HOW IT'S MADE: CPU
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- เผยแพร่เมื่อ 28 ส.ค. 2021
- HOW IT'S MADE: CPU
Technology in recent years has shown much progress. The CPU is but an excellent example of this creative power of technology. To know all about the mechanics of it, all you need is to check out this video.
The insides of CPUs exhibit a whole range of these transistors clubbed together in a fashion that enables them to perform several functions. There are step-by-step processes involved in manufacturing a CPU! Have you wondered how it’s all made?
So, welcome back to How It’s Made and today we are going to show you all the years of engineering that have been put together to make such a masterpiece of computer processors!
Step 1: Sand In The Making Of CPU
Have you ever imagined sand to have any role in the making of your CPU? Sounds odd but this has been one of the principal elements involved in manufacturing such a wonderful thing!
Silicon is an essential chemical element that is required to produce microchips. Since sand contains high levels of silicon, the same is needed for making the microprocessors. Silicon, specifically, silicon dioxide is the foundation ingredient involved in the entire process of manufacturing semiconductors.
The sand in its original form cannot be used for manufacturing semiconductors. The process involved in extracting silicon out of it is called purification whereby the sand has to be heated using Carbon, which acts as a reducing agent in the whole process. The heating separates Carbon Monoxide and Silicon from the sand.
Step 2: The Formation and Slicing of the Ingot
The silicon extracted by heating and purifying sand reaches a polycrystalline state in which it gains certain qualities specific to creating a semiconductor. The silicon in this phase is termed Electronic Grade Silicon.
The Electronic Grade Silicon produced is further utilized for the creation of single-crystal silicon, called Ingot. This ingot is what is used for the manufacturing of chips.
Also known as boule, the Ingot is monocrystalline silicon that appears in a salami-shape bar of silicon. The ingot has a high level of purity with less than .1% of impurities. The ingot produced is ultimately converted to wafers.
The process involved here is slicing. Slicing is done with the help of super speed saws. The ingots are placed under these saws which divide them into thin disc-shaped wafers. Each wafer resembles a dime-like thickness.
Step 3: Wafer Polishing
The wafers produced have uneven surfaces which can lead to several damages. The polishing of wafers thus becomes important. The process involved in polishing wafers is a chemical process, termed Chemical Mechanical Processing.
The Polished wafers exhibit a mirror-like smooth finish, free of any type of unevenness. Polishing also makes the wafers free of unwanted particles that otherwise contaminate it. The result is you get a better quality wafer.
Dicing becomes an easy job once the wafer is free of all uneven subsurfaces. Hence, polishing is necessary.
Step 4: Wafers Are Exposed To UV Light
Exposure to UV light is directly responsible for creating Integrated Circuits as well as computer chips. UV light exposure creates geometric patterns on the surface of the semiconductor wafers and thereby, makes its soluble.
Before exposing the wafers to UV light, they are made to come in contact with a blue liquid which is photo-resisting. As the wafer is spun at high speed, the blue liquid is gradually poured over it in a way that an even layer of the coat covers the whole surface of the wafer.
A third thing involved in this process is a stencil-like substance, called a photomask which has to be aligned with the wafer. The mask contains a lens that is placed in a middle position between the wafer and the mask.
Step 5: Photo Resist Washing And Etching Of The Wafer
While the exposure to UV light makes the material of the silicon wafer soluble, the same is washed off using a chemical solvent. This process is essential to make visible the geometric patterns created on the surface of the silicon wafer.
Once washing is done, the next essential step that is involved in making the CPU is etching. In the case of microfabrication, etching is the process that causes the removal of layers, by dissolving the substrate parts from the surface of the wafers.
Etching is a chemical process done with the help of a chemical solvent. It is a critically unavoidable process. Every wafer is subjected to several steps of etching before they are ready for use.
#howitsmade #cpu #howitsdone
![How does Computer Hardware Work? 💻🛠🔬 [3D Animated Teardown]](http://i.ytimg.com/vi/d86ws7mQYIg/mqdefault.jpg)
Thanks but I'm still confused
I’m a scientist. So I understand everything. Do some research on stuff like silicon. It’s a semi conductor too
@@chrisroyce8252 Ok thanks
Same, they didn’t even put auto subtitles, it’s in Vietnamese.
@@chrisroyce8252 Im a cantaloupe
L I’ll
This video is impressive in the way that it explains so much without explaining anything. Feel like I know less after watching this.
Exactly how I felt.
there are so many problems with this video from the clips that don't go with the narration, to how sand goes directly from beach to boule with carbon, to the chip insertion into a closed socket, to how "better quality chips are faster" (which is a misstatement - higher quality chips can be clocked higher without errors. they aren't inherently faster)
Wow I thinked the same thing.
@@m.t.5571 *thought
@@corex6109 Oh, thank You.
I didn't really learn anything about CPUs are actually made, just watched a bunch of stock videos that generally relate to computers.
Literally, like you’re tripping on acid for 10 minutes
Finally, I can now make my own CPU from sand.
NO YOU CANT!!!
Make a i9 13900K for me please
only if you have a biilion dollars of equipment first tho!
@@mrdeathgaming1457 just do it with tools you can build sand castles lol
You can make one (not like this nano tech CPU) but the challenge and the hard part is the architecture itself.
Seems like this video is made for people who already know how to make a CPU, otherwise it's poorly explained
I thought the same. I felt like a student who was supposed to read about this and missed classes and I didn’t study a thing 😂😂😂
Exactly. Lol
It's to give a general idea, not a substitute to college. Everything is fully explained in the video to share the general idea. L + ratio+ kindergarten + schools teach u the basics to understand taxation + ask ur mama to spoonfeed you
The visuals seem arbitrary and do not explain any of the processes mentioned.
@@bongo8740 go away 12 year old
I'm not a Rocket Scientist, but instead a 45 year veteran of Electronics. I know there are more than 'a few' transistors in a CPU. :)
Yeah billions if I’m not wrong
I kindly suggest anyone reading this to watch cpu power over time.
I don't think it's possible to make a less informative video than this.
Okay, so im glad im not the only one that was like: WUT!?!?!?!?!!
Yeah, but how did we come from stone tools to this?
@Notim and aliens
Dr Stone
I don't think engineers get enough credit
I can give a simple explanation.Someone invented the transistor around 1909.Over time we learned how to make them smaller and smaller and learned how to make them do more and more complex functions.The progress we made increased exponentially every few years.Roughly around double.And over 100 years of that exponential progress is what brings us the modern day electronics we all use.
Iron tools lol
This video is how someone high on bath salts would describe the CPU manufacturing process.
omfg. i laughed so hard at this. 😂
It was so hard to watch that video while trying to envision what the guy was talking about. Almost none of it matched.
Watching this hits the same as watching that episode of rick and morty where they show how to make a plumbus
Lol, I learned nothing from from this.
Technically, your Computer is just a super complex sand castle. the monitor is made of sand and the billions of transistors in all your vital hardware (CPU, GPU, RAM, the motherboard etc) are made out of sand. This means you're an adult, working or playing with sand.
Not only that you're playing with complex sand castle, but also man is made out of sand 🤓
This comment deserve more likes 😂😂
I don't like the sand. It's coarse and rough and irritating. And it keeps crashing my PC !
You describe what the processes are, not why they are used or in that particular order. If you want to make a "how it's made" series, you need to explain why each step is used and, at the very least, discuss either; older technology that the current process replaced, or discuss current alternatives to said process and its pros and cons.
This video is like being told what to program instead of being taught **how** to program. You should focus on the question of "why?" equally, if not, more so than the question of "what?".
what will you do with the information tho?
@@JoJoUchiha07 I'm an engineer. This kind of information is just generally interesting seeing as I work in a similar field (electronics). Engineers like learning about manufacturing techniques and their rationale.
I'd say it's more like a very brief explanation of what a large block of code "does" without explaining how any of it works, and without teaching the person anything about what or how to program. You can't really learn much from this video beyond the fact that CPUs are made from silicon that comes from sand and that UV light is somehow used to carve the silicon.
how to you make a 7nm feature with 300nm UV light?
Its like explaning without explaning. At the not understanding😂😂
Thank you for this video, Steve Jobs said make it round , therefore the circuit goes faster, It lines from inside to outside. Is that correctly noticed by me ? Kind regards
CPU manufacturing is a complicated and interesting process. This video does little to help understand the process as the video clips often don't match the narration, and the stages of the process are not explained very well.
I just notice that my ryzen 7 5700x have no diffused in usa and taiwan, is this have to do with the final testing?
The person who made this video is the person who memories things without understanding.
Anyone else think we as humans have evolved from so much? 75 years ago we were fighting in a war using radios as big as my 3 year old.
This is one of the videos I've watched on youtube.
Needs more detail of the process! If we are watching we are interested, we wanna know how each step works
I feel like there’s no way a human came up with this and was like “let me make a cpu because I know how to make it since I was born”
it was reverse engineered from alien technology
I still how no idea how a CPU works...
Think ones and zeroes like numbers, only one bit has 2 unique combinations. In the computers we can add more bits to increase the unique combinations and treat each one like value or magnitude. Then the computers works only with numbers.
How works in a bit more deep explanation:
1. Program Counter
Computer reads program pointer, that pointer stores the current address of the execution.
2. Then the number of the program pointer goes to the instruction Cache L1 or RAM, the RAM or Cache decoders declares which “department” have the selected instruction and reads it. Hence this regret the stored value.
3. Instruction decoders
Received instruction goes from selected Memory cell to Instruction decoders, which one activates different components or busses depending of the upcoming instruction. Prepares the execution.
4. Data decoders
Computer searches the operands in Data Cache L1 or RAM (the instruction sets the direction) and define inputs.
5. Execute instruction
Selected components receive data to process giving the results with flags.
Add, Subtract, Multiply, Divide, Rest, if x state jump program to y, Halt. Etc.
6. End of cycle
The activated components and busses are closed, and program pointer is increased 1 steep.
In example of executing a program:
1. Read drive to search the program.
2. If it’s ok load to RAM
If not then occurs an error.
3. Then operating system orders instructions and data package in cache to store most frequently accessed variables.
4. Execution if correct.
If not correct then error message.
Too long, but i hope you like it. 😊😂
You write this ؟
@@yoomy_gums ؟
Try checking out TH-camrs like Ben Eater. You can learn loads about how computers work at the chip level.
This is probably the most information dense video I have ever watched. Wow
Also, something about this voice is fascinating. It slips right under my conscious thought. I don't know how to feel about. I can pay focus on it if I try but otherwise I instantly stop recognizing it as speach. It's so even and mellow it starts to sound like a brooke or stream...
I now believe that no one knows how microchips are produced.
More about what they are made of then how's it made, they have chips that have a billion transistors, each one the size of a dna strand, How they do that ?
Very good explanation!
most impressive thing is, A cave man on a beach had a pile of sand and thought hmmm, I can make computer chips with this!!
I just only thought of wafer as a buscuit how nice😂
I came to the comments after watching this to see if I was just being thick... Turns out it's not just me who learned nothing about how a CPU is made 🤣
This narrator made me change video after 30 seconds of watching,
Where is the old one?
This just took a bunch of other videos and mixed them, and the explaination is not that good ._.
Gabriel, I know how you feel. Take a look at the response I gave to ' Oli Oli ' just near your comment. It might help make sense of this. The many many videos I have watched all race by the singular area that needs the most explicit description. But after adding it all up, I may have figured out how they do this thing. It's really simple, but still, not well taught. I still haven't found a single presentation that lays it out understandably. I hope it helps you. 👍
@@markhonea2461 Hi. Thanks for the reply, and I do not usually look for respones to other people's comment, maybe I should to avoid reapeating information. But even if I did, I still wanted to comment what I felt. And the reason for that is because I suck at explaining. Even with an experience I just had, or a dish, or a movie... I lack of skills to explain stuff... therefore I know when something is not well explained and I left this video not understanind 1% more than I had when I came, and I know it had other videos becaus I already sow other videos before this one.
And by no means I want to sound mean, please, do not mix me with toxic comments, that is why I use the ._. expresion, to substract frustration from the comment.
@@born2war ._.
Any else have the Subtitles/Closed-captions turned on?
They're hilarious!
Seriously though, how did they figure this out? How did someone come up with these complex order of operations to figure out how to build the foundation of the computer? This had to have come from alien crafts that were recovered, and reverse engineered. There's no way we came up with this in 1971?????
The people that came up with this process are amazing. I can't believe they gave up all the secrets step by step. Now anyone can do it. Not a smart business move.
Right it only takes billions of dollars of equipment and years and years of driver development
Can you do one on GPU?
Thanks for posting. I had no idea how the CPU is made.
Cool. Thanks for sharing.
So if I’m getting this straight good chips and bad chips can come from the same batch? And they sell them both?
Am I missing something or is that basically just what binning is?
they can make a same chip with 8 cores and 6 cores. they just disable the cores that don't work
some chips made from a wafer have bad circuits on them but are still mostly functional so a very good chip might be say a i9 and a chip with defects might be sold as an i5 think
of a bad chip as small city with lots more road closures than a city with with all roads open...more roads...more traffic!
They've been doing that for decades. Back in the single core days, they would test each chip to see how fast it was and package it accordingly. So a single batch could result in chips that ran at different speeds. That's also why two chips sold as identical usually didn't run at precisely the same speed. If a CPU was sold in speed increments of 50mhz, then say a 500mhz chip might run anywhere from 500-549mhz. It would have to hit a full speed of 550mhz to be sold as such.
@@JMcMillen it doesnt even matter if it runs in 549 instead of 550 right
@@mohammedabb985 Except from a legal standpoint. If their test doesn't show it running at at least 550, it would be false advertising to sell it as such. And no chip company is going to risk the massive class action lawsuit they would get hit with if it was discovered that their chips tested slower than their advertised speed.
Thank you for giving me an idea of how a CPU is made
Basically, we extract or purify a thinking computer from sand or a rock
We tricked a rock Into thinking
Cool now I understand in the pc gaming world what silicon lottery means . My amd 5800x runs hot and needs more cooling than it should I didn’t get very lucky
5:41 "Several" transistors?
Well' I learned absolutely zilch from this video! Thanks for that!
Wait so that other video wasn’t trolling
Yeah it’s magic
dadi ngerti prosese, topp
Ingot is not usually a metal? That is rectangular with / \ sides? Silicone Ingot?
i feel like im in portal 1 with the voice
lol
I still do not understand how CPU processors are actually made!
I’m going to take my cpu to the beach :D
GPU's...? Great video of cpu's.
amazing video
When they flash a new picture in front of you every 2 seconds you know the video is going to be useless. I looked for 30 seconds.
At what step exactly did we give sand the ability to think and process ????
Yes, it is a good explanation
Intel inside kidney outside 😂😂😂😂
Hi
Good Morning
I am Naresh from botad Gujarat india
I intrest make the processor our country how ?
Help me
How straup new ?
Impressive! Most impressive
Aliens.
4:15 edging their skibidi mewing
Interesting content. Thumbs up.
this seems like a video of a dude reading Wikipedia while unrelated stock clips play
...aaand that leaves you with a regular old plumbus!
@04:36 "ANTIMONY" sounded like "anti-money"
Im here cuz i felt like the cpu is a live
Maybe edit your video in a way that you reduce using pictures of videos that does not reflect the part youre explaining. There are so many stock videos here placed incorrectly. Which made me confused
I came without information and went without any information
Take a shot every time he says (wafer)!
I don't know if they had the resources or not, or their video editor didn't know what they're doing. But I don't connect to what he said and what I saw in the video
amazing
Think I lost the thread of that, just after the bit about sand.
man looked at the camera lol
and here i thought i could make my own i9 14900k 💀
AMD Ryzen 7800x3D 💪
song name?
Ok, but how do they make CPU’s?
Um, light switches and vinyl records I believe
At many points, the images make no sense with the narration.
The information that the narrator is saying is good, too bad 1% of the video shots match his narration. The other 99% is just filler and mostly out of order with regards to anything!
Note to self never put the captions on when there’s an accent 😂
im just confused on how the trillions of microscopic transitors are made on a single die
semiconductors should be much cheaper, and processors, due to the prime material being in abundance, and super easy to get. and also with just one plate you get several microprocessors
This is probably the single-worst attempt at explaining how CPUs, or any types of integrated circuits for that matter, are made.
As an electronics engineer I'm acquainted with the specific processes involved, and yet, even I found it very difficult to follow the process in this video. All of the random images that had no correlation with the narration just created a jumbled mess of confusion.
if you found it difficult to understand then you are a terrible electronics engineer
I finally think I get it. No thanks to this video. Or many others.
TL:DR. We put electricity into a rock and made it think.
Making chips with chips... Hmm
I didn't see how they're programmed in this video.
Silicon dioxide is the most common thing in the world I believe.
It'd be a lot cooler if the animations of the pictures actually lined up with the narriation. E.g. you're talking about ion doping while slicing the ingot, talking about photoresist when you're showing wire bonding, talking about etching while showing polishing. Makes no sense.
When a tech guy tells a tech caveman about chips the tech caveman thinks their edible.If somebody tells you"my chips are high end" just know they're not edible.
Hello can I translate your videos to arabic language ? And post it on youtube ?
And we figured it out not long after riding horses.
AMAZING Video THANKS- We should appreciate more all our electronics because they are wonderful tools created to help us in our lives.
its quite a thorough video BUT you all the time proceed to show wafers that are NOT cpu wafers, not even gpu wafers. and some of your b rolls of how its done are straight up in wrong order or one step ahead. a wafer also is not NEARLY AS THICK as a dime, you can BEND a wafer with ease, even its own weigth will bend it. also most wafers are sliced via wire, either moving wire or moving the ingor through wire, last thing is better for raw wafer yield. also the testing you showed is NOT whats used in production, you def. dont wanna throw pieces of broken wafers onto completely fine wafers, thats just a test to determine the grade of the silicon done every so often. the probe needles testing also doesnt check if the wafers meet frequencies at all, it just tests if the transistors block the signal path due to defects. they all respond, its important how loud the response is for binning, if they respond at all for trashing it or not. completely different things. BINNING IS DONE WAY BEFORE PACKAGING AND PACKAGING ALSO HAS NOTHING TO DO WITH THE HEATSPREADER NOR LIQUIDS, if liquids reach your cpu with perfect packaging its fcked too. packaging is done for 2 important parts, so that the customer doesnt f the cpu up and secondly because stacking dies or creating clusters reduces latency which boosts performance. in 1980´s you had add in cpu cache, horrible latency, horrible performance.
How are cpus not a million dollars each??
This made my pimples pop
Achievement unlocked: How did we get here?
Fun fact : CPUs are used to make CPUs
Oh i just build 4bit cpu in Minecraft