I believe 2-iodoethanol is formed upon reaction with iodine water. When water is present in excess of the halogen, halohydrins form rather than the vicinal dihalide. This certainly happens with bromine water, but I couldn't find resources supporting the reaction with iodine water. You can easily determine which reaction occurs by testing the pH of the resulting solution once the color clears. Halohydrin formation produces the corresponding hydrohalic acid where as vicinal dihalide production does not.
@@TheHuntermj It could work but the issue is at lower temperatures the ethanol doesn't dehydrate into ethene but diethyl ether instead. At 300C ethene is effectively the only product, but once you hit 270C Diethyl ether is the major product.
Very interesting. Sounds a lot safer than using concentrated sulfuric acid! I thought pure ethene was odourless. Watched a mini-documentary yesterday about making and using ethene for ripening bananas using Ethy-Gen II, which its MSDS says is ethanol+ethyl acetate+isopropyl alcohol. The documentary said it had something added to give the resulting gas a sweet smell (the ethyl acetate?).
Probably someone else has already said it but the black forming on that catalyst will be free carbon caused by futher reaction and/or/both incomplete combustion reaction [EDIT: mostly just simple decomposition reaction] with a few different reactions taking place. eg. The very small oxygen finding a way in somehow is causing at least two incomplete combustion reactions causing some CO2(g) + CO(g) + C(s) products where the solid carbon is causing almost all the black colour over the catalyst. If you really get technical, there will highly likely be some trace amounts (very tiny amounts) of carbon based compounds such as high number carbon hydrocarbons with complex structures and some with simple structures but again they aren't many at all. Hopefully that gives someone who wanted to know a little more detail/s. EDIT: Most of the carbon is being formed without any oxygen playing a role. Carbon is formed by the thermal decomposition of ethane. I was just trying to emphasize that the setup had some oxygen initially in it and could also get into it in small amounts.
Also to note, another test that you can do for alkenes or alkanes is the bromine water test, when you mix bromine water with the alkene or alkane, if the colour of the bromine water (which is orange) decolourises then the substance is an alkene as the alkene is more reactive as it is unsaturated so will change the colour of the bromine water. However, if there is no change to the colour of the bromine water then the substance is a saturated alkane and is not as reactive so will not react with the bromine water so will form a solution
Hello i buyed radiator coolant based on ethylene glycol hoping to make EC of it , in same way you made PC from Propylene glycol but i found that it's containing some additive and it's Green in colour not Transparent . Help me related it
I wanna make Ethylene Carbonate using Ethylene Glycol and Urea but it is mentioned that Zinc Oxide is used as catalyst but i wanna know can i use calcium oxide or Aluminium oxide or other salt as catalyst ? Plz help
retak Do you have a 230*C chamber that can sustain around 200 bars of pressure ? Also, do you have starters and inhibitors to control the otherwise explosive polymerisation that could occur? Also, do you have plasticisers for making the polyethylene product useful? If you don't, you probably could not just start making polyethylene directly from ethylene on your own.
I've read you can also dehydrate ethanol with sulphuric or phosphoric acid to make ethene, which seems quite a bit easier to do than this for the amateur, even if it's more expensive. And while sulphuric acid oxidises ethanol, phosphoric acids doesn't. Are there any other downsides to this?
It will also produce diethyl ether which has a very low boiling point (almost at room temperature) so I don't think its a very safe way of making ethene
@@EdwardTriesToScience Plus you're dealing with something hot and very corrosive together with potential explosives! From what I've read (but can't now find a link to) about making ethene from ethanol+sulfuric acid, it's not as simple as many chemistry textbooks would imply.
I actually did some testing and you need the sulfuric acid to be over 140 C while dripping in ethanol, it seems easy enough to do but the hot acid could lead to flash boiling the ethanol and the glassware blowing apart, here's a video I found that made ethylene this way th-cam.com/video/UOyRP9E13rI/w-d-xo.html (skip to 6:44) He has mentioned using sulfuric acid is not ideal and you can see that his acid/ethanol mixture has tarred up from sidereactions
Aluminum oxide does seem like the best way but I've cracked quite a few test tubes frome the ethanol boiling over onto the very hot section of glass, some improvements in this setup could be made, if I do get it to be safer and better I could post a video on my setup
It turns black because of traces of carbon produced in this process (complete destruction of ethanol). You should be able to heat it up to clean it in air.
I don't think so. The word 'ethylene' is a bit confusing. Sometimes it means the complete molecule H2C=C2H2, sometimes it means part of a molecule: - C(H2)-C(H2) - (with 2 unconnected bonds and no double-bond). In "ethylene glycol", it means the latter, the 'loose' bonds are connected to -OH groups. (The etymology of 'glycol' suggests it tastes sweet. I've never tried it!)
The ethanol vapors push the air out, and you can heat it and not have it explode, the flash point of ethanol is below the boiling point, which is also why you can distill it. And you dont't heat the ethanol that much, its mostly heating the aluminium oxide catalyst. Be careful though as if you stop heating the water can backflow into the test tube and crack it
i would say the impurieties are decomposing, try torching your alumiunium oxide aluminium oxide shouldn't react with alcohol but the water may caused some reaction but i don't think so
@@pietrotettamanti7239 bro. Are you serious? There are dozens of papers on the catalytic dehydration of alcohols over aluminum oxide and many other metal oxides
Ethanol is soluble in water so any ethanol produced will dissolve in the water. Also, the reaction of ethanol with iodine water is very slow, so if ethanol was produced and not ethene then the color change in the test would not occur as quickly after only a few seconds
What would be a good chemical neutralize for ammonia. Cat peeded in the corners, natures mirical doesn't work, neather did saturating the area with 1/1 CH3COOH+H20.
Yeah the plain TiO2...eheh, Al2O3 is coking (so, s1 and s2 carbon / van der Waals carbon @ alumina) from all the hot ethanol but not a hot enough T to decoke.
'Chemistry shack' is an unfortunate name for DIY at-home chemistry channel. It's as though the idomatic phrase, 'crack shack,' has been substituted for "crack" = "chemistry"
I disagree. I immediately took it as a chemistry take off of the term "ham shack". Ham shack has a long history of representing a place where amateur radio operators would tinker with and operate radio electronics and communicate with other amateurs. Chemistry Shack connotes to me a virtual chemistry version of the same. A place where amateur chemists tinker with and exchange knowledge about chemistry. If you look up Ham shack on Google, you will find thousands of references to the usage I describe, whereas, if you look up crack shack, you will discover a lot of references to a restaurant chain of the same name, and at least one urban dictionary reference suggesting it refers to a "flop house". Now if you look up crack 'house', its a different story, but even "chemistry house" doesn't offer that negative connotation.
I also disagree. The error is in the robbery of the phrase by unsavory folks and everybody's acceptance of those connotations. I don't care what or where some junkie loser is ruining there life.
Extremely helpful. It's different from what is taught in China. We use 98% H2SO4 as catalyst and KMnO4 or bromine water to test the gas.
ya i wanna see a video with h2so
Thanks talented scientist
Amazing, little did you know, my school's teacher decided to put this video's link into out chemistry notes
I believe 2-iodoethanol is formed upon reaction with iodine water. When water is present in excess of the halogen, halohydrins form rather than the vicinal dihalide. This certainly happens with bromine water, but I couldn't find resources supporting the reaction with iodine water. You can easily determine which reaction occurs by testing the pH of the resulting solution once the color clears. Halohydrin formation produces the corresponding hydrohalic acid where as vicinal dihalide production does not.
some cracking occur, leaving carbon coke on the catalyst. In industry, they have recycling tower where they pass air onto it to burn it off.
that's right! most catalysts suffer this during those kind of reactions.
Could you keep the catalyst temperature lower and have a longer reactor to avoid cracking?
Whic one catalyst.
@@mohanp8850 Aluminium Oxide (Alumina)
@@TheHuntermj It could work but the issue is at lower temperatures the ethanol doesn't dehydrate into ethene but diethyl ether instead. At 300C ethene is effectively the only product, but once you hit 270C Diethyl ether is the major product.
Thanks for the great tutorial! I'll be using this to produce ethene to see how fast I can make different fruit ripen.
What a beautiful & sweet little video about an interesting reaction (even included a simple & elegant presence-for test).
Very interesting. Sounds a lot safer than using concentrated sulfuric acid! I thought pure ethene was odourless. Watched a mini-documentary yesterday about making and using ethene for ripening bananas using Ethy-Gen II, which its MSDS says is ethanol+ethyl acetate+isopropyl alcohol. The documentary said it had something added to give the resulting gas a sweet smell (the ethyl acetate?).
Probably someone else has already said it but the black forming on that catalyst will be free carbon caused by futher reaction and/or/both incomplete combustion reaction [EDIT: mostly just simple decomposition reaction] with a few different reactions taking place. eg. The very small oxygen finding a way in somehow is causing at least two incomplete combustion reactions causing some CO2(g) + CO(g) + C(s) products where the solid carbon is causing almost all the black colour over the catalyst. If you really get technical, there will highly likely be some trace amounts (very tiny amounts) of carbon based compounds such as high number carbon hydrocarbons with complex structures and some with simple structures but again they aren't many at all. Hopefully that gives someone who wanted to know a little more detail/s. EDIT: Most of the carbon is being formed without any oxygen playing a role. Carbon is formed by the thermal decomposition of ethane. I was just trying to emphasize that the setup had some oxygen initially in it and could also get into it in small amounts.
Also to note, another test that you can do for alkenes or alkanes is the bromine water test, when you mix bromine water with the alkene or alkane, if the colour of the bromine water (which is orange) decolourises then the substance is an alkene as the alkene is more reactive as it is unsaturated so will change the colour of the bromine water. However, if there is no change to the colour of the bromine water then the substance is a saturated alkane and is not as reactive so will not react with the bromine water so will form a solution
you could also use bromine or potassium permanganate to known ethene
Awesome Video! Thanks, helped me alot in understanding whats going on.
What is the concertation of Anhydrous Ethanol by Volume
Thank you for this instructive video
Hello i buyed radiator coolant based on ethylene glycol hoping to make EC of it , in same way you made PC from Propylene glycol but i found that it's containing some additive and it's Green in colour not Transparent .
Help me related it
I wanna make Ethylene Carbonate using Ethylene Glycol and Urea but it is mentioned that Zinc Oxide is used as catalyst but i wanna know can i use calcium oxide or Aluminium oxide or other salt as catalyst ?
Plz help
To use this with plants do you just let the gas flow in and around the plants?
EXCELLENT video, @ ChemistryShack !! Good simple catalytic dehydration process 👍🏻👍🏻
Is it Carbon poisoning the Alumina catalyst, the change in colour to black?
how long should the heating process take?
How to can i convert it to Ethelene Carbonate ?
How could I then polymerise the ethylene?
retak Do you have a 230*C chamber that can sustain around 200 bars of pressure ?
Also, do you have starters and inhibitors to control the otherwise explosive polymerisation that could occur?
Also, do you have plasticisers for making the polyethylene product useful?
If you don't, you probably could not just start making polyethylene directly from ethylene on your own.
Trust me, plastics are hard to make for a home chemist... the best I can do are nylon and bakelite.
Nice video thanks for sharing
Hey what is the purity of ethylene from this setup?
haha! funny I found you! I was searching for how to make ethylene for the same reason you did :)
@@ChristmasEve777 hey, any progress in gas liquifier project?
Cute description of the smell of ethene !!
perhaps the aluminum oxide turns black because it is getting oxidized?
How to make potassium polyacrylate ?
And sodium polyacrylate ?
I'm pretty sure you can also get ethylene gas (although perhaps not very pure) by pyrolyzing polyethylene plastic.
I've read you can also dehydrate ethanol with sulphuric or phosphoric acid to make ethene, which seems quite a bit easier to do than this for the amateur, even if it's more expensive. And while sulphuric acid oxidises ethanol, phosphoric acids doesn't. Are there any other downsides to this?
It will also produce diethyl ether which has a very low boiling point (almost at room temperature) so I don't think its a very safe way of making ethene
@@EdwardTriesToScience Plus you're dealing with something hot and very corrosive together with potential explosives! From what I've read (but can't now find a link to) about making ethene from ethanol+sulfuric acid, it's not as simple as many chemistry textbooks would imply.
I actually did some testing and you need the sulfuric acid to be over 140 C while dripping in ethanol, it seems easy enough to do but the hot acid could lead to flash boiling the ethanol and the glassware blowing apart, here's a video I found that made ethylene this way
th-cam.com/video/UOyRP9E13rI/w-d-xo.html
(skip to 6:44)
He has mentioned using sulfuric acid is not ideal and you can see that his acid/ethanol mixture has tarred up from sidereactions
Aluminum oxide does seem like the best way but I've cracked quite a few test tubes frome the ethanol boiling over onto the very hot section of glass, some improvements in this setup could be made, if I do get it to be safer and better I could post a video on my setup
i think the aluminium oxide might being reduced into aluminium or it might be carbon too
It turns black because of traces of carbon produced in this process (complete destruction of ethanol).
You should be able to heat it up to clean it in air.
Yes it is true
Did you find out why the catalyst turned black ??
ethylene glycol is same for ripen fruit or not?
I don't think so. The word 'ethylene' is a bit confusing. Sometimes it means the complete molecule H2C=C2H2, sometimes it means part of a molecule: - C(H2)-C(H2) - (with 2 unconnected bonds and no double-bond). In "ethylene glycol", it means the latter, the 'loose' bonds are connected to -OH groups. (The etymology of 'glycol' suggests it tastes sweet. I've never tried it!)
Can you please make the conversion of ethene to ethane?
why not directly apply heat to ethanol again?
Is ethanol not flammable? How are you able to conduct this without it being a hazard?
The ethanol vapors push the air out, and you can heat it and not have it explode, the flash point of ethanol is below the boiling point, which is also why you can distill it. And you dont't heat the ethanol that much, its mostly heating the aluminium oxide catalyst. Be careful though as if you stop heating the water can backflow into the test tube and crack it
i would say the impurieties are decomposing, try torching your alumiunium oxide
aluminium oxide shouldn't react with alcohol but the water may caused some reaction but i don't think so
@
Nope, aluminium oxide shouldn't react with alcohol. There's no need to be so rude.
@@pietrotettamanti7239 bro. Are you serious? There are dozens of papers on the catalytic dehydration of alcohols over aluminum oxide and many other metal oxides
U can do that with hot conc. H2so4 as well 443k
what will you make next?
But the ethanol does not boil and fill the test tube?
Ethanol is soluble in water so any ethanol produced will dissolve in the water.
Also, the reaction of ethanol with iodine water is very slow, so if ethanol was produced and not ethene then the color change in the test would not occur as quickly after only a few seconds
can yoj make hydrogenation of ethene
Should it not be 1,2 - diiodoethane?
Proof?
What would be a good chemical neutralize for ammonia. Cat peeded in the corners, natures mirical doesn't work, neather did saturating the area with 1/1 CH3COOH+H20.
OdinAF baking soda
tried that, no go
OdinAF Fluroantimonic acid or Chlorine Trifluoride
hydrogen chloride gas works, problem is now the carpet is acidic, but if you put the right amount, it will just be harmless ammonium chloride
The blackening of the Al2O3 may be due to charing of the ethanol to give soot or carbon deposit..
Yeah the plain TiO2...eheh, Al2O3 is coking (so, s1 and s2 carbon / van der Waals carbon @ alumina) from all the hot ethanol but not a hot enough T to decoke.
( pleas can u help me to Synthesis (PMMA ) Poly(methyl methacrylate
What happened to your MEKP video?
I'll explain when I upload my next bideo
***** Yeah this whole thing really sucks
thank you for making this video!
Arent you just recreating ethanol by putting the ethene through the water?
Thank you, very useful.
good job teachers
I love your channel. Good video
Thanks!
No problem
😄
dude thanks man you helped me a lot for sure im going to say your name on my channel when i attepmt to do c2h6
i mean c2cl6
You're fantastic! :)
By using logic, I determined that I should be able to make methane by heating a mixture of alumina and sawdust.
I love you man
The blackening is just the charring that's taking place.
I think your catalyst is turning into aluminum hydroxide
👍👍👍
nice
'Chemistry shack' is an unfortunate name for DIY at-home chemistry channel. It's as though the idomatic phrase, 'crack shack,' has been substituted for "crack" = "chemistry"
I disagree. I immediately took it as a chemistry take off of the term "ham shack". Ham shack has a long history of representing a place where amateur radio operators would tinker with and operate radio electronics and communicate with other amateurs. Chemistry Shack connotes to me a virtual chemistry version of the same. A place where amateur chemists tinker with and exchange knowledge about chemistry.
If you look up Ham shack on Google, you will find thousands of references to the usage I describe, whereas, if you look up crack shack, you will discover a lot of references to a restaurant chain of the same name, and at least one urban dictionary reference suggesting it refers to a "flop house".
Now if you look up crack 'house', its a different story, but even "chemistry house" doesn't offer that negative connotation.
I also disagree. The error is in the robbery of the phrase by unsavory folks and everybody's acceptance of those connotations. I don't care what or where some junkie loser is ruining there life.
**=** Wow, cool!