Oh, I've never actually understood how logic gates work with binary addition before. I "learned" it in school, but never understood. This is such a clear explanation. Thank you!
ComputerPhile has done a few videos on binary logic that I thought were good (older videos so you might to scroll a bit). Some of their videos are hit or miss but there are certain presenters where you just know it's going to be good.
That's the thing about computing. You gotta get an in on all the abstractions. Like wtf is a 0 and a 1 supposed to be. When you see it working on a scale you can see, you start to actually see how things work in a computer.
Minecraft turned out to be a remarkably good way to teach this generation's youngsters the basics of structural engineering, computation, and logistics. I'm sure that's not what Mr. Persson meant to do, but it's great how the game developed in that way.
@@SteveMould I have always preffered a practical approach to science, that's why i preffered a physics in applications... but i really understand that math is a physics language... you will not get far when one will outrun the other. We need people on both sides of this teeter-totter. we have to swing both ways to keep going further:)
you should use hydrophobic coating inside of the containers and tubes so liquid dont stick inside of them and use distilled water or some other kind of fluid that can flow better
In middle school I forgot about finishing my science fair project, and seeing it was due on that day, I rushed to make an analog water computer to determine the weather. If you go outside and it is raining, then it is rain today. It was a very simple design.
@@ethaphu5589 but like people can play DOOM on a pregnancy test people can play Bad Apple using discord alone he can definitely play something on there, as long as it's better than apple products
@@youareoneant No he can't, you can't compare discord and pregnancy tests with a transistor based solely in water and gravity. I'm too lazy to state arguments but anyway: (still does it) It would be too hard to display it; It's been a long time since I have watched that video, but that's like, 6 transistors? 6 transistors that take up a huge amount of space and that needs up to 7 seconds for the water inside it to flow, Even if it was as big as a building, it would be impossible, just because something is said to be a computer it doesn't mean it can do complex tasks like playing Doom, it is exclusively demonstrative.
This is so cool. My uncle, Bill Horton, did a ton of early research on fluidics and the fields use in computing, he would have loved to see this and how accessible it is to people.
This seriously just made me understand the part of computers that I could never quite grasp. 35 years of not understanding _why_ the gate system that computers use works, all answered in sixteen and a half minutes. And now that I understand, I can hardly believe I didn't before. I honestly feel that my life is about to get way easier, thank you for that
Yeah it's why I took a bunch of computer architecture classes and stuff in college. I really wanted to understand how things work all the way down. It's really fascinating.
Spot on this is exactly how you are tau in college, water explains the flow of current through faucets,, the water is there potentially but until you draw it, flow cannot occur same with electricity and logic gate's, in this case it shows both the flow of electrons and the logical outcomes 👍
Well yes but no. So if you add a lot more of these maybe like maybe 500 of those water things you could probably like play minesweeper on it but you would need a screen and electricity but yes. You would just need a room about the size of your mom to house the water computer. (Sorry i just had to make a your mom joke but jokes aside it would work.) And it would be extremely slow, like 1 frame per day.
I'm more of a practical learner so while I understood the purpose of logic gates and what they do in theory, I now have a better understanding of HOW they work. This was perfect for me, thank you.
@@DarkKnightofIT What's even crazier are the people pushing Factorio to its limits. Someone literally built an in-game pixel-based "display" using a ridiculous number of trains and then created a Doom-like 3D engine just using Factorio's ingame components. I'm sure those people can build quantum computers using a box of wooden sticks.
Instead of splitting the lines to make a "10ml" out of a "20ml" you could use a reservoir which can hold 10ml and just use the overrun. That way it can not split unevenly accidentally.
Btw. I think there is a way to turn this into a digital number once again: Once all individual "buckets" have settled, you could put the fluid from each bucket onto a lever scale and put them at the corresponding distance to the center such that their pull on the lever corresponds to their number. So meaning: 8 _ _ _ 4 _ 2 1 | _ _ _ "measure" (maybe with a spring and a ruler). The number 8 corresponds to the fluid in the bucket which has the bit for 8 for example.
As a digital designer of microchips I'd like to say your introduction to adders is one of the best I've seen so far; my high school teacher sucked on the basics like this but luckily I still ended up in IC design :)
Would you mind telling that how to make a simplest computer if I understand transistors and logic gats already. In other words, how to assign numbers to the logic gates
@@chaudry123 i don't know deep things in this, but in computer 0 and 1 means ~0.5V. So as i think, you just need resistors for that and transformator to get specific amount of V inside your circuit input / output. Like in our PC it's power unit
The leakiness/imperfect function of the gates honestly mimics real transistor behavior more closely. Because modern processors are running their clocks at such high speeds, the amount of time (nanoseconds) it takes for the voltage to rise or fall starts mattering a lot, so instead of reaching 0V for a logical 0, you might only hit 0.2V. by the time the output voltage is actually measured.
This is some really nice work! I actually used the logic gates from this to make my own computer and it ran flawlessly, I don’t know how to thank you enough for this. This also got me into addition calculations of computers as it’s mesmerizing to watch as something works with another thing to get a result
Jokes? OK i can get it as a joke, but that's a brilliant logic interpretation in physical world.If you get this, you will have no problems understanding logial gates in the future:)
@@ogi22 Regarding the memory leak one, that's maybe similar-ish but not really a real-world equivalent. Memory leaks happen when a subsystem doesn't inform the OS that some part of the memory is free to be used again. So subsystem has nothing to do with the memory, OS still thinks it is being used.
Terry Pratchett did in one of his Discworld stories (Making Money). Probably based on the economic analogue computer mentioned in the video, given its role in the story.
Ever since my Mechanical Engineering degree, I've joked that I wanted to invent the steam lightbulb and the hydraulic TV to put the EEs out of business!
Its not fiction. We made fluidic logical components years ago. Now with 3d prineterss should be happy tine. But youtube continues to censir my message about it.....
Informaticus (2003) had stuff like this. It's from a series of german educational point&click adventures, each focused on a different natural science. In Informaticus you were part of an archeological team who uncovers a lost civilization with knowledge on Logic/Computer Science. While I don't remember a water-powered computer, there was one puzzle that used crystal skulls as optic logic gates. Another puzzle had you program a robot to traverse a 2D labyrinth and there was also Conway's Game Of Life in it.
I've tried this a couple times and used hydrophobic coatings on glass to make outputs cleaner and the system overall more reliable. Steve always has good insights into design! that's why I love this channel and come back to older vids
As a holder of a computer science degree and a software professional, this is damn fascinating. Thank you! "I've always wondered what the volume of a 1 is" - Priceless commentary
For those of us that were in high school in the 80s this brought back a lot of memories. I am a software engineer now and it all started with something like this.
2:33 and that is what in electronics we call as timing and propagation issues. Electrical signals also suffer from timing or other problems like jutter and clock skew among others. Lenght of wires, crosstalk, etc.
This is really cool. One thing I've always wanted to see somebody do is make an actual circuit that uses the hydrological equivalents to passive electrical components like textbooks always use to familiarize you with them. That is, use a narrow section of pipe or tubing in place of a resistor, use a flexible diaphragm that flexes back or forth as a capacitor. And use a weighted water wheel or turbine as an inductor. I've always wanted to see somebody try making something like an RLC circuit that oscillates at a specific frequency when energy is added in the form of voltage or current. OR in the case of the water circuit, by water pressure or flow. Which are the equivalents of voltage and current, respectively.
@@Krokodil986 They meant before the video came out, some TH-camrs post teaser images on sites like Twitter, so without context that it's a water computer, just seeing the picture they thought it looked like logic gates. Obviously with the context of knowing that it's a water computer it becomes obvious that they are.
So I just recently found your videos, and this one interested me, because I'm technically in my second year of college, taking IT-security courses, I learned about binary and it got me thinking on how this would work if I wanted to use this to identify different complete octets. Thank you for this amazing video and reactivating my brain with what I have learned recently!
The irony in the poster behind Matt that says "Education works best when all the parts are working" while showing three interlocking gears, I guess it truly does represent the education system.
@@HarnaiDigital u are missing the point. A decent school always teach with experiment, but even with experiment, it's actually hard to explain this concept.
@@prumchhangsreng979 yes. You have a perfect point. Let me tell you something. There are different modes of education. Speaking, Books, Experiments, pdfs and videos. But most beautiful and easy one is video. It helps to share much more knowledge with in matter of minutes if done right. Maybe you can check my videos on that once and leave your Thoughts. The place where I'm living, we don't do experiments. Just freaking study and test. I hate this a lot.
A brilliant display of logic circuits at work. I plan to use this in my class :) Just a technical correction, at 6:50 the full adder will have an OR gate instead of a XOR on the left (in the end). In other words, the Cout would come out of an OR instead XOR.
6:53 The result should be 0 and the carry 1, you did the opposite. Result: (1 xor 0) xor 1 = 1 xor 1 = 0 Carry: (1 & 0) xor ( (1 xor 0) & 1) = 0 xor ( 1 & 1) = 0 xor 1 = 1 We can also do the addition in binary: 1 + 0 + 1 = 10 => result 0, carry 1.
I noticed the same thing. I just wanted to follow the logic out of curiosity and was surprised when I got the opposite outputs. Turns out, the logic gates were formed correctly and the arithmetic was wrong 😂
You have such a gift for communicating complicated information. I’m a materials engineering student - I work every day with quantum mechanics and semiconductor materials and crystal lattices and other stuff in that realm that you’ve covered on the channel. But this video is the only one I’ve watched on the educational side of youtube that has explained logic gates and binary addition in a way that doesn’t make my head spin. Cheers!
While watching your video I actually came up with an idea of as to how to make a classic transistor using only water. Perhaps you could take a normal tube with a propeller in the middle which is supposed to act as a pump. The water from the first input comes directly into the center of the propeller, meaning that it won't be able to spin it much, but a second current of water comes tangent to another propeller that is coaxial with this one, meaning that both inputs have to have water flowing through them to have water at the output.
A year ago I thought about making a water computer, but i couldn't develop a configuration for some logical ports. Seeing your design just blew my mind.
"Empty your mind, be formless. Shapeless, like water. If you put water into a cup, it becomes the cup. You put water into a bottle and it becomes the bottle. You put it in a teapot, it becomes the teapot. Now, water can flow or it can be used to build a computer. Be water, my friend." -Bruce Lee
This is an awesome implementation. Perfect way to demonstrate how the computer works. Just one correction: at 6:53, the next column value should be 0 instead of 1 (1011 + 1001 = 10100).
@@rjrmonkey Good job scrolling to find instead of repeating Paryank's comment! If everyone followed your etiquette, TH-cam videos would have about 1/3 to 1/2 the number of comments with time required to read the comments reduced by the same fraction!
@@motttta You're in for a treat. Tau is another Greek letter that in this context represents a value that is twice the value of pi. There is a long-standing "feud" between Steve and Matt (or Matt and Steve, depending on your allegiance) as to which is the better mathematical constant. Numberphile did a couple of videos: the first with Professor Moriarty, th-cam.com/video/83ofi_L6eAo/w-d-xo.html, followed shortly by Steve and Matt, th-cam.com/video/ZPv1UV0rD8U/w-d-xo.html
@@andrewberryman4957 @Motta Not to forget ViHart, who even has a playlist dedicated to Pi and Anti-Pi videos ;) th-cam.com/play/PL5F03A9D6D278C5D9.html
So, I did the math, and it turns out it would take about 20,048,773 of these water-powered logic gates to be able to run Doom. Better start firing up that 3D printer. How you'd get that to show up on a screen is beyond me, but I'm sure you could figure it out. Have fun!😊
@@adrianbundy3249 Oh, it'd be much, _much_ worse than that. If one instruction takes 20 seconds, and we assume the kind of machine Doom was written for needed 15MIPS to run the game, then one second of gameplay would take 300 million seconds, or about _ten years_ to calculate on this thing.
Maybe something less computationally overwhelming like Tic-Tac-Toe or Tetris could be achievable (maybe). In tetris, it could be helpful that both water and the tetrinimos want to fall down. Who know? Fill the gates with more saturated color and that can be out display!!!!
This is the best and easiest explanation of how a pc works. This should be the first lesson of computer engineering. if I had this easy to follow visual guide when i was 14 it would have saved me years of questions.
@@stephencoles5991 It was a rookie mistake. Steve could've attracted a lot more kids to learn about computer logic if he put Minecraft somewhere in the title or video.
@@techboywitha7887 In theory you could run any language on it, given enough computing power and a structure similar to modern computers. In practice? Extremely basic assembly.
6:58 I'm pretty sure the 2 outputs at the bottom should be swapped. I just started at it for 5 min trying to make sense of it. The 1 should be carried and the 0 should be on bottom. Love your vids dude!!!
The outputs are fine. The arrows are wrong. The top arrow should be pointing at the 1, and the bottom one should be circling around it to the carried 0.
@@PerseusMax Hey, no the arrows are fine, the outputs are wrong. In Binary 1011 + 1001 = 10100 , so what happens is where the left output arrow is pointing there should be a 1, and where the right output arrow shows, there should be a 0
This is so cool. Somebody needs to make this into a larger public interaction art instalation. Extra points if you could include elements of laminar flow.
2:02 Steve: "One slight issue with the flow rate is..." Matt: (Eyebrows rise, grin begins to spread, and wheels to a joke start racing.) Editor: Cuts away before Matt makes some obvious joke about "issues with Steve's flow rate."
Dude, this can help learning computer processing so much in future I feel like some people don't realize how big affect this can have for people who will learn computer processing and stuff about computers in general. It can make learning so easier and helps understanding very well since you see example and have pepper explanation
While trying to figure out exactly how the full adder works, I realized that there's a mistake in this (6:50) diagram. On the second column, the answer should be zero and the carry should be one, not the other way around.
Yh.I noticed it. I thought I was wrong at first. I had to redo it several times and even after getting the same answer each time, I had to check the comments. Lol.
You can do an ancillary video about fluidics. The military actually built control systems with complex logic gates that operated in line with hydraulic fluid to perform ratio, multiplication and division operations that resulted in dynamic control surfaces that adjusted force output based upon input parameters like airspeed, inertial forces and pilot input. These were early attempts at making logic based control systems that would be immune to EMP in nuclear war. What they looked like was tall stacks of thin steel plates with channels cut in them, separated by gaskets, where the inputs and outputs where holes passing into adjacent plates on one side or the other. The whole thing was filled with hydraulic fluid at pressure, and the flow thru the various inputs controlled by valves and regulators, with the flow either resulting in greater or lesser hydraulic flow to the control surfaces.
As I understand typical fails happen because of a) splitting water in half as your siphon results in 20 ml instead of 10 b) leftovers in the bottom section Which results in less than 10 ml input in later cells. So I had an idea to manage this without Y-split tubes: you can vary the with of the cells and double it in each iteration so your "1" in second layer will be 20ml, in third 40ml and so on. But the projection you show on camera would be the same. Besides you can decrease the width by 5% to compensate the leftovers. P.S. instead of Y-tubes you could also use the siphons with output on half-height to precisely get 10 ml of 20.
I’ve been wanting someone to do this for the longest time. Basically make an electronic device but using water instead of electricity. This is the beginning of that. I’m so excited.
They made both pressurized water and pressurized air computers. In both cases they used the "stickiness" of both fluids. The gates were Y shaped and at the junction there was an "input" on both sides to push the fluid to the left and right.
when under pressure, fluids behave quite similar to electrical current. All basic equations (including many differential equations) still work. pressure = potential pressure drop = voltage flow rate = current thin pipe=resistor reservoir=capacitor long straight pipe = somewhat of an inductor (resists change in flow rate)
So I made a joke in the comments on matt's video about some work I did in my MPhys degree involving water based transistors. It was a while ago so my memory was foggy but I think I'll share what I can! Our setup was actually very different, they were made from a plastic cylinder with a rubber tube passing through it. The source goes into the rubber tube, the drain comes out of it. The trick comes when we fill the rest of the cylinder with water and connect it to a tank representing a gate! It applies pressure on the tube, clamping it down and stopping the flow. You could easily adjust the pressure by either filling/emptying the tank or by changing its height relative to the transistor. It mimics a field effect transistor pretty accurately! The study I worked on was less about how the setup compared to a electrical one and more about some strange turbulent flow that happened at certain settings and some assymetry between raising and lowering the gate but that stuff's not relevant to the video at all and I don't remember the details too well...
Oh my god , this is seriously thought provoking video, it really tells u to understand concepts clearly and then having fun with it Like -> fluids+ binary+basic arithmetic ~ insanity
Oh, that's why it's called overflow! 😄 Such non-electric computers are very cool! Because you can see that the magic box actually works terribly trivially.
Terry Pratchett would be proud. One of the characters in his book 'Making Money' creates a water computer simulation of an economy with some resulting Borges map / pseudo quantum entanglement shenanigans.
It runs H₂OS
The sponsor is Brilliant: The first 200 people to sign up at brilliant.org/stevemould will get 20% off an annual subscription.
Ha ha ha
sulfanol?
I think it's the video that's brilliant, not the sponsor.
@@williambrooks5129 videos can be uploaded and not made public right away.
Scheduled video
I love how an overflow error literally results in an overflow of water.
You gotta flush the buffer of bits!
exactly lol
was thinking the same
Got some current leakage going on, too.
He's letting the carry litterally and figuratively 'overflow' into the next bit slot x'] just genius
@@srtghfnbfg literally*
I think this would work a lot better with mercury; it’s not as sticky.
Well you would say that!
Time to explore another mine
First time I’ve seen you in the wild cody
and then you could place electric pads in the tanks and have mercury switch's turn lights on or off..
@@vk3hau this is sounding really cool now
Man, seeing the siphons finally pass over the threshold, and start dumping out their contents... is so satisfying
hi cary! :D
indeed
This is the perfect video for someone like you lol
Its Cary Kangaroo Holder!
That's what she said... and he said
Oh, I've never actually understood how logic gates work with binary addition before. I "learned" it in school, but never understood. This is such a clear explanation. Thank you!
ComputerPhile has done a few videos on binary logic that I thought were good (older videos so you might to scroll a bit). Some of their videos are hit or miss but there are certain presenters where you just know it's going to be good.
thanks to no one😡😡😡😡😡😡😡😡
no pun intended?
That's the thing about computing. You gotta get an in on all the abstractions. Like wtf is a 0 and a 1 supposed to be. When you see it working on a scale you can see, you start to actually see how things work in a computer.
It's weird seeing my same minecraft Redstone circuits made from water and actually understanding what's going on
Minecraft turned out to be a remarkably good way to teach this generation's youngsters the basics of structural engineering, computation, and logistics. I'm sure that's not what Mr. Persson meant to do, but it's great how the game developed in that way.
same
Right!? I'm remembering my initial redstone days building one of these
Yes
Yeeah let's go redstone engineers
12:54 "We're gonna keep collabing until we get to a million"
Quick! Nobody subscribe!
Plan backfires
Lol
@@SteveMould Plan successfully failed
Nice profile pic!
@@SteveMould I have always preffered a practical approach to science, that's why i preffered a physics in applications... but i really understand that math is a physics language... you will not get far when one will outrun the other. We need people on both sides of this teeter-totter. we have to swing both ways to keep going further:)
you should use hydrophobic coating inside of the containers and tubes so liquid dont stick inside of them and use distilled water or some other kind of fluid that can flow better
or just add detergent to water... (lower the surface tension)
Liquid hydrogen
Hydro-
Hydropho- pho-
Hydrophobic
*CANCELED*
Just rain-x everything, for sure.
yeas
In middle school I forgot about finishing my science fair project, and seeing it was due on that day, I rushed to make an analog water computer to determine the weather. If you go outside and it is raining, then it is rain today. It was a very simple design.
what was your grade? xD
@@philiproler5572 It snowed. :(
one of the mean girls did this
@@philiproler5572 It was a joke.
@@NetEnlade damn thats unfortunate xD
"I have a water computer"
"Cool, do you mean water-cooled?"
"No"
@Fontecha Diesel Hayden r/ihadastroke
No but seriously, ar you ok?
2^8 + 2^3 + 2^0th like
Initially i thought the same🤣
I had a good laugh in this one, thank you
XD
Gamers: I have liquid cooled pc
Steve: I HAVE LIQUID PC
liquid binary calculator
Yeah, but Steve surely isint a gamer because there's no way he can play something with that lol
@@ethaphu5589 but like
people can play DOOM on a pregnancy test
people can play Bad Apple using discord alone
he can definitely play something on there, as long as it's better than apple products
@@youareoneant No he can't, you can't compare discord and pregnancy tests with a transistor based solely in water and gravity. I'm too lazy to state arguments but anyway: (still does it)
It would be too hard to display it;
It's been a long time since I have watched that video, but that's like, 6 transistors? 6 transistors that take up a huge amount of space and that needs up to 7 seconds for the water inside it to flow, Even if it was as big as a building, it would be impossible, just because something is said to be a computer it doesn't mean it can do complex tasks like playing Doom, it is exclusively demonstrative.
@@youareoneant Don't be naive
13:45 this one scene just did more for me to understand computers and why they work, visually, than any other video on the internet. I get it now.
"have you tried turning it off and on again?"
"Yeah standby"
*tips the computer upside down*
if it works, it works!
That 'wet inside' on the thumbnail is amazing, there's some serious meme potential there
It's a "sbubby", there are a lot of different ones
@@pastek957 yeah, I'm on the sub Reddit, just wet inside has a nice ring, like the good old 'dead inside' sbubby
I can agree to that 😂
I'd buy a sticker with wet inside on it! For my water cooled computer that I (don't) own of course!
Uwu
Bringing a brand new meaning to "integer overflow"
OR STACK OVERFLOW #AMIRITE
came here to make the same joke
Ok, but I was actually hoping one of them would make that joke
But integer overflow is not really this concept tho, more like short circuits?
@@ca-ke9493 huh? When your number is greater than 31, the water will literarily overflow from the left bucket. Can't get any more clear cut than that.
This is so cool. My uncle, Bill Horton, did a ton of early research on fluidics and the fields use in computing, he would have loved to see this and how accessible it is to people.
This seriously just made me understand the part of computers that I could never quite grasp. 35 years of not understanding _why_ the gate system that computers use works, all answered in sixteen and a half minutes. And now that I understand, I can hardly believe I didn't before.
I honestly feel that my life is about to get way easier, thank you for that
I even just understood the concept of 1 and 0 bits, very awesome way of connecting the digital to the physical world
Yeah it's why I took a bunch of computer architecture classes and stuff in college. I really wanted to understand how things work all the way down. It's really fascinating.
Spot on this is exactly how you are tau in college, water explains the flow of current through faucets,, the water is there potentially but until you draw it, flow cannot occur same with electricity and logic gate's, in this case it shows both the flow of electrons and the logical outcomes 👍
The real question is: "Can it run Doom?"
I was hoping I'm not the only one.
**BFG Division** Slowly gets louder and louder.
Well yes but no.
So if you add a lot more of these maybe like maybe 500 of those water things you could probably like play minesweeper on it but you would need a screen and electricity but yes. You would just need a room about the size of your mom to house the water computer. (Sorry i just had to make a your mom joke but jokes aside it would work.)
And it would be extremely slow, like 1 frame per day.
@@fregtz735 well yes but no . This is just a very basic alu to make a programmable computer you would need memory and instruction set
Yes, but it would be the slowest game ever.
Wet® Inside
Pshhh, after watching this video... Same.
Your pfp goes so well with this
[INSERT JOKE ABOUT HARD DISK]
@@bhutwheyttherismor86 you alright mate? Cuz you sound so sus
@@f-seal7193 sussy🤣🤣😂🤣😂😂😂😂🤣🤣😂🤣😂😂😂
I'm more of a practical learner so while I understood the purpose of logic gates and what they do in theory, I now have a better understanding of HOW they work. This was perfect for me, thank you.
All of this boolean logic really makes me want to pee.
but most of all, samy is my hero
but most of all, samy is my hero(really i mean it)
Hey you finally remembered your channel's password! Seriously though when are you gonna resume making videos?
holy shit i wasn’t expecting you here
Yay Samy!!!
0:04 That is the look of a man who spent weeks building a water computer
and it has water cooling too
@@nou4898 built in
🤣
Fun fact: Someone actually built a fully functional computer in Dwarf Fortress using the game's water simulation and thousands of crafted parts.
Dear God...
RIP that dude's free time.
@@DarkKnightofIT What's even crazier are the people pushing Factorio to its limits. Someone literally built an in-game pixel-based "display" using a ridiculous number of trains and then created a Doom-like 3D engine just using Factorio's ingame components.
I'm sure those people can build quantum computers using a box of wooden sticks.
@@SaHaRaSquad someone also used conways game of life which is apparently turing complete to "play" tetris after building a virtual tetris machine.
Both the creator of Dwarf Fortress and its players are insane and I love em for it.
Link?
A memory leak 😂
I've watched a lot of your puns Matt bit I've never laughed this hard!
It's not only that one pun - all the CS terminology about buckets, overflow, leaks, etc. really feed into the *excellent* humor.
It's almost like early computer scientists needed analogue metaphors to describe how computers worked...
Instead of splitting the lines to make a "10ml" out of a "20ml" you could use a reservoir which can hold 10ml and just use the overrun. That way it can not split unevenly accidentally.
I was thinking the exact same thing! Make it go through a tube on the side of the tank raised by the exact amount and you're good without spills
@@AlxM96 Isaac Newton's water clock worked this way.
You've got a memory leak 😂
Top comment in the making
That's water damage
I was waiting for an overflow error
He might need to flush cache
I read that with a melody of "You got a friend in me", works surprisingly well.
Btw. I think there is a way to turn this into a digital number once again: Once all individual "buckets" have settled, you could put the fluid from each bucket onto a lever scale and put them at the corresponding distance to the center such that their pull on the lever corresponds to their number. So meaning: 8 _ _ _ 4 _ 2 1 | _ _ _ "measure" (maybe with a spring and a ruler). The number 8 corresponds to the fluid in the bucket which has the bit for 8 for example.
Great idea! Now we only need a way to do the opposite.
As a digital designer of microchips I'd like to say your introduction to adders is one of the best I've seen so far; my high school teacher sucked on the basics like this but luckily I still ended up in IC design :)
Would you mind telling that how to make a simplest computer if I understand transistors and logic gats already. In other words, how to assign numbers to the logic gates
@@chaudry123 i don't know deep things in this, but in computer 0 and 1 means ~0.5V. So as i think, you just need resistors for that and transformator to get specific amount of V inside your circuit input / output. Like in our PC it's power unit
@@chaudry123U set the pin to high or low, like 5V or what the datasheet of the transistor says
@@chaudry123 watch nand to tetris series they start from transistors and move on to make a custom computer and a tetris game
Well, technically this explanation sucked even more, but that is simply because it runs on siphons.
“What are your specs?”
“I have a water computer”
“Water cooling?”
“Did i stutter?”
I can't see without my specs!
Flexes with 3 calculations per minute
this computer has 13 bits of memory
4 bit
Can it run Doom?
Finally, my future computer will no longer be water cooled but water itself.
But what if it falls over then you have to scoop it back in
Your profile pic is fucking terrifying
Wtf is your profile pic man?!
@@baliart908 what happens when the human centipede gets hungry?
To answer those who are questioning my pfp:
It's me! Sillys. :)
The leakiness/imperfect function of the gates honestly mimics real transistor behavior more closely. Because modern processors are running their clocks at such high speeds, the amount of time (nanoseconds) it takes for the voltage to rise or fall starts mattering a lot, so instead of reaching 0V for a logical 0, you might only hit 0.2V. by the time the output voltage is actually measured.
"you've got a memory leak"
Laughed so hard at this that people came to see what the hell was going on XD
Q: But can you get a stack overflow?
A: Yes, but you'd have to run an injection attack.
The second from the left only had 0.8 bits in it.
Memory leak: "I've never been so proud of such an easy joke." :)
Need to get Cody and his supply of Mercury. Won't wet the glass so no failures from trapped water
I wonder if one of those hydrophobic sprays would do the trick too.
@@23Scadu that would absolutely improve the performance.
@@23Scadu better get Rhett and Link on that part. Greatest crossover in history.
A Mercury Computer 😲 That would be soo cool!
You could also couple this with an electric switch system because of the conductivity of mercury.
👍
This is some really nice work! I actually used the logic gates from this to make my own computer and it ran flawlessly, I don’t know how to thank you enough for this. This also got me into addition calculations of computers as it’s mesmerizing to watch as something works with another thing to get a result
"What does your water computer do?"
"It computes water."
"Oh."
this made me laugh
It computes drip 🥶🥶
9:55
As a computer scientist, I highly appreciate this series of jokes.
Jokes? OK i can get it as a joke, but that's a brilliant logic interpretation in physical world.If you get this, you will have no problems understanding logial gates in the future:)
@@ogi22 but that's not how memory leaks physically work :)
@@ogi22 :)
@@khodis2002 it is now
@@ogi22 Regarding the memory leak one, that's maybe similar-ish but not really a real-world equivalent. Memory leaks happen when a subsystem doesn't inform the OS that some part of the memory is free to be used again. So subsystem has nothing to do with the memory, OS still thinks it is being used.
Whoa, any fiction authors that like to incorporate "hydraulic computers" into their steampunk inspired story line, here's something for ya.
Terry Pratchett did in one of his Discworld stories (Making Money). Probably based on the economic analogue computer mentioned in the video, given its role in the story.
Ever since my Mechanical Engineering degree, I've joked that I wanted to invent the steam lightbulb and the hydraulic TV to put the EEs out of business!
Who needs a pump?
Its not fiction. We made fluidic logical components years ago. Now with 3d prineterss should be happy tine. But youtube continues to censir my message about it.....
@Electro_blob 2 Idont know. Probably because i mentioned it was produced in USSR.
This could turn into a crazy puzzle in a game in some ancient temple dedicated to some advanced people to open a door.
Informaticus (2003) had stuff like this. It's from a series of german educational point&click adventures, each focused on a different natural science. In Informaticus you were part of an archeological team who uncovers a lost civilization with knowledge on Logic/Computer Science. While I don't remember a water-powered computer, there was one puzzle that used crystal skulls as optic logic gates. Another puzzle had you program a robot to traverse a 2D labyrinth and there was also Conway's Game Of Life in it.
crystal maze? 😁
Fuck it, DnD dungeon puzzle time
@@zenmode3125 YEEAAHHH
Me with my 1 semester of computer engineering class knowledge
This is taking Liquid Cooled™ to a whole new level
It is only the next logical step
Liquid driven
The trademark is giving me ominous vibes
@@DTG4844 the trademark was the cherry on top wym®
Well... It's not Liquid Cooling... It's Liquid Core!
I hope they don't stop doing videos together once they get to 1 million. They work well together
Dont worry, they are friends and do stand up together too.
I've tried this a couple times and used hydrophobic coatings on glass to make outputs cleaner and the system overall more reliable. Steve always has good insights into design! that's why I love this channel and come back to older vids
As a holder of a computer science degree and a software professional, this is damn fascinating. Thank you!
"I've always wondered what the volume of a 1 is" - Priceless commentary
Have you done any assembly language programming?
@@dannygjk A fair bit in college, but it's been a few years. x86 and some ARM.
For those of us that were in high school in the 80s this brought back a lot of memories. I am a software engineer now and it all started with something like this.
2:33 and that is what in electronics we call as timing and propagation issues. Electrical signals also suffer from timing or other problems like jutter and clock skew among others. Lenght of wires, crosstalk, etc.
This is really cool. One thing I've always wanted to see somebody do is make an actual circuit that uses the hydrological equivalents to passive electrical components like textbooks always use to familiarize you with them. That is, use a narrow section of pipe or tubing in place of a resistor, use a flexible diaphragm that flexes back or forth as a capacitor. And use a weighted water wheel or turbine as an inductor. I've always wanted to see somebody try making something like an RLC circuit that oscillates at a specific frequency when energy is added in the form of voltage or current. OR in the case of the water circuit, by water pressure or flow. Which are the equivalents of voltage and current, respectively.
Oh my gosh. I saw the photo you posted and was like “huh that looks like a logic gate of some kind.”
Same here :D
I mean if it's a computer how else can you manipulate bits
@@Krokodil986 They meant before the video came out, some TH-camrs post teaser images on sites like Twitter, so without context that it's a water computer, just seeing the picture they thought it looked like logic gates. Obviously with the context of knowing that it's a water computer it becomes obvious that they are.
@@DreadKyller oh right, I thought he meant the thumbnail of the video rather than the photo from before 😂
Charles Babbage would be proud of this I reckon. If Babbage's computers have a steampunk vibe then this must be aquapunk.
Ada Lovelace would probably be able to figure out the decimal input.
This reminds me trying to made a calculator in Minecraft during middle school! Absolutely enjoying it!
So I just recently found your videos, and this one interested me, because I'm technically in my second year of college, taking IT-security courses, I learned about binary and it got me thinking on how this would work if I wanted to use this to identify different complete octets. Thank you for this amazing video and reactivating my brain with what I have learned recently!
The irony in the poster behind Matt that says "Education works best when all the parts are working" while showing three interlocking gears, I guess it truly does represent the education system.
I remember seeing the same poster in high school and making the same joke. Guess nothing's changed...
That was featured in Matt's book, Humble Pi.
Probably the irony isn't lost on Matt either
@@anderpanders6210 Oh no, it definitely isn't, in his book "Humble Pi" he wrote a section talking about that 3-gear diagram.
Oh, I KNOW! This was SO distracting! It's a functional stand-still!
"He puts a lot of efforts to show that 9+5= 8+4+2" That killed me.😂
Me too hahaha My $0.30 keychain calculator can do better than that
Just remember a lot of public school teachers have issues trying to explain a concept like this
@@benoliver5593 yep. Schools, colleges and Universities sucks. Books are super boring. Experiments are Cool and Informative.
@@HarnaiDigital u are missing the point. A decent school always teach with experiment, but even with experiment, it's actually hard to explain this concept.
@@prumchhangsreng979 yes. You have a perfect point. Let me tell you something. There are different modes of education. Speaking, Books, Experiments, pdfs and videos. But most beautiful and easy one is video. It helps to share much more knowledge with in matter of minutes if done right. Maybe you can check my videos on that once and leave your Thoughts. The place where I'm living, we don't do experiments. Just freaking study and test. I hate this a lot.
It's always a sign of a well working computer when you're cheering on it to get the correct answer.
I used to do that on my Celeron. lol
@@electronash Would have thought that would be a 1994 Pentium.
A brilliant display of logic circuits at work. I plan to use this in my class :) Just a technical correction, at 6:50 the full adder will have an OR gate instead of a XOR on the left (in the end). In other words, the Cout would come out of an OR instead XOR.
Bruh that "Wet Inside" name was on point
Yes right?! 😂
6:53 The result should be 0 and the carry 1, you did the opposite.
Result: (1 xor 0) xor 1 = 1 xor 1 = 0
Carry: (1 & 0) xor ( (1 xor 0) & 1) = 0 xor ( 1 & 1) = 0 xor 1 = 1
We can also do the addition in binary:
1 + 0 + 1 = 10 => result 0, carry 1.
Thanks, I have been searching for this comment
I noticed the same thing. I just wanted to follow the logic out of curiosity and was surprised when I got the opposite outputs. Turns out, the logic gates were formed correctly and the arithmetic was wrong 😂
Was just going to say the same lol
Plot twist: he made the mistake on purpose to test the viewers
@Felix Jove
Maybe he did. He did say he wasn’t gonna explain it and to feel free to pause of we want to ponder it
You have such a gift for communicating complicated information. I’m a materials engineering student - I work every day with quantum mechanics and semiconductor materials and crystal lattices and other stuff in that realm that you’ve covered on the channel. But this video is the only one I’ve watched on the educational side of youtube that has explained logic gates and binary addition in a way that doesn’t make my head spin. Cheers!
While watching your video I actually came up with an idea of as to how to make a classic transistor using only water.
Perhaps you could take a normal tube with a propeller in the middle which is supposed to act as a pump. The water from the first input comes directly into the center of the propeller, meaning that it won't be able to spin it much, but a second current of water comes tangent to another propeller that is coaxial with this one, meaning that both inputs have to have water flowing through them to have water at the output.
"Someone must be slowing the system down mining for bitcoin" I almost lost my food on that one with an audible laugh
"I think someone's using this to mine bitcoin and it's slowing everything down"
Brilliant.
i just clicked to comment the "wet inside" from the thumbnail is stupendously amazing, i love it
A year ago I thought about making a water computer, but i couldn't develop a configuration for some logical ports. Seeing your design just blew my mind.
"Empty your mind, be formless. Shapeless, like water. If you put water into a cup, it becomes the cup. You put water into a bottle and it becomes the bottle. You put it in a teapot, it becomes the teapot. Now, water can flow or it can be used to build a computer. Be water, my friend."
-Bruce Lee
What I'm hearing is someone needs to make logic gates based on kung fu moves.
@cukkoo cukkoo Lmao
@@vigilantcosmicpenguin8721 how tf does that even work
Steve lee
@@anduro7448 maybe a roundhouse kick if it's 1 AND 1 and a half kick if it's 0 AND 1 or something like that
This is an awesome implementation. Perfect way to demonstrate how the computer works. Just one correction: at 6:53, the next column value should be 0 instead of 1 (1011 + 1001 = 10100).
I had to scroll so far to find someone mentioning this.
With the carryover to the 4's column being a 1 instead of 0.
@@rjrmonkey Good job scrolling to find instead of repeating Paryank's comment! If everyone followed your etiquette, TH-cam videos would have about 1/3 to 1/2 the number of comments with time required to read the comments reduced by the same fraction!
I scrolled to find this as well, although I thought I was more likely to be stupid than wrong, I'm glad I'm not!
I noticed that too
Bottom of the email: "You were right about tau and I was wrong." Well done, Steve.
And it even appears on 3:14 timestamp. :)
@@umartinko beautiful
What is Tau?
@@motttta You're in for a treat. Tau is another Greek letter that in this context represents a value that is twice the value of pi. There is a long-standing "feud" between Steve and Matt (or Matt and Steve, depending on your allegiance) as to which is the better mathematical constant. Numberphile did a couple of videos: the first with Professor Moriarty, th-cam.com/video/83ofi_L6eAo/w-d-xo.html, followed shortly by Steve and Matt, th-cam.com/video/ZPv1UV0rD8U/w-d-xo.html
@@andrewberryman4957 @Motta Not to forget ViHart, who even has a playlist dedicated to Pi and Anti-Pi videos ;) th-cam.com/play/PL5F03A9D6D278C5D9.html
wow, such an amazing work :) btw at 6:46 I guess there is a mistake in the 2nd column. The result should be 0 and the carry bit 1.
So, I did the math, and it turns out it would take about 20,048,773 of these water-powered logic gates to be able to run Doom. Better start firing up that 3D printer. How you'd get that to show up on a screen is beyond me, but I'm sure you could figure it out. Have fun!😊
I hope you love playing doom on 0.5 FPS. I mean, that would be relying on water drip speed :)
@@adrianbundy3249 Oh, it'd be much, _much_ worse than that. If one instruction takes 20 seconds, and we assume the kind of machine Doom was written for needed 15MIPS to run the game, then one second of gameplay would take 300 million seconds, or about _ten years_ to calculate on this thing.
@@Roxor128
At the original Doom's intended 35FPS, that's 104 days per frame. XD
Maybe something less computationally overwhelming like Tic-Tac-Toe or Tetris could be achievable (maybe).
In tetris, it could be helpful that both water and the tetrinimos want to fall down.
Who know? Fill the gates with more saturated color and that can be out display!!!!
@@adrianbundy3249 0.5 FPS on this !!? Bro you're dreaming, I'd estimate days per frame.
You explained binary to where I, a student studying cyber forensics can now finish my soon to be due assignment. Thanks for the lesson.
Someone: I've got a 800W gold+ power supply, what do you have?
Steve: GRAVITY
This is the best and easiest explanation of how a pc works. This should be the first lesson of computer engineering. if I had this easy to follow visual guide when i was 14 it would have saved me years of questions.
What Steve tried to do: Make a computer out of water
What Steve actually did: Made the most simple Minecraft Redstone explanation video
Adding Minecraft to the title will increase views
@@stephencoles5991 It was a rookie mistake. Steve could've attracted a lot more kids to learn about computer logic if he put Minecraft somewhere in the title or video.
@@WanderTheNomad yes
I clicked on it by curiosity but wait Matt is in it?????
he was in the thumbnail?
Look who's here
Wait.. That's actually snail house.. like what an amazing artist!
Wait what 0.0 i luv ur content pls have a great day :D
no duh
Next step is to outdo Ben Eater: "I built a GPU with my water computer."
doesn't even need cooling, it runs on water!
What's new language to learn to code on this new water computer 🙄
@@techboywitha7887 Java, the answer is fed into a coffee pot.
@@techboywitha7887 In theory you could run any language on it, given enough computing power and a structure similar to modern computers. In practice?
Extremely basic assembly.
6:58 I'm pretty sure the 2 outputs at the bottom should be swapped. I just started at it for 5 min trying to make sense of it. The 1 should be carried and the 0 should be on bottom. Love your vids dude!!!
The outputs are fine. The arrows are wrong. The top arrow should be pointing at the 1, and the bottom one should be circling around it to the carried 0.
@@PerseusMax Hey, no the arrows are fine, the outputs are wrong. In Binary 1011 + 1001 = 10100 , so what happens is where the left output arrow is pointing there should be a 1, and where the right output arrow shows, there should be a 0
@@armandoespinoza7370 Yeah, you are correct. I'm not sure what was going on in my brain...
I laughed way too hard at the "memory leak" joke.
This is so cool. Somebody needs to make this into a larger public interaction art instalation. Extra points if you could include elements of laminar flow.
There is at least one water siphon based clock that I know of. I used to stand in front of it and was just amazed as a child. And an adult, tbh.
2:02
Steve: "One slight issue with the flow rate is..."
Matt: (Eyebrows rise, grin begins to spread, and wheels to a joke start racing.)
Editor: Cuts away before Matt makes some obvious joke about "issues with Steve's flow rate."
Dude, this can help learning computer processing so much in future
I feel like some people don't realize how big affect this can have for people who will learn computer processing and stuff about computers in general. It can make learning so easier and helps understanding very well since you see example and have pepper explanation
I was here only for relaxing dripping water video, now I am a programmer
Lmaoooo😂😂😂😂😂😂😂
OpSec, bro!
I can't stop listening to you say "yay" at the beginning. Idk what it is but you sound like an alien and it's amazing
LOL
Oh man, that’s great haha
While trying to figure out exactly how the full adder works, I realized that there's a mistake in this (6:50) diagram. On the second column, the answer should be zero and the carry should be one, not the other way around.
I noticed this as well.
Yh.I noticed it. I thought I was wrong at first. I had to redo it several times and even after getting the same answer each time, I had to check the comments. Lol.
You can do an ancillary video about fluidics. The military actually built control systems with complex logic gates that operated in line with hydraulic fluid to perform ratio, multiplication and division operations that resulted in dynamic control surfaces that adjusted force output based upon input parameters like airspeed, inertial forces and pilot input. These were early attempts at making logic based control systems that would be immune to EMP in nuclear war. What they looked like was tall stacks of thin steel plates with channels cut in them, separated by gaskets, where the inputs and outputs where holes passing into adjacent plates on one side or the other. The whole thing was filled with hydraulic fluid at pressure, and the flow thru the various inputs controlled by valves and regulators, with the flow either resulting in greater or lesser hydraulic flow to the control surfaces.
A second earlier and Matt's emailed confession about tau would have been at 3:14 !
Damn
Tau sure is nicer. It even sounds nicer than pi. Objectively speaking
@@anderpanders6210 How dare you objectify irrationals, that's mathist. They are all endlessly beautiful.
That "Reset" though, looks more like Memory "Flush". Literally.
XD
Hydrophobic spray for windshields will help with the water sticking to the glass.
As I understand typical fails happen because of
a) splitting water in half as your siphon results in 20 ml instead of 10
b) leftovers in the bottom section
Which results in less than 10 ml input in later cells.
So I had an idea to manage this without Y-split tubes: you can vary the with of the cells and double it in each iteration so your "1" in second layer will be 20ml, in third 40ml and so on. But the projection you show on camera would be the same. Besides you can decrease the width by 5% to compensate the leftovers.
P.S. instead of Y-tubes you could also use the siphons with output on half-height to precisely get 10 ml of 20.
I’ve been wanting someone to do this for the longest time. Basically make an electronic device but using water instead of electricity. This is the beginning of that. I’m so excited.
Check out Turing Tumble. Similar idea that is powered by marbles.
They made both pressurized water and pressurized air computers. In both cases they used the "stickiness" of both fluids. The gates were Y shaped and at the junction there was an "input" on both sides to push the fluid to the left and right.
when under pressure, fluids behave quite similar to electrical current. All basic equations (including many differential equations) still work.
pressure = potential
pressure drop = voltage
flow rate = current
thin pipe=resistor
reservoir=capacitor
long straight pipe = somewhat of an inductor (resists change in flow rate)
I love suddenly understanding terminology and systems that previously was just the mystical side of games like factorio, minecraft, infinifactory etc.
"Wet Inside" LOL, this made my day
The "carried one" getting put at the bottom instead of the top broke me
It was weird to see.
Strange indeed
That seems normal to me. At least, that's how I always did it.
@@clonkex hmm... Are you from the mirror universe?
It's less effort to not carry it all the way to the top.
So I made a joke in the comments on matt's video about some work I did in my MPhys degree involving water based transistors. It was a while ago so my memory was foggy but I think I'll share what I can!
Our setup was actually very different, they were made from a plastic cylinder with a rubber tube passing through it. The source goes into the rubber tube, the drain comes out of it.
The trick comes when we fill the rest of the cylinder with water and connect it to a tank representing a gate! It applies pressure on the tube, clamping it down and stopping the flow. You could easily adjust the pressure by either filling/emptying the tank or by changing its height relative to the transistor. It mimics a field effect transistor pretty accurately!
The study I worked on was less about how the setup compared to a electrical one and more about some strange turbulent flow that happened at certain settings and some assymetry between raising and lowering the gate but that stuff's not relevant to the video at all and I don't remember the details too well...
Interesting to see another take on the same premise. That's impressive.
Oh my god , this is seriously thought provoking video, it really tells u to understand concepts clearly and then having fun with it
Like -> fluids+ binary+basic arithmetic ~ insanity
Oh, that's why it's called overflow! 😄 Such non-electric computers are very cool! Because you can see that the magic box actually works terribly trivially.
teacher: "Do you have a computer"
"Yes"
teacher: "Download zoom on it"
The guy having water computer: "Why am i here, just to suffer"
All you need is maybe a few billion containers and it should be no problem running Windows 😛
Wet inside
Genius Gamer at 0.5 Hz
You should both keep collaborating even after you reach a million subs.
This is the most unique and genius thing I've seen this week. It's miles away from being able to use for solitaire but one step closer!
Computer: exists
Random people: I bet I can make it out of literally anything
Terry Pratchett would be proud. One of the characters in his book 'Making Money' creates a water computer simulation of an economy with some resulting Borges map / pseudo quantum entanglement shenanigans.