It's also worth to note that Java is filled with jungles and mountains, VERY ill suited for the cavalry centric Mongol forces. Despite the orders of Khublai, it's a wise move for the commanders to retreat.
The primary objective was not the conquest of the island itself but to deploy soldiers from newly acquired territories or vassal states as far away as possible, ensuring they could not return and potentially rebel. This strategy was employed across various regions, from the Middle East at the Battle of Ain Jalut, where the majority of the army comprised Persians, Khwarezmians, and Armenians, to the Far East, where forces targeting Japan mostly consisted of Koreans and Northern Han Chinese. Similarly, in Eastern Europe, the forces attacking Poland and Hungary were largely made up of Russians, Kipchaks, and other Turkic groups. It's important to remember that there were only about 100,000 Mongols eligible for military service, and all these battles occurred roughly concurrently.
@@DraogonStar There's a reason even with current technologies, building over hilly, swampy, rain forest terrain are extremely costly. And the one time the Dutch tried making roads in 1800s on Java most of them died from Yellow Fever and Malaria.
@@jayshen84 You don't know anything about *Pulau Jawa* don't you? The most active volcanoes located on where?? Indonesia has more than 127 active volcanoes. Where the most of part, 34 of them are located in Pulau Jawa and the rest scattered accros the Indonesian Islands. The *MODERN* Pulau Jawa is DIFFERENT than *ANCIENT* Pulau Jawa, you can't compare the past with today like that. The structure of Pulau Jawa is very extereme, where they are many MOUNTAINS, including active volnacoes and inactive, also HILLS. While Kalimantan only jungle, the hills you see now in the Kalimantan is NOT the *NATURAL* hills, they are all HUMAN MADE HILLS, resulted from drilling the NATURAL RESOURCES. PLease, LEARN CORRECTLY!
-Help to dethrone the last ruler of Sighasari. -Betray the invading force, knowing that they will crumble on the tropical jungle. -Establish the founding stone of the largest empire of Southeast Asia history. -Profit.
No but to dethrone the last king of revived Kadiri. Jayakatwang was not from lineage of Singhasari but Kadiri. He dethrone The last king of Singhasari, Kertanegara and revived Kadiri kingdom. Soon afterward Raden Wijaya used Mongol to Dethrone Jayakatwang and tricks Mongol and drove them out of Java and establish his own empire as Maharaja of Majapahit
@@danielles7766they were bigger when it came to directly ruled land.but no way you can say to everyone with a straight face Majapahit who tributaries the Malaka all the way to the molucas and north western Papua. Is smaller than some land not at least stretching from Burma to vietnam
Raden Wijaya totally outsmarted the Mongols to get his kingdom, and guess what? He not only used the weapons left by the invaders to build his empire but the dude even got the green light to trade with China later on. That guy had some serious plot armor.
Javanese was quite cunning. Even in the same family. We can't say "we don't like you" but like "ok" and then after that your house getting burn by something (or someone). As Javanese it was the extreme cases (but smaller cases you will have a lot).
The Mongols accidentally introduced gunpowder to the Javanese. Later, the army and navy of Majapahit Empire used it in various forms of locally made cannons and arms such as cetbang and bedil tombak, lela, and rentaka.
@@christianusariewisnuwijaya9096 so we already have some firepower when European came. Why we can't make it like European industry that sell millions of them?
Japanese : look. Mongols. See if we can *beat* them *face to face* Vietnamese : look. Mongols. See if we can *beat* them in *hidden* Javanese : look. Mongols. See if we can *trick* them
The full title should be "How some unknown Java's regional king managed to used the Mongol's army to destroy his enemy in a civil war and eventually defeat all of them for good"
that is called treachery. and u can find this type of treachery in modern everyday indonesian interactions.. its in their blood, their bones. their genetics...
@@SkinnyEastBronahh its called stratagem, they came to invade, any sane monarch will do anything to protect his land and people, its a WAR you expect we shake hand and sing together?
@@javelin1423 nah.. u can tell just by talking to them that they like to talk in circles. expats who live in indonesia struggle with this "culture" because most expats are used to "straight to the point" way of talking. indonesians love to twist words around. its like a guessing game when u talk to most of indonesians especially javanese. do u know why the region of indonesia was colonized for 300 years?? because the ruler of the kingdoms let them.. they get to keep their power. this is the reality of indonesia.
@@SkinnyEastBro then Philippines, Vietnam, Myanmar, almost the entire world except European powers were either colonized or paid tribute to others.... I don't see your point ( yeah ik china, iran, japan, Afghanistan were maybe exceptions)
My 11th grade Indonesian history book has literally 1 paragraph about the Mongol invasion of Java while the invasion itself was a failure, it shaped the future of Java
@@anart_vaikai had my middle school year in 2008-2011, it was a public school not some expensive international private schools, so this mongol invasion was a part of our national curriculum back then.
fun fact. Indonesia in its time was one of the kingdoms that was able to produce ships with good quality, recognized by various kingdoms on various continents.even when the VOC attacked Indonesian ships, they were surprised because the cannons did not damage the ship at all. And more importantly, Indonesia has the number 1 wood quality in the world
The reason why we call it Indonesian and not Javanese is because we share our heritage with the rest of Indonesia,we are austronesian.cousins of Polynesians out direct brothers and sister are malaysian and Philippines,cousins are australians the papuans and the polynesians in the open sea
@@TheAnonymousKnightOfJusticeIt was still pretty much a Javacentric empire politically and culturally, not all areas of modern Indonesia fell under their control. Central Kalimantan was especially persistent in its resistance against expanding empires like Majapahit, and was excluded from their map at the zenith of the empire's rule. "Indonesia" itself is a relatively recent concept of identity that was formed after WW2, trying to shove things that predates it as "Indonesian" would just set up misleading insinuations here and there; for example, I had a hard time explaining to people in the 2010s on why Malaysia can promote Dayaknese culture and several cuisines (that were Melayu in nature) in their tourism ad without punity, because people were so used to the idea that those things are supposed to be "Indonesian"; for the educated people the answer would be easy, Dayaknese people had existed in Borneo from before the Malay/Brunei/Indo borders were drawn on the modern map, and Melayu culture had existed in the Archipelago also before those very same borders, but to the common people this had become a challenging concept to accept because it's embedded deep not only within their memory, but prescribed sense of national pride.
Kayaknya ga diajarin deh di pendidikan dasar soal Invasi Mongol ke Jawa. Yang diajarkan hanya sejarah berdirinya kerajaan, tahun, serta nama raja yang terkenal & peninggalannya. Ga tau ya kalau anak anak sekarang diajarin atau tidak, tapi jaman gw sekolah sih kaga..
@@alfiandihestiono2165 I don't know which kurikulum that taught this invasion at history lesson At least when i was in school i didn't learn this topic, and i remember buku paket & LKS IPS that i have never mentioned this topic
@@anart_vaika i remmember it got mentioned in 1 or 2 paragraph in highschool around 5 years ago. Telling about the mongol got mad at kertanegara's making the mongol envoy mad or do something to them but went he mongols came he already died and so they fought Jayakatwang from he request of Radenwijaya. And Radenwijaya took advantage of the weakened mongol that already took their guard down. This video is mostly accurate on the fights in Java and Radenwijaya's trickery. The only mistake I see is the Jayakatwang's name mentioned as Jayakatong in the end (even though went hey mentioned javanese source calling him jayakatwang), it might be because of differing source material they used.
I learn them from internet and some random books (that i can't recalled). What our curriculum teach about history quite simplistic and to good to be true type.
@@pacarnyazee tak claim pun. memang cross culture berlaku dekat geografi dekat sini sebelum wujud negara Indonesia (ya Indonesia, saya hormat negara kamu jadi saya tak akan hina dengan tukar nama negara kamu) atau Malaysia (bukan malingsia ya). keris tu milik budaya merentas negara Malaysia Indonesia Brunei Singapura dll.
@@Norman_Lazarevich ni kira saki baki tali barut penjajah dulu. sronok penjajah, xyah buat apa dah skrg ni. goyang kaki je tgk kita suma. dulu penjajah pecahkan org dekat asia tenggara ni, lps tu dorg biarkan je puak2 ni sambung agenda dorg utk terus berpecah-belah smpi skrg.
@@runemidgard938Asal Anda tahu, Keris berasal dari Pulau Jawa yang sekarang bagian dari Indonesia. Dengan adanya lintas budaya di Singapura dan di Malaya tidak membuat kalian langsung bisa langsung ambil kesimpulan seakan-akan Keris merupakan warisan budaya bersama antara Indonesia dengan negara-negara di Asia Tenggara
Greetings from an Indonesian, Broer❤. Although many Indonesians hate what happened between us in the past , but i admit that your country left many good memories too. Come visit Jakarta/Batavia (As the Dutch called it long time ago) if you have time. Maybe your oma and opa once lived here🇮🇩🇳🇱
Indonesia And moluccans? Mollucans are also Indonesian, and the context of this video is medieval Javanese, not Indonesian or Maluku. If you separate Indonesians and Moluccans, it's the same as saying Dutch people and people of Amsterdam are very tall. Lol
Wkwkwk...niat hati ingin membanggakan maluku di sejarah kerajaan jawa, tapi bawa2 nama indoensia dan maluku...wkwkwkwk jawa dan maluku msh masuk akal..😂😂😂😂
Ofc they are, it's the richest region in the South east. Mongol aware the importance of trade, they flourishing from controlling silk Road so they know how profitable if they can get their hand on spice sea route.
@@ShadyAnchovyWelp no, the problem is due to trade rivalry Southeast Asia archipelago land (Indonesia and other regions had strategic) became most of many yea kingdoms due to their good on sails and trade. As we can see back in Hindu-Buddhist before the Yuan invasion of Indonesia they were rich and always paid tribute to maintain all side's factions even the Indian kingdom and Chinese dynasty every their rule but the power of controlling their sea trade route was so bad even the outside foreign decided to invade, especially during the Chola invasion because all sides were ambitious and didn't like each other (even Chola itself hated by rest of Kingdom of Sumatran). Their rivalry even exists in Majapahit due to warlord power being strong instead of the authority of Majapahit kingdom rising after the death of Gajah Mada.
Indonesian schools never tell this because the Indonesian kingdom at that time that was fighting the Mongols was the Hindu Majapahit kingdom, not Islam, because Islam, the Majapahit kingdom was destroyed and Islam colonized and enslaved Indonesian people, Islam even collaborated with Europe to colonize Indonesia.
As an Indonesian, thank you for covering the underrated history of Mongol invasion of Java. Some legacies that the Mongols left here were gun powder weapons. There are many types but I only remember 2 = - cetbang / Majapahit cannon modeled after the Mongol's - rentaka / Majapahit arquebus modeled after Mongol's spear arrow.
now you do. We gotta stop the misinformation that Indonesians are primitive folks fighting with only arrow and sharpened bamboo. Tome Pires in his book (1500-ish) even mentioned that the Javanese produced some of the finest arquebus@@Dikatok1987
Serangan Mongol Yuan ke Jawa adalah serangan yang sangat besar karena membutuhkan kapal2 besar dan kecil,meriam,prajurit dan jendral2 besar..itu butuh waktu,kecerdasan,keberanian,teknologi,analisa,biaya yang besar,dan makan waktu berbulan- bulan dalam pelayaran samudera,tapi pulau2 tropis yg di penuhi rawa2,hutan,bukit,gunung,lembah,hutan2 lebat,sungai2 dan tanah2 berlumpur,tidak cocok untuk kavaleri dan infanteri para agresor dari negri2 Savana daratan Asia besar...dan mereka tidak akan mampu untuk bertahan lama.
@@Edgar_Ramirez471you are an Israeli aren't you 😂,have you ever heard indonesia's motto? Get 1000 friends? Hahaha yeah we made sure the only enemy we have is an abomination,similar to what the Nazis did. And that abomination is the current government of Israel. The previous without Netanyahu was more rational😂
as a mongolian who is currently traveling across south east asia， i can tell you for sure that the weather here is something our race can never adapt to，im literally lying at hotel bed not going out and watching youtube for 3 day now
What's the problem brother? Is it the hot and humid? Or is it the rain? Being born in indonesia's borneo, the weather here in across Indonesia can be varied, in some mountainous part, it's "cool&pleasant", some place is arid, some coastal areas are hot but for me is not that hot. But here in borneo, if it's sunny it feels like it's burning & piercing your skin. If it's cloudy it makes you sweat. While rain is good, sometimes when it's really hot it's a sign for a sudden heavy rainfall
@@danielles7766 for me personally, 24 to 26 is nice, 27 to 29 is okay, 30 to 32 is slightly hot, 33 to 34 is the normal thing in borneo, if its a no big cloud just sun day.. That, my friend, i too rather stayed at home or under some shade, cuz my skin felt like being stabbed by sunlight if i stayed in open place Oh and the humidity here 80% at minimum, normal is higher
@@sholehartofwar3Sholeh Sholeh. Terlalu Sholeh dan muslim kamu,too religious. The government need to be more secular,Too much grip by the annoying religious institution!. Let Indonesia be more free
Wow, never thought I would ever see Kings and Generals talk about the Mongolian invasion of Java. It is a very underrated part of the history of the Mongolian empire.
Indonesian schools never tell this because the Indonesian kingdom at that time that was fighting the Mongols was the Hindu Majapahit kingdom, not Islam, because Islam, the Majapahit kingdom was destroyed and Islam colonized and enslaved Indonesian people, Islam even collaborated with Europe to colonize Indonesia.
@@wintersun2016 I know you are Muslim, it's really embarrassing that you deliberately erase this history but foreigners know this history, you like to say that foreigners are erasing Indonesian history but in fact Muslims are erasing this history from Indonesian schools
@@jonathanpurba2374 We learn about this at school. Might not be in great detail, just one or two paragraph. And we are proud of our history of Hindu and Buddhist Kingdoms. In Indonesia's curriculum, for history most of the time it always the same pattern. Prehistory, hindu-buddhist kingdom, islamic kingdoms, colonialism, independence, new order, reformation, and modern indonesia. The oldest kingdom in Indonesia, according to many school books is Kutai Kingdom, a Hindu kingdom, in Kalimantan/Borneo. An interesting thing about this kingdom is that one of the earliest king's name sounded native, not yet influence by sanskrit.
There is a big stone in northern Java inscribed with a Chinese writing / grafitti of the Yuan dynasty soldiers. The stone is still left in its place due to its sheer size.
More like, "Our great friends the Mongols helped our great king rise to his throne and we gave their king a beautiful princess in exchange! Yay Mongols!" I like how, implied in this story, the Javanese chroniclers probably didn't know Kublai was over 70 and about to die in a few years.
@@arulkws they are no very much transcipted history thru Indonesian ancient kingdoms, for maybe 1 of 2 these reasons that I can think of in my PERSONAL opinion. 1stly, Indonesian history transcipt were found and destroyed by the dutch so we will not know our history. 2ndly, our ancestors were too lazy to write(and we inherited the cultures🤣🤣) any events because either they were didn't really know or really care it will affect our history, or too many kingdoms come & go so the story couldn't keep up. And only the big kingdoms like Srivijawa, Majapahit, Kutai Kingdom, Samudera Pasai, and so on that have scriptures or transcipts about their kingdoms but even tho it only a small part of their history. Also, our historians are really not that much to cover and searching our history because you know. Small apreciation, small funds, etc and etc.
@@ah5904 nahh the 3rdly is every civil war, war for the throne, or invasion of certain kingdom there was also moslty burnt down to earth every building and everyting maybe it include the old script. Most of our proof of history are sclupture, tablet, or stone that long last well a little know that written on paper or wooden scroll script
Ah yes the Chad Raden Wijaya who hoodwinked one of the strongest military in the world to establish an empire that ruled almost all of SE Asia for decades. Makes me a proud Indonesian and Javanese. Raden Wijaya is the real Lann the Trickster from Game of Thrones.
A substantial amount of the Mongols men couldn't retreat back to the ships for various reasons. Many eventually married and settled in the north coast of Java. When Zheng He visited this coastal cities in the early 1400s, he was met with a vibrant and established chinese community, their descendent (mostly Hokkiens from Quanzhou but also other Southern Min groups).
~Exactly, The primary objective was not the conquest of the island itself but to deploy soldiers from newly acquired territories or vassal states as far away as possible, ensuring they could not return and potentially rebel. This strategy was employed across various regions, from the Middle East at the Battle of Ain Jalut, where the majority of the army comprised Persians, Khwarezmians, and Armenians, to the Far East, where forces targeting Japan mostly consisted of Koreans and Northern Han Chinese. Similarly, in Eastern Europe, the forces attacking Poland and Hungary were largely made up of Russians, Kipchaks, and other Turkic groups.There were only about 100,000 Mongols eligible for military service, and all these battles occurred roughly concurrently.
It’s still incredible that the Mongols back then fought as far west as Central Europe, nearly making it to Jerusalem, and getting all the way to Indonesia way south of them 🤯 oh and also conquering most of modern day Russia and all of China
The end of the Islamic kingdom has always been the Mongols. They are feared greatly. If the Genghis khan became an ally of the Muslim world at the time, he would definitely took over every corner of the known world. The big mistake of during Ghengis Khans' reign wad that they grew too rapidly within 1 Grear Ruler but didn't have time to develop a proper root in each region they controlled
I heard this story when I was 8 years old from history book. this epic and I think this is the turning point of Nusantara (aka) Indonesia as a nation. It's 1289 by the way. Thanks for exposing Indonesian history in interesting form. Bravo.
There were 4 nations which have managed to defeat the 1200's Mongols in war; Javanese (Majapahit), Turks (Khalji & Bahri Mamluks), Japanese, Vietnamese (Dai Viet). Mongols of the first half of the 13th century however were unstoppable. Major nations destroyed by the Mongols ; -Jin (Tungusic) -Khwarezmids (Turkic) -Souther Song (Sinitic) -Qara Khitais (Khitanic) -Cumania(Turkic) -Kievan Rus(Germanic and Slavic) -Seljuk Rum (Turkic) -Abbasids (Arabic) -Western Xia(Qiangic) -Volga Bulgaria (Turkic)
the others won it in battle. Javanese won it by pure cunning. Look at the current Indonesian president, he's the real life version of littlefinger - and unlike in the show, he really made it.
Stop saying Mongols! By the time Mongolians invaded those 4 kingdom, it was already broken into 4 kingdom warring with eachother for supremacy. What split the unified Mongols was the death of Mongke Khan after he got defeated and killed in a battle in China.
Thank you, Kings & General for reminding me of the history lessons back in school. This video is very detailed & informative. Greetings from East Java, the place where this "incident" happened
Indonesian schools never tell this because the Indonesian kingdom at that time that was fighting the Mongols was the Hindu Majapahit kingdom, not Islam, because Islam, the Majapahit kingdom was destroyed and Islam colonized and enslaved Indonesian people, Islam even collaborated with Europe to colonize Indonesia.
@@jonathanpurba2374 There isn't javanese inscription about Mongol attack. Javanese inscription since 9th centuries just write about foreigners in Java who work or trade. The world know this mongol attack cause book of yuan
It's not just Indonesians. Mongols also tried to subdue the Burmese, Khmers and Vietnamese, but failed miserably. We ASEAN people, our hearts and souls are made of steel. 🇧🇳 🇰🇭🇮🇩🇱🇦🇲🇾🇲🇲🇵🇭🇸🇬🇹🇭🇻🇳
Phil is a joke lol, their names even come from their ex-master "King Phillip", Imagine that their neighbours already built advanced civilization while they're still isolated and backward lmao. Weak nation doesn't deserve to be included
Wow, I just thought about this particular set of history a few weeks a go while watching historical video on this channel. Then you made it real. Thank you.
In terms of Raden Wijaya beating back the Mongols, I guess it's much easier to defeat someone if you first pretend to be their friend only to betray them when they least expect it.
Technically, that's called (or at least better categorised as) subterfuge. Specifically, it is perfidy, where "one side promises to act in good faith with the intention of breaking that promise once the unsuspecting enemy is exposed" which is not something allowed in modern standards (Geneva Conventions).
You know, having studied Asean history. This part is really like the most legendary and mythical of all instances. A landlocked nomadic nation sweeps across the known world and consumes everything in its way. Not satisfied it proceeds to sail down across the equator to the world's greatest repository of exotic spices, minerals and plant life. Along the way, its defeated by the maritime prowess of the aforesaid Majapahit maritime empire. I've known Mongolian and Indonesian classmates but no one actually even remembers this part history. Its like when they found out about it, everyone went slightly confused.
That's because it's a taboo... Raja Kertanegara died during pancamakara puja ritual (bhairawa tantra-kalacakra) attacked by Jayakatwang... And we all know about this... Btw, Raja Kertanegara is not a Buddhist in Indonesian history book...
Hard disagree from me tho, I LOOOVE Indonesian history and culture, just something about the language, the traditional music, the architecture speaks to mah souuul@@deku-3333
If you're looking for the history of Kediri or Daha this video isn't what you're looking for, because this video mainly deals with the Mongols invasion of Java which can be considered as the history of late Singhasari to early Majapahit instead. If you're looking for a good book which covers the History of Indonesia from pre-history up to the modern day, then I suggest you check the book "Sejarah Nasional Indonesia" which comes in 6 Volume, Volume 1-6.
If you study Hofstede's theory, Indonesia has an indirect culture, which is accustomed to keeping its true intentions hidden, not showing them directly.
In fact, the fall of Napoleon's French empire began with the failure to defend Java island due to Daendels' defeat against Raffles from England during part of the Napoleonic Wars in Javanese theater in 1811 @@strix501
Indonesian schools never tell this because the Indonesian kingdom at that time that was fighting the Mongols was the Hindu Majapahit kingdom, not Islam, because Islam, the Majapahit kingdom was destroyed and Islam colonized and enslaved Indonesian people, Islam even collaborated with Europe to colonize Indonesia.
@@jonathanpurba2374 .. what a joke ! Hv you ever studied & learned Indonesian history ? About this Javanese Hindu King that defeated the Mongols was even taught in Junior High.. were you sleeping ?? 😂
@@dradia1983looks like, someone never paid attention to History class. My National Exam and school exam in 2014 literally asking whose ruler that betray a mongol empire and the first majapahit ruler.😂😂
Raden Wijaya : “hey, help me defeat kediri then you can have my land” Mongol Empire : “Ok” Later… Mongol Empire : “Where’s the land?” Raden Wijaya : “ There’s no land but dead men” ⚔️
what books, serat, babad, inscriptions, historian figures noted (exp marcopolo, batuta, ect), artefacts, or any other documents, your comment were based on? its interesting...
Give us a break of your nonsense. The Mongols' vulnerability is heat. You try telling someone who lives in a chilly climate to go out in the scorching sun. Even the locals in the hot and humid nation, not to mention the mongols, cannot handle the blazing sun. The Mongols will be vanquished when they lose their ability to think.
I glad u post history about my country like singasari empire❤. i hope you make other videos about Indonesia because Indonesia has a lot of history in the past😇
@@Jeje76-p3zsebetulnya sejarah harus di ungkap agar generasi tdk kehilangan peradaban, contoh nya hampir semua org indo teruntuk non jawa itu tdk percaya bhwa kerajaan majapahit itu besar bhkan umumnya invasi mongol ke jawa di anggap dongeng dan jd bahan tertawaan bagi org indo khususnya non jawa,padahal sejarah ini sudah tertulis oleh dunia atas daftar wilayah2 yg di invasi mongol
Thank you for reporting on topics that aren’t always discussed. It’s refreshing to hear about history, not from the Roman’s and WW2 (can you tell I’m from the west?). I still enjoy that content but it’s great to see lesser known history being discussed.
I hope you continue the series with a video on the Burmese defense against the Mongols! This series has been super good so far and I look forward to more.
Akhirnya sejarah ini diangkat oleh King & General I've been watching your channel for a long time Thanks you, for your research and include our historical notes in your TH-cam account so that the world knows, thanks 🙏
It just blows my mind that Mongols a thousand years ago managed to invade almost all of Eurasia, from Poland to Indonesia and Japan. I won't even be surprised if they made it to Alaska at some point) I'm sure that some people from that time travelled to America, but not sure if any part of it was "conquered" or something
I mean, all Native Americans are descendants of people who crossed the Bering Strait during the last ice age, when sea levels were lower and there was a land bridge. But yeah, if anyone managed to cross AFTER the sea level rose, I am not sure. However the Inuit and the peoples of Far East Siberia seem closely related.
Imagine that you are an Amateur time traveler and you get forcibly drafted into a medieval army. Then one day you learn that you must fight on the front line. And your enemies are called "The Mongols". Everyone else looks at you with confusion as you faint on hearing that name.
Sangat menarik melihat variabel sejarah yang saling berhubungan dua ekspedisi angkatan laut Dinasti Yuan ke (Jepang, Jawa) akhirnya menimbulkan ketidakpuasan orang selatan (Cina Han kelas bawah, Songin selatan), dan kemudian berkembang menjadi banyak pemberontakan serta berdirinya Dinasti Ming
Thank you for discussing it, actually the kingdoms in Southeast Asia also have a lot of history of battles, Especially when fighting colonialists from Europe, such as the Malacca and Portuguese wars, the Portuguese Aceh war,The Dutch war in Aceh, the Portuguese and Spanish war in Maluku, and many more, really need to be considered for discussion
Of all the Mongol campaigns in Southeast Asia, Java was the most far flung and ranked with the Japanese invasion as the most disastrous. The process began as it had in Burma and Vietnam with the Mongol envoy demanding tribute from Java's ruler, king Kertanagara. The king responded by branding the ambassador's face. The invasion began in 1292 with a fleet sailing out from Daytoun (Quanzhou). The journey took several months and the fleet did not land in Java until 1293. The landing spot was near present day Rembang on Java's north-east coast. The Mongol commander ordered half of his troops to proceed overland in a show of force whilst the rest of his troops would continue eastward by sea. The rendezvous point was at Surabaya. The Mongol expedition out in 1292 to avenge the grave insult to the Mongol ambassador. Depending on the sources, the Mongol emissaries' faces were branded with a hot iron or tattooed and possibly had their ears cut-off- punishments usually meted to common criminals. The Mongols took three years to assemble the invasion fleet which is said to have included 20,000 to 30,000, possibly predominantly Chinese forces in 1000 ships. There was also a years worth of grain and large amounts of silver. (Paul Michel Munoz in Early Kingdoms of the Indonesian Archipelago and Malay Peninsula quoting unreferenced Yuan sources claims a figure of 100 000, including cavalry.) The command structure was interesting with a Mongol, Shi-pi, a veteran of the war against the Song Chinese in overall command. The ground forces were commanded by a Chinese, Kao Xing - presumably not an easily defeated enemy Chinese general from the recent Mongol campaign against the Song. The naval forces were under a Uighur, named Ikh-Musu, he was probably there for his command experience and not for his maritime skill, although China's most famous mariner, Zheng He also hailed from the interior of China. A large naval force comparable to that used against Japan 11 years earlier carried out the invasion. The fleet set sail from Quanzhou (the place that Marco Polo calls Daytoun) and took several months to reach Java because they chose an open-sea route, calling at small islands, rather than one that followed the coast through Malacca and Sumatra. We are told that 'the wind was strong and the sea very rough, so that the ships rolled heavily and the soldiers could not eat for many days.' The fleet departed from southern China and tracked down along what is now modern Vietnam. There is some dispute in the sources as to whether the fleet tried to land in Champa and were rejected (Munoz and Delgado) or whether the fleet headed directly for Java (Man). Man goes further and suggests that Kertanegara had already placed forces in Champa to deal with any fleet and so the decision to avoid that location actually worked in the Mongol's favour. the voyage had been hard and that the army was in a weakened state.
Thanks to King and Generals for raising Indonesian history, especially Java History. But there are minor failures, such as Jayakatong, which should be Jayakatwang, and Pachekan, which should be Pasuruan. I suggest you find the history of the Java War between the Javanese(which was led by Diponegoro) and the Dutch. This war impacted the Dutch finances and caused Belgian independence from the Dutch. Thanks!
Gelar kebangsawanan "raden" memang berawal dari masa raden wijaya. Cuma belum terlalu populer. Era setelahnya baru gelar ini menjadi populer menggantikan gelar sebelumnya, "dyah"..
Thank you for making a video about our people history. Majapahit was the biggest kingdom we ever had but written sources about it are very limited. Such a shame It seems most of my people were illiterate even in those times, continuing to this day.
@@absyahwa7698 can't blame it all on Demak sultanate tho. just look at the library of Alexandria, it was destroyed...all those knowledges are lost but we still have so many written accounts about Egypt (old and new kingdom) to this day. the same also goes for Baghdad when Mongols sacked and basically obliterated the whole region but we still have written accounts about their history. Majapahit was our biggest kingdom alongside the Srivijaya Empire but we know so so so little information about them! sometimes I feel a little bit disappointed because I know more about the history of other nations than my own nation.
Indonesian schools never tell this because the Indonesian kingdom at that time that was fighting the Mongols was the Hindu Majapahit kingdom, not Islam, because Islam, the Majapahit kingdom was destroyed and Islam colonized and enslaved Indonesian people, Islam even collaborated with Europe to colonize Indonesia.
@@jonathanpurba2374 you skip or sleep when Elementary school? I read this history when Elementary Class 5 and class 7(1 SMP). I still remember my history teacher pak suprapto and mbah wasiran. Im Elementary class 5 2006 and 1 junior high School at 2009. This history Nusantara on your textbook and silabus if you read LKS.
@@jonathanpurba2374 lmao here you are as well, mate get your facts straight, quick google search showed the spread of Islam in Indonesia was peaceful, majapahit had a series of failures especially within its own kingdom due to infighting and Islam did not cooperate with the Europe; wtf will they do that when Europeans were obsessed with “civilising” the “backward” Indonesian? Gtfo with your lies
I am indonesian and javanese, so i know this history very well....and I can say that kingsandgeneral really accurate on this!!! FYI, both chinese record and java & bali record also true.... Kertanegara indeed punish mongol envoy by cut his nose and ear (it is traditional humiliation punishment in singasari kingdom)....but after that incident, not long after, one of the vassal king (jayakatwang) rebel against kertanegara and kill him....raden wijaya and all of kertanegara daughter was able to escape to one of the remote village named MAJA... they start to planning a revenge against jayakatwang, and when the preparation almost finish, the kubhilai army was arrived (to punish kertanegara)....with raden wijaya's cunning, he can convince mongol army to join him to kill jayakatwang....and when they celebrated the victory, raden wijaya also kill all of mongol army when they drunk.... raden wijaya was really cunning man and use it very well to forge his new empire, MAJAPAHIT....he play both mongol side and javanese side.... I can't wait for your next video....and if you need to help some history in indonesia, you can ask me anytime....I'm more than happy to help you guys!!!
Personally I feel like the conquest of the Indonesian islands and the Pacific Islands as a whole would be a giant pain in the back even for it's resources. But can you imagine if the Mongols did bring Indonesia to its knees and discovered Australia.
Indonesia adalah bangsa petarung & pejuang, kemerdekaan bangsa ini tidak didapat dari hadiah seperti negara jajahan inggris, negara indonesia terlahir dari para pejuang yang tidak takut mati, jadi wajar nenek moyangnya saja mampu menumpas mongol salah satu bangsa terkuat pada zamannya
This is a very complex explanations of the matters with preludes and backgrounds leading to the actual battle. Growing up as Indonesian, this lesson was repeatedly taught in textbooks when I was in primary, middle, and high school. And so far, it has always been an oversimplification, without any in depth explanation on the reasons leading to the Mongols invading Java other than just over a rejection and (probable) killing of the envoy asking for tributes. Not even explanation on how the Mongols were even asking tributes so far away to Javanese kingdoms. It's also more of an oversimplification to have been taught that Raden Wijaya only managed to push back the Mongols because the Mongols were too drunk in their victories and let their guard down. Just a note, I was taught the name was Jayakatwang and not Jayakatong, but idk, perhaps it is his other name or pronunciation.
Indonesian schools never tell this because the Indonesian kingdom at that time that was fighting the Mongols was the Hindu Majapahit kingdom, not Islam, because Islam, the Majapahit kingdom was destroyed and Islam colonized and enslaved Indonesian people, Islam even collaborated with Europe to colonize Indonesia.
@@jonathanpurba2374 Islam colonized and enslaved Indonesian people? Are you sure? Do you mean Christianity, that brought to Indonesia by Colonial Western Countries with their 3G : Glory, Gold, & Gospel..? Islam was spread by merchants and scholar from Gujarat (India), Arab, and China muslims. Just check your source of History friend..
good for K&G for cover some underrated story about mongol invasion against java. in our storybook, its only a few paragraph that explain about this episode. thank you and as always stunning and mindblowing storytelling. you are the best🎉🎉🎉🎉
I was born and live in Malang, East Java, a city near Singhasari old Kingdom. And as a Javanese, I'm very proud that you make this video. I'm very honoured as my ancestors has a great history, that can withstand a great threat from a great Mongolian nation, who literally ruled the world that time. This mean a lot to me, in a time like this, that I need a spirit to fight back my lost life. I'm a descendant of a great nation, and I shall prevail..! 💪🏻💪🏻💪🏻
Hi, I'm an Indonesian living in East Java, specifically in Kediri Regency, next to Malang Regency, where the Singhasari/Tumapel Kingdom is located. For us, residents of East Java, we really understand and know the history of our kingdom very well. Regarding the narrative in this video, I will provide corrections that do not match our history. 6:50 Kertanegara did not kill Meng Qi, but only cut off her ear and damaged her face using a Keris. This was done so that Meng-Qi would stay alive and return to China to convey a message and form of insult to Kublai Khan from King Kertanegara, that Singosari was not subject to and not afraid of the Mongol Empire. 8:46 Arya Wiraraja and Kublai Khan did not know each other. At the time the Mongol army arrived in Java to punish Kertanegara, Arya Wiraraja was the Regent of Sumenep (an area on the island of Madura which was still under the rule of the Singhasari Kingdom). Before becoming Regent of Sumenep, Arya Wiraraja was one of the ministers in the Singhasari Kingdom when Kertanegara was in power. It should be noted that when the Mongol Army arrived, the Singhasari Kingdom had collapsed due to attacks by the Kadiri Kingdom. This is an old grudge between two kingdoms, Singhasari and Kadiri, their descendants attacked and conquered each other. Kadiri's success over Singhasari could not be separated from the information and strategies provided by Arya Wiraraja to the King of Kediri (Jayakatwang). This was done by Arya Wiraraja, because his feelings for King Kertanegara exiled him from the palace to Sumenep as regent. The reason Arya Wiraraja was exiled by King Kertanegara was because Arya Wiraraja, as one of his ministers, did not agree with the Pamalayu Expedition launched by King Kertanegara to Sumatra. Arya Wiraraja was worried that sending most of Singhasari's troops to Sumatra would make the defense of the kingdom weak, which would be very fatal if there was an attack from the Mongol Empire, which he feared would attack Singhasari, after his envoy was insulted by Kertanegara. Kertanegara did not like this proposal and finally appointed Arya Wiraraja as Regent of Sumenep, far from the Singhasari Royal Palace. 8.53 What the Tumapel family means is Raden Wijaya and his wife and followers who managed to escape from pursuing Kadiri Kingdom troops when they invaded Singhasari. Arya Wiraraja was willing to help Raden Wijaya defeat the Kediri Kingdom, because Wijaya promised Arya Wiraraja to divide the current Kadiri territory in East Java into two parts. the eastern side (Probolinggo, Lumajang, Situbondo, Bondowoso, Jember and Banyuwangi) for Arya Wiraraja and the western side of East Java to Central Java and Jogja became for Wijaya. Arya Wiraraja agreed and began planning a strategy by using the Mongol army anchored in Gresik to attack the Kadiri Kingdom. Arya Wiraraja's envoy conveyed to the Mongol troops that Singhasari had collapsed, the current ruler in Java was the Kadiri Kingdom, Arya Wiraraja and Wijaya troops were ready to help the Mongol troops to attack Kadiri, with the agreement that if they won, all the daughters and wealth of the Kadiri Kingdom would be offered to Kublai Khan, and Java will submit to the Mongol Empire
Other sources mentioned that the mongols were celebrating and while in drunken state attacked by the Javanese. Causing retreat and never set foot again.
The Mongols left some horses behind in Java the descendants of which still exist. So for the horses the invasion was a success.
And also the gun powder technology. Majapahit made Cetbang canon and rentaka arquebus modeled after the Mongol's ammunition.
and the left a number of troops
And steal their height😁
@@Edgar_Ramirez471 bro really use Monaco flag lmao😂😂😂
@@agentnightmare8629bcs he's stupid😂
"Islands... My old enemy...". - Mongol Empire.
That and dynastic succession.
@@tylerpetersen6226and overextension
Islands, humidity, and alcoholism. These are the only true limiters to Mongolian conquests.
"I'm not fear of anything, but those islands. That terrified me" - Mongol Empire
@@matthewryan7775You forgot Obesity. And women, lots of women.
It's also worth to note that Java is filled with jungles and mountains, VERY ill suited for the cavalry centric Mongol forces. Despite the orders of Khublai, it's a wise move for the commanders to retreat.
Meanwhile in other part of the world in that era, two-lane Pavel Road, With large Garden and high building already exist.
The primary objective was not the conquest of the island itself but to deploy soldiers from newly acquired territories or vassal states as far away as possible, ensuring they could not return and potentially rebel. This strategy was employed across various regions, from the Middle East at the Battle of Ain Jalut, where the majority of the army comprised Persians, Khwarezmians, and Armenians, to the Far East, where forces targeting Japan mostly consisted of Koreans and Northern Han Chinese. Similarly, in Eastern Europe, the forces attacking Poland and Hungary were largely made up of Russians, Kipchaks, and other Turkic groups. It's important to remember that there were only about 100,000 Mongols eligible for military service, and all these battles occurred roughly concurrently.
@@DraogonStar There's a reason even with current technologies, building over hilly, swampy, rain forest terrain are extremely costly. And the one time the Dutch tried making roads in 1800s on Java most of them died from Yellow Fever and Malaria.
@@jayshen84 You don't know anything about *Pulau Jawa* don't you? The most active volcanoes located on where?? Indonesia has more than 127 active volcanoes. Where the most of part, 34 of them are located in Pulau Jawa and the rest scattered accros the Indonesian Islands. The *MODERN* Pulau Jawa is DIFFERENT than *ANCIENT* Pulau Jawa, you can't compare the past with today like that. The structure of Pulau Jawa is very extereme, where they are many MOUNTAINS, including active volnacoes and inactive, also HILLS. While Kalimantan only jungle, the hills you see now in the Kalimantan is NOT the *NATURAL* hills, they are all HUMAN MADE HILLS, resulted from drilling the NATURAL RESOURCES. PLease, LEARN CORRECTLY!
@@jayshen84 small, dark, flat nose, big lips, javanese king is not descendant of Alexander
-Help to dethrone the last ruler of Sighasari.
-Betray the invading force, knowing that they will crumble on the tropical jungle.
-Establish the founding stone of the largest empire of Southeast Asia history.
-Profit.
No but to dethrone the last king of revived Kadiri. Jayakatwang was not from lineage of Singhasari but Kadiri. He dethrone The last king of Singhasari, Kertanegara and revived Kadiri kingdom. Soon afterward Raden Wijaya used Mongol to Dethrone Jayakatwang and tricks Mongol and drove them out of Java and establish his own empire as Maharaja of Majapahit
isn't its called Kediri instead of Kadiri? or the pronounciation is different according to sources?@@achmadfachri7395
The Burmese and Thai people would argue that Taungoo Empire was bigger
@@danielles7766
you could say majapahit and taungu were very influential in their own areas
@@danielles7766they were bigger when it came to directly ruled land.but no way you can say to everyone with a straight face Majapahit who tributaries the Malaka all the way to the molucas and north western Papua. Is smaller than some land not at least stretching from Burma to vietnam
Raden Wijaya totally outsmarted the Mongols to get his kingdom, and guess what? He not only used the weapons left by the invaders to build his empire but the dude even got the green light to trade with China later on. That guy had some serious plot armor.
Javanese was quite cunning. Even in the same family. We can't say "we don't like you" but like "ok" and then after that your house getting burn by something (or someone). As Javanese it was the extreme cases (but smaller cases you will have a lot).
The Mongols accidentally introduced gunpowder to the Javanese. Later, the army and navy of Majapahit Empire used it in various forms of locally made cannons and arms such as cetbang and bedil tombak, lela, and rentaka.
@@christianusariewisnuwijaya9096 I saw a photo of a double barreled cetbang cannon, and I was surprised how beautiful it was. A lethal work of art.
@@christianusariewisnuwijaya9096 so we already have some firepower when European came. Why we can't make it like European industry that sell millions of them?
Really smart they were
Japanese : look. Mongols. See if we can *beat* them *face to face*
Vietnamese : look. Mongols. See if we can *beat* them in *hidden*
Javanese : look. Mongols. See if we can *trick* them
If only we can trick those damn Dutch
❤
@@strix501the Dutch are smarter😂, stronger, taller
@@strix501 we succeed, but tok 350 years.😂 Yeah you right! We are patient people. Die hard to surrender
@@strix501 Nah they are the one who trick us
The full title should be "How some unknown Java's regional king managed to used the Mongol's army to destroy his enemy in a civil war and eventually defeat all of them for good"
that is called treachery. and u can find this type of treachery in modern everyday indonesian interactions.. its in their blood, their bones. their genetics...
@@SkinnyEastBronahh its called stratagem, they came to invade, any sane monarch will do anything to protect his land and people, its a WAR you expect we shake hand and sing together?
some indo hurt you, bro?@@SkinnyEastBro
@@javelin1423 nah.. u can tell just by talking to them that they like to talk in circles. expats who live in indonesia struggle with this "culture" because most expats are used to "straight to the point" way of talking. indonesians love to twist words around. its like a guessing game when u talk to most of indonesians especially javanese.
do u know why the region of indonesia was colonized for 300 years??
because the ruler of the kingdoms let them.. they get to keep their power.
this is the reality of indonesia.
@@SkinnyEastBro then Philippines, Vietnam, Myanmar, almost the entire world except European powers were either colonized or paid tribute to others.... I don't see your point ( yeah ik china, iran, japan, Afghanistan were maybe exceptions)
My 11th grade Indonesian history book has literally 1 paragraph about the Mongol invasion of Java while the invasion itself was a failure, it shaped the future of Java
Tahun berapa lu sekolah?
Zaman gw sekolah, ga diajarin sas sekali.. Di mention pun juga enggak, gw tau sejarah ini justru setelah lulus sekolah 😂
@@anart_vaika jaman jaman K13 kebanyakan dari Indonesian accounts yg nge jaya jayain Raden Wijaya
@@anart_vaikai had my middle school year in 2008-2011, it was a public school not some expensive international private schools, so this mongol invasion was a part of our national curriculum back then.
Betul dibuku sejarah sekolah era 90an ke bawah memang ada pembahasan mengenai ini
Kurikulum 94 ama KBK masih ada konten ini di SD kelas 3.
Thank you for explaination history about War between Mongol vs Java 👍
Kublai Khan being depressed, isolated, and alcoholic is a big mood.
He is just like me fr fr.
That's war
🇵🇭🇹🇭🇻🇳🇲🇾>>>>>>>>🇲🇨🦍🦧
🇵🇭🇹🇭🇻🇳🇲🇾>>>>>>>>🇮🇩🤢
He failed in many invasions, i'd be depressed too tbh
fun fact. Indonesia in its time was one of the kingdoms that was able to produce ships with good quality, recognized by various kingdoms on various continents.even when the VOC attacked Indonesian ships, they were surprised because the cannons did not damage the ship at all. And more importantly, Indonesia has the number 1 wood quality in the world
The reason why we call it Indonesian and not Javanese is because we share our heritage with the rest of Indonesia,we are austronesian.cousins of Polynesians out direct brothers and sister are malaysian and Philippines,cousins are australians the papuans and the polynesians in the open sea
@@TheAnonymousKnightOfJusticeIt was still pretty much a Javacentric empire politically and culturally, not all areas of modern Indonesia fell under their control. Central Kalimantan was especially persistent in its resistance against expanding empires like Majapahit, and was excluded from their map at the zenith of the empire's rule. "Indonesia" itself is a relatively recent concept of identity that was formed after WW2, trying to shove things that predates it as "Indonesian" would just set up misleading insinuations here and there; for example, I had a hard time explaining to people in the 2010s on why Malaysia can promote Dayaknese culture and several cuisines (that were Melayu in nature) in their tourism ad without punity, because people were so used to the idea that those things are supposed to be "Indonesian"; for the educated people the answer would be easy, Dayaknese people had existed in Borneo from before the Malay/Brunei/Indo borders were drawn on the modern map, and Melayu culture had existed in the Archipelago also before those very same borders, but to the common people this had become a challenging concept to accept because it's embedded deep not only within their memory, but prescribed sense of national pride.
🇳🇱: how the F mate, those ships tanking cannonballs like ping pong
🇮🇩: worry no shit, these heaven-gift woodfibers could sail on lava flood
More like multiple Austronesian and Papuan tribes and kingdoms united under Javanese's mandala.
More likely because of magic stuff
this is very unexpected, history lesson from my country is very simplified in our school textbook
Kayaknya ga diajarin deh di pendidikan dasar soal Invasi Mongol ke Jawa.
Yang diajarkan hanya sejarah berdirinya kerajaan, tahun, serta nama raja yang terkenal & peninggalannya.
Ga tau ya kalau anak anak sekarang diajarin atau tidak, tapi jaman gw sekolah sih kaga..
@@anart_vaikawe do get taught that mongol invaded java. What I just know is that the battle is fought inland, thought it was a maritime battle.
@@alfiandihestiono2165
I don't know which kurikulum that taught this invasion at history lesson
At least when i was in school i didn't learn this topic, and i remember buku paket & LKS IPS that i have never mentioned this topic
@@anart_vaika i remmember it got mentioned in 1 or 2 paragraph in highschool around 5 years ago. Telling about the mongol got mad at kertanegara's making the mongol envoy mad or do something to them but went he mongols came he already died and so they fought Jayakatwang from he request of Radenwijaya. And Radenwijaya took advantage of the weakened mongol that already took their guard down. This video is mostly accurate on the fights in Java and Radenwijaya's trickery. The only mistake I see is the Jayakatwang's name mentioned as Jayakatong in the end (even though went hey mentioned javanese source calling him jayakatwang), it might be because of differing source material they used.
I learn them from internet and some random books (that i can't recalled). What our curriculum teach about history quite simplistic and to good to be true type.
I loved how you put many Indonesian javanese reference, straight keris (the original keris) and batik as backgroud. Splendid sir
Iya, malah di claim sama Malingsia 😢
@@pacarnyazee tak claim pun. memang cross culture berlaku dekat geografi dekat sini sebelum wujud negara Indonesia (ya Indonesia, saya hormat negara kamu jadi saya tak akan hina dengan tukar nama negara kamu) atau Malaysia (bukan malingsia ya). keris tu milik budaya merentas negara Malaysia Indonesia Brunei Singapura dll.
@@runemidgard938Heran aku mereka nie selalu tiba-tiba bawa nama Malaysia walaupun tidak ada orang sebut Malaysia.
@@Norman_Lazarevich ni kira saki baki tali barut penjajah dulu. sronok penjajah, xyah buat apa dah skrg ni. goyang kaki je tgk kita suma. dulu penjajah pecahkan org dekat asia tenggara ni, lps tu dorg biarkan je puak2 ni sambung agenda dorg utk terus berpecah-belah smpi skrg.
@@runemidgard938Asal Anda tahu, Keris berasal dari Pulau Jawa yang sekarang bagian dari Indonesia. Dengan adanya lintas budaya di Singapura dan di Malaya tidak membuat kalian langsung bisa langsung ambil kesimpulan seakan-akan Keris merupakan warisan budaya bersama antara Indonesia dengan negara-negara di Asia Tenggara
The Indonesians and Moluccan’s have always been fierce warriors. Nothing but respect to these people, kind regards a Dutchman.
Greetings from an Indonesian, Broer❤. Although many Indonesians hate what happened between us in the past , but i admit that your country left many good memories too. Come visit Jakarta/Batavia (As the Dutch called it long time ago) if you have time. Maybe your oma and opa once lived here🇮🇩🇳🇱
Moluccans is indonesian tooooo...
Indonesia And moluccans? Mollucans are also Indonesian, and the context of this video is medieval Javanese, not Indonesian or Maluku.
If you separate Indonesians and Moluccans, it's the same as saying Dutch people and people of Amsterdam are very tall. Lol
why are maluku differentiated, maluku is also part of Indonesia.
we do not differentiate by tribe or race or religion. we all live as One Nation.
Wkwkwk...niat hati ingin membanggakan maluku di sejarah kerajaan jawa, tapi bawa2 nama indoensia dan maluku...wkwkwkwk jawa dan maluku msh masuk akal..😂😂😂😂
I knew the mongols went far and wide, but had no idea they attempted an invasion that far south.
mongols were the first to conquer north america，fact。
Ofc they are, it's the richest region in the South east. Mongol aware the importance of trade, they flourishing from controlling silk Road so they know how profitable if they can get their hand on spice sea route.
@@ShadyAnchovyWelp no, the problem is due to trade rivalry Southeast Asia archipelago land (Indonesia and other regions had strategic) became most of many yea kingdoms due to their good on sails and trade. As we can see back in Hindu-Buddhist before the Yuan invasion of Indonesia they were rich and always paid tribute to maintain all side's factions even the Indian kingdom and Chinese dynasty every their rule but the power of controlling their sea trade route was so bad even the outside foreign decided to invade, especially during the Chola invasion because all sides were ambitious and didn't like each other (even Chola itself hated by rest of Kingdom of Sumatran).
Their rivalry even exists in Majapahit due to warlord power being strong instead of the authority of Majapahit kingdom rising after the death of Gajah Mada.
Indonesian schools never tell this because the Indonesian kingdom at that time that was fighting the Mongols was the Hindu Majapahit kingdom, not Islam, because Islam, the Majapahit kingdom was destroyed and Islam colonized and enslaved Indonesian people, Islam even collaborated with Europe to colonize Indonesia.
And this is the reason why they're overlooked from SEA history
As an Indonesian, thank you for covering the underrated history of Mongol invasion of Java. Some legacies that the Mongols left here were gun powder weapons. There are many types but I only remember 2 =
- cetbang / Majapahit cannon modeled after the Mongol's
- rentaka / Majapahit arquebus modeled after Mongol's spear arrow.
Never knew we had these even during majapahit times.
arquebus and cetbang are weapons used by Majapahit soldiers.
now you do. We gotta stop the misinformation that Indonesians are primitive folks fighting with only arrow and sharpened bamboo. Tome Pires in his book (1500-ish) even mentioned that the Javanese produced some of the finest arquebus@@Dikatok1987
@@Edgar_Ramirez471 Your country is an outsider. No mention in international relationship in the past. Backwarded.
@@Edgar_Ramirez471 number 1 terrorist in the world.
Finally Indonesia on Kings and Generals!
I've been waiting this for so long.. thank you for covering this history.
Fascinating. I had never heard of the Indonesian campaign. Such a simple but well thought out and well executed idea.
Serangan Mongol Yuan ke Jawa adalah serangan yang sangat besar karena membutuhkan kapal2 besar dan kecil,meriam,prajurit dan jendral2 besar..itu butuh waktu,kecerdasan,keberanian,teknologi,analisa,biaya yang besar,dan makan waktu berbulan- bulan dalam pelayaran samudera,tapi pulau2 tropis yg di penuhi rawa2,hutan,bukit,gunung,lembah,hutan2 lebat,sungai2 dan tanah2 berlumpur,tidak cocok untuk kavaleri dan infanteri para agresor dari negri2 Savana daratan Asia besar...dan mereka tidak akan mampu untuk bertahan lama.
@@izharrasyid2937betuul, namun mslahnya , dipakai dulu utk basmi habis jayakatwang
🇵🇭🇹🇭🇻🇳🇲🇾>>>>>>>🇲🇨unknown dark small people
@@Edgar_Ramirez471you are an Israeli aren't you 😂,have you ever heard indonesia's motto? Get 1000 friends? Hahaha yeah we made sure the only enemy we have is an abomination,similar to what the Nazis did. And that abomination is the current government of Israel. The previous without Netanyahu was more rational😂
@@Edgar_Ramirez471when you dont realize that excpet vietnamese. Most of them have similar physique
Top 5 Defeats of the Mongol Empire in the World
Egypt/Mamluk Sultanate 1260 🇪🇬
Japan/Kamakura Shogunate 1281 🇯🇵
Vietnam/Dai Viet & Champa 1287 🇻🇳
Indonesia/Majapahit Empire 1293 🇮🇩
India/Delhi Sultanate 1306 🇮🇳
Hungary & Poland 🇭🇺🇵🇱
wow that's a lot, that's why the khubilai is so depressed
i thing only 3 (japan, vietnam and indonesia) and for the other, they land has occupation first
as a mongolian who is currently traveling across south east asia， i can tell you for sure that the weather here is something our race can never adapt to，im literally lying at hotel bed not going out and watching youtube for 3 day now
I understand your position is, hot like hell ey?
What's the problem brother? Is it the hot and humid? Or is it the rain?
Being born in indonesia's borneo, the weather here in across Indonesia can be varied, in some mountainous part, it's "cool&pleasant", some place is arid, some coastal areas are hot but for me is not that hot.
But here in borneo, if it's sunny it feels like it's burning & piercing your skin. If it's cloudy it makes you sweat. While rain is good, sometimes when it's really hot it's a sign for a sudden heavy rainfall
@@zeinwahab9986Indonesia is scorchingly hot for people who live in the northern hemisphere
@@danielles7766 for me personally, 24 to 26 is nice, 27 to 29 is okay, 30 to 32 is slightly hot, 33 to 34 is the normal thing in borneo, if its a no big cloud just sun day.. That, my friend, i too rather stayed at home or under some shade, cuz my skin felt like being stabbed by sunlight if i stayed in open place
Oh and the humidity here 80% at minimum, normal is higher
@@zeinwahab9986 People from Mongolia could only handle -18' to 25' Celcius. You should travel to Kazakhstan, nice place and a Muslim nation
The batik pattern on the background is spot on. Named batik Parang said only wore by kings, and warriors during war. Love the little details.
Every video you guys make is a masterpiece, I learn more listening to the videos while I work then I ever did in school. 👍
Di negara kita terlalu banyak yang di rahasiakan
@@sholehartofwar3Sholeh Sholeh. Terlalu Sholeh dan muslim kamu,too religious. The government need to be more secular,Too much grip by the annoying religious institution!. Let Indonesia be more free
Agree
@@TheAnonymousKnightOfJusticehow about no 😂
Wow, never thought I would ever see Kings and Generals talk about the Mongolian invasion of Java. It is a very underrated part of the history of the Mongolian empire.
Indonesian schools never tell this because the Indonesian kingdom at that time that was fighting the Mongols was the Hindu Majapahit kingdom, not Islam, because Islam, the Majapahit kingdom was destroyed and Islam colonized and enslaved Indonesian people, Islam even collaborated with Europe to colonize Indonesia.
@@jonathanpurba2374bruh what are you smoking?
@@wintersun2016 I know you are Muslim, it's really embarrassing that you deliberately erase this history but foreigners know this history, you like to say that foreigners are erasing Indonesian history but in fact Muslims are erasing this history from Indonesian schools
@@jonathanpurba2374 We learn about this at school. Might not be in great detail, just one or two paragraph. And we are proud of our history of Hindu and Buddhist Kingdoms. In Indonesia's curriculum, for history most of the time it always the same pattern. Prehistory, hindu-buddhist kingdom, islamic kingdoms, colonialism, independence, new order, reformation, and modern indonesia. The oldest kingdom in Indonesia, according to many school books is Kutai Kingdom, a Hindu kingdom, in Kalimantan/Borneo. An interesting thing about this kingdom is that one of the earliest king's name sounded native, not yet influence by sanskrit.
@@wintersun2016 you agree hindu and majapahit is hero and islam destroyed, colonize, enslaved indonesia?
I love how the Javan account essentially boils down to "well, that happened."
There is a big stone in northern Java inscribed with a Chinese writing / grafitti of the Yuan dynasty soldiers. The stone is still left in its place due to its sheer size.
More like, "Our great friends the Mongols helped our great king rise to his throne and we gave their king a beautiful princess in exchange! Yay Mongols!"
I like how, implied in this story, the Javanese chroniclers probably didn't know Kublai was over 70 and about to die in a few years.
the invasion of mongols were so insignificant that the entire javanese story literally just say "ohh yeah this happen but that's it"
@@arulkws they are no very much transcipted history thru Indonesian ancient kingdoms, for maybe 1 of 2 these reasons that I can think of in my PERSONAL opinion. 1stly, Indonesian history transcipt were found and destroyed by the dutch so we will not know our history. 2ndly, our ancestors were too lazy to write(and we inherited the cultures🤣🤣) any events because either they were didn't really know or really care it will affect our history, or too many kingdoms come & go so the story couldn't keep up. And only the big kingdoms like Srivijawa, Majapahit, Kutai Kingdom, Samudera Pasai, and so on that have scriptures or transcipts about their kingdoms but even tho it only a small part of their history.
Also, our historians are really not that much to cover and searching our history because you know. Small apreciation, small funds, etc and etc.
@@ah5904 nahh the 3rdly is every civil war, war for the throne, or invasion of certain kingdom there was also moslty burnt down to earth every building and everyting maybe it include the old script. Most of our proof of history are sclupture, tablet, or stone that long last well a little know that written on paper or wooden scroll script
Ah yes the Chad Raden Wijaya who hoodwinked one of the strongest military in the world to establish an empire that ruled almost all of SE Asia for decades. Makes me a proud Indonesian and Javanese. Raden Wijaya is the real Lann the Trickster from Game of Thrones.
Free West Papua
Free west Papua
@@BrazilianImperialist FREE WEST JAVA
@@BrazilianImperialist🙃🙃🤢🤮🤮🤮🤮🤮🤮🤥🤥🤥🤥
Almost all of SEA? Thats quite generous
A substantial amount of the Mongols men couldn't retreat back to the ships for various reasons. Many eventually married and settled in the north coast of Java. When Zheng He visited this coastal cities in the early 1400s, he was met with a vibrant and established chinese community, their descendent (mostly Hokkiens from Quanzhou but also other Southern Min groups).
~Exactly, The primary objective was not the conquest of the island itself but to deploy soldiers from newly acquired territories or vassal states as far away as possible, ensuring they could not return and potentially rebel. This strategy was employed across various regions, from the Middle East at the Battle of Ain Jalut, where the majority of the army comprised Persians, Khwarezmians, and Armenians, to the Far East, where forces targeting Japan mostly consisted of Koreans and Northern Han Chinese. Similarly, in Eastern Europe, the forces attacking Poland and Hungary were largely made up of Russians, Kipchaks, and other Turkic groups.There were only about 100,000 Mongols eligible for military service, and all these battles occurred roughly concurrently.
Zheng He just arrived in northern Java expecting to see local people.
However, *insert Spider-Men pointing meme*
but some one journey from cina encounter cina city (1000 citizen) in gersik (in way to trowulan, majapahit city)
Southern Min groups (Yunnan) migrated further south and arrived in Java long before Kublai's campaign.
Indonesia has a proud royal history, proving that Indonesia is worthy of being a noble nation
PROUD JAVANESE ❤🥰
It’s still incredible that the Mongols back then fought as far west as Central Europe, nearly making it to Jerusalem, and getting all the way to Indonesia way south of them 🤯 oh and also conquering most of modern day Russia and all of China
Because they have huge army consist of troops from each teritories they conquered
That just average war .....ITS called volunter.@@topibundar9554
The end of the Islamic kingdom has always been the Mongols. They are feared greatly. If the Genghis khan became an ally of the Muslim world at the time, he would definitely took over every corner of the known world.
The big mistake of during Ghengis Khans' reign wad that they grew too rapidly within 1 Grear Ruler but didn't have time to develop a proper root in each region they controlled
we have rawarontek , bolosewu,pancasona
Mongols weakness are hot weather.
Thank you for highlighting one of the histories of Java in Indonesia. I learned more easily through these videos than what I found in textbooks.
I heard this story when I was 8 years old from history book. this epic and I think this is the turning point of Nusantara (aka) Indonesia as a nation. It's 1289 by the way. Thanks for exposing Indonesian history in interesting form. Bravo.
There were 4 nations which have managed to defeat the 1200's Mongols in war; Javanese (Majapahit), Turks (Khalji & Bahri Mamluks), Japanese, Vietnamese (Dai Viet). Mongols of the first half of the 13th century however were unstoppable.
Major nations destroyed by the Mongols ;
-Jin (Tungusic)
-Khwarezmids (Turkic)
-Souther Song (Sinitic)
-Qara Khitais (Khitanic)
-Cumania(Turkic)
-Kievan Rus(Germanic and Slavic)
-Seljuk Rum (Turkic)
-Abbasids (Arabic)
-Western Xia(Qiangic)
-Volga Bulgaria (Turkic)
the others won it in battle. Javanese won it by pure cunning. Look at the current Indonesian president, he's the real life version of littlefinger - and unlike in the show, he really made it.
Poland and Hungary did defeat the Mongols in 1280s rather decisively. Btw, technically you should mention Georgia in the list.
Iirc, georgia allied with the mongols.
The mongols also failed to push into india, though that is somewhat down to a lack of effort.
@@somethink.gBy that logic the Japanese won thanks to bad weather and poor shipbuilding by the Mongols
Stop saying Mongols!
By the time Mongolians invaded those 4 kingdom, it was already broken into 4 kingdom warring with eachother for supremacy.
What split the unified Mongols was the death of Mongke Khan after he got defeated and killed in a battle in China.
Thank you, Kings & General for reminding me of the history lessons back in school. This video is very detailed & informative. Greetings from East Java, the place where this "incident" happened
More details are on the Jagad Mandala channel with the title History of the founding of Majapahit, ancient palm leaf version
Indonesian schools never tell this because the Indonesian kingdom at that time that was fighting the Mongols was the Hindu Majapahit kingdom, not Islam, because Islam, the Majapahit kingdom was destroyed and Islam colonized and enslaved Indonesian people, Islam even collaborated with Europe to colonize Indonesia.
@@jonathanpurba2374what are you trying to do here mate doing copy and paste your comment everywhere 😂😂😂😂
@@jonathanpurba2374europe?? You mean christians & catholics? 😂
@@jonathanpurba2374
There isn't javanese inscription about Mongol attack.
Javanese inscription since 9th centuries just write about foreigners in Java who work or trade.
The world know this mongol attack cause book of yuan
It's not just Indonesians. Mongols also tried to subdue the Burmese, Khmers and Vietnamese, but failed miserably. We ASEAN people, our hearts and souls are made of steel.
🇧🇳 🇰🇭🇮🇩🇱🇦🇲🇾🇲🇲🇵🇭🇸🇬🇹🇭🇻🇳
Except Philippines
Phil is a joke lol, their names even come from their ex-master "King Phillip", Imagine that their neighbours already built advanced civilization while they're still isolated and backward lmao. Weak nation doesn't deserve to be included
Together we are strong....
but unfortunately we have lost to the tricky european
@@Unknownuser1077-8oaThey had to conquer Vietnam and Indonesia first but they failed
Thank You Kings and Generals sharing about our indonesians story ❤
I love when K&G upload Asian history videos. Its something pretty unknown for the majority. Great work! Fantastic channel, one of my favourites
Wow, I just thought about this particular set of history a few weeks a go while watching historical video on this channel. Then you made it real. Thank you.
In terms of Raden Wijaya beating back the Mongols, I guess it's much easier to defeat someone if you first pretend to be their friend only to betray them when they least expect it.
Would you rather submit your homeland for some foreign invader?
@@Astartes7670
Wijaya descendants: well, it's depends on how much the money is
That's called Strategy ! .. it was and still is the key for Success !
Technically, that's called (or at least better categorised as) subterfuge. Specifically, it is perfidy, where "one side promises to act in good faith with the intention of breaking that promise once the unsuspecting enemy is exposed" which is not something allowed in modern standards (Geneva Conventions).
Well local hindu Javanese had give control of java nad its empire to muslims from other country !!@@Astartes7670
A little corrections:
Jayakathong: Jayakatwang
Pachekan: Pasuruan
Madura Wiraraja: Arya Wiraraja
It's just how's their name written in Chinese records. The video maker isn't wrong.
I've been waiting this for long time i always hope that kings and generals talk about my javanese history great video man
Wow!! As a javanese, I am impressed with your video, very detailed and very close to what I learned in my high school. Auto subscribe, thank you ❤
Ibn Batutta reference! The side quest master
You know, having studied Asean history. This part is really like the most legendary and mythical of all instances. A landlocked nomadic nation sweeps across the known world and consumes everything in its way.
Not satisfied it proceeds to sail down across the equator to the world's greatest repository of exotic spices, minerals and plant life. Along the way, its defeated by the maritime prowess of the aforesaid Majapahit maritime empire.
I've known Mongolian and Indonesian classmates but no one actually even remembers this part history. Its like when they found out about it, everyone went slightly confused.
where are you from if you don't mind me asking?
@@generic_name4570 Taiwan
That's because it's a taboo... Raja Kertanegara died during pancamakara puja ritual (bhairawa tantra-kalacakra) attacked by Jayakatwang... And we all know about this... Btw, Raja Kertanegara is not a Buddhist in Indonesian history book...
Philippines, Thailand, Vietnam, Malaysia, Cambodia history is hundred times better than indog history
Hard disagree from me tho, I LOOOVE Indonesian history and culture, just something about the language, the traditional music, the architecture speaks to mah souuul@@deku-3333
Finally you launch this video, we already begging this for long time. Thanks K&G channel, you are the best.
bro.. im indonesian and i need to prepare for my Kingdom of Kediri History presentation, thank u so muchh, this will be a good adition🤝🤝
Good luck on your presentation 👍
@@silentKeys20 yes bruh thank you
Hohoho... The direct heir of Saka-Yavana-Daha civilization... From the era of Aji Saka/Ajivaka (the fall of Saka dynasty) to present day...
👆small dark people
If you're looking for the history of Kediri or Daha this video isn't what you're looking for, because this video mainly deals with the Mongols invasion of Java which can be considered as the history of late Singhasari to early Majapahit instead.
If you're looking for a good book which covers the History of Indonesia from pre-history up to the modern day, then I suggest you check the book "Sejarah Nasional Indonesia" which comes in 6 Volume, Volume 1-6.
Thank you for making a video about the history of my nation
so happy to see my Javanese history on Kings & Generals!
If you study Hofstede's theory, Indonesia has an indirect culture, which is accustomed to keeping its true intentions hidden, not showing them directly.
Because Java is "the key" ~old proverb
Such a wise word must be said by a good man right? Right?
In fact, the fall of Napoleon's French empire began with the failure to defend Java island due to Daendels' defeat against Raffles from England during part of the Napoleonic Wars in Javanese theater in 1811 @@strix501
Please do more South East Asia history, not been told much as Europe and Middle east.
Indonesian schools never tell this because the Indonesian kingdom at that time that was fighting the Mongols was the Hindu Majapahit kingdom, not Islam, because Islam, the Majapahit kingdom was destroyed and Islam colonized and enslaved Indonesian people, Islam even collaborated with Europe to colonize Indonesia.
@@jonathanpurba2374 .. what a joke ! Hv you ever studied & learned Indonesian history ? About this Javanese Hindu King that defeated the Mongols was even taught in Junior High.. were you sleeping ?? 😂
@@dradia1983looks like, someone never paid attention to History class. My National Exam and school exam in 2014 literally asking whose ruler that betray a mongol empire and the first majapahit ruler.😂😂
@@jonathanpurba2374 opini yang bagus batak crusader biggot, sekarang kembali ngebuzzer capresmu itu
Cek aja koment2 yg oernah dia tulis..tendensius sllu trhadap Islam @@dradia1983
From Java, to Vienna. Amazing.
And centuries before the steam engine. More like absolutely mind boggling!!
From aleppo (Syria) to sakhalin islands (North japan)
Unknown dark short people
@@Edgar_Ramirez471What's your problem nguyen?
@@Edgar_Ramirez471 Unknown Pag pag eater
I love this country .
INDONESIA RAYA
As an Indonesian, thanks for the Video !
Raden Wijaya : “hey, help me defeat kediri then you can have my land”
Mongol Empire : “Ok”
Later…
Mongol Empire : “Where’s the land?”
Raden Wijaya : “ There’s no land but dead men” ⚔️
When mongol destroyed the Song for good, many song soldier fled to java, and some of them become raden wijaya strategist to defeat the Mongols.
the proff?.. link???
what books, serat, babad, inscriptions, historian figures noted (exp marcopolo, batuta, ect), artefacts, or any other documents, your comment were based on?
its interesting...
Just opinion.😂
Give us a break of your nonsense. The Mongols' vulnerability is heat. You try telling someone who lives in a chilly climate to go out in the scorching sun. Even the locals in the hot and humid nation, not to mention the mongols, cannot handle the blazing sun. The Mongols will be vanquished when they lose their ability to think.
Chinese already in Java since 10th centuries.
Source : kancana inscription write about juru cina
Damn congrats 🇮🇩 ! Your own video.
Just learned this at school a week ago, did not focus on a single thing other than when discussing this part because its so brilliant
Matur nuwun, thanks!
I glad u post history about my country like singasari empire❤. i hope you make other videos about Indonesia because Indonesia has a lot of history in the past😇
Up
Terima kasih untuk Kings and General yang sudah mengangkat Sejarah Majapahit
Kita lg digibahin tau
@@Jeje76-p3z Digibahin biat reputasi kita naik
@@Jeje76-p3zsebetulnya sejarah harus di ungkap agar generasi tdk kehilangan peradaban, contoh nya hampir semua org indo teruntuk non jawa itu tdk percaya bhwa kerajaan majapahit itu besar bhkan umumnya invasi mongol ke jawa di anggap dongeng dan jd bahan tertawaan bagi org indo khususnya non jawa,padahal sejarah ini sudah tertulis oleh dunia atas daftar wilayah2 yg di invasi mongol
udah lupakan lebih memuja perang khillafah arab udah di lupakan sama bangsa sendiri kehebatan nenek moyang kita
@@sandechoir gak berlaku buat gue
Thank you for reporting on topics that aren’t always discussed. It’s refreshing to hear about history, not from the Roman’s and WW2 (can you tell I’m from the west?). I still enjoy that content but it’s great to see lesser known history being discussed.
I hope you continue the series with a video on the Burmese defense against the Mongols! This series has been super good so far and I look forward to more.
Akhirnya sejarah ini diangkat oleh King & General
I've been watching your channel for a long time
Thanks you, for your research and include our historical notes in your TH-cam account so that the world knows, thanks 🙏
It just blows my mind that Mongols a thousand years ago managed to invade almost all of Eurasia, from Poland to Indonesia and Japan. I won't even be surprised if they made it to Alaska at some point)
I'm sure that some people from that time travelled to America, but not sure if any part of it was "conquered" or something
Ever heard of the Yakuts people of North eastern Russia? Litteral Snow ppl, could had some contact with the Inuits(Artic natives)
I mean, all Native Americans are descendants of people who crossed the Bering Strait during the last ice age, when sea levels were lower and there was a land bridge.
But yeah, if anyone managed to cross AFTER the sea level rose, I am not sure.
However the Inuit and the peoples of Far East Siberia seem closely related.
you'll be surprised if i told you Srivijaya settled Madagascar and raided Mozambique coast in mid 8th century
So Raden Vijaya pulled a Battle of Teutoberg Forest Javanese-style war on the Mongols? Clever.... Heheheheehehe
Indeed, brother, indeed!
The old times when hinduism use to flowish in indonesia ...
Raden vijaya was great ❤
@@Edgar_Ramirez471Unknown Dark Short People 😂 Don't cry🤣 I won't be notified since my reply notifications is off Crying baby😭
Thanks for making this story video, I've been waiting for long time from you
Imagine that you are an Amateur time traveler and you get forcibly drafted into a medieval army. Then one day you learn that you must fight on the front line. And your enemies are called "The Mongols". Everyone else looks at you with confusion as you faint on hearing that name.
nah mongols that are coming from boats are losers..the real terror are the ones on horsebacks..
That would be interesting isekai story plot. I would buy the novel.
We are javaneese, no nations will conquer us.. now we are indonesian... even bigger.
finally been waiting for this video! thank u so much
I'm Indonesian and thank you for this video!
Sangat menarik melihat variabel sejarah yang saling berhubungan dua ekspedisi angkatan laut Dinasti Yuan ke (Jepang, Jawa) akhirnya menimbulkan ketidakpuasan orang selatan (Cina Han kelas bawah, Songin selatan), dan kemudian berkembang menjadi banyak pemberontakan serta berdirinya Dinasti Ming
Finally my request was broadcast by Kings and Genaral... Thank you from the Indonesian people who really appreciate the history of their ancestors
Thank you for discussing it, actually the kingdoms in Southeast Asia also have a lot of history of battles, Especially when fighting colonialists from Europe, such as the Malacca and Portuguese wars, the Portuguese Aceh war,The Dutch war in Aceh, the Portuguese and Spanish war in Maluku, and many more, really need to be considered for discussion
only winning in battles but losing the wars just useless
You guys should make history of chinese sping and autumn period or japanese sengoku period, it's unexplored gold mine for english history youtubers
sengoku is overdone, spring and autumn period is covered in art of war i think
Wow, this is what I've been waiting for..
Of all the Mongol campaigns in Southeast Asia, Java was the most far flung and ranked with the Japanese invasion as the most disastrous. The process began as it had in Burma and Vietnam with the Mongol envoy demanding tribute from Java's ruler, king Kertanagara. The king responded by branding the ambassador's face. The invasion began in 1292 with a fleet sailing out from Daytoun (Quanzhou). The journey took several months and the fleet did not land in Java until 1293. The landing spot was near present day Rembang on Java's north-east coast. The Mongol commander ordered half of his troops to proceed overland in a show of force whilst the rest of his troops would continue eastward by sea. The rendezvous point was at Surabaya.
The Mongol expedition out in 1292 to avenge the grave insult to the Mongol ambassador. Depending on the sources, the Mongol emissaries' faces were branded with a hot iron or tattooed and possibly had their ears cut-off- punishments usually meted to common criminals. The Mongols took three years to assemble the invasion fleet which is said to have included 20,000 to 30,000, possibly predominantly Chinese forces in 1000 ships. There was also a years worth of grain and large amounts of silver. (Paul Michel Munoz in Early Kingdoms of the Indonesian Archipelago and Malay Peninsula quoting unreferenced Yuan sources claims a figure of 100 000, including cavalry.) The command structure was interesting with a Mongol, Shi-pi, a veteran of the war against the Song Chinese in overall command. The ground forces were commanded by a Chinese, Kao Xing - presumably not an easily defeated enemy Chinese general from the recent Mongol campaign against the Song. The naval forces were under a Uighur, named Ikh-Musu, he was probably there for his command experience and not for his maritime skill, although China's most famous mariner, Zheng He also hailed from the interior of China.
A large naval force comparable to that used against Japan 11 years earlier carried out the invasion. The fleet set sail from Quanzhou (the place that Marco Polo calls Daytoun) and took several months to reach Java because they chose an open-sea route, calling at small islands, rather than one that followed the coast through Malacca and Sumatra. We are told that 'the wind was strong and the sea very rough, so that the ships rolled heavily and the soldiers could not eat for many days.'
The fleet departed from southern China and tracked down along what is now modern Vietnam. There is some dispute in the sources as to whether the fleet tried to land in Champa and were rejected (Munoz and Delgado) or whether the fleet headed directly for Java (Man). Man goes further and suggests that Kertanegara had already placed forces in Champa to deal with any fleet and so the decision to avoid that location actually worked in the Mongol's favour. the voyage had been hard and that the army was in a weakened state.
Thanks to King and Generals for raising Indonesian history, especially Java History. But there are minor failures, such as Jayakatong, which should be Jayakatwang, and Pachekan, which should be Pasuruan. I suggest you find the history of the Java War between the Javanese(which was led by Diponegoro) and the Dutch. This war impacted the Dutch finances and caused Belgian independence from the Dutch. Thanks!
I come from Indonesia, thank you for highlighting history related to Indonesia. I hope that Indonesian history can be known to the world 👍
Hell yeah, guys.
Been up all night not sleeping. This definitely made it better 😎 Thank you Kings and Generals team😎
Nobody on that age had title "raden" untill 300 years later. Vijayavarman is his true name.
Raden Wijaya's real name is Dyah Wijaya, he is the son of Dyah Lembu Tal (Nagarakretagama Book)
Gelar kebangsawanan "raden" memang berawal dari masa raden wijaya. Cuma belum terlalu populer. Era setelahnya baru gelar ini menjadi populer menggantikan gelar sebelumnya, "dyah"..
Chanel yang netral dan sangat mendidik kejadian masa lampau .. semangat berkarya
Thank you for making a video about our people history. Majapahit was the biggest kingdom we ever had but written sources about it are very limited. Such a shame
It seems most of my people were illiterate even in those times, continuing to this day.
their historical building and scriptures destroyed by invasive demak sultanate
@@absyahwa7698 can't blame it all on Demak sultanate tho. just look at the library of Alexandria, it was destroyed...all those knowledges are lost but we still have so many written accounts about Egypt (old and new kingdom) to this day.
the same also goes for Baghdad when Mongols sacked and basically obliterated the whole region but we still have written accounts about their history.
Majapahit was our biggest kingdom alongside the Srivijaya Empire but we know so so so little information about them!
sometimes I feel a little bit disappointed because I know more about the history of other nations than my own nation.
As a Indonesians people, i hope you make a video about Majapahit expansion,,
For me melayu war siak sri indrapura vs all melayu kingdom
Long time i waiting for this video from you.Thanks
As Javanese myself thanks for covering this. It's true my ancestors are trickery people 😅
But less honest people until now. Trickey National budget to own pocket elite
Iyo kamu kata gitu ancestors are trickery people, ada orang akan pikir kami orang jowo pengen tipu orang aja 😅
Indonesian schools never tell this because the Indonesian kingdom at that time that was fighting the Mongols was the Hindu Majapahit kingdom, not Islam, because Islam, the Majapahit kingdom was destroyed and Islam colonized and enslaved Indonesian people, Islam even collaborated with Europe to colonize Indonesia.
@@jonathanpurba2374 you skip or sleep when Elementary school?
I read this history when Elementary Class 5 and class 7(1 SMP). I still remember my history teacher pak suprapto and mbah wasiran. Im Elementary class 5 2006 and 1 junior high School at 2009.
This history Nusantara on your textbook and silabus if you read LKS.
@@jonathanpurba2374 lmao here you are as well, mate get your facts straight, quick google search showed the spread of Islam in Indonesia was peaceful, majapahit had a series of failures especially within its own kingdom due to infighting and Islam did not cooperate with the Europe; wtf will they do that when Europeans were obsessed with “civilising” the “backward” Indonesian? Gtfo with your lies
Really apreciate the content, keep the good work, thanks from your subscribers from indonesia
Amazing video 🙌
I am indonesian and javanese, so i know this history very well....and I can say that kingsandgeneral really accurate on this!!!
FYI, both chinese record and java & bali record also true....
Kertanegara indeed punish mongol envoy by cut his nose and ear (it is traditional humiliation punishment in singasari kingdom)....but after that incident, not long after, one of the vassal king (jayakatwang) rebel against kertanegara and kill him....raden wijaya and all of kertanegara daughter was able to escape to one of the remote village named MAJA...
they start to planning a revenge against jayakatwang, and when the preparation almost finish, the kubhilai army was arrived (to punish kertanegara)....with raden wijaya's cunning, he can convince mongol army to join him to kill jayakatwang....and when they celebrated the victory, raden wijaya also kill all of mongol army when they drunk....
raden wijaya was really cunning man and use it very well to forge his new empire, MAJAPAHIT....he play both mongol side and javanese side....
I can't wait for your next video....and if you need to help some history in indonesia, you can ask me anytime....I'm more than happy to help you guys!!!
Personally I feel like the conquest of the Indonesian islands and the Pacific Islands as a whole would be a giant pain in the back even for it's resources. But can you imagine if the Mongols did bring Indonesia to its knees and discovered Australia.
australia is a barren place. nothing to gain there. not even dutch want them.
@@rizkyadiyanto7922 So is Mongolia, so the Mongols will feel right at home.
@@WilliamMosicki-Nystromimagine if they brought horses there before they collapsed. Would there be aborigine step empires?
@@goldenfiberwheat238hmmm,,, nice idea
@Wkwkwkland904Indonesian prefer to trade sea cucumber from the Australian locals with Indonesian made iron and steel tools.
Excellent work !
Thank you so much for making this videooo!! Hope Maritime Southeast Asia becomes a series
Indonesia adalah bangsa petarung & pejuang, kemerdekaan bangsa ini tidak didapat dari hadiah seperti negara jajahan inggris, negara indonesia terlahir dari para pejuang yang tidak takut mati, jadi wajar nenek moyangnya saja mampu menumpas mongol salah satu bangsa terkuat pada zamannya
Emang lu jaman dulu udah hidup sampe tau kejadian jaman dulu ? 😂
This is a very complex explanations of the matters with preludes and backgrounds leading to the actual battle. Growing up as Indonesian, this lesson was repeatedly taught in textbooks when I was in primary, middle, and high school. And so far, it has always been an oversimplification, without any in depth explanation on the reasons leading to the Mongols invading Java other than just over a rejection and (probable) killing of the envoy asking for tributes. Not even explanation on how the Mongols were even asking tributes so far away to Javanese kingdoms. It's also more of an oversimplification to have been taught that Raden Wijaya only managed to push back the Mongols because the Mongols were too drunk in their victories and let their guard down. Just a note, I was taught the name was Jayakatwang and not Jayakatong, but idk, perhaps it is his other name or pronunciation.
This was pretty well done! I’m hoping you could do one about Srivijaya and Chola empire.
As an Indonesian Javan, I can't believe you actually make this video
Indonesian schools never tell this because the Indonesian kingdom at that time that was fighting the Mongols was the Hindu Majapahit kingdom, not Islam, because Islam, the Majapahit kingdom was destroyed and Islam colonized and enslaved Indonesian people, Islam even collaborated with Europe to colonize Indonesia.
That's a nice argument@@jonathanpurba2374 but why dont you back it up with a source?
@@jonathanpurba2374
Islam colonized and enslaved Indonesian people?
Are you sure?
Do you mean Christianity, that brought to Indonesia by Colonial Western Countries with their 3G : Glory, Gold, & Gospel..?
Islam was spread by merchants and scholar from Gujarat (India), Arab, and China muslims.
Just check your source of History friend..
@@isu152stalin2his source is that he Made it the fu-ck up
@@jonathanpurba2374source, your mom
good for K&G for cover some underrated story about mongol invasion against java. in our storybook, its only a few paragraph that explain about this episode. thank you and as always stunning and mindblowing storytelling. you are the best🎉🎉🎉🎉
As a Javanese Indonesian Thanks for Covering this 🙏
I was born and live in Malang, East Java, a city near Singhasari old Kingdom.
And as a Javanese, I'm very proud that you make this video.
I'm very honoured as my ancestors has a great history, that can withstand a great threat from a great Mongolian nation, who literally ruled the world that time.
This mean a lot to me, in a time like this, that I need a spirit to fight back my lost life.
I'm a descendant of a great nation, and I shall prevail..!
💪🏻💪🏻💪🏻
Hi, I'm an Indonesian living in East Java, specifically in Kediri Regency, next to Malang Regency, where the Singhasari/Tumapel Kingdom is located.
For us, residents of East Java, we really understand and know the history of our kingdom very well.
Regarding the narrative in this video, I will provide corrections that do not match our history.
6:50 Kertanegara did not kill Meng Qi, but only cut off her ear and damaged her face using a Keris.
This was done so that Meng-Qi would stay alive and return to China to convey a message and form of insult to Kublai Khan from King Kertanegara, that Singosari was not subject to and not afraid of the Mongol Empire.
8:46 Arya Wiraraja and Kublai Khan did not know each other.
At the time the Mongol army arrived in Java to punish Kertanegara, Arya Wiraraja was the Regent of Sumenep (an area on the island of Madura which was still under the rule of the Singhasari Kingdom). Before becoming Regent of Sumenep, Arya Wiraraja was one of the ministers in the Singhasari Kingdom when Kertanegara was in power.
It should be noted that when the Mongol Army arrived, the Singhasari Kingdom had collapsed due to attacks by the Kadiri Kingdom. This is an old grudge between two kingdoms, Singhasari and Kadiri, their descendants attacked and conquered each other.
Kadiri's success over Singhasari could not be separated from the information and strategies provided by Arya Wiraraja to the King of Kediri (Jayakatwang).
This was done by Arya Wiraraja, because his feelings for King Kertanegara exiled him from the palace to Sumenep as regent.
The reason Arya Wiraraja was exiled by King Kertanegara was because Arya Wiraraja, as one of his ministers, did not agree with the Pamalayu Expedition launched by King Kertanegara to Sumatra.
Arya Wiraraja was worried that sending most of Singhasari's troops to Sumatra would make the defense of the kingdom weak, which would be very fatal if there was an attack from the Mongol Empire, which he feared would attack Singhasari, after his envoy was insulted by Kertanegara.
Kertanegara did not like this proposal and finally appointed Arya Wiraraja as Regent of Sumenep, far from the Singhasari Royal Palace.
8.53 What the Tumapel family means is Raden Wijaya and his wife and followers who managed to escape from pursuing Kadiri Kingdom troops when they invaded Singhasari.
Arya Wiraraja was willing to help Raden Wijaya defeat the Kediri Kingdom, because Wijaya promised Arya Wiraraja to divide the current Kadiri territory in East Java into two parts. the eastern side (Probolinggo, Lumajang, Situbondo, Bondowoso, Jember and Banyuwangi) for Arya Wiraraja and the western side of East Java to Central Java and Jogja became for Wijaya.
Arya Wiraraja agreed and began planning a strategy by using the Mongol army anchored in Gresik to attack the Kadiri Kingdom. Arya Wiraraja's envoy conveyed to the Mongol troops that Singhasari had collapsed, the current ruler in Java was the Kadiri Kingdom, Arya Wiraraja and Wijaya troops were ready to help the Mongol troops to attack Kadiri, with the agreement that if they won, all the daughters and wealth of the Kadiri Kingdom would be offered to Kublai Khan, and Java will submit to the Mongol Empire
Great History... Majapahit Empire... King Raden Wijaya, first King of Majapahit.
Thank you for telling the history of our nation.
Other sources mentioned that the mongols were celebrating and while in drunken state attacked by the Javanese. Causing retreat and never set foot again.