Leviathan and Yahweh's Conquest over the Sea
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- เผยแพร่เมื่อ 3 ม.ค. 2024
- Episode 12: The Old Testament is full of passages that describe God’s creation of the world, and most of them are described in terms of combat between Yahweh and the sea as well as a primordial sea monster named Leviathan. In this video, I explore the roots of this ancient motif and how it is developed within the Bible.
Chapters:
0:13 - Introduction
1:07 - Ancient cosmology
3:55 - Dragons in the Bible
7:04 - Baal versus the sea
8:44 - The seven-headed dragon
10:49 - Yahweh’s lightning spear
13:20 - The origins of Leviathan
16:21 - Creation and the harvest festival
19:22 - The final stages of biblical creation
23:19 - Summary and end video clip
Books you can read to learn more (affiliate links):
⦾ God’s Conflict with the Dragon and the Sea by John Day
→ amzn.to/47D0CSd
⦾ God's Monsters: Vengeful Spirits, Deadly Angels, Hybrid Creatures, and Divine Hitmen of the Bible by Esther Hamori
→ amzn.to/47phs6T
★ Special thanks to John Kesler for consulting and advice.
Donate a few pennies to support this channel:
⦾ ko-fi.com/pauldavidson
Chart of Bible passages with chaoskampf and storm-god elements:
⦾ drive.google.com/file/d/1XHsF...
See Ben Stanhope's (@bens7686) video for more information on ancient cosmology:
→ • The Solid Sky Dome of ...
Sources and References:
⦾ Anderson, Bernhard W. (1994). From Creation to New Creation: Old Testament Perspectives.
⦾ Batto, Bernard F. (1992). Slaying the Dragon: Mythmaking in the Biblical Tradition.
⦾ Batto, Bernard F. (2013). In the Beginning: Essays on Creation Motifs in the Ancient Near East and the Bible.
⦾ Beaulieu, Paul-Alain (2021). Chaos and Order in Mesopotamian Thought. Antiquorum Philosophia 15, 2021.
⦾ Day, John (1985). God’s Conflict with the Dragon and the Sea.
⦾ Farber, Zev. The Origins of Sukkot. www.thetorah.com/article/the-...
⦾ Fishbane, Michael (2003). Biblical Myth and Rabbinic Mythmaking.
⦾ George, Arthur and Elena George (2014). The Mythology of Eden.
⦾ Giere, S. D. (2009). A New Glimpse of Day One: Intertextuality, History of Interpretation, and Genesis 1.1-5.
⦾ Green, Alberto R. W. (2003). The Storm-God in the Ancient Near East.
⦾ Haas, Volkert (1994). Geschichte der hethitischen Religion.
⦾ Keel, Othmar (1997). The Symbolism of the Biblical World: Ancient Near Eastern Iconography and the Book of Psalms.
⦾ Keel, Othmar and Silvia Schroer (2015). Creation: Biblical Theologies in the Context of the Ancient Near East.
⦾ Korpel, Marjo and Johannes de Moor (2017). The Leviathan in the Ancient Near East. In Playing with Leviathan: Interpretation and Reception of Monsters from the Biblical World.
⦾ Levenson, J. (1988). Creation and the Persistence of Evil.
⦾ Pardee, Dennis (2002). Ritual and Cult at Ugarit.
⦾ Popko, Maciej (1995). Religions of Asia Minor.
⦾ Schwemer, Daniel (2008). The Storm-Gods of the Ancient Near East: Summary, Synthesis, Recent Studies - Part II.
⦾ Van Bekkum, Koert (2017). “Is Your Rage Against the Rivers, Your Wrath Against the Sea?” Storm-God Imagery in Habakkuk 3. In Playing with Leviathan: Interpretation and Reception of Monsters from the Biblical World.
⦾ Wright, J. Edward (2000). The Early History of Heaven.
⦾ Wyatt, N. (2002). Religious Texts from Ugarit, 2nd Edition.
⦾ Wyatt, N. (2005). The Mythic Mind: Essays on Cosmology and Religion in Ugaritic and Old Testament Literature.
⦾ Zimmerli, W. (1964). The Place and Limit of Wisdom in the Framework of Old Testament Theology. Scottish Journal of Theology 17/2, 1964.
#biblestudy #creationism #deconstruction
Paul, when I see that you drop a video, I drop everything to watch it. ❤
Hi Derek!
Thanks, Derek! Your support means a lot.
As a Jew, I really appreciate this in-depth look at where many of the stories come from. It honestly makes all the myths and stories feel more alive than just reading them plainly and literally. You can see the evolution of ideas, cultures, and values. The culture was alive, and in a sense still is. And I think it's important we recognize where we came from
Thanks the comment. That's exactly what I'm after.
Wasn't expecting it to be a Canaanite myth, but also it shouldn't be a surprise considering how Judaism evolved in the Lavant
Judaism was a reaction to Egyptian regime...Canaan was under Egyptian rule and the Cannonite pagan tribes United under one God over time to solidify a confederacy and overthrew the Egyptian occupation of the lavant.
There's no evadence for a exodus out of Egypt, but we know that the Egyptian empire ruled over the Levant.
A common god is good politically so El and Yaweh and Shadi become one god. I think this theory fits the known facts better and Judaism I is a gumbo of all the Cannonite tribes that joined the confederacy against Egypt, probably the Moabites didn't.
People relighting history all the time expessally for religious reasons.
This is the best presentation about leviathan I have found yet. Great channel.👍🏽
This is the best working theory.
@@DharmaOverDawah
Job chap. 41. The Lord continues to address Job (Earth). "Canst thou draw out leviathan with a hook?" or "bore his jaw with a thorn?" Here is a grand conundrum. The "leviathan " is conjectured to have been a crocodile, a Cetus, or whale, a hippopotamus, a dragon, a crooked serpent, etc., any huge and frightful object, no matter what, so it gratified the morbid taste of the ignorant and superstitious multitude - anything but the truth, which theologians seldom seek.
*It is really amusing to read the endless comments and glosses which have been written on this word 'behemoth.' '' Common sense would suppose the object of the writers was simply to avoid the plain and obvious meaning of the text. The truth that cattle eat grass like oxen, was too simple to be seen by learned theologians, most of whom, seeking to fill their own bellies, never think of an ox, except in the form of steak, as it comes smoking hot upon their platters - let alone the ox eating grass like an ox.
Etymology, which is our great sheet-anchor and only sure guide in mythology, shows us that "leviathan" is a compound of three distinct roots - levi = joining together, jah- the Sun, and than = a, serpent. Leviathan is that portion of the Sun's ecliptic called summer. In winter leviathan is cast into the sea to be hooked out in the spring. The dreaded season of winter may be denoted by any great animal, any of the above-named; the whale which swallowed Jonah, or the Sun, being the one most likely meant.
In 3.8, this word leviathan is translated mourning, as testified by the marginal reading. The translation is so distorted that much attention is required in reading it, to get at its meaning. The English should run thus: Let them that curse the day, and who are ready to haul up leviathan, curse the night also, i.e., on the return of spring let winter, cursed winter, pass away. The Whale and the Ram rise together. If the Sun come in conjunction with them, summer follows - leviathan is hooked out of the sea.
Leviathan, we are told, sometimes meant Pharaoh; at other times it referred to Sennacherib, etc. (see Smiths Bib. Dict, Art. Leviathan). In Isa. 27.1, leviathan “is" that crooked serpent." What "crooked serpent?" Are not all serpents "crooked," one as well as another? Why this distinction? The adjective must refer to some permanent characteristic of the serpent spoken leviathan is the Sun's ecliptic, or, what is the same thing, the Earth's orbit. This serpent is here shown. He may be seen in the frontispiece to Mallet's s Northern Antiquities. So, this "leviathan" is a terrible fellow.
He will not make a covenant with you - will not come between God and Noah, for the constellations are beyond our solar system; still we use him as a "servant," as a means to denote the time of the year. Don't play with him as with a bird, nor fill his skin with " barbed irons" or his head with fish spears; but lay thy hand upon him gently (vs. 8) - let the warm weather come. He has terrible teeth, for he (time) devours all things. His scales (bits of time) are so near together that no air can come between them. By his "neesings," sneesings, or radiations, light is sent forth, and sorrow (winter) is turned to joy (summer). He esteems Iron (winter) as straw; but he beholdeth high things, and is king over all the children of pride (summer).
@@DharmaOverDawah
Moab = water father = Aquarius aka Moses, Osiris, Noah, Thoth, Hermes, Bacchus....................
Holy cow, this video was amazing. Super informative, great narration, great visuals, and well organized
Always great to see a new video from you. There’s so many stories that I’m hoping you’ll cover one day.
Fun fact but on Chinese New Year many observers mistakenly believe there is a 'lion dance' but traditionally and as far back as it's known, this is a story about 'Nian' who is a terrifying sea creature that lives in the ocean. A few days a year it would come up onto the land to feed on people. It was unstoppable in any physical way, no warrors, no spears, no traps could stop Nian. the hero of the story figures out that Nian is scared of bright red lights and hates loud popping noises. The next time Nian comes from the ocean they release red lanterns, light fires and bang pots (later to be firecrackers) and Nian panics and flees back to the ocean. A modern Japanese version 'Godzilla' is more like the original story idea. Today 'Nian' is often like a Kiran or even a 'Pixar' type Oaf with a single horn or something.
It is still today the word for "year." 年
Great video! Dr. Daniel Schwemer was recently interviewed by the channel “What Your Pastor Didn’t Tell You” on the Syrian and Anatolian storm-gods!
Thanks! I just discovered Dr. Schwemer's work while researching this video, so I'll have to check that out.
I never get tired of learning about parallels between ancient religions and beliefs. It helps put things in perspective. I appreciate your neutral approach to simply offering information without commentary on your personal thoughts.
Hello! I want to express how appreciative I am in all your hard work in breaking down these verses and correlating/mapping them to other verses! You also provided all of your citations to us and allowed transcriptions on your videos! WOW! This helps me on so much in my own personal endeavor of truth that no words exist other than thank you! 🙂
Thanks for the wonderful comment, Staci! It's very encouraging to hear that my videos are helping people.
I'm so excited for a new video from you. Thanks!
Thanks for watching!
@@InquisitiveBible I could not agree more with your conclusion about people missing the beauty of the evolution of thought about creation. It should teach us a lesson to allow our faith room to grow and change with the knowledge of our day. I think holding on too tight to ideas that can be easily refuted only leads to Inquisitive readers having a faith crisis or worse loss of faith all together. That was me for a while.
My guy new to Makin vids and you’re already killing it. This. Was interesting and informative
Man I look forward to your videos and your posts on your page like it's my birthday, thank you so much and keep it up 💪🏻🙏🏻❤️👏🏻
You made a really good informative video here. I subbed. Look forward to more.
Best discussion on this topic I've seen so far.
Great job on this one ... Answers so many questions
Ya the fact that the gods are Not the Creator- but war amongst each other and man- can’t wait for all this chaos to be over once and for all. No Religion for me- as soon as ya make whatever god upset he’s out for vengeance 🩸.
Absolutely love your work my friend 😁 thank you as always for such a scholarly take
Thanks as always for watching!
I don't think Fire From Heaven is automatically to be understood as lightning.
That's a stretch.
What Elijah is calling down is pretty obviously a unique phenomenon since they immediately kill all the Priests of Baal after they see it.
Really good that you attribute each point as required. Top scholarship.
Thanks! I think it's important that people can see what my sources are, and I also want viewers to realize that none of this is my original work.
Excellent video
Very fascinating stuff indeed! I've always been intrigued by those ancient myths and their connections to each other.
Great vid. Rich with detail. Thanks. ❤
Rant add: some religious people might say, all other religions copied the Israeli one. However major powers like Persia, Babylon, Egypt, Greece, Rome usually influence others never the other way around from dominated cultures. Religion always mixes with neighbouring cultures
There's still influence from less dominating cultures to more dominating ones though. The Romans simping the Greeks a lot is the most obvious example.
And there were religious traditions that came from other places that then blended more with the local culture
@@didack1419 true true, i should have said more blending/ mix of neighbouring cultures as you stated...
though Roman culture took Greek cause Rome at the time was just in italy if I'm right, Greece was the dominant in society, philosophy
I will argue that you're also neglecting the overall biblical narrative. And that is God created the world and all other gods that ever came afterwards we're just knock off images. Also there is this issue where Israel is actually the underdog of the entire Old testament and even Christ is very much a sacrificial lamb in the New testament and the church to this day is still to this day both in the state of weakness and prevalence. The only God to be described as not having an actual description and hating any competition because it's all considered fake telling everyone not to do witchcraft because it's also fake and being completely and totally atheistic except for the one true God who also acts simply through miracles of power over creation which he created, no actual witchcraft practices or suggestion that man-made sorcery is the main stay of everything. Diminishing humanity over and over again in favor of the gods is not unique however it is very severe and strange particularly in the old testament. Christ himself is very strange and that he does do the thing that is required by the entire Old testament law to sacrifice for the sake of sins going all the way back to the oldest story in Genesis about crushing the snake The offspring of a woman. There is way too much consistency continuity and the survival rate is just ridiculous to simply dismiss that the idea of one true powerful God over every other God who realistically in the end has every other religion surrounding it copying small details from a very minimalistic and straightforward text about how it was nothing and then it was something there was no man then there was man and then a spirit being named God watch this mankind destroyed himself. All by choices and actions and through deceit. This comparison is not enough. Especially if God as Yahweh is the original Who is copied by all the other religions. The least dominant culture is specifically chosen for a reason in the OT. God displays power through weakness repeatedly. The major cultures surrounding Israel being major unfortunately encourages this OT testimony. Also why would the dominant cultures in their spiritual weakness not fail to adopt the belief in Yahweh, Eve and Pandora, and so much more. I like Lovecraft. He wrote mythology. But this is kind of a fact we need to consider. If there is one Singular Truth to the most ancient origins of our world, the world will remember it in diverse ways. Yet if there is a revealing God, he will show Himself one time again and again and preserve that revelation as He has done, at least as a logical character if interested in Mankind, where Lovecraft's monsters aren't. But I think this is good comparison because we forget the actual debate is whether there is a very genuine Monomyth that is in fact MonoTruth from which Myth derives it's nature. This is not some Lovecraftian idea. This unfortunately is what the Biblical narrative not only says, but is uncanny for self awareness in asserting no these are the knockoff deities I am the true one. It raises questions about Leviathan and whether there is more here about God than we normally presume.
Also, yeah, a Plesiosaurus that is fire breathing Leviathan and then is imagined or did indeed at one have 7 heads like the Hydra... Unfortunately we still have creatures that once existed on earth that match the description, and not any evidence to back up millions of years except for presupposition. Again, uncanny. I have often wondered if Hydra and Leviathan were related. We do end upw ith multiheaded snakes in life. Also if a reference to Satan it is possible that it is like the idea of the Serpent in the Garden itself...The Devil creating or acting as a multiheaded Plesiosaurus monster the way he chose a serpent in the beginning. Careful about conclusions and perspectives as human beings. Be more objective than to say yes or no to bias.
Simply splendid! Many thanks.
MythVision sent me 😆 Love it!!
Excellent dissertation! The bibliography of this video is a semester’s study!
New subscriber here - appreciating what I am finding. Btw - Myth Vision sent me. 😉
Great to hear it!
Very well done. Thank you.
Nicely done video. Simple but effective graphics with clear and understandable narrative with few simple sound bites. What software did you use to make your video?
Thanks for the comment. I design most of the elements in Photoshop or Illustrator, animate them in After Effects, and do the final editing in Premiere Pro. So just a basic Adobe pipeline.
Great stuff, very well explained.. Derek (myth vision) sent me here.
Thanks for the nice words!
Learning the inspirations behind the biblical myths is always so interesting. I feel like it makes the whole compilation of books much more interesting, and the Chaoskapmf/Leviathan stories are always fun. Also, great to hear Anat get name-dropped. Definitely my favorite goddess.
How about Esther, aka Venus?
@@QuestionThingsUseLogic
Biblical Levi is the bond/band of stars connecting the two fishies in Pisces. At one time, the northern fishy was a birdie.
Joshua/Jesus was fathered by Nun (fish/Pisces). The father of Nun the fishy was Caleb (dog) aka Canis major.
It’s not a myth it’s true
@@user-yourlost
Correct, the father of Joshua/Jesus was a fish. This is why Catholic biggies wear fish caps. Don't forget Oannes.
What on earth is this comment section?
This is amazing. Thank you
Another new episode! Tell you the truth, I had no idea that the Levant was the likely source for Babylonian story, but this video explains very clearly why we believe this to be the case. I always learn a lot in these videos.
Fantastic video!
Thanks as always for watching!
Outstanding 👏👏👏
nice one
The reason the first part of Genesis is considered early writing is because it references the Elohim, children of the God El, as the creators rather than Yahweh. Yahweh was a son of El as Baal Hadad was, then it references both of them, or all of them.
This was all very interesting theory. I have heard the Sumerian god Ningishzida connected to the serpent of the Garden of Eden. A dying-and-resurrecting snake god who had dominion over vegetation like trees and vines (wine), he somehow guarded the gate to the sun god as well as living in the netherworld of death. A serpent and tree that stretches from the netherworld to the stars reminds me of Yggdrasil, the world tree, and Nidhoggr, the serpent who gnawed at its root. Could the dying-resurrecting god of trees who guarded the gate to the sun also be connected to the serpent who guarded the golden apple tree of the Hesperides nymphs, Daughters of Evening (who for some reason turned into trees in the Argonaut story)?
"A serpent and tree that stretches from the netherworld to the stars reminds me of Yggdrasil, the world tree, and Nidhoggr, the serpent who gnawed at its root."
These ideas certainly do seem to be deeply rooted (forgive the pun) in human consciousness. I have quite a bit more research to do before I can address Eden, the serpent, and the Tree of Life properly. The Tree of Life in particular is all over the place in Mesopotamian art.
@@InquisitiveBible Its mythological telephone! I just realized, serpent imagery might be connected to river myths. If you look down at a river from on high, it appears to be a serpent.. Just speculating, but if you 'slay' the river, do you feed its 'blood' to farmlands through irrigation?
@@Badficwriter Yeah, that's an interesting perspective. I think one scholar suggested that the multiple heads originated as multiple rivers converging, but I can't remember who it was or find it in my notes. It's also been suggested that people were inspired by mountain ranges in Lebanon and Bashan that resembled the corpse of a great dragon.
Thank U, Infinite Intelligence 🙏
Thank you.
Love seeing attempts to tie history together as a progressive whole (rather than "believe this and only this, and questions are sacrilege...). I also love that you took time to answer questions (@wannabe...) and give references/sources. Big TY!
Thanks for the nice comment.
Where did you find the Eshnunna tablet image in top right of screen, at 14:28? The one from circa 2400 BCE. I can’t find a source for that image anywhere. I would love to learn more about it, but I’m not sure where to check.
I originally found it in "The Leviathan in the Ancient Near East" by Korpel and De Moor (p. 4, see bibliography in description), and they got it from Westenholz, *Dragons, Monsters, and Fabulous Beasts*, 2004, p. 191. But the drawing I used is from Batto (2013), p. 32, and he got it from ANEP (Ancient Near Eastern Pictures), where it is tablet No. 671. I don't have access to ANEP myself, but that book should have the full details. It was excavated from Tell Asmar (ancient Eshnunna) and belongs to the Early Dynastic Period of Mesopotamia. I believe the artifact itself ended up in the collection of the late Elie Borowski, but I don't know where it is at the moment.
@@InquisitiveBible Thank you so much! Excellent work, my friend.
16:16 I'm hyped
MythVisionPodcast sent me.
If people love this they should listen to Michael Heiser’s Naked Bible and read his blog. I wouldn’t call this information deconstruction
Yeah, anyone who's read Heiser's stuff probably knows a lot of this already.
It's similar to our tribal beliefs. The dragon is a powerful and fierce creature. It can shake the earth and bring mountains crashing down into the sea. The dragon is the ultimate creature under heaven. The only thing that can kill the dragon is the lightning God.
God says in Genesis 3 that a man will crush the serpent since he taught man to lie and to disobey God.
Its the ultimate judgment upon the serpent who hates mankind to be defeated by a man that has no desire to do wrong.
@@ChristinaFromTH-cam The serpent did not hate mankind. It loved mankind and it gave the gift of the knowledge of good and evil to mankind. If it wasn't for the serpent, mankind would never evolve.
Interesting, makes sense, and I am Native American and very familiar with the Bible and may other writings. Book of Enoch is a good book to and explains many things. Wonder why it is excluded from the holy writings???!
Thanks for the comment, Joe. The book of Enoch is a huge topic, and I plan to make a video covering its contents and how it fits into Judaism and Christianity.
Normally, researchers say that there are only two creation stories in the Bible, but I have counted that there would actually be more than ten of them. It's good that we amateurs bring these other stories and point them out when researchers don't.
It was in fact common knowledge in ancient times that the earth was not flat. That came much, much later in human history.
Thanks for the comment. Yeah, the Greeks figured out that earth was a sphere some time between Anaximander and Plato, around the late 5th century BCE. The myths about Leviathan/Lotan and other cosmic sea serpents predate that discovery.
It didn't come from the Bible....it was discovered to be round by ancient "pagan" astronomers and mathematicians like the philosopher Pythagoras.
How easy it would be for the creator of the universe if he were the author of The Bible just to say "Hey guys, the Earth is round you'll find out someday." Instead of telling people they need to burn entire animals on a altar and sprinkle blood on themselves.
@@InquisitiveBible you know you're talking to a murderer, right?
Mr Fox is a War criminal.
I don't hold it personal for brainwashed children straight out of highschool to serve the IDF, but when a grown up defends those kinds of activities Both in the Bible and in the present, you are:
🪳👺💩🦠☣️👹
Former IDF member= 🪳🪳🪳
Existence of minor gods subordinate to Yahweh is fascinating. Also I heard somewhere that God has a wife called Asherah. So then is Jesus the son of Yahweh or not? I'd love to know more about this Hebrew pantheon. Amazing video. Loved every bit of it.
I think I heard somewhere that Asherah's title was "Queen of Heaven," which is today the title Catholics confer upon Mary. Maybe not a coincidence?
Amazing video!!! Just 2 questions that I had while watching this.
1. It seems that Yahweh assimilated all of this imagery from Baal but I often hear that before he was merged with El he was already a storm deity. If this is the case why is all the storm imagery from after they were merged?
2. Why is the Gen 2 creation account so alien to the others? There's no mention of water (besides the lack of rain on the land) and everything there just seems so hot and dry. This feels like a huge departure from these other creation accounts, why is this the case? Also do you think this account would be older than the chaoskampf creation motifs?
Thanks as always for watching and commenting.
1. I think the simplest answer is that Yahweh didn’t lose any of his storm-god attributes just because he took on El’s characteristics as well. Marduk also remained a storm-god after becoming the chief Babylonian deity. And I think the rich storm and fertility imagery associated with Yahweh was too good for later Jewish writers to ignore.
2. Yeah, good question. The Eden story is related to an entirely different set of myths connected with historiography (stories about early humanity) unlike the storm-god combat myth, which is more political and concerned with kingship and fertility/harvest festivals. The Eden stuff is a bit more complicated to unravel and deserves its own deep dive video.
The Bible is a copy of the older Pre-Hebrew Canaanite Lotan where Baal Hadad defeats a great sea monster. Back in the days when Yaweh was a minor Anannaki warrior/storm god, the Hebrews were polytheistic, and only later adopted Yaweh as their one true god after they fell under the control of Babalonian influence. The Torah only goes back to 700BC, so know the original sources from 2600 years earlier.
For the algorithm gods.
excellent info and editing!
now, i dunno why scholars insist on imposing a post exile framework on a pre exile torah when both exodus and leviticus explicitly say that the month of the aviv is the head of the year; it was in exile where the jews adopted the custom of the 7th month as the head of the year.
Calendars are a fascinating topic to me even though they leave me hopelessly confused most of the time. It's crazy that we don't even know the names of all the pre-exilic Hebrew months, as far as I know.
@@InquisitiveBible yes, to me they are very interesting for their symbolism. like what you said about creation, passover is celebrated in aviv, and the killing of the passover lamb works as a foundation for the new world, which theme was later taken by the apostles when they said that Messiah was sacrificed before the foundation of the world.
and about month names, only aviv received the name of that state of barley growth, while the rest of the months only seemed to have ordinal names after the first one.
Leviathan was a real sea dragon creature/species but it was made as a type or should i say in Archetype of Helel Ben’shahar who is its counterpart. God told Job mystery “the father of the children of pride”
The only issue I have w this video is that “Rahab” in these texts refers to Egypt. This has definitely been the case according to famous Jewish sage Rashi. Hence, why the mentions of “Rahab” are always combined w drying up of the waters, the miracle in Exodus. Is it not possible; plausible even; the sages who wrote this literature were familiar w other nearby poetic myths; & simply expressed this into their poetic style of giving praise to Yah-Whey?
I think it’s best to be accurate here.
Yes!
The sea of confusion/chaos/disorder aka Tehom/Tiamat stretches from the autumn equinox to the spring equinox (Libra thru Pisces) aka the six "nights" in Genesis one.
Ra (sun - phallus) rode across this celestial sea of stars in a barque (crescent moon - vagina).
MythVision sent me.
Gods are so authoritarian.
What are stars?
Actually they were not entirely wrong in that account of an ocean beneath the earth nor above it, in a sense. ..
Below the earth, close the the outer mantle crust of the core there is a large chasm like region that has large pockets of open spaces hundreds of miles wide and long. Within these large pockets is a liquid like ocean but it is not salt water, it's more like a concentrated petroleum liquid mixed with oil, phosphate and sulphur. It's been called the firmament before and they say it is what China is drilling the hole in the crust trying to reach. So they say.
Leviathan is most likely Abaddon from the bottomless pit kingdom covenant just did an amazing video on it
The Judaeans living in Elephantine in Egypt identified Anat as Yahweh's partner perhaps in recognition of their alliance against Leviathan. The OT writers also identified Egypt with the dragon Rahab. Is the dividing of the sea by Yahweh in the Moses narrative cognate with Marduk splitting Tiamat in the Babylonian texts.
I think there is something to the idea that the splitting of the "Red Sea" echoes the splitting of the sea dragon. There is also a major question on exactly ‘Yam Suph’, the name of the sea the Israelites cross, really means. Not all scholars accept the usual reading of "Red Sea", but I need to dig into that more before I can say much about it.
Yeah those are the people Isaiah and Jeremiah and Elijah are speaking to when they say to stop saying crazy pagan stuff is true and stop doing all this weird pagan stuff because its an abomination to God.
They're why The Judgment fell on Israel and they were exiled into Babylon.
The Judaeans and Israelites living in Egypt who venerated Anat and other gods/goddesses alongside Yahweh did so in the Persian and Hellenistic periods, after the exile. We have a cache of letters and documents from them that are older than any Bible manuscript.
Yahweh /enlil was a storm god in every civilization and mythology. This is why our ancestors was so confused when they met other nations with the same god description. Which made converting not such a big deal when conquered . Everything is a retold annunaki story because they rule this world. ❤
Yahweh appears to have been copied from Jupiter Olympus. As summer, he is the giver and is opposite winter, the taker aka Jupiter Stygius. Jupiter is the one who gives and takes away. IU Piter (double-sexed god) has no J sound.
Also; the Leviaton, is still a MAJOR part of Jewish mythology. The Leviatjon currently holds up the world from the oceans. Also the end of the world as we know it happens when Leviathon & the Shoar HaBoor, strike each other with death blows & their dead bodies; will be served as the messianic feast. But, if that ever happened, Orthodox Jews would have to wash the fish & serve it before the meat; as fish & meat can be eaten in the same meal; just not on the same plate… don’t wanna choke on fish bones (even if ur eating gefilte fish aka fish w no bones) lol
Thanks, Baruch. That's very interesting.
@@InquisitiveBible ur welcome. I’m actually a graduate of The Rabbinical College of America; & learned so much I realized I could not; in good conscience; be an orthodox Rabbi. If u have anymore vids on the Leviathan or anything from the Torah.. id love to help
I could certainly use the help of a consultant such as yourself when I need to confirm various points of Jewish belief. Feel free to send me your email address or preferred form of contact.
*The Enuma Elish would later be the inspiration for the Hebrew scribes who created the text now known as the biblical Book of Genesis.* Prior to the 19th century CE, the Bible was considered the oldest book in the world and its narratives were thought to be completely original. In the mid-19th century CE, however, European museums, as well as academic and religious institutions, sponsored excavations in Mesopotamia to find physical evidence for historical corroboration of the stories in the Bible. ***These excavations found quite the opposite, however, in that, once cuneiform was translated, it was understood that a number of biblical narratives were Mesopotamian in origin.***
*Famous stories such as the Fall of Man and the Great Flood were originally conceived and written down in Sumer,* translated and modified later in Babylon, and reworked by the Assyrians ***before they were used by the Hebrew scribes for the versions which appear in the Bible.***
***In revising the Mesopotamian creation story for their own ends, the Hebrew scribes tightened the narrative and the focus but retained the concept of the all-powerful deity who brings order from chaos.*** Marduk, in the Enuma Elish, establishes the recognizable order of the world - *just as God does in the Genesis tale* - and human beings are expected to recognize this great gift and honor the deity through service.
*"Enuma Elish - The Babylonian Epic of Creation - Full Text - World History Encyclopedia"*
*"Sumerian Is the World's Oldest Written Language | ProLingo"*
*"Sumerian Civilization: Inventing the Future - World History Encyclopedia"*
*"The Myth of Adapa - World History Encyclopedia"*
Also discussed by Professor Christine Hayes at Yale University in her 1st lecture of the series on the Hebrew Bible from 8:50 to 14:30 minutes, lecture 3 from 28:30 to 41:35 minutes, lecture 4 from 0:00 up to 21:30 minutes and 24:00 up to 35:30 minutes and lecture 7 from 24:20 to 25:10 minutes.
From a Biblical scholar:
"Many stories in the ancient world have their origins in other stories and were borrowed and modified from other or earlier peoples. *For instance, many of the stories now preserved in the Bible are* ***modified*** *versions of stories that existed in the cultures and traditions of Israel’s* ***older*** *contemporaries.* Stories about the creation of the universe, a cataclysmic universal flood, digging wells as land markers, the naming of important cultic sites, gods giving laws to their people, and even stories about gods decreeing the possession of land to their people were all part of the cultural and literary matrix of the ancient Near East. *Biblical scribes freely* ***adopted and modified*** *these stories as a means to express their own identity, origins, and customs."*
*"Stories from the Bible"* by Dr Steven DiMattei, from his website *"Biblical Contradictions"*
------------------------------------------------------------------
In addition, look up the below articles.
*"Yahweh was just an ancient Canaanite god. We have been deceived! - Escaping Christian Fundamentalism"*
*"Debunking the Devil - Michael A. Sherlock (Author)"*
*"The Greatest Trick Religion Ever Pulled: Convincing Us That Satan Exists | Atheomedy"*
*"Zoroastrianism And Persian Mythology: The Foundation Of Belief"*
(Scroll to the last section: Zoroastrianism is the Foundation of Western Belief)
*"10 Ways The Bible Was Influenced By Other Religions - Listverse"*
*"January | 2014 | Atheomedy"* - Where the Hell Did the Idea of Hell Come From?
*"Retired bishop explains the reason why the Church invented "Hell" - Ideapod"*
Watch *"The Origins of Salvation, Judgement and Hell"* by Derreck Bennett at Atheologica
(Sensitive theists should only watch from 7:00 to 17:30 minutes as evangelical Christians are lambasted. He's a former theist and has been studying the scholarship and comparative religions for over 15 years)
*"Top Ten Reasons Noah’s Flood is Mythology - The Sensuous Curmudgeon"*
*"Forget about Noah's Ark; There Was No Worldwide Flood | Bible Interp"*
*"The Search for Noah’s Flood - Biblical Archaeology Society"*
*"Eridu Genesis - World History Encyclopedia"*
*"The Atrahasis Epic: The Great Flood & the Meaning of Suffering - World History Encyclopedia"*
Watch *"How Aron Ra Debunks Noah's Flood"*
(8 part series debunking Noah's flood using multiple branches of science)
*"The Adam and Eve myth - News24"*
*"Before Adam and Eve - Psychology Today"*
*"Gilgamesh vs. Noah - Wordpress"*
*"Old Testament Tales Were Stolen From Other Cultures - Griffin"*
*"Parallelism between “The Hymn to Aten” and Psalm 104 - Project Augustine"*
*"Studying the Bible"* - by Dr Steven DiMattei
(This particular article from a critical Biblical scholar highlights how the authors of the Hebrew Bible used their *fictional* god as a mouthpiece for their own views and ideologies)
*"How do we know that the biblical writers were* ***not*** *writing history?"* -- by Dr Steven DiMattei
*"Contradictions in the Bible | Identified verse by verse and explained using the most up-to-date scholarly information about the Bible, its texts, and the men who wrote them"* -- by Dr. Steven DiMattei
Thanks for the comment. Dr. DiMattei's blog has a lot of good articles and discussions about puzzling passages in the Pentateuch.
The secular year would end and begin at the autumn equinox. The sacred year would end and begin at the spring equinox. We also have the creation myth keyed to the solstices. The six "days" could begin at any point. The "end times" are the last days that precede a change in one calendar year to another. Note in Genesis one where Juno (Air) broods over the waters. Her "eggs" hatch out at the spring equinox as the gods proclaim "let there be light."
We find the sacred seven in the tale of the white horse (Jupiter/Fire/Aries) and the black horse (Juno/Air/Libra). This sacred seven (Aries thru Libra) is found in Freemasonry with Cancer being the keystone. This is the constellation where we find the two asses (stars) that Jesus (the sun) rides on into Jerusalem (summer solstice). Cancer is assigned to Issachar (translates to Bacchus) and is opposite Capricorn where we find Zebulun and his Argo navis.or ship-sun (sion). This is the barque (crescent moon) that Ra (sun) rides across the celestial seas. Think vagina and phallus (ring and dagger).
All of these myths are about the planets/Gods/Elohim that sat very close to earth in ancient times. Every culture gave these planets stories and anthropomorphized them.
Ine planet has many names in all cultures. To know this is a key to what the bible is really talking about
Mythology has a lot of wild make believe.
Battle of Jericho (Lunar Month.)
Joshua, having obtained all necessary information by means of his two spies (the two days to be added to each of the twelve lunar months), and having staked off, by the twelve stones, the Sun's ecliptic into as many equal parts, and taken every other precaution necessary to insure success, was now prepared for his ensuing campaign. His first battle was against Jericho. This is a collective name, having for its root, jerah = the moon. Jericho may, therefore, mean the four quarters of the moon, or the four weeks of the lunar month.
The two spies, as before noted, went to Rahab, who received and lodged them. Rahab, who personifies the fornix, or the great vault of heaven, is thus said to commit fornication, and so gets her surname of harlot.
But Jericho was straitly shut: "none went out, and none came in" (Joshua 6. 1). The Lord (Sun) however, gave it into Joshua's hands. Seven priests (seven summer constellations) were appointed to bear as many trumpets of rams' horns (Aries during each of these seven months) about the devoted city (lunar month). These rams' horns the priests tooted about the city every day (month) for six days (months). On the seventh day (month) they compassed the city seven times, tooting their rams' horns as they went, i.e., they recalled all the summer months to view (feast of tabernacles, or of the ingathering) in that one month, when the city (summer) fell down flat, and the people at the command of Joshua, shouted " Amen (Oh, Ram), glory to the Ram,” as he went down in the west.
All that was in the city was utterly destroyed, save Rahab (or Virgo, which became a day constellation), whom notwithstanding her slip of chastity, Joshua saved alive with all her household, and all that she had, and she dwelleth in Israel (i.e., she is one of the four constellations of summer) unto this day (6.25). Thus, perished Jericho, or the lunar month, and the calendar month of 30 days being firmly established, the year consisted of 360 days.
Milton Woolley,, Hebrew Mythology or Science of the Bible.
The 13 years that Solomon builds his temple (year) = 13 x 28. This became 12 x 30 or one solar year of 360 days. The five intercalary days are the Amorites (spoken in days).
Here the year begins and ends at the winter solstice. The first month (not year) of building the temple begins with April. The temple is "destroyed" in its final month of completion = end of summer and beginning of winter.
Another example of the year divided into seven (summer) and five (winter) is found in Rev. 9.5. This is where the scorpion (Scorpio) is the leader of Sagittarius (Fire), Capricorn (Earth), Aquarius (Air), and Pisces (Water).
I would leave Eretz as the literal translation - land, not “Earth,” which carries other connotations in modern English
I would agree but in some instances earth captures the scope of what the authors were intending (for example the flood).
@@wannabe_scholar82 That is exactly what I’m warning against.
The authors of the Flood story did not have a modern conception of a planet.
They were apparently not aware of lands beyond the 70 nations listed in Genesis and they thought the land was overall flat
@@scienceexplains302 Right but to the authors of the flood story everyone besides Noah and his family was destroyed. Although the Hebrew word just means land the point is trying to get across is that this was universal in nature. Keeping it translated as land in the English could lead to a misconception that in the text it's only talking about a small portion of humanity when in reality all of humanity was in view of being destroyed here.
@@wannabe_scholar82 Are you sure? Because two generations after the Flood, Nimrod was ruling a kingdom of several cities.
“Universal” is another phrase more modern than the Flood story.
You’re arguing that they thought that all the world was flooded when they didn’t know how big the world was.
In the Tower of Babel story, “all” the languages were created (except whatever the people had previously spoken).
“All” effectively meant “all we know of”.
I don’t think the Flood story was written to be believed as a historical (in the modern sense of the word) event, but the context indicates to me that we should let “all the land” stand and not insert our modern knowledge into the words of the text.
@@scienceexplains302 True, but we must remember that in the Torah there's a number of different contradictions because of a difference of traditions and sources (the two creation accounts, flood stories, etc.) so we can't really take the narrative at face value as you seem to be there to make that point. Also showing this is a separate tradition, the table of nations presupposes the nations already being split from each other before the story of Babel, were likely working with a different tradition here.
I'm not arguing that they had a concept of "all the world" as a globe, I'm saying if we went back in time and told them about how there's X amount of nations in the world and how the world is Y shape and then asked them if the flood would've encompassed all of this they would likely say yes. The whole purpose of the story is to show that the humanity that God created is now wiped out and ONLY Noah and his family remains. Such was the nature of every other ANE flood story. This is like saying when an author wrote God is Lord over all the eretz he was just referring to him being Lord over all of Israel, we know the author had no idea that the whole globe existed but we know the scope of what he was trying to get across here.
Actually ancient Greeks didn't believe the earth was flat. Perhaps they did at some point. But is well known from around 500 B.C. onward at least elite and educated greeks believed the earth to be spherical.
In 240 B.C. Eratosthenes calculated the circumference of the globe and that concept or idea quickly spread among educated folk in the old world.
Thanks for the comment. Yeah, the Greeks already knew the earth was round by the time of Plato, but they didn't in the time of Homer and Hesiod, so I was careful to specify pre-Classical Greece.
Yeah...Enter Ivan Panin...the silver bullet bearer for all these werewolf versions of creation from antiquity
See Shamesh/Shemesh/Ha Shem (Sun god) holding ring and dagger/rod (female/Nekebah and Zakar (male) creative organs in his right hand @2.14.
This same rod (phallus) is found in depictions of Aquarius (Moses/Ganymede). His Phallus was so huge that it required helpers to hold it upright. The rod and arm become one phallus aka serpent.
Moses is back with us as the January rains (weeping) of thirty days. Aquarius is aka Moab (water father).
This is the constellation that made "god" so angry that he ordered a flood (rainy season/winter). This "winter" is the five signs/months of Rev. 9.5. aka Scorpio thru Pisces.
Nun the fish (Pisces) gives birth to Joshua (Aries). The "father" of Nun the fish is Canis major (better known as Caleb in the bible). Levi is the band/bond of stars connecting the two fish in Pisces. At one time the northern fish was a bird (probably Isis).
That Leviathan that is Khronis on the greater world is not common knowledge...we, this realm exists within that Leviathan in the real world. How do You know about this?
👍
the babylonian diagram is not of the earth . it is a circular illustration of the city with the mesopotamian rivers around it.
Most people never dreamed of any more than they could see from their own hovels.
The Babylonian tablet is famously known as the Babylonian Map of the World, and the cuneiform labels on it indicate regions other than Babylon. The Euphrates runs through the middle of the map, and the Bitter River is the salty ocean that encircles the world. The triangles around the edge are the mountains that hold up the sky.
The word God being singular replaced the word Elohim which is plural in the English Bible and God comes from the German word Gott who is Odin of Norse mythology that represents white folk and not Semitic people who Nazis committed a holocaust on so what happened to the Lord of the Semetic people, is YHWH and God the same being?
Do any of the ancient texts mention a "storm God"? I ask this because I suspect its a title given in relatively recent times and is inaccurate. "Sky God" is i think, misleading too. When we say "storm god" the god is in danger of becoming associated with storms and nothing else. And he (usually depicted as a male) is more than just a "sky" god. This god is the God of Heaven. The meaning of the word Heaven has probably changed. Now it is a make believe place where angels fly around but it once was what we now call the sky and outer space, i.e it was a reality and could be seen. (There was a higher spiritual dimension too where good souls went and angels fly around which couldnt be seen). Anyway, this God of Heaven is boss of Heaven and everything in it; the clouds, rain, storms, the Sun, moon, planets and stars. And it is Heaven that rules Earth. The life of Earth can not exist without rain from Heaven and warmth/light from the Sun of Heaven. This God of Heaven (not merely a "sky god" or "storm god") is (or was) know as Yahweh/Zeus/Jupiter/Dyaus Piter/Thor (not Odin)/ Tengri etc etc etc. To us in the English speaking world he is known as "God".
“Storm-god” is the accepted designation among anthropologists for a deity with a specific set of characteristics concerned with storms and fertility that differentiates them from other deities. German scholarship uses the term Wettergott (weather god) for the same category.
@@InquisitiveBible Yes I know it's the accepted...but welcome to the prickly, outside the box, free thinking, sometimes ingenious, unaccepted unless proven right, tiny minority 😁
My original question was not addressed. "Storm god"; is the term used in ancient texts. I'll look into it best I can...
I did some more reading of Daniel Schwemer, who seems to be the foremost scholar in the field, and he says that “typological labels such as ‘storm-god’ have no direct counterpart in the various ancient Near Eastern languages.” However, Schwemer continues, a sort of storm-god category did exist, because the cuneiform languages continued to use the Sumerogram IŠKUR to write the name of whoever the local storm-god was (Adad, Hadad, Baal, Taru, Tarhunt, etc.), implying that they were regarded as belonging to the same typological category. In particular, when you include iconography and other attributes assigned to the deity, there was a clearly identifiable category of Near Eastern gods, distinct from other gods, for which modern historians and anthropologists use the label storm-god or Wettergott. In other words, although the label is a modern one, it's used to describe an important distinction that really existed in the typology of ancient gods.
Now, the storm-god was not necessarily the *highest* or supreme god (what the members of Abrahamic religions today simply call "God"). See, for example, Deuteronomy 32:8, which in its oldest attested version (evident in the LXX and Dead Sea Scrolls) clearly has YHWH as one of the sons of El.
@@InquisitiveBible ok, thanks for that. Interesting. I still think that the designation "storm god" is misleading. It paints a picture in many minds of a god of storms and nothing else. "He" is responsible for far more than this. He is probably Heaven itself and so is Lord of everything in it and everything that comes from it; the planet Gods, including Sun and Moon, storms, wind, rain. The great mother Earth is completely dependent on what is sent from Heaven. And so Heaven is the great father, Earth the great mother.
The Sun is (in certain myths) son of Heaven and Earth. Mary is probably the Earth, although Mary linguistically refers to the sea...
When you do ayahuasca it is said you "see" the Great Cosmic Snake. The Apple in the Bible is not sin but refers to the pineal gland which is where Spiritual Wisdom originates which then travels down the Spine...or snake. SIN is an Aribic term in Archery for "missing the mark".
Psalm 74.12-17 when it’s said that God gave the leviathan to the people of the wild beast for food. Those people of the wild beasts are not us humans. You will find no writings referring to humans anywhere as that so what I’m starting to figure out is it’s talked about the hairy men the Sabe / Sasquatch or the Edomites just as Esau was a mighty hunter who was covered in red hair whom Jacob took his blessing and Esau was blessed to be away from the fatness of earth and to live outside where the dew of heaven to fall upon him. There’s many more references about them in the Bible also but this is all for now because this is enough information for many to start digging and figure it out.
While I was working on this video, I looked up what several scholars say about that phrase. The vocabulary is obscure and hard to interpret; John Day think it's just a poetic way of describing the wild beasts. The Septuagint translates it as "to the Ethiopians" of all things, showing that even the post-exilic Jews had difficulty making sense of it. It's possible there is some other legendary background to it.
I've long wondered if there is some connection between Jacob/Esau and Gilgamesh/Enkidu and if these stories could be ways of talking about contrasts between settled and nomadic forms of living.
Interesting. But when you talk about "ancient Israel", do you mean the northern kingdom ("Israel") or both it and the southern kingdom ("Judah")?
Since there's not a shred of archaeological evidence that a "united monarchy" under the house of David ever existed, it's likely that any "sea monster" creation stories modelled on older Mesopotamian texts entered the Tanakh only in the wake of the Babylonian exile of the Judahites (i.e. fairly late in the process of assembling and redacting it).
On the other hand, to the extent that the sea-monster stories have an independent early (e.g. Bronze Age) Canaanite/Ugaritic/west Semitic origin, they could have come from either the north or the south (or both) Iron Age successor kingdoms.
Good question. I mainly mean the Judahite kingdom here, though it's certainly possible that Samaria had the same traditions.
See Isaiah 9.14-15, where Israel (summer) is presented as having the head of a Lion/Leo the noble/royal one. The lying tail is the cursed scorpion (Scorpio constellation. Between the head and tail we have Virgo (the palm frond/branch) and Libra (the reed - a water plant). Libra, the first southern constellation is associated with the great sea (Tiamat/Tehom). We see this in the words Medad (water lover) aka Libra (Air) and Eldad (ram lover) aka Aries (Fire). Aries marks the beginning of the sacred year and Libra marks the beginning of the secular year.
Isaiah 9 presents the constellations as they would appear at the spring equinox.
Judah = Aries thru Cancer (spring of four) and Samaria (winter) as Sagittarius thru Pisces.
This same order is found in Nahor (winter) Sagittarius - Pisces, Abram (spring) Aries - Cancer, and Haran (summer) Leo - Scorpio. Nahor, the snorter, is the horse in Sagittarius. Sagittarius, Aries, and Leo are Jupiter/Fire (Sun) signs.
This does kinda make sense why the jewish ppl fell into baal worship so easily. Because it is so similar (and clearly derived from the original truth but twisted) they would fall out of truth and easily be deceived by it. Its essentially being a substitute that parallels
Our bibles and the book of Enoch imply that God WILL slay Leviathan one day.....the final day of judgement. And then the ELECT will dwell in the East side of the Garden, and leviathan will be food for them.
Pretty sure Psalms is referring to what God did in the future, or will do.
Otherwise, God's warning and testimony of how Leviathan makes MIGHTY MEN scared, when Leviathan comes up from the deep, because they HEAR....breaking sounds. And also, God warned Job...men might try to bore a hole through Leviathan's jaw to put a hook through....or use strong cords and cables to try and bridle Leviathan....but during the battle they would LOSE. That's why God told Job thusly: lay thine hand upon him, remember the battle, do no more!
So yeah....me thinks you got it a wee bit confused my friend. Isaiah 27:1
Your comment touches on the third usage of the chaos-combat motif in the Old Testament that I omitted because my focus was mainly on creation stories: eschatologization, or transposing the creation conflict into the future, based on the *Urzeit wird Enzeit* principle, which was a focus of Gunkel’s book. (“The end of things mirrors the beginning.” See John Day p. 141ff.) This happens particularly in apocalyptic literature, which became a major genre of Jewish scripture under oppressive Seleucid and Roman rule. We see it in Isaiah 27, the book of 1 Enoch, Daniel, and Revelation, where the dragon and the sea feature prominently as foes of God and the Jewish people at the eschaton. Job is *not* an apocalyptic text, and the Leviathan there is simply a legendary fearsome creature rather than an eschatological symbol. But in any case, these variants of the dragon/Leviathan/Lotan myth all have shared origins and were adapted over time to new circumstances.
Isaiah 27. Spring is continued. "In that day," the equinoctial day of spring, the Lord (Jahveh), with his great and strong sword = summer) shall punish leviathan, that crooked serpent " (the winter segment of the year), and dragon of the sea (winter). Then you may sing unto her (spring) which is likened to a pleasant vineyard. The Lord (summer) will keep it, both night and day, for there is now no fury in him. Still, if "briers and thorns" (winter) are set before him, he (the summer Sun) will burn them, for the Lord (Jahveh) makes peace - "conquers peace."
Jacob (spring) shall now "take root," and Israel (summer) shall blossom and bud, and fill the earth with fruit. Summer and winter are opposed, and each, as it were, smites the other (v. 7). The rough or winter wind is stayed in the spring, and the east wind is turned into a west wind, and so is Jacob (spring) purged (v. 9), i.e., summer returns, and winter, being forsaken, is left as a wilderness. The calf (Taurus) shall now nourish (v. 10). No favor will be shown to the past winter, for in that day (the equinoctial of spring) the Lord (Jahveh) shall beat off Egypt (winter), and Israel shall be gathered one by one, i.e., month by month (v. 12). Then, "in that day" the great trumpet (of Gabriel, and the Ram's horns of Jericho) shall be blown, announcing spring, when the outcasts of Egypt (winter) shall worship the Lord (Jahveh) in the holy mount of Jerusalem; i.e., the winter constellations will set and go below the western horizon into the lower hemisphere.
@@harveywabbit9541 so yeah it looks like Leviathan is still alive down there in the deep waters above the hot springs
@@dr.davidbannerf.e.s.6217
Moses, aka Aquarius (January) has returned with his thirty days of weeping (rain). Hello Jupiter Pluvius the rainer.
Watch out for the "Sword of Perseus" guarding the East side of the Garden (spring equinox - autumn equinox).
This is just another "Chicken and egg" problem. Who was first the Chicken or the egg? Who was first? the Scripture or the legends? Did the Scripture inspire the legends or the legends became Scripture? If the legends became Scripture then the Bible is just a collection of myths and stories from antiquity. If the Scripture inspired other people who changed and added and modified, then the Bible still stands true. I personally think the Bible inspired others and they came up with their own versions. Even the story of the Flood is found in various cultures and folkloric tales around the world.
P.S. The waters above the firmament......I heard explanations that this would be the water (frozen obviously) that is in the Oort Cloud and Heliopause area. NASA and astronomers depict this as a giant sphere of Biblical proportions (no pun intended ;-) ) consisting of icy bodies, a place where comets (mostly ice) originate.
As the Sumerians and their writing pre-date the Israelites, no.
---------------------------------------------------------
*The Enuma Elish would later be the inspiration for the Hebrew scribes who created the text now known as the biblical Book of Genesis.* Prior to the 19th century CE, the Bible was considered the oldest book in the world and its narratives were thought to be completely original. In the mid-19th century CE, however, European museums, as well as academic and religious institutions, sponsored excavations in Mesopotamia to find physical evidence for historical corroboration of the stories in the Bible. ***These excavations found quite the opposite, however, in that, once cuneiform was translated, it was understood that a number of biblical narratives were Mesopotamian in origin.***
*Famous stories such as the Fall of Man and the Great Flood were originally conceived and written down in Sumer,* translated and modified later in Babylon, and reworked by the Assyrians ***before they were used by the Hebrew scribes for the versions which appear in the Bible.***
***In revising the Mesopotamian creation story for their own ends, the Hebrew scribes tightened the narrative and the focus but retained the concept of the all-powerful deity who brings order from chaos.*** Marduk, in the Enuma Elish, establishes the recognizable order of the world - *just as God does in the Genesis tale* - and human beings are expected to recognize this great gift and honor the deity through service.
*"Enuma Elish - The Babylonian Epic of Creation - Full Text - World History Encyclopedia"*
*"Sumerian Is the World's Oldest Written Language | ProLingo"*
*"Sumerian Civilization: Inventing the Future - World History Encyclopedia"*
*"The Myth of Adapa - World History Encyclopedia"*
Also discussed by Professor Christine Hayes at Yale University in her 1st lecture of the series on the Hebrew Bible from 8:50 to 14:30 minutes, lecture 3 from 28:30 to 41:35 minutes, lecture 4 from 0:00 up to 21:30 minutes and 24:00 up to 35:30 minutes and lecture 7 from 24:20 to 25:10 minutes.
From a Biblical scholar:
"Many stories in the ancient world have their origins in other stories and were borrowed and modified from other or earlier peoples. *For instance, many of the stories now preserved in the Bible are* ***modified*** *versions of stories that existed in the cultures and traditions of Israel’s* ***older*** *contemporaries.* Stories about the creation of the universe, a cataclysmic universal flood, digging wells as land markers, the naming of important cultic sites, gods giving laws to their people, and even stories about gods decreeing the possession of land to their people were all part of the cultural and literary matrix of the ancient Near East. *Biblical scribes freely* ***adopted and modified*** *these stories as a means to express their own identity, origins, and customs."*
*"Stories from the Bible"* by Dr Steven DiMattei, from his website *"Biblical Contradictions"*
------------------------------------------------------------------
In addition, look up the below articles.
*"Yahweh was just an ancient Canaanite god. We have been deceived! - Escaping Christian Fundamentalism"*
*"Debunking the Devil - Michael A. Sherlock (Author)"*
*"The Greatest Trick Religion Ever Pulled: Convincing Us That Satan Exists | Atheomedy"*
*"Zoroastrianism And Persian Mythology: The Foundation Of Belief"*
(Scroll to the last section: Zoroastrianism is the Foundation of Western Belief)
*"10 Ways The Bible Was Influenced By Other Religions - Listverse"*
*"January | 2014 | Atheomedy"* - Where the Hell Did the Idea of Hell Come From?
*"Retired bishop explains the reason why the Church invented "Hell" - Ideapod"*
Watch *"The Origins of Salvation, Judgement and Hell"* by Derreck Bennett at Atheologica
(Sensitive theists should only watch from 7:00 to 17:30 minutes as evangelical Christians are lambasted. He's a former theist and has been studying the scholarship and comparative religions for over 15 years)
*"Top Ten Reasons Noah’s Flood is Mythology - The Sensuous Curmudgeon"*
*"Forget about Noah's Ark; There Was No Worldwide Flood | Bible Interp"*
*"The Search for Noah’s Flood - Biblical Archaeology Society"*
*"Eridu Genesis - World History Encyclopedia"*
*"The Atrahasis Epic: The Great Flood & the Meaning of Suffering - World History Encyclopedia"*
Watch *"How Aron Ra Debunks Noah's Flood"*
(8 part series debunking Noah's flood using multiple branches of science)
*"The Adam and Eve myth - News24"*
*"Before Adam and Eve - Psychology Today"*
*"Gilgamesh vs. Noah - Wordpress"*
*"Old Testament Tales Were Stolen From Other Cultures - Griffin"*
*"Parallelism between “The Hymn to Aten” and Psalm 104 - Project Augustine"*
*"Studying the Bible"* - by Dr Steven DiMattei
(This particular article from a critical Biblical scholar highlights how the authors of the Hebrew Bible used their *fictional* god as a mouthpiece for their own views and ideologies)
*"How do we know that the biblical writers were* ***not*** *writing history?"* -- by Dr Steven DiMattei
*"Contradictions in the Bible | Identified verse by verse and explained using the most up-to-date scholarly information about the Bible, its texts, and the men who wrote them"* -- by Dr. Steven DiMattei
Thanks for the comment. As I've said before, I don't want to tell people what to believe. I'm just here to explore the fascinating world of biblical studies, history, and archaeology. I'll happily dunk on creationists and bad-faith apologetics, but there's plenty of room in the world of scholarship for both believers and skeptics. There are also many ways to interpret and understand divine inspiration.
I do think you face serious hurdles to argue that the biblical version of these stories (whether it's Noah's flood or some other Bible story) came first, however. For one thing, what kind of biblical document are we talking about? What language was it written in? What culture produced, copied, and distributed it? The Genesis *we* possess is written in Judahite Hebrew, a language that didn't exist until the Iron Age, and the earliest physical copies we possess are from the first or second century before Christ. (And they're not even complete copies.) These Syrian and Mesopotamian myths, on the other hand, are found on stone stelas and clay tablets that physically date back hundreds or even thousands of years earlier and were produced by a vibrant scribal culture in major cultural centers like Uruk, Mari, Ugarit, Nineveh, and so on. The oldest ones are written in Sumerian, the very first written language.
@@InquisitiveBible 👏 You sound very learned. Keep up the good work.
@@InquisitiveBible Wow! Pleasantly surprised to see the interaction with your viewers! Most don't bother to reply or interact. Super impressed.
Now, I agree wholeheartedly that telling people what to believe is indeed wrong. Just presenting the facts and let the reader decide is the right and proper approach. Another plus.
I also agree that what we have now (at this point in time) it would be very difficult to argue about Biblical precedence over the mythical sources found in archeological discoveries. What I want to point out is the fact that things change a lot based on new evidence found time after time. To be more specific is something akin to how we (humanity) changed our views according to the new discoveries. We changed views from Geocentric model to Heliocentric model, we changed views from static Universe to expanding Universe, we changed the model of the atom over time, any many other similar changes even in archeology based on new discoveries and new evidences coming to light. Based on this past experience, one can say with a certain amount of certainty that is very possible that things can change quite dramatically when new archeological sites are open and new evidence found.
One last point. You said that there are many ways to interpret and understand the divine inspiration. Again, agree 100%. I, myself don't agree with quite a few tenets of mainstream Christianity and I believe quite differently and in a few cases completely opposite. Yet, I also know to respect every view that differs from mine.
Thank you again for your reply and dialogue!
@@epicofgilgamesh9964 First of all, thank you for all the time and effort taken to write. I am aware that the Scripture is a very hot and contested topic. I began studying and reading about these dialogues for a few decades now and whereas I can't claim that I read and examined every single idea and written page out there, I can claim that I read quite a lot about this subject.
In the end I came to a different conclusion, I came to the conclusion that the Bible is actually very reliable and I believe that is divinely inspired by a Creator.
There are some mistakes made by copyists, they don't fundamentally change the main message. Other than that, there are misconceptions about the morality of the Bible, it's author, etc.
The biggest problem however is not that. The biggest problem is how the mainstream Christianity interprets and relay the messages that are written in the Bible. The errors with hell, torment, salvation only for a select few, and similar other mistakes, does present and put this book in a very negative light. I am not surprised that the vast majority of intellectuals reject it. I would have too if it was presented the way mainstream Christianity does.
Cheers and thank you once again.
What's with this new name yahweh ??
Well, it's not exactly new, but that's how scholars think YHWH, the primary name of the god of Israel and Judah, was pronounced. Any time an English Bible reads “LORD” in all caps, the underlying Hebrew actually says YHWH. For historical accuracy, I prefer to use the actual name rather than “Lord”.
@@InquisitiveBible Original Hebrew definitely does not use Yahweh . It's a made up name that everyone using today .
Are you arguing that the tetragrammaton YHWH does not appear in the original texts, or something else? I don't quite follow you.
Rahab , Take in The Water . Rahab said , NO. GOD beat Rahab . Place sand as a barrier .
16:10 all these are electric discharge events in the sky. Plasma discharge of planetary proportions.
So, Yahweh had a conquest in his own created planet! What else do we have to prove that Yahweh is not God?! 😁 😀 🤣
Jupiter Olympus became yahveh.
“Depriving them of a deeper encounter with the Bible” textual criticism is literally the least meaningful method of analysis of the Bible.
Vacuum of space is actually impossible.
I read this story on an older creation myth from an older culture. And so did you. It's almost as if those stories are just that. I find no reality in the Bible. I see no God protecting his believers from evil. He's not doing much for Israel right now. Must not exist.
The language of Job describes Leviathan as a real physical creature. It is in the same passages that talk about Behemoth, also clearly described as a real creature... "He eats grass like an ox..."...etc.
Just because a real creature is used as an analogy in other parts of scripture doesn't mean it isn't a real creature.
"Flat earth"
'What did the early church really teach?
Historian Jeffrey Burton Russell (1934-) thoroughly debunked the flat earth myth over 20 years ago in his definitive study Inventing the Flat Earth.
The famous evolutionist Stephen Jay Gould (1941-2002) favourably reviewed this masterpiece:
“There never was a period of ‘flat earth darkness’ among scholars (regardless of how the public at large may have conceptualized our planet both then and now). Greek knowledge of sphericity never faded, and all major medieval scholars accepted the earth’s roundness as an established fact of cosmology.”
Russell showed that flat-earth belief was extremely rare in the Church. The flat earth’s two main proponents were obscure figures named Lactantius (c. 240 - c. 320) and Cosmas Indicopleustes (6th century; the last name means “voyager to India”). However, they were hugely outweighed by tens of thousands of Christian theologians, poets, artists, scientists, and rulers who unambiguously affirmed that the earth was round. Russell documents accounts supporting earth’s sphericity from numerous medieval church scholars such as friar Roger Bacon (1220-1292), inventor of spectacles; leading medieval scientists such as John Buridan (1301-1358) and Nicholas Oresme (1320-1382); the monk John of Sacrobosco (c. 1195-c. 1256) who wrote Treatise on the Sphere, and many more.
One of the best-known proponents of a globe-shaped earth was the early English monk, theologian and historian, the Venerable Bede (673-735), who popularized the common BC/ AD dating system. Less well known was that he was also a leading astronomer of his day.7
In his book On the Reckoning of Time (De temporum ratione), among other things he calculated the creation of the world to be in 3952 BC, showed how to calculate the date of Easter, and explicitly taught that the earth was round. From this, he showed why the length of days and nights changed with the seasons, and how tides were dragged by the moon. Bede was the first with this insight, while Galileo explained the tides wrongly centuries later.
Here is what Bede said about the shape of the earth-round “like a ball” not “like a shield”:
“We call the earth a globe, not as if the shape of a sphere were expressed in the diversity of plains and mountains, but because, if all things are included in the outline, the earth’s circumference will represent the figure of a perfect globe. … For truly it is an orb placed in the centre of the universe; in its width it is like a circle, and not circular like a shield but rather like a ball, and it extends from its centre with perfect roundness on all sides.”
And the leading church theologian and philosopher of the Middle Ages, Thomas Aquinas (1225-1274), wrote in his greatest work Summa Theologica/Theologiae:
“The physicist proves the earth to be round by one means, the astronomer by another: for the latter proves this by means of mathematics, e.g. by the shapes of eclipses, or something of the sort; while the former proves it by means of physics, e.g. by the movement of heavy bodies towards the centre, and so forth.”
Why did people oppose Columbus?
The above demonstrate that Columbus (1451-1506) was never opposed by flat earthers, simply because there were none to oppose him, among either church or political leaders. So what was the real issue?
Columbus was trying to reach India by sea, the ‘long way’ around the earth. But to do that, his ships had to carry enough provisions for the length of the journey. He had learned that the 9th-century Persian astronomer Alfraganus had estimated each degree of latitude spanned “56⅔ miles”. But Columbus thought Alfraganus meant the Roman mile (1,480 m, 4,856 ft), whereas he was using the Arabic mile (1,830 m, 6,004 ft). Thus Columbus thought that the earth’s circumference was only about ¾ of its actual length of about 40,000 km (25,000 miles). Columbus also greatly underestimated the distance between Japan and the Canary Islands as 3,000 Italian miles (3,700 km or 2,300 miles), whereas the distance by sea is more like 19,600 km (12,200 miles).
It was thus the size of the earth, not the shape, that was under dispute. His critics argued that ships of his day (1492) could not carry enough fresh water and food for such a huge journey. And they were right! Columbus was just lucky that an enormous continent was in the way. He knew nothing of previous Viking discoveries centuries earlier. And he still thought he had landed in the East Indies, the then-current name for the Indian subcontinent. The results of his mistake persist today, in the common name for the Native Americans-‘Indians’, a translation of Columbus’ Spanish term ‘indios’.
The rise of the Flat Earth lie
The above are the facts about Columbus. The much-parroted flat-earth myth about him comes not from history but from the tales of Washington Irving (1783-1859), The Life and Voyages of Christopher Columbus (1828). Irving was probably America’s first genuine best-selling writer, but he admitted that he was “apt to indulge in the imagination.” Flat-earth belief was certainly a figment of his imagination.
It was bad enough that this myth entered the public perception thanks to Irving’s wide readership. But it became worse when it acquired the veneer of scholarship, so it could be used as a club with which to bash Christianity. The main propagandists for this cause were the notorious 19th century anti-Christian bigots John William Draper (1811-1882) and Andrew Dickson White (1832-1918). Draper, a fine chemist and photographer-first president of the American Chemical Society-but a lousy historian, wrote History of the Conflict between Religion and Science (1874) as a poorly informed polemic against the Church. White was a disgruntled ex-Episcopalian and the founder of Cornell University as the first explicitly secular university in the United States. He also published the two-volume work History of the Warfare of Science with Theology in Christendom (1896).
Both authors relied heavily on the work of Cosmas, portraying his flat-earth teaching as typical rather than the almost forgotten, extreme minority view that it was. And they are the ones most responsible for the discredited ‘conflict thesis’ between Christianity and science, instead of the real history that the Christian world-view was responsible for science in the first place, while it was still-born in other places like ancient Greece and China.
Colin Archibald Russell (1928-2013), Emeritus Professor of History of Science and Technology at the Open University, writes:
“Draper takes such liberty with history, perpetuating legends as fact that he is rightly avoided today in serious historical study. The same is nearly as true of White, though his prominent apparatus of prolific footnotes may create a misleading impression of meticulous scholarship.”
Both J.B. Russell and Gould argue that Draper and White had an agenda to discredit Christians who opposed the then-new theories of Darwin as ‘flat earthers’. Nothing much has changed!
Summary.
●Almost all the early and medieval church scholars who commented on the earth’s shape explicitly said it was round.
●Medieval European rulers used a golden sphere or orb called the globus cruciger to represent the earth under Christ’s rule.
●Columbus’s opponents never disputed the shape of the earth, but only its size-and they were right!
●The flat earth myth began with a fictional account of Columbus in the 19th century by Washington Irving. Then it was aggressively pushed in influential anti-Christian polemics by Draper and White.'
Thanks for the comment, Henry. It's by no means clear that the description of the Behemoth in Job is intended to represent a non-mythical animal. Those scholars who think it does generally equate it with the hippopotamus, but as Day notes, it is described as being so great that man cannot capture it (especially vv. 19 and 24), which is not true of hippopotamuses. Even if Job is demythologizing it in this one passage, there is general recognition that the Behemoth (described as ox-like in Job) is a mythical beast corresponding to the mighty bull Arsh/Atik, who appears in parallel with Lotan in Ugaritic texts.
John Day summarizes on page 83: “it may be noted that a correct understanding of Behemoth and Leviathan enables us to see the purpose of their description and an important point which the book of Job is making about its central theme: since Job is unable to engage successfully in conflict with the chaos monsters Leviathan and Behemoth which God overcame at the time of creation, how much less can he hope to contend with the God who defeated them! His only right attitude towards God must therefore be one of humble submission in the face of the inscrutable divine will.”
@@InquisitiveBible "The word ‘behemoth’ is the plural for ‘livestock’ (see Gen. 2:20). This plural form is often used for beasts of the field or woods. Leviathan is mentioned once as denoting a normal sea creature (Psa. 104:26) and three times in a symbolic manner (Job 3:8; Isa. 27:1 and Psa. 74:14). While both words can be used in a variety of ways, several contextual factors in Job 40-41 favour interpreting behemoth and leviathan as two real animals that Job could have witnessed:
The first time the Lord speaks in Job 39 He describes real animals (from which we can glean important truths about the nature of the world and the special place of mankind). In the following verses two more living animals are mentioned, which strengthens the argument that the Lord is referring to real creatures.
Behemoth is not described as a horrible and rapacious animal, as in several creation myths. On the contrary, it is described as a grass-eating animal (Job 40:15). It lies peacefully in the shadow of the river plants (vv. 21-22).
God does not describe past cosmic events in relation to behemoth and leviathan, but rather the appearance and habits of animals that were present. Therefore He is referring to animals that Job observed personally. Both animals are extraordinarily powerful and evoke awe."
The clear, physical description of Behemoth (size, bone structure, tail like a cedar, a herbivore, its habitat, etc) fits a very large sauropod, possibly 'Giraffattitan brancia' or similar.
The clear physical description of Job's Leviathan might fit 'Sarcosuchus' a giant 40 foot crocodile, which has an "unusual bulbous cavity at the end of its snout that could conceivably have been used for mixing fire-generating chemicals." (CMI) ...as we see demonstrated on a much smaller scale by the Bombadier beetle.
You have to look at the context of Job. These chapters are a sophisticated, highly philosophical discourse that pulls together the most impressive descriptions of creation that the author can muster from his view and understanding of the cosmos. He describes the sky “hard as a molten mirror” (37:18); the foundations of the earth (38:4) and the base and cornerstones of the earth (38:6); the bars and doors that establish the bounds of the sea (38:8-11); the springs of the sea and the recesses of the Deep where the gates of death can be found (38:16-17); the storehouses where snow and hail are stored for times of trouble and battles (38:22-23); and so on. The Behemoth too is described in mythological terms, for it is the first creation of God (40:19), a beast so great no human can approach it or capture it. Here, we have close parallels to the Arshu ox of Ugaritic literature and the Bull of Heaven in Gilgamesh in describing a magnificent bovine creature that only the gods can tame. In Job, the purpose of this hyperbole to contrast God’s greatness against puny humans.
There is no reason to read the text with such extreme literalism as to propose these are mundane animals Job has in his backyard, except to promote the agenda of young-earth creationists who want to pretend that dinosaurs and dragons were a common sight in Bronze Age Mesopotamia. This is no less silly than when Bodie Hodge from AIG uses Medieval English heraldry with dragons as evidence that dragons really existed and were a common sight in merry old England.
@@InquisitiveBible There is more than one context in Job. It doesn't just have a single context. The important thing to understand is what the author of scripture intended for the reader to understand. When it comes to the description of Leviathan and Behemoth, it is quite clear that the author intended them to be understood as real creatures.
The same goes for the creation account in Genesis. The author clearly meant it to be understood as a real historical account of the creation of the universe, the earth, in six 24 hour days. There is no poetry, or analogy going on there at all. Same goes for the flood account described in Genesis, which literally has mountains of real geological and fossil evidence that it happened -- individual sedimentary layers that span entire continents, and full of fossils, which can only form when the animal is buried quickly and thoroughly before it rots away. Only a violent global flood can account for the evidence.
"dragon" is the word used to describe dinosaurs. The word "dinosaur" is a relatively modern word. There is also evidence that they lived with man only thousands of years ago -- fresh Hadrosaur bones found in Alaska, the original (unmineralized) biological material of the animal. Obviously not millions of years old, but only thousands at most.
"There is no need to read the text with such extreme liberalism"
There is a need to read the text as the author intended it to be read, which is as a plain, straightforward historical account -- something that actually happened as described.
The reason you not able to do that is because you have rejected the possibility that it is true history, and are locked into the view that it can only be myth.
This stumbling block does not please me.
Only highly elevated could decode the knowledge if they know of the inversions before this timeline....which is why I hope in your next works, you correct this fallacy. Why was Moses enraged at the Golden calf and the balem spirit that met there? Due to the imitation before creation, it's been done- yet another reason the sin was so great in the garden.
Yes and no. You got so much closer than most who say they believe the bible, but it seems you still missed the mark on what’s being conveyed.
Silly humans 😂, the primordial sea is the atoms of the cosmos and all of atoms of creation. Basically he separate the elemental atoms of life. Primordial sea (we are breathing and living atoms)
Yahweh vying against Sea Monsters prove he was not "god" the Creator of All creation even Leviathans!!❤ Odin and Zeus also fought dragons and were not the One True God, nor was Yahweh!!
@@josephpchajek2685 because hands down The One True God The Great Spirit Holy Spirit Creator of All Creation ❤️ controls All creatures ❤️. Tiamat fights pagan "false gods" like Evil , vilE Anunnaki Reptilian shapeshifter overlord Colonizer Yahweh. Simply part of a Canaanite Semitic pagan Pantheon of False "gods". Deuteronomy ch 32: 8-9, Dead Sea Scrolls, scroll 4Q44 Speaks of a "father god" Elyon and two "sons" of "god" , one Yahweh, the other, the most Evil, vilE Baal. Deuteronomy 32: 8-9 Dead Sea Scrolls, scroll 4Q44!!💕 Mario SirSirReal Villarreal. May the One True God Bless You!💕
A whole lot of reaching.....................🫱
This is all mainstream scholarship, and references are cited at the bottom of the screen throughout the video, with a detailed bibliography in the description if you want to check my sources.
the old testament and new testament Christians see it as the devil.
Christianity is a religion that came out of Judaism and twisted the Jewish scriptures to fit its theology.
Yeah, it's more or less the original devil.
This offers the best biased against the Bible I've ever heard without evidence
The only thing id say is that there are several civilizations the ore date babylon. Why not evaluate their ideals? If you open scripture, babylon comes after many things in old testament scripture, so it is as john day wrote, it is the Babylonians who made baal as a knock off, and not the reverse. Even the verses you used to justify the yahweh imitating “storm god themes” was a very weak argument based on the oassages you gave. Baal, zeus, etc… have literal physical lightning rods.
You cannot say the same even remotely for Yahweh which is clearly symbolic speech.
And this is how the devil twists scripture…
You take an idea like “son of God” and the devil will transform it into “sun of God” over time… and then ppl willl worship the sun
your views and opinions are wrong.
Nuh uh