Explain Construction and Working of Single Beam Spectrophotometer. | Spectroscopy | Analytical
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- เผยแพร่เมื่อ 24 ส.ค. 2024
- Spectrophotometers are the instruments which are working at a wavelength where the absorbance is maximum. Such wavelength of the radiations whose absorbance is maximum is called λmax.
With the help of spectrophotometers we can have qualitative as well as quantitative analysis of any type of sample it may be solid, liquid or gas. It may be colored or colourless. The spectrophotometers are of two types; (i) Single Beam Spectrophotometers, and (ii) Double Beam Spectrophotometers.
The following are the main components of a Single Beam Spectrophotometers:
1. Source of radiations: It may be U.V-light, visible light or I.R. light. U.V. Light can be obtained by heating the filament which is filled with either H2 gas or deuterium. Visible Radiations can be obtained by incandescent lamp with tungsten filament and I.R. Radiations can be obtained by heating Newton's glower at the temp. of 1500-2000 oC. Newton's glower is metallic oxide of Yettrium, Erbium and Zirconium. I.R. radiations can also be obtained by heating glow bar which is Silicon carbide SiC (Carborandum) at the temp. of 1300-1700 oC.
2. Collimating Convex Lens: The function is to collect all the rays coming from the source.
3. Diaphragm: To set the 100% transmittance.
4. Monochromators: To obtain the radiation of one wavelength. The Monochromators may be prism or diffraction gratings.
5. Cuvette or Sample Holder: For U.V. light it should be made up of quartz, for visible light it should be made up of glass and for I.R. light it must be that of rock salts for eg. NaCl. a) If the sample is gas or volatile liquid having low B.P. must be taken in the closed container. b) If it is liquid, one drop of the liquid must be placed between two parallel plates for U-V. the plates must be quartz and for visible it must be glass and for I.R. it is rock salt. c) If it is solutions the solvent used for the preparation of solution must be Cyclohexane, methyl alcohol, ethyl alcohol or any other suitable solvent which is not capable to absorb the radiations incident on it. d) If it is solids then we take about 1mg. of it and is mixed in 100-200 mg. of KBr - prepare slurry. It is cut into smaller circular discs (just like bindle) called pellets. They are dried and placed in the place of cuvette. The diameter of pellets is 10mm. and thickness is 1mm.
6. The Focusing Convex Lens: Its function is to collect all the transmitted light from cuvette and is focused at a point where photo cathode of the photo-cell is placed.
7. Photo-Cell: The transmitted light is incident on it photo cathode converts these radiations into current. It can be amplified using the amplifier if needed.
8. Read out meter or dial: The current is converted into OD or Absorbance in read out meter and by knowing OD we can find out the concentration of the solution i.e. quantitative analysis is possible by applying Beer Lamberts Law.
First of all the source of radiations from U.V. light to visible light to I.R. radiations is started. The light from the source is collected by Collimating convex lens and allowed to fall on monochromator. For each radiations incident on monochromator we are getting the radiations of one wave length only i.e. λ, This monochromatic light is passed over the sample kept in cuvette where some part of radiation is absorbed and remaining is transmitted which passes through focusing lens and falls on Photocell. Photocell converts this radiation to the current and OD or Absorbance. Value of the wavelength where the absorbance is maximum is known as λ max which is characteristic property of the compound and gives the qualitative analysis of sample. While knowing the value of absorbance we can find out the concentration of solution using beer lambert's relation. Thus quantitative analysis is possible.
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Thank you, but i hope next time remove the music pls 😅
Ok no problem
Music cause irritation and disturbance but explanation is good 😮
Love the music 😁
🙋🏻♀️Hello Sir. Simple, clear n easy to remember. 👏Complete video was good. 😫But, I loved the working part. 👏👏Awesome👏👏 I collected 📝notes also. 🙏Really helped me alot. 👏👏Excellent video🎥 Superb 👌👌👌Thank you🙏 so much Sir for sharing this video. Without a second thought, I m gonna SUBSCRIBE to your channel. 👍Keep up the great work. Waiting for more informative n useful videos.
Thank u for explaining it ......and for notes in description ....it helped me lot🤗
Background music gives arabic vibes🐪😌 Nice content though 👍
Ur way of teacher are awesome sir 👍
Thanks
❤❤
sir this is an excellent video it helps me more to understand it...
Great. Its very helpful.. Good job
Thankyou so much for sharing video and content for notes as well. Very well explained.. Pl make videos on all aspects of Analytical Instrumentation, will be appreciated. Very nice graphics..
Supab sir 😊
Nice explanation bro😇
Thanks
Superb explain impressive
Thank you
Good one..✨
Gud explanation bro but music cause disturbance
Nice explantion sir but plzz clear one thing
U have shown focusing convex lens before cuvette in diagram but in discription box u have written that light passes from cuvette to focusing lens
I agree ,,it's correct what u hve told,,,,the description explanation and the video explantion is different,,,so the video is correct not description....it's obvious that light collected has to be focused in order to detect the particular focused component in the sample .....then the light emitted will be collected by any of the detectors to detect it ......
Sir can you help us by giving info about the Software that ever you use for these awesome tutorial vedios
Thanks brother
Good video
creepy background music
Very much helpful and informative Thank you
Thank u sir
good sir
sir you mentioned Newtons glower for source of IR radiations but the word is Nernest glower .i have searched a lot there is no any match of Newtons glower.if I'm right then plz make correction.
why music so loud good video tho
Thanks bro
Sir can u tell me the diaphragm is made of what
Music is really asw sir,
I also wish to know the name of music
I love this video
Thank you
Remove the music🎤🎼🎹🎶 it creates disturbance, headache
ᴛʜᴀɴᴋɪɴɢ ꜰᴏʀ yᴏᴜʀ ᴠᴀʟᴜᴀʙʟᴇ ɪɴꜰᴏʀᴍᴀᴛɪᴏɴ ꜱɪʀ
May be if you could have made video in Hindi, You could have got 10000 views easily
All lactucur is disturbied by music
Geez the music is disturbing
Sir hindi m bhi video bnaye
double beam or single beam dono ek jese hi explain kr rakhe h
For uv light it is made up of ..........? What
Quartz
dono ek kese ho site h
Background music kaun deta hai🤦🏻♂️🤦🏻♂️
No music needed
Hmm
dude, remove your music it'll make it better
Sir hindi m bhi video bnaye