starts to look like a villain whose only goal is destruction, even when it really is no more than a physical concept.
If this idea was proven true, it would give a whole different meaning to "life finds a way". That's truly fascinating; life is just, beautiful.
The idea of primodial microbiotic life soaring through space on comic dust is so terrifying yet so inexplicably amazing
For me it is beautiful and poetic. It is the universe's way of bringing life to all its corners and experimenting with itself.
@@vicentelira4468I agree, its hard to articulate that sense of existential beauty into words
뚜비뚜바
its like cosmic pollen @@vicentelira4468
@@vicentelira4468 yes nothing about it is terrifying.
The perception that it is terrifying is only due to the film and fiction influence on people's perception of alien life.
From a scientist perspective it is simply beautiful, inexplicably fascinating and it evokes so many questions and wonders.
It's the first time I hear about the concept of the Goldilocks universe. It absolutely fascinates me. This video (both the visuals and the narrative) is one of the most beautiful works you've made so far.
The fact that content of such astounding quality is available for everyone for free still keeps amazing me. Your project is awesome (it has always been), and contrary to my belief that it could not be done any better, you manage to top yourselves every single time. I can't thank you guys enough for this content, keep it up!!
The peer-review note on one of the main source-papers for this video:
"In this contribution, the author attempts to characterize the functional form of the relationship between the sizes of the functional genome of organisms and their appearance in the fossil record. Using five data points (prokaryotes, eukaryotes, worms, fish, and mammals), the author deduces an exponential increase in functional size with time. He then uses this functional relationship to hypothesize an origin of life that exceeds the age of the Earth by a factor of two. From this he concludes that the origin of life cannot have taken place on Earth, but points towards hypotheses of the panspermia type.
This paper is an example of how not to analyze data."
I recommend checking out their Fermi Paradox videos if your interested in this kind of stuff
First time for me too, which is unusual. I'd really tired of the channel because of all the endless overviews, so I hope this is the start of a trend of giving viewers more credit.
It's not a new concept but it certainly is good. The thought of globs of water in space instead of comets has been such a crazy concept to me.
Another fascinating era of life will be trillions of years from now when red dwarves turn into blue dwarves. they get hotter and will push their habitable zones outward, warming more distant planets. Being the most common of the stars this will mean an insane amount of planets will thaw out and life will have its last, and possibly longest, golden age. There are currently no blue dwarves in the universe because the universe is far to young being in the billions of years old not trillions.
@@anarios-ryd Well said, this is stepping into the realm of fantasy more than science. Even so, I am glad this video has interested many people in these fun and thought provoking topics. I must say that Kurzgesagt's videos about the medical field are much more credible and well written than their scientific videos.
Kurzgesagt has the 2 sides, the "Look the amazing ways life could actually have started" and the "An alien species has shot a laser to our planet and we dont know till we all die"
Whatever their mood are on each video, the quality is galactic and the fact they do it for us all for FREE makes this deserve all our attention 🗿👌👏👏👏
Hey now, careful throwing that F word around like that
Don't forget "Look at this ant"
@@Biolumi_the_guyand don’t forget Nukes
the idea of the universe being warm enough to support life in the past really blew my mind and I love it
And now only us remain
humankind aka the cockroaches of the universe :P@@soulin11
And yet it makes perfect sense when you think about it: if the Universe went from "very hot" to "very cold", it must have gone through "just good".
@@MayoOverlord qt that time goldilocks was :)
@@soulin11maybe… but we would be too far apart to tell
This left me speechless. The idea that life could be nearly as old as the universe and it being everywhere gave me a warm feeling, because if in the future if we do find alien, and if this is correct, we would know that we are all connected long long ago, like finding a cousin that you didn't even know existed. If this is true, then this could bring all life in the universe together, like a large branching family.
an amazing and awe inspiring thought
I'll try not to spoil it for you, but yes life/consciousness has existed since the big bang. Before it as well. Inorganic or interdimensional beings of energy exist in higher dimensions all around us
Do you have sources or did you just make it the fuck up? @@WILLed_into_Existence
@@WILLed_into_Existence you’re joking right
Not if, but when.
This is such a fascinating idea. I once had a cosmology/astronomy professor argue that it wouldn't matter whether life originated on Earth or elsewhere, because it would only move the problem: i.e. it would still not explain how it originated. However, this video makes me realise it may really make a difference.
For the first time the panspermia theory sounded actually exciting and not just like an excuse to not have to explain how life came to be here.
"Astrology"??? Come on man. Edit that please
@@antoniorobles8706Lol
@@antoniorobles8706 omg, yes I mean astronomy obviously. Thanks for fixing it
@@theyeti6258 No problem! 😁
I just got goosebumps from this video. Thanks to you guys a lot of people, myself included, started to read into scientific fields in order to think big.
Our universe is truly amazing and we humans need to stay alive. There's so much more to learn and achieve and I believe that we could do it. We only need time!
I love the idea that all life in the universe could share the same origin back in the early days, but have then evolved differently on each local biosphere. The miracle of life would have happen just once, which is statistically easier to believe, and then spread to every corner of existence.
That would kinda make any alien out there our very distant cousin, and that's a fantastic thought!
I find this idea very comforting, except for the fact that with each passing year the universe expands more and the chances of meeting our cousins grow weaker and weaker... :(
maybe the expansion was set, in order for us to not collide with other existence and cause galactic troubles
@@ak..4359imagine offending an alien so hard that they decided your kind wasn't worth it and just uses exterminatus
It isn't statistically easier to believe that life arose in a brief 7 million year period rather than in a period of over 500 million years.
@@ArawnOfAnnwn That is correct, if both periods had the same number of opportunities for life to arise per year.
But what's interesting is that, in this new model, there may have been bazillions to the bazillionth power more opportunities for life to arise during that 7 million year period (further shortened to 4 million if we account for needing the first 3 million years to produce heavy elements) than we previously thought, perhaps raising that likelihood enough to not seem strange at all, but almost expected.
Consider the sheer number of opportunities for life to arise if we're talking about an entire volume of a universe as being hospitable, versus just some tiny mass clumps at the bottom of vastly separated gravity wells like we see in the current universe. It's like the difference between a gallon of water and a gallon of rock with tiny bits of water trapped in points throughout it: the rock wouldn't just need 100 times more time, statistically speaking, to evolve life in its water, it would need a billion times more time (or some such huge number multiplier). Which is to say, the probability of life arising during that 4 million year window might be comparable to the probability of life arising during a 4 quadrillion year window on planets after the universe had cooled.
@@greenfinmusic5142 You're assuming that life arose in the middle of space in your model. It wouldn't, it would still need to form on large clumps of matter (at least for life as we know it, which is what this model is about anyway else there's no point postulating a temperature range to begin with). Temperature isn't everything, you also need other factors. Like pressure for instance. The universe wasn't just one giant ocean just cos the temperature was right. Water isn't liquid even at 10C if the pressure is too low. Then there's the needed elements, which the video mentioned but didn't dwell on much. Some are abundant sure, but phosphorus in particular is rare even today. You need them to not only exist, but exist together in sufficient concentrations in the right environment. And so on. Most of the universe was still not suitable even during that brief window. The themselves admitted they were simplifying a lot. The hypotheses sounds more likely than it is if you consider it from 10,000 ft up, but getting down close into the finer details and you'll find things aren't so easy. Hence why it's still just a speculative idea.
This actually kinda makes the absurd sense of scale of the universe a great deal more comforting than a lot of it is usually described. I hope these theories are true, they're quite lovely and to think we all have some great ancestors out there in the big expanse of this crazy universe, is a really cool sounding idea. Thank you for making this video, it's definitely going to my favorites.
This is complete pseudoscience
@@Beanskiiii That doesn't mean that one can't hope the theories are real. I mean there's still so much we don't know about the universe, it's not utterly impossible to fathom such ideas.
@@Beanskiiii pseudoscience is not the same as speculation/theory
what would be wild is finding aliens and finding out we have a common ancestor. Like what the heck?
@@BeanskiiiiCheck the description, read the source. Scrutinize if you are so much inclined.
I’ve been going through the lowest phase of my life throughout this past year. I cant begin to describe how much this video affected me. It’s been a very long time since I had that click in my brain, realizing something that seems so obvious and beautiful. Thank you, I will not forget this feeling ever.
Wishing you strength and beauty ❤️
Hope ya see brighter days soon, dont forget tah treat yourself kindly on hard days
I love Kurzgesagt, but I am a practicing scientist running a molecular evolution lab and I feel I should clarify a few things here: 1) There is no overall tendency for genomes to get bigger as time passes. Bacteria that are alive today have experienced as much as evolution as we have, and their genomes remain small. To say that generically genome sizes increase over time is just wrong. 2) Then there is this idea that you can extrapolate backwards from this supposedly exponential relationship. This is based on extremely tenuous data (check the original publication, you can read the reviewers' comments, especially Koonin I think is dead on). First of all, a simple back extrapolation would assume the rate of increase in genome size was always constant. Even if we are to believe genomes do grow with time, it is highly implausible that the rate at which this happened was constant over time - especially when life was extremely simple. I just want viewers to understand that this analysis of genome size is extremely simple and not taken seriously by mainstream evolutionary biology.
More generally, the age of life on earth has been estimated using something called the molecular clock hypothesis. This has to do with the rate at which DNA sequences change over evolutionary time. One can collect DNA sequences from many different organisms and, put VERY simply, use statistical models to back extrapolate when the last common ancestor of all life probably existed. To do this, one has to use geological constraints (usually from fossils), and usually one also lets the rate of the clock change a little bit over the history of earth. Modern implementations of this technique come up with an age for the last universal common ancestor of around 4 billion, not 10 billion years. Only the least sophisticated, uncalibrated molecular clock analyses come up with an age for the Last Universal Common Ancestor that is older than Earth or the moon forming impact (which would have sterilised earth completely). The statistical evidence for Panspermia (the idea that life evolved elsewhere long ago and travelled to our planet on a rock) is currently very weak. That does not mean, in my opinion, that we should totally discount the possibility, but there is currently little direct evidence for it.
Anyway, love the channel.
I only took one genetics class is undergrad, and even I recall that our genome is not the biggest.
I am from Iraq in the sixth grade and I know that the Spanish butterfly has more chromosomes than a human
Imagine if this turns out to be true, that would mean that most lifeforms in the universe are related to the same ancestors. Incredible.
An Adam and Eve of sorts
You have to be crazy to believe this trash video 😂
If that is true then it is almost certain that there is other lifeforms in the solar system and maybe there is even some life underground on Mars.
so that's why most of the aliens look so similar on Star Trek
All matter is related to each other
i’ve never heard this theory before. im currently experiencing a sense of unimaginable awe bc it rly intuitively just makes so much sense as an explanation for why life was already so complex at the time soon after earth’s origin. it makes me even more burningly curious about what the mysterious heat source inside of Enceladus could be, or what it may be potentially sustaining
It's basically just an expansion on the theory of astrobiogenesis or "bioseeding"
You could search Google to find out why Enceladus is heated
Panspermia is a common theme in scifi.
Maybe life existed all over and has died everywhere and we are among the last left till we kill our planet like everyone else.
@@stevencooper4422 or 'panspermia' lol i feel like i prefer 'bioseeding' - but yea im familiar w those ideas, but the details that rly blew my mind about this one in particular were the increases of complexity delineated backwards to arrive approximately at the age of the universe being when the simplest genomes would have arisen assuming a consistent pattern, combined with the idea of the entire universe potentially having been a habitable zone for a time. something about the idea of life being ubiquitous and a built-in feature of the universe rit large as opposed to a random anomaly gives comfort to my heart and also does away with the fallacy of something self-sustaining and ridiculously complex coming about quickly in a universe dominated by entropy
I love Kurzgesagt videos in general, but I really feel like this is one of the best videos they’ve done in a while. I love the topics of space, time travel, life, etc and this video hit many great points. The visuals, the story/dialogue, and the soundtrack were all amazing 🫶🏼
my fav is The Egg - A Short Story, idk why but i love it.
@@WailTheIdiotI watched the egg so many times and have shown to a lot of my friends
my favourite is definitely the black hole one
@@WailTheIdiot Ah, yes! The Egg is a great one, too!!
oh. I felt like this was one of their worst in a while.
These animations are brilliant. These common simple ideas would have been known to most anyone with an interest in science and reading books decades ago and I was worried that as we continually dumb down, read less and lose interest in anything that isn't digitally done for us younger generations would not be as thoughtful about these topics (or anything really) as generations before them, but with brilliant animation like this sparking interest in bigger topic the following generations still have a pretty good chance.
As a Graphic Designer the animation, design, the narrative and everything I can think of is beautiful here. The quality of your work always manages to amaze me even more. I wanna be like you guys when I grow up haha. The way you illustrate and give life with such creativity and transform very deep knowledge into something easy to understand is amazing. Great team. Keep it up 💪 And the calendar looks fantastic! You guys have good merch too
Although all of this is highly speculative and could very well be nonsense, I'm just blown away be the mere idea. It is so simple yet so ingenious and I never thought of anything like this. And the best part for me as a scientist is: it actually seems to make sense and feels like it could be true! 😃 I love you guys for giving me this inspiration today!
One of my friends brought up a very good point about this - at that point in the universe, there would have been so much radiation everywhere that it would be impossible for any life to survive. Regardless of temperature, nothing can survive being constantly crashed into by supercharged particles, certainly not tiny single celled organisms not that big compared to the radiation itself.
This is certainly true for life as we know it today. However, we don't know what such early proto-cells might have looked like. Maybe, they weren't too susceptible to radiation because they were just much simpler than anything that is alive on earth today.
Besides, I'd say it isn't clear whether the radiation was really everywhere. The video also talked about very early planets and asteroids. Inside those, there could have been cavities that were protected from radiation to some degree. Inside such caves, cell evolution might have been easier.
Every drop of water floating through the universe in amalgamations of all sizes would have been liquid, and would have essentially been its own petri dish. Unimaginably high numbers of opportunities for life to arise; almost infinite for practical purposes, which seemingly pushes the probability up into near certainty that life arose during that epoch.
@@TerpleDerp2600 The "Goldilocks zone" is a generic term for when things are just right for something to happen (not too hot/radioactive, not too cold/inert). We live in a Goldilocks zone of time and space which has allowed life to flourish for a few billion years without being catastrophically wiped out or simply not having the resources to get started in the first place, there is nothing to say that in the unimaginably vast history of the universe that such zones haven't existed before
@@TerpleDerp2600 however the seedlings talked about in the video are not fully formed microorganisms but just template genomes formed from simple elements
This reminded me so much of Outer Wilds. That game is one of my favorites, never fails to make me cry. The notion that you're something so insignificantly small in the face of such magnitude is hauntingly beautiful. That epic scale resonates so deeply within me, like it makes my soul quiver. Thanks for this video, I loved it.
Such a gem. I still listen to the soundtrack!
O u t e r W i l d s
It was heartbreaking to know that the same generation of Hearthians(including the main character) that discovered the universe's expansion would be the last generation, ever.
But the eye was worth it.
(**happy banjo/harmonica/flute/drum/piano/theramin/whistling noises**)
That's an incredibly beautiful hypothesis. I always felt it was so amazing to look at all life on earth being relatives to each other since we all share common ancestors.
Now, the solution to the life paradox presented here would imply that there are family members of ours out there, in space, possibly all across the universe, as we all origin from the same life seed that first enabled dead molecules to reproduce and spawn the first metabolism.
Since when the whole universe had habitable conditions, there might have been multiple different original seeds, leading to what we could call different dynasties of life, all of which span across large portions of the universe.
I would say, you can't make it up, except some did, haha.
I don't know why, but Kurzgesagt videos like this always make me so emotional. I think it's a combo of the awe and excitement, as well as the sadness that I doubt I'll see the answers in my lifetime.
Came to the comment section to say the same thing. Can't believe I'm sitting here crying over a science video, but here we are
Crying here
The science they explain is amazing but the existential dread I get from a lot of their videos is a bit too much for me. I think I will unsubscribe for a while and find something else to watch.
The James Webb Space Telescope has the ability to read exoplanet atmospheric compositions. They just detected a good indicator for microbial life on a super-Earth 124 lightyears away. Don't lose hope!
Your animation team is getting ridiculously good.
There's just something immensely wholesome behind the idea that the universe itself, through its very existence, _wants_ to have life in it.
There is self Organisation and the quantum foam is a source of endless possibility.
Also energy can not been created or destroyed.
So yes - the universe wants to watch itself through your eyes.
Giving a large amount of time, a monkey can type Shakespeare sonnet on a typewriter. I don t understand why are they amazed that life came into existence 500 minion years after the planet was formed. 500 milliohm years is a long time for things to happen and trial and errors to occur.
@@dragodato be fair you seem to have difficulty _spelling_ "million" so it's not that much of a stretch to see why others struggle to wrap their head around the concept
So you believe that a spell error for a non native English's speaker states my level of intelligence? that is so barbaric, don t you think?@@Hawk7886
@@Hawk7886😂
It feels like he is explaining the whole universe lore and drags us in. It feels like we are flying around with him. It’s so goooood!!
Born too late to explore the Earth, born too early to explore the universe, born just in time to watch kurzgesagt
Born just in time to explore the microcosmos right in front of our very own eyes 24/7, yet unseeable without a microscope😉
Born right at a time to suffer at school, i don't have any problem with learning but if only schools were just like kuzugstat
But just in time to have micro plastics in all my major organs
@@wolfiemuse😭😭😭
There is far too much of the Earth left to uncover lol, this quote is always funny to see.
This gave me goosebumps. To think that we might be the aliens other life could be looking for is mindblowing.
Humans are overrated, I can't wait for the old gods to comeback
@@ChopSquadBaby They all dead.
That’s a very basic thought.. you should read more sci-fi
That’s your takeaway? Most of us have that thought when we’re 12
@@dialechim4368never existed*
Such a rare moment when Kurzgesagt creates a warming video as opposed to the usual ones with existential dread.
What are you talking about? They have plenty of videos on global warming.
Exactly, it's like a whole new genre I've never experienced before, the opposite of existential dread. Existential calmness? Existential joy?
It is an impressive hypothesis. Two points that come to mind for me, in order in which they occurred, are as such:
1. Earth did indeed go from "infernal partially-molten rock" to "woah there's microorganisms everywhere" pretty quickly, on a cosmological scale. We do need to remember, though, that "a few hundred million years" is so far beyond our mortal comprehension as to be basically indistinguishable from eternity to us. Even 100 million years is an insane amount of time for potential reactions to occur, assuming suitable conditions hold; and, if the expansion of the genome was anything like the Big Bang itself, it's plausible that a very simple genome rapidly became a lot more complex for the sake of efficiency and potentially handling early competition from divided sibling-cells, before slowing down somewhat and "merely" doubling in length every few hundred million years.
2. That said, if this hypothesis does turn out to be accurate, the implication is that all life is indeed derived from a similar source, and therefore it is not at all implausible that aliens will eventually develop to be bipedal with two arms like humans, therefore justifying our innate desire to make extraterrestials look like us and/or sexy in media.
The ending of your comment threw me for a loop. Serious scientific thought followed by "this justifies sexy aliens". A+ analysis lmao
Even if life did first appear 10+ billion years ago, that doesn't mean there's only a single source. It's entirely possible for different locations to form very different building blocks of life and evolve completely separately.
@@TheFinalChaptersNot really.
Physics and chemistry.
Laws of Life.
Found Captain Kirk.
A technological species would be very similar to humans, or animal life on Earth in general. It would have to be mobile and terrestrial, so no sentient trees or fish or cloud creatures. It would need grasping hands and walking feet, albeit not necessarily the same number. It would most likely be radially or bilaterally symmetrical. It would need a large brain, and having the primary sensory organs close to the brain (a head) just makes sense. It would need to be social, so have some kind of system for precise vocalizations, and may as well put that mouth close to the brain too. There is nothing in chemistry that has the kind of versatility as carbon, so more than likely it's going to be carbon-based life as well.
This is not my direct scientific field, but I have followed origin of life theories for quite awhile. While the genome size doubling is obviously majorly simplified as the video does suggest, I think it is a decent proxy. The exponential idea and reversing it was something I had never heard of before, and I think it is an absolutely stellar idea that carries some serious water. Thanks for introducing me to this concept! Definitely will be reading that source material.
kudos for "stellar" and "water." nice.
Well, there is such a thing as oversimplification, and IMHO the example of genome doubling was definitely such a thing.
And the reversal is seriously flawed as well, since we cannot at all assume that the same doubling rule can be applied to very simple genomes, which might evolve way more rapidly than complex genomes.
And no explanation how such extraterrestrial germs get to earth and survive getting here.
@@TobyLegion the explanation for life spreading across the universe was due to the fact that all water was liquid during that time. Life could easily hop from asteroid to asteroid, especially since everything was much closer together back then. 7 million years is easily enough time to travel across the galaxy.
@@TobyLegiontake a look at how certain microbes and tiny life can survive extreme conditions. These extremophiles (like the bacteria in hot springs or the classic water bears) have been found to withstand even the cold, hard vacuum of space through a sort of hibernation.
@@ancellery6430 that was not what i asked.
I asked how they got to earth and survived it.
Even with asteroids - those would have been cooked and flash frozen several times over.
And than the entry and impact.
I just paused the video to say that it's incredible how animation (and everything else too) quality improves over and over with every single video! Awesome work!
All the while never straying from their style. It’s still really clean, just more layered. Truly a beautiful channel in all facets
As a microbiologist (who has specialized a little in evolutionary biology) I do need to push back a little at some of the premises of this video. I'm not saying the conclusions are wrong, just correcting some things said that make like "spontaneously and quickly appearing" seem a little more reasonable. First off, to be considered life you do not necessarily need to have genes or anything resembling the system we use for replication these days. That system is just highly effective and appears in all species today because it is a dominant trait and survival of the fittest is a thing. All lifeforms without it were likely killed off as soon as genetic codes and gene replication proteins showed up. So, there are a LOT of steps between when life showed up and these systems evolved. It likely didn't "just happen" (assuming the alien-seed theory is untrue, which it could be). Further, this was quick on a grand scheme of things but not quick on an evolutionary basis. Keep in mind that an invasive species can come in and dominate an ecosystem in a year or two in extreme cases. Having no competition for resources from other life on a planet means we have an extreme case of all life being a "super" invasive species. Meaning life could spread across the planet REALLY fast. We have also seen the evolution of complex traits in animals in our lifetimes, so the evolution of relatively simple base functions across even a few million years and then that spreading planet wide... not that crazy to think about. It's actually kind of how we expect it would happen.
Again, not casting doubt on the video as a whole. For the most part, everything covered is possible and based on logic. Just saying that the alternative potential explanations are not as unreasonable as this video implies they are.
These visuals are tremendously impressive in so many galactic ways. Never have I ever imagined I would come across this channel out of the blue. Keep up the good work with all this. Even the dinosaurs want to be resurrected due to all the praise and recognition you’ve given them.
Imagine all the channels you have yet to come across that have even more awe and amazing visuals
What is more amazing is that only now you have discovered Kurzgesagt
kurzgesagt's quality of animation has improved exponentially and stunningly over the years, it's crazy
If we run the clock back, we see that the earliest Kurzgesagt, consisting of only a few pixels, may have been present only a few moments after the beginning of the Internet.
@@EvanBoyar nice one :D
@@EvanBoyarlol
@@EvanBoyar 😅
Two Cosmic Universe Points
🎇 🎆
I think they've moved from After Effects or they've got crazy motion designers spending a ton of hours with the camera in Z space.
I have a master degree in theoretical physics but this is for the first time I realized that there was a time when almost all of the Universe might have been habitable. I have never thought about that before. This video is a brilliant. It makes me feel shocked.
Similar boat for me. I had never considered that the window could be that long; I always assumed it only lasted a few seconds/minutes or some such scale of time, and also that there wouldn't have been any heavy elements around. Now I've got a 4 million year window to daydream about.
It's rare to encounter a brand new thought like this. Today is a good day :)
Bot
Honestly the early universe sounds like a genuinely magical place, I hope sometime in my lifetime we work out some way to literally look into the past so I can see it
I've got good news for you, pal.
If you look far enough in any direction, you can see the primordial universe. (There's that fickle problem of the cosmic event horizon though where light of a certain age will never reach us though...)
Apart from the technical quality of the video (visuals, sound, creativity, animations, narration, text, etc) which always manages to stun us, this idea completely blew my mind! I've always been fascinated at scientific and cosmological/atronomical/universe theories, like going inside black holes, worm holes, etc, but I never seen anything comparable to this Goldilock Universe theory, this is just absolutely brilliant. Of course when it comes to science fiction/theories, there are just too many variables that need to go into account and that requires lots of studies and maths and proving to actually go on with the idea of it actually working, and that I leave it to actual theorists and physicists to do, but the base idea already overwhelmed me, who always thought about the universe in this way, teeming with life somewhere, but never EVERYWHERE... This has become my favorite theory.
Remember, just because it was hospitable everywhere does not mean that life evolved everywhere. It might have only happened a few times. Or maybe just once
That would mean the aquatic animals would look in general like a fish,flying species like the birds,reptiles,mamiferes and an inteligent specie(or more) walking on 2 legs and using its arms to manipulate tools and objects. That would explain the cases of alien kidnaping people and animals,maybe they had some cataclism (a gamma radiation burst from their sun) or nuclear war in their history,they maybe had their DNA damaged,so they collect samples of how DNA chain is originally to repair theirs,also explains why they are all described as humanoids.I'm not saying all the cases are real,but is also imposible that people from different parts of the planet to describe the same alien specie they encountered.
Y'know, a lot of the fans of this channel harp on the whole "ah yes, my daily dose of existential dread", but then they pump out occasional gems that just fill you with absolute wonder and fascination about our own universe, and it all makes it worth it.
Honestly, the so-called existential ideas are only existential if one is still reckoning with them. It's really a matter of perspective. I feel like people yearning for humanity or just life in general to "always" exist, are at their very core struggling with mortality. To accept that we are finite is a heavy thing, which can lead to a sense of hopelessness, which sadly keeps them from enjoying what existence they do have. Reckoning and then making peace with existential ideas is both difficult and important for one's personal growth.
@@bluemooninthedaylight8073 elaborate, I’m rather curious if I fall in the same category as the individuals whom you speak of.
Damn, the way you displayed the early universe seems so cozy and colourful. Skies would've been so beautiful with all these galaxies nearby, neabulae etc. Yes, it would be very hostile as well to us, but beautiful as well. Another amazing video Kurzgesagt! You never fail to amaze me!
Unfortunately I don't think that's a very accurate image of the early universe. Galaxies would be very rare back then and the universe would have a glow to it from all the heat still, so nights would not really exist and so seeing anything in the sky would be unlikely. But it is fun/sad to thing about what craziness could be seen in the night skies in the past when stuff was a lot closer to each other.
Bro i used to watch your vids all the times and learn new facts, thank you for my childhood 😌
These videos about life on other planets are so touching. So odd to be sitting here crying over an science video, but it makes me feel so hopeful and somehow... not so alone in this crazy empty universe?
Thank you for the amazing work, you truly make science accessible in a completely different way
I adore the idea that we alongside any other possible species might all be related and fellow inheritors of the stars that shine on us.
Knowing how life tends to be kind of cynic on itself, its unlikely we will get along at first, but the possibility of spreading and traveling across the stars, together with any possible cosmic neighbors as the heirs and children of the big bang is something touching and beautiful to think of.
Really puts into perspective the idea that we are all the universe that is experiencing itself.
Children of the big bang❤ sounds so poetic
The animation team rightly always get a shoutout, but I would like to give huge props to the composer(s) of the music in this one!
Really captured the wondrous vibe. Keep up the great work!
they were definitely inspired by Giacchino's star trek score. i heard some moments that the cues sounded super similar.
Except for the guy that drew the pooping microbe.
"The animation team rightly always get a shoutout"
what shoutout? the animation team are absolutely amazing but i didn't see any shoutout in the video? did i miss it?
@@Jackson-pu7gd He means from viewers, in the comments section.
@@LDillon oh ok yeah i see
Thats the reason why we are so curious about the stars because in reality we are just homesick 😔
This theory is by far the best I've ever heard about. The fact that the calculation for how quickly and complex life evolved, was within the timeframe of our early universe, is such an amazing alignment and literally shacked me happy with excitement and hope that it is true. Where the temperature was pleasant for life to exist literally everywhere, when the right elements are just present, is one heck of a theory. I really hope it is true, it would mean that there is life everywhere in the universe and that there is complex life on other planets for sure. It would also mean that we would all be related by one single cell. BY ONE SINGLE SELL EVERYTHING IN THIS UNIVERSE. HOW AMAZING IS THAT!?!?!? One of my favorite vids of all time now
It is a hypothesis, not a theory. But it is a cool hypothesis indeed.
@@christianadam2907 ah
@@the_catboi 😊 A DNA sample would strengthen this or destroy it 👍 we will find out 🔭
Temperature isn't everything. Pressure and a whole host of other factors matter too, only one of which was covered in the video (availability of the necessary elements for life, though phosphorous in particular would likely still have been an issue).
If the entire universe (though significantly smaller than now) had the right conditions, there could be a lot more than one single cell that life evolved from
The issue I see with the "Goldilocks universe" is that water remains liquid at a different temperature range at a given pressure. Reduce the pressure enough, and you will get water boiling at 0ºC. So it is not just "the universe went from too hot to too cold, so for a few years it was at the right temperature." Also, the idea that genetic material, no matter how different to the current one, could have stayed "dormant" for eons after the universe cooled is quite... radical.
It may have major holes in it as a theory, but I do like that it suggests a reasonable answer for the evolution of life.
Unlike the theories about the universe being a simulation, there would be tangible evidence that we could find to either support or refute this idea. I hope we can find that evidence to evaluate this theory, since it would be very useful to know what sort of origin life had.
I agree with your first point but, regardless of the actual temperature, there must have been a span of time when water or other substances would have been liquid.
And is the hard vacuum of space not the ideal environment for preserving something akin to DNA?
Pressure probably would have been higher in the denser universe, but yeah genetic material surviving cold, radiation and burning as a meteorite through an atmosphere sounds very unlikely. Maybe it's a "very low but not 0" probability situation.
Great point. The pressure of space would have been different back then though as matter was more dense. Would have been good for him to talk about this rather than just completely skipping over it
@@RootDubz93even though the density of space was far higher in the early universe it was still low enough that we would consider it hard vacuum in relation to the boiling point of water.
So water was probably gaseous in hotter regions and solid in cooler regions
Finally, a video addressing the fact that the universe at some point was more or less room temperature and all it could imply. I find it highly likely life originated around that point, and why it should be everywhere we look, although it seems to be extremely rare to develop into anything like us (Fermi paradox). Been wondering about this for many years, and with this video I feel like I just got granted another piece of the puzzle to understanding life and the universe.
Yeah I bet the pressure was perfect for water to be liquid too ;))
Yes! Room temp universe is what I thought to lol. Super cool concept, makes sense that it would nurture life
People will come up with any supernatural theory they can just to not admit that God exists. This is not based on science… this is based purely on faith. Abiogenesis is a supernatural event believed by faith without any evidence and upon this theory the entire secular history is built.
It's possible that at some point it was at the just right temperature of water for showering
The “universe was room temp” theory makes no sense. Space has no atmosphere or structure to contain any of the heat that the “big bang” potentially released. That heat would’ve instantly dissipated and any superheated gases would cool through radiation, as what happens with supernovas, making that room temperature period last very briefly and not millions of years.
This is the single most mind blowing thing I’ve ever seen in my whole life.
As a mathematician, the extrapolation of the complexity of life on an exponential scale sounds genius. And definitely an idea simple enough that was pretty much available to anyone after the discovery of base pairs.
HOWEVER, from what little Biology I have come across, the complexity of life does not seem to be growing exponentially, but logarithmically. The more advanced beings we are, the more closely related we are to each other. We share like 90% of our base pairs with bananas and 99 with rats, and I don't know how much more with other primates, right?
The number of chromosomes is not an indicator for the complexity of life for example, etc etc. I remember cases of sponges having many more chromosomes than us, for example.
Am I missing something here?
Also the idea of punctuated equilibrium, where genomes may not change much during long periods of stable conditions, but may change and evolve/innovate rapidly during periods of of environmental instability
@@Bundpataka I generally agree with that sentiment - I am more familiar with equilibria and what you're saying feels right.
But the complexity doesn't seem to be "exploding", but rather "increasing". I know this sounds like a trivial distinction, but people, especially non-mathematicians, have this semi-intuitive feeling about the growth rate of the exponential function, which is sometimes treacherous.
If I had this (fantastic and genius, to give credit where it's due) insight that one could model the evolution of life on earth, especially given the fact that it happened soon after the earth's formation, I would definitely consider the logarithmic function first: it goes REALLY QUICKLY from zero to one, and it tapers off gradually.
No, you're not missing anything. That's part of why the idea is so speculative. Extrapolation is always iffy.
I suppose that this video is predicated on being able to extrapolate backwards to lifeforms with very few base pairs. As long as life trends to having more base pairs over time then it makes sense. Are there any cases where a species has "lost" complexity?
@@curlymcdom that's not how it works. Logarithmic growth is still growth. You don't lose what you already have, it's just that after a while you don't grow that much at all.
Extrapolation is also possible with logarithmic functions, and it also quite appropriate for the premise of the idea; logarithmic returns are also prevalent in nature, as much as exponential ones.
You guys continue to blow my mind with these fantastical ideas and amazing videos! Keep doing what you're doing! And thanks for the 12,024 human era calendar - been waiting eagerly for this one. Just ordered it. :)
If this hypothesis is real then we can say for sure that we are not an outlier. If life truly evolved ~10 B years ago, older than so many stars including our own, then life is as much an intended part of the cosmic "system" as any star or galaxy is.
And this gives me the chills (in a good way)
If it were real, there would still be a good chance that humans are the only or one of the first intelligent species in the universe.
Are those chills... multiplying??
This is complete pseudoscience. Just a bunch of delusional scientists refusing to believe in a creator. Fan fic material right here
Hell yeah
This just makes the Fermi paradox worse by orders of magnitude, the simple observations of the lack of alien civilizations should be pretty direct evidence to refute this hypothesis.
You never cease to amaze me!
Sources, incredible animations, epic music... I really appreciate the work that the whole team does!
My cat *loves* this channel - she sits and watches, transfixed, every time I put on a video. Either the animation style is really appealing to cats, or she's absorbing knowledge in a quest to become the most intelligent creature in the universe. Probably both.
Lol
Not my cat; he was playing fetch with a lump of moss this morning.
the theory of the entire universe once being a Goldilocks zone and hence having the opportunity to form the seeds of life that began life as we know it is ABSOLUTELY AMAZING, and brings so much deep joy to my soul! I'm not even sure why ..I'm just filled with wonder, awe at the cleverness, hope; floored by the beauty of it all.
Kurzgesagt, you've done it again~ thank you for being the gift that keeps on giving. you represent some of the best of humanity, and bring a slice of heaven on earth :') I hope your whole team remains happy and healthy, always
Cleverness implies mind.... And these godless freaks can't allow that. So be careful tread light
This has to be the single most awe-inspiring Kurzgesagt video in a *long* dang while, suggesting such an outlandish yet scientifically possible idea that is genuinely insane to think and theorize about. Also, both the music and the visuals at their usual Kurzgesagt quality, that to say, at an absolute peak of ''minimalist'' 2D animation.
This is my favorite kurzgesagt video so far. The idea of the early universe being "habitable" almost everywhere blows my mind all the way to the stars. Thanks a lot for this story!
One of the best videos Kurzgesagt ever made!
You guys now opened a whole new window for us to wonder about our existence and the existence of life.
You got me on tears 🥺
Thanks Kurzgesagt ❤
4 minutes after the video was posted there was already 5.5K people watching this. I was drawing people in my science lesson and I literally watched through the whole video without turning my head. Kurzgesagt has such a weird vibe that makes you want to watch more. Thank you for the knowledge and wish this channel runs forever!
30k 10 mins ago. Wild
I dont have school today so I got to catch this vid early.
the reason is because the narrator’s voice is just so damn good and its really entertaining
Well I for one value this information
As someone who lived in the era before the internet I truly appreciate this vast amount of knowledge being available for free
The Goldilocks Universe is such a melancholic idea. It shows you how life was everywhere shortly after the start of the universe but all that is left now are echoes who just keep bouncing around in thier own confines and become more complex ripples, it makes you think about all the stuff that we would never know about life that existed in that state of the universe and what amazing concpets it would have been thriving off of But it also gives you hope that maybe just like us, there exists some other echo of life on some other planet or celestial body that has a similar echo to us and the hope of maybe finding it someday.
I may have cried while they explained the goldilocks universe
Yeah but the issue of contact is lack of communication, the lack of information about their morals if any, and if anything goes wrong what if they've evolved to be like really resilient and we can't kill them or something. Or what if (very probable) we accidently kill each other from viruses because of the fact neither us or the alien have been in contact with the viruses.
it's not rly an echo tbh, it was always just primordial life, small strings of genome, it wouldn't have been any more complex than a cell
This is the best learning and entertainmet yotuber EVER!
Will aliens be Humanoids? Will plants be green on the other planets? I would love to see Kurzgesagt cover this topic!
I wanna see the Aliens!
I misread humanoids as homophobic
@@phantomaviator1318 x)
who knows, humanoid species have only existed on earth for a very small amount of time when you think about it, and on the color of plants its probably dependent on the star if anything.
1) Probably they would not, if they have well enought technologies to make it to our system. I think that a swarm of nanites, when your personality (if is) is just a brain in a vat, would be the most effective way.
2) Probably, if star is a yellow dwarf like our Sun, it would be green, but not all plants even on our Earth are green.
Just saying props to the animators, I love how they portray aliens as different life forms other then a humanoid, brilliant!
I haven't been in a great spot financially lately, so I've been keeping personal, unnecessary purchases to basically zero.
I think this year's calendar will be the first guilt-free purchase I've made for myself in the last half year. The entire collection is gorgeous, and I've been a fan of Kurzgesagt for about 8 years now. I bought their first calendar and have been wanting to buy another one since then, but I kept forgetting until it was too late; I'm really excited for this year's =)
same! I dunno why I haven't but this year is gonna be my first calendar purchase - Love Kurtzgesagt...
Relatable! A long term Kurtzgesagt fan with consistent financial issues here too, never buying anything unnecessary. I would still love to decorate my place. And I absolutely love the calendar and some other stuff like posters I've seen in the videos. I haven't even dared to open Kurtzgesagt merch store, because there would be so much stuff I want! But I definitely know what to ask my family or friends for a Christmas present this year ;) Or if I reach some sort of financial stability, this merch stuff will be early on my shopping list. :)
I cried 😭😭😭😭😭
7:29
This is such a beautiful hypothesis
It makes so much sense
Why didn't I ever think of this!!
Greatly increasing the volume for life to evolve.... What an amazing and simple idea....
The music definitely adds.
Honestly, thank you for this video. I've been feeling really bad about myself and life lately, and this theory makes me feel hopeful about the world and my place in it. Like I'm at the center of a universe full of possibility and potential, like the Dark Forest and Great Filter are just fictional monsters made up by parents to scare us as kids. Your videos make me feel like stardust! 🥰
I do not know you but want you to know I am proud of who you are and for what you do every day. I know and feel the same way sometimes. I hope things get better for you and that you have someone to talk to if you need it.
We're truly are star people and everyone is exactly where you should just remember everyone is not the same you'll be okay jst keep moving forward❤
Let go of hope, you're it
Hopefully you'll also take some joy in knowing that you don't only have to _feel_ like stardust, you actually, literally, are made of the dust and debris of (probably multiple) many-billion years old supernovas (supernovae?). EDIIT: PS: aka: stardust.
The world's awesome; You're awesome. Look at the world and witness its awesomeness :D
The animation just keeps getting better every episode. I'm loving it!
One of my absolute favourite videos ever!
I just rewatched it, and... WOW!
This video takes you on a journey, explaining everything you need to know a an awesome, precise yet simple way, building of block after another until you can make the most astonishing, well reasoned conclusions!
I must say, I was absolutely blown away.
We found it, the most optimistic Kurzgesagt video yet
I am a medical student, and let me tell you this: your videos are like a remedy, a potion, a fuel that reminds me of the beauty of life, and encourages me whenever I feel down... thank you very much for creating such marvellous videos! ❤❤❤ I'll make sure to remember to support you once I graduate or when I get a career in my university! Just look at the uniqueness of our human diversity: I'm an Iranian, studying in Istanbul turkey, and Im watching this video in our world's lingua franca. Thank you again very much for being a hopeful light within this chaotic, dynamic, and locally ordered universe 🙏🙏🙏
🛑Big Bang is a scam🤏
Unless the age of the universe is much much older than 13b or 26b 🤏 Early universe is extremely dense, which means spacetime was extremely warped, which also means the time was extremely slow🤏 Thus, age of the universe must be extremely old 🤏
@@duran9664Wow! I doubt the millions of physicists and scientists have ever thought of that before….
this will be my first calendar!! i'm so excited:) would yall ever reprint older ones as poster series or something? there's a lot that i like that i missed!
I believe this is personally your most interesting video yet. It puts even more thought to how amazing it is that we're all here, at this time, in this place. The chances of everything that led to our existence are just so low, they're nearly zero. And yet, we exist.
THIS hypothesis is truly amazing and inspirational! The idea that all life in the Universe emerged at the very beginning, seeded all the solid matter in the range of the Big Bang in a warm, very lively and active universe then expanded everywhere else, is absolutely astonishing! Imagine the implications this could have for Biology. It would basically make us related with all other aliens in the world through our common very ancestral link at the beginning of the Big bang. The whole phylogeny tree would be turned upside down. Even the implications for Religion are amazing to consider. Imagine the mythology this hypothesis creates! In my opinion one of the most inspiring Kurzgesagt videos. What is even more amazing is that even though a speculative idea, it is very plausible and also, relatively easy to prove. Basically discovering any extraterrestrial life, microbial or of any kind and analyzing it's genome, we would be able to tell if theere is a link between it and us.
Or from a different perspective, we are the only life left
it's still possible because of the size of the universe that life emerged in multiple places in the universe.
By far my favorite video.
There are still some questions that need to be answered like how did life persevere itself long enough to populate earth.
My favorite bit is when the comparison was made between the genome and a book and the acknowledgment that such a script would take longer to make randomly than the earth has been around.
Very rarely will a video change my perspective so drastically, this absolutely did! One of the best uploads yet ❤️
This could mean that at some point, there most likely were intelligent civilizations that interacted with eachother like in sci fi movies, we are simply unlucky for being born too late, isolated in the vast, cold, universe.
Just one word is needed, to describe this video:
beautiful!
I mean your videos are always great and high quality and this is not the first special gem, but as a few comments described already, its really somewhat magical. All of it!
This stuff is fascinating to think about and the idea of the Goldilocks universe does make sense logically. It's wild that the only real look into Panspermia I had in school was "maybe life came from space, lol" and completely avoided the "the entire universe would have had the necessary temperatures for life at one point" idea.
I also want to BIG "bang" those aliens
One major problem with this theory that completely discredits it is that water DIDN'T EXIST YET during the early universe expansion. The universe was too dense and composed only of hydrogen and helium. Carbon and Oxygen didn't exist to form water or life.
I've been loyally watching Kurzgesagt videos for 8 years. But boy, this is one of those videos that just hits different.
1:35 but the bacteria tho...
nahhh 💀
🎂
Pretty small but I bet it can fit
Hahaha
GYAATTTTT
I hope everyone who does not have hope for our species stumbles upon this video. Although our individual lives are short and might seem insignificant, but we are the product of life evolving over billions of years. Just your existence itself is a testament to how far we have come and an indicator to how far we will go. No matter where you are or what you are doing, you are contributing to our species. I hope you realize that you are unique beyond comprehension, never lose hope.
This is essentially a cool version of the panspermia theory. The one issue I have is that life on earth that can go into an inert state and be revived evolved because massive swings in temperature in their environments. If the universe was universally hot then it doesnt seem like there would be much pressure for this to evolve and then we would see these properties in our early life but alas cynobacteria doesnt have these traits to my knowledge.
This channel might be one of the most informative while being the most visually satisfying on all of TH-cam
There's just something immensely wholesome behind the idea that the universe itself, through its very existence, wants to have life in it.
…And then I burst out crying.
Isn’t everything so marvellous, even in its devastations, death and decay?
Are we not so privileged? however fleeting our individual moments here?
Bearing witness, little sparks of consciousness, we are, like fire flies in our most marvellous Universe.
@@MKRexBeing stuck at mere microbes attached to a grain of sand in the boundless desert that is the universe is hardly commendable.
Sure, we got to see this, now what?
Is living such an insignificant reality worth it as long as you can bear witness to the grandeur of something that isn't you and will never even consider your existence as anything more than dust or mere atoms if translated to our limited perspective?
These videos never fail to provide great content. Not only is it informational, it also adds top notch presentation. The piano music in this one was particularly captivating.
As someone unemployed, this all blew my mind with how accurate it felt to me with my minimal understanding of things! Wow, you've done such a great job! Everyone, tell us your careers and how much it helps you love this video.
I’ve always believed that from the “you need proteins to make a genome, and a genome to make proteins” thing is a random chance event that happened in the exact right conditions near places like volcanos or in deep sea trenches at destructive plate boundaries.
Or from a lightning bolt ⚡️
Giving a large amount of time, a monkey can type Shakespeare sonnet on a typewriter. I don t understand why are they amazed that life came into existence 500 minion years after the planet was formed. 500 milliohm years is a long time for things to happen and trial and errors to occur.
@@dragoda watch the video again
Modern microbes have to compete with each other. The FIRST microbes only had to compete with entropy. Even if their metabolism was slow and reproduction unreliable, with no competition except for each other they could cover the world and diversify.
@@dragodaI don’t think you understand how tiny the chance is for life to emerge in the first place
everytime i see a kurzgesagt video get uploaded i immediately drop everything just to watch it, these videos are definitely my most favorite on TH-cam.
Same they are must watch videos the quality is really good
Same, I just dropped everything and started watching
if you think about it, finding this video 12 seconds after it got uploaded is kinda like finding alien life in the immediate aftermath of the big bang
Wow ok
@@sHiNcHaN12850u just came from school and you’re very smol
@@DoMoreNewlooking at ur videos now I released tat I'm atleast A 10 YEARS OLDER than u kiddo , which means u were born when I was 10 huh 🐣
@samsee_ca, you're onto something with this theory.
@@sHiNcHaN12850 it’s really not that deep
I don't know why your videos about space always make me cry, but they do. Whether about celestial bodies or aliens, something about the cosmos is just so awe-inspiring that I end up getting overwhelmed.
Thank you for bringing some new ideas to my attention. I am particularly interested in this Goldilocks early universe idea. But I have some serious concerns over the doubling of the functional genome over time. I have not had time to look over the cited papers in detail, I see that a key one dates back to 2006, back when we had very few genomes to look at.
But I would like to make the point that many biologists often overlook, which is that all living organisms on earth have been around for the same amount of time. They have all been evolving for the same number of years. Bacteria have been evolving for more generations than animals as their generation time is much shorter, so by some ways of defining evolution, they have been evolving longer than we have, but their genomes, both total size and the “functional” fraction are still small. The view that life progresses from simple to complex is not very mainstream. Reduction of genomes and complexity is also very common - we see many organisms loose multicellularity for example. Another interesting example is that many organisms lose introns, the interrupting (non-coding) parts of eukaryotic genes.
So just a few things to keep in mind when considering how accurate this doubling of the functional genome might be. Also that life often changes in complexity in major ways due to particular constraints. The evolution of sexual reproduction is related to becoming eukaryotes. It is hard to disentangle the origins of meiosis and the gaining of the mitochondria, but but these two events early in the eukaryotic lineage also relate to the origin of many new ways to regulate gene expression, likely in response to the many selfish genetic elements that could prosper in eukaryotes with sexual reproduction in a way that they could not in asexual prokaryotes.
It is very possible that life on early arose and lead to fairly large genomes in an unusual and unexpected way and we do not have any snapshots going from non-cellular life to cellular life, just as we do not have any snapshots during eukaryotigenesis to work out the order of those key events. The RNA world hypothesis, with some interesting recent updates offers an interesting alternative idea for a local origin of life (as cool as I do find the space seed hypothesis - however I do not find the projections based on functional genome size a convincing support of this).
Well said, another person was commenting and had similar concerns to us. Not only does genome doubling not make sense at the margins (a single base pair genome becoming a double base pair genome takes billions of years?), it doesn't make sense when you look at existing life today. You might argue that plants are less advanced than humans or mammals, but it's not really the case. Plants have extremely diverse tissues, complex organization and life cycles and many genomes are massive compared to ours. In fact, they are often whole genome doubled or quadrupled, which occurs in a much shorter timespan than suggested by the hypothetical genome curve in this video. There are also probably molecular constraints on genome/cell size that play into this as well like you mentioned. Also, genome genome size does not tell the whole tale either, especially comparing pro/eukaryotes. Epigenetic regulation is massively complex and carries nearly as much information as the genome itself, that essentially "hides" extra complexity in this comparison because there are no "bases" that encode it.
@@philipcreamer4 Thank you guys for taking the time to write these comments!
It seems to me that the correct statement is life *can* become more complex, not that it *will.* Of course, until we can find some other examples than Earth, it's all just theory. But it's a fascinating theory.
@@baa0325 just an hypothesis, not a therory. I know I am annoying but a theory is the highest level of knowledge we have in science and I believe the more person know that and use it correctly, maybe some person would stop using it as if it's an argument to deny science
When he said that the genome doubles, I instantly had doubts cause I ain't too sure about that judging by the variety of genome sizes across the board of the animal kingdom. I find it highly unlikely that all life spawned and seeded everywhere near the beginning of the big bang like that. It just seems more probable that life on Earth is unique to us.
This is a really cool concept. I feel like the fact that pressure is needed for liquids to exist is forgotten (or more likely glazed over for simplicity) but that does mean it could only be on reasonably large planets. Pretty cool that it could just be any planet though, even without a star. Although stars help with energy input.
Its ridiculous is what it is...
Content like this harnessing the attention of nearly half a million views in just a few hours breathes some microbial life into my hope for humankind.