I'm sure everybody knows what you meant, but on a mechanical engineering/ materials science perspective, "toughness" is a very specific property. The sapphire is extremely hard, but there are plenty of tougher materials. Hardness relates to the force needed to deform it, while toughness is the amount of energy needed to deform/break it. Extremely hard materials tend to not be very tough materials. Sapphire is actually relatively tough for such a hard material, but just about any metal is tougher. It also doesn't help that the abrasive material they typically use, garnet, is dramatically softer than sapphire. Unless they swapped for silicon carbide, boron carbide, or diamond abrasive and didn't mention it, they're trying to do this cut with a tool that's not appropriate for it.
Sapphire is hard and brittle, not tough. The reason this took so long to cut is because sapphire Mohs hardness is 9 and the garnet mixed in the water that's used to cut it is Mohs 7. The reason they are getting through at all is speed. The original guys of this channel cut a fire hydrant three years ago that took 87 minutes. It took that long because there was a lot of material to cut, even though cast iron is mohs ~4
@@Kaelygon obviously the larger the object the longer the cutting time. but the sapphire was very small compared to that fire hydrant, and as you said it has a Mohs hardness value of 9, and can't actually be scratched by the garnet. the cutting action here is exclusively the sheer force and speed of the garnet chipping off little pieces of the sapphire. if sapphire wasn't "tough" (fracture resistant), as you're suggesting then the garnet impacts should have cut (chipped) it much faster. it would be like cutting quartz or glass.
Hey, gemmologist here, want to clear up some points people have made. Yes, commercially available synthetic sapphire is not that expensive. The material he got was special in that it is as close to optically flawless as possible. Commercial grade synthetic saphs are not optically flawless. Growing large flawless crystals is practically impossible over a smaller size but growing large imperfect ones is rather easy. Phone screens and watch crystals do not need to be flawless either, as long as they are "eye clean" they are good enough.
Agreed. I design 6000m rated deep sea camera and laser scanning equipment that frequently use sapphire viewports. A viewport like that one would typically only run us 500-1000 usd depending on order quantity. Special coatings and purity constraints can ofcourse increase the price considerably.
Yup I used to work with optical grade sapphire, both for windows and lenses as well as lasing crystals, titanium doped. They are red like ruby but lase in the near infrared over a wide wavelength range.❤
I work at a company that makes waterjet, and one customer wanted to use aluminum oxide as their abrasive. We had to get special nozzles, and even then they'd only last about an hour of cutting. But hey, that's what it takes to cut carbide!
Well, the original thumbnail shows the one in the video. Then they asked themselves "You know what this video needs?" - Clickbait. And there is the new thumbnail which is all nice and clickbaity.
I have a number of watches that use an aluminum oxide sapphire crystal to protect the dial. The crystals can be found for very cheap, are used on almost every decently made watch and are basically scratch proof. I also did a search for a sapphire phone screen protector and none other than Shellrus makes one for $65.
Apparently they only started using sapphire crystals for watches in the 1960's. I have a watch case that, I believe, has a hand blown crystal. At least that's what it looks like, as the watch movement was an 1800's fusee.
Its uncanny how many waterjet experts, material scientists, geologists, radar technicians, and military aircraft engineers came out to congregate in this comments section!
That is a sapphire lens blank its used for the dual mode optical system that sees NIR Visible and MWIR imaging set. Specifically it is to the lens that is in the NFOV targeting camera system. Sapphire is used for the objective because it is extremely tough and passes all the necessary wavelengths. The ACS system also uses a large sapphire tube filled with cesium vapor to confuse enemy missiles. 15kW average power and 120kW peak power, designed similar to a sodium vapor lamp tube on steroids ❤
2:30 clean it up, vacuum fill/stabilize it with resin, and cut some stuff out of it. Call Patrick and have him make a ring out of the stabilized antler. But, something cool like ring cut from a 45° cross section of the stabilized antler and a dash of glow powder
Sapphire is not used for radar arrays. Lots of things are transparent to radio waves so radar nose cones are usually some sort of glass composite or plastic. Sapphire IS needed for optical systems because it's obviously clear - but also importantly it transmits light across a much broader spectrum than standard glass. So it can be used for thermal imaging systems as well as UV systems. In the case of the F35 it used for the ETOS system - Electro-Optical Targeting System.
I briefly looked into buying a sapphire lens for a project. I don't remember the size. They were expensive but not OMFG I'll never make that much in a lifetime expensive. After seeing this, I'm guessing much of the expense was in grinding and polishing which must take for freaking ever. I was interested in them for possibly being transparent to UV light unlike most glass...except pure quartz glass which is also expansive but not as bad.
Yup those lenses are not cheap, and small ones are usually good for most uses. They are best for the mid wave IR as an alternative to germanium or znse lenses in tough environments. ❤
I'm an intensifier tech at my work, we use robots with water jet heads to trim fiberglass parts for vehicles. We have 7 old dinosaur 40k flow intensifiers, and just now up grading to the 60ks, we are trialing two right now, an H20 one and a new brand called hypertherm. Love working on them and find them interesting haha, but love your content to, if you have any trouble out of your intensifier give me a call I'll gladly come trouble shoot it and fix it! Sometimes I get soaked like that camera and bout loose a finger when I crack a fitting that didn't bleed the pressure like it was supposed to, but like I said our equipment is old😂
So deserving of your 1m subs! Your all great and work a mean channel. It's been great seeing the channel growing, your editing improving and your personalities coming out and defusing into your videos! Also, as a side note, you two have done great taking over the channel, it must have been really hard and darn right intimidating. I dont think you get enough credit for stepping up and cracking on. Brave lads. Funny lads. Resourceful lads. Thanks for all the content 🙃🤟
Do you have to replace the nozzle on the water jet very often? I would think since the abrasive is flowing through the nozzle it wears out the nozzle too doesn't it?
It depends on what you are cutting I run a water jet every day and the more penetrating you do the faster it wears out but if you cut thick metal with less pierces it lasts a lot longer but lots of piercing wrecks the nozzles fast
@tadenabbink3395 Oh, interesting. So it sounds like it mostly the splash back that deteriorates the nozzle... I thought it would be more like FDM 3D printing with an abrasive material (like carbon fiber filaments) through a standard brass nozzle, where the abrasive filament quickly wears away the inside of the nozzle, drastically widening the opening of the nozzle.
Hey guys, suggestion; to keep your camera and lens safe and clean: Place a sheet/panel of glass or acrylic close to and perpendicular to your camera lens. any/al debris will be deflected/trapped by the panel and not your lens.
So are the lab grown sapphires much less socially adapted due to their isolation in the lab, and lack of exposure to other minerals like it would in nature?
Oh wow!! I totally missed this at the time, didn't realize you'd made a video with these. If you ever want to try a bigger one get in touch, we'll hook you up.
@@SonOfPerditionMedia That was sarcasm. That was this channel's entire reason to exist for years. People would send them things to cut in half every week. Now they do world's heaviest take four, world's hardest cut take four, world's fastest wheel take nine, what happens when you put in the waterjet take seven. They're no longer having fun and it's very sad to see.
@@nanaki-seto He's almost certainly right. I have tons of watches that have sapphire crystals to protect the dials. You can google it, sapphire crystal, they're fairly cheap. *There is a treatment where they apply a sapphire coating to a less scratch resistant mineral crystal so that can also be the case with a phone or some very cheap watches. In fact the company he talked about in the video, Shellrus, makes a sapphire screen protector for $65.
@@nanaki-seto many phones use sapphire in the screen. Its not any better than regular glass tho, breaks just as easily. It is massively more scratch resistant tho.
Probably a question your a bit over - though not sure if it was mentioned at the end of a recent video: Did you guys do an update on what Dan and Mitchell were up to recently?
Many of my watches have lab grown sapphire crystals instead of mineral glass. Fun but useless fact. Rubies and sapphires are the same. Sapphire is actually a crystal structure of corundum, which is a crystal of aluminum oxide....dont ask me how it is formed exactly. Rubies and sapphires are red and blue because of other trace elements that determine the color. The reason I know all this nerdy information is because I find information the most fascinating when it has virtually no tangible impact on my life. 😂
This must be the toughest thing you’ve ever cut right? Anyone remember anything that took longer?
I'm sure everybody knows what you meant, but on a mechanical engineering/ materials science perspective, "toughness" is a very specific property. The sapphire is extremely hard, but there are plenty of tougher materials. Hardness relates to the force needed to deform it, while toughness is the amount of energy needed to deform/break it. Extremely hard materials tend to not be very tough materials. Sapphire is actually relatively tough for such a hard material, but just about any metal is tougher.
It also doesn't help that the abrasive material they typically use, garnet, is dramatically softer than sapphire. Unless they swapped for silicon carbide, boron carbide, or diamond abrasive and didn't mention it, they're trying to do this cut with a tool that's not appropriate for it.
@@markjacobson4248he probably meant hard to do/a lot of effort by toughest, not the materials actual toughness.
@@markjacobson4248 or boron nitride
Sapphire is hard and brittle, not tough. The reason this took so long to cut is because sapphire Mohs hardness is 9 and the garnet mixed in the water that's used to cut it is Mohs 7. The reason they are getting through at all is speed.
The original guys of this channel cut a fire hydrant three years ago that took 87 minutes. It took that long because there was a lot of material to cut, even though cast iron is mohs ~4
@@Kaelygon obviously the larger the object the longer the cutting time. but the sapphire was very small compared to that fire hydrant, and as you said it has a Mohs hardness value of 9, and can't actually be scratched by the garnet. the cutting action here is exclusively the sheer force and speed of the garnet chipping off little pieces of the sapphire. if sapphire wasn't "tough" (fracture resistant), as you're suggesting then the garnet impacts should have cut (chipped) it much faster. it would be like cutting quartz or glass.
Hey, gemmologist here, want to clear up some points people have made. Yes, commercially available synthetic sapphire is not that expensive. The material he got was special in that it is as close to optically flawless as possible. Commercial grade synthetic saphs are not optically flawless. Growing large flawless crystals is practically impossible over a smaller size but growing large imperfect ones is rather easy. Phone screens and watch crystals do not need to be flawless either, as long as they are "eye clean" they are good enough.
Ur mom's eye clean.
This
Agreed. I design 6000m rated deep sea camera and laser scanning equipment that frequently use sapphire viewports. A viewport like that one would typically only run us 500-1000 usd depending on order quantity. Special coatings and purity constraints can ofcourse increase the price considerably.
Yup I used to work with optical grade sapphire, both for windows and lenses as well as lasing crystals, titanium doped. They are red like ruby but lase in the near infrared over a wide wavelength range.❤
"Gemmologist"
Yeah ok, and Im a Space Pirate.
See I can make up jobs to
I work at a company that makes waterjet, and one customer wanted to use aluminum oxide as their abrasive. We had to get special nozzles, and even then they'd only last about an hour of cutting. But hey, that's what it takes to cut carbide!
Finally, the water jet channel actually cutting something on a water jet again
Yeah!
Hey man, ive been enjoying the other stuff too though. Always love when these goobers upload
I feel that
@@landronsc I agree but, I joined this channel years ago when it was the old crew and they just cut stuff.
@@betafishjeremy7454 yeah i was there too, but i dont mind these 2 dinguses
The thumbnail was click bait, yes, but at the same time, I hadn't ever actually seen what a lab-grown sapphire looks like. Cool.
Well, the original thumbnail shows the one in the video. Then they asked themselves "You know what this video needs?" - Clickbait. And there is the new thumbnail which is all nice and clickbaity.
I have a number of watches that use an aluminum oxide sapphire crystal to protect the dial. The crystals can be found for very cheap, are used on almost every decently made watch and are basically scratch proof. I also did a search for a sapphire phone screen protector and none other than Shellrus makes one for $65.
Sears watch and jewelry repair sold them for as cheap as $40 and go up depending on size and complexity
Isn't aluminium oxide sapphire redundant? Probably a marketing call on this one.😂
Apparently they only started using sapphire crystals for watches in the 1960's. I have a watch case that, I believe, has a hand blown crystal. At least that's what it looks like, as the watch movement was an 1800's fusee.
With this new shift in content direction you guys should change the channel name to the "Waterjet Channel". Love you boys. Keep up the good werk.
As a former process engineer for GMA... I love seeing the garnet used like this!
Its uncanny how many waterjet experts, material scientists, geologists, radar technicians, and military aircraft engineers came out to congregate in this comments section!
They always find their way! :)
That is a sapphire lens blank its used for the dual mode optical system that sees NIR Visible and MWIR imaging set. Specifically it is to the lens that is in the NFOV targeting camera system. Sapphire is used for the objective because it is extremely tough and passes all the necessary wavelengths. The ACS system also uses a large sapphire tube filled with cesium vapor to confuse enemy missiles. 15kW average power and 120kW peak power, designed similar to a sodium vapor lamp tube on steroids ❤
2:30 clean it up, vacuum fill/stabilize it with resin, and cut some stuff out of it. Call Patrick and have him make a ring out of the stabilized antler. But, something cool like ring cut from a 45° cross section of the stabilized antler and a dash of glow powder
5:52 Pretty cool how you can see the water jet making light.
I don’t think that’s from the jet, I would assume it’s the camera equipment just reflecting in it, ring lights.
@@Reactiontime6000 Its either caused by the abrasive making sparks or by the immense pressure and friction where the water+abrasive hits the material.
@@Sharpless2 dang
Sapphire may be triboluminescent?
@@Reactiontime6000 the waterjet can definitely make light. when cutting quartz it was dramatic enough for the guys to point out
You were wondering how I would hold the deer antler like a gun .
I was like hell nahh I’m gonna hold it like a pitchfork
An inch an hour, two feet a day lmao.
Avid shed hunter here. You boys need a moose paddle to cut? Perhaps a beaver jaw? Might i interest you in an elk antler?
"it looks like bone marrow" ITS CUZ IT IS BONE MARROWWWWW
🤣🤣🤣🤣
Sapphire is not used for radar arrays. Lots of things are transparent to radio waves so radar nose cones are usually some sort of glass composite or plastic.
Sapphire IS needed for optical systems because it's obviously clear - but also importantly it transmits light across a much broader spectrum than standard glass. So it can be used for thermal imaging systems as well as UV systems. In the case of the F35 it used for the ETOS system - Electro-Optical Targeting System.
I briefly looked into buying a sapphire lens for a project. I don't remember the size. They were expensive but not OMFG I'll never make that much in a lifetime expensive. After seeing this, I'm guessing much of the expense was in grinding and polishing which must take for freaking ever. I was interested in them for possibly being transparent to UV light unlike most glass...except pure quartz glass which is also expansive but not as bad.
Yup those lenses are not cheap, and small ones are usually good for most uses. They are best for the mid wave IR as an alternative to germanium or znse lenses in tough environments. ❤
bro when he said funny joke it reminded me of the jeff from tom hanks finch 🤣🤣🤣🤣
I'm an intensifier tech at my work, we use robots with water jet heads to trim fiberglass parts for vehicles. We have 7 old dinosaur 40k flow intensifiers, and just now up grading to the 60ks, we are trialing two right now, an H20 one and a new brand called hypertherm. Love working on them and find them interesting haha, but love your content to, if you have any trouble out of your intensifier give me a call I'll gladly come trouble shoot it and fix it! Sometimes I get soaked like that camera and bout loose a finger when I crack a fitting that didn't bleed the pressure like it was supposed to, but like I said our equipment is old😂
So deserving of your 1m subs! Your all great and work a mean channel. It's been great seeing the channel growing, your editing improving and your personalities coming out and defusing into your videos!
Also, as a side note, you two have done great taking over the channel, it must have been really hard and darn right intimidating. I dont think you get enough credit for stepping up and cracking on. Brave lads. Funny lads. Resourceful lads.
Thanks for all the content 🙃🤟
Cool to see you guys have upgraded from the plywood table.
2:45 ah yes the birth of the Smell Test
Was garnet particulate used for cutting the sapphire? If I remember correctly garnet is softer than sapphire; which is probably why it took ~1 hour
Yeah this jet uses garnet
@@DanTehBro they can cut with or without it. Some materials can be cut with just the water itself but yeah, this cut used garnet.
At least rubicon made it on water jet. Their biggest achievement 🙂
hey I got the same sapphire puck hah, finally one of those moments of "HEY I GOT THAT!"
Wow, had no idea that nobody can make giant sapphires yet.
looks at bone marrow: this looks like bone marrow
cut pure uranium next
Hey. You mentioned you charge $200 an hour to use the water jet. Does that mean for $200 I could have one hour to cut stuff? Possibly my fingers?
"Involves F-35s".....😂😂😂😂
Do you have to replace the nozzle on the water jet very often? I would think since the abrasive is flowing through the nozzle it wears out the nozzle too doesn't it?
the nozzle does need to be replaced after some time but I don't know how long they last.
It depends on what you are cutting I run a water jet every day and the more penetrating you do the faster it wears out but if you cut thick metal with less pierces it lasts a lot longer but lots of piercing wrecks the nozzles fast
@tadenabbink3395 Oh, interesting. So it sounds like it mostly the splash back that deteriorates the nozzle... I thought it would be more like FDM 3D printing with an abrasive material (like carbon fiber filaments) through a standard brass nozzle, where the abrasive filament quickly wears away the inside of the nozzle, drastically widening the opening of the nozzle.
@@bluegizmo1983 it does wear down the inside on general use but the main wear down is the splash back that is correct
short answer yes, long answer, also yes.
Codys lab diamond collaboration doesn't count, I guess? Diamonds are harder than sapphires...
That, my friends, is an elk antler, not a deer.
always wondered where the OG guys are🤔
Nice video. And you love your colleague's bright blue eyes
Looked like it had a little easier time with the crystal vs the puck i would bet it found natural sheer lines in the crystal
Here for teh bromance.
What happened to the original guys that did these videos???
The deer antler sounded a damned sight more interesting. We already know what a sapphire looks like inside
Hey guys, suggestion; to keep your camera and lens safe and clean: Place a sheet/panel of glass or acrylic close to and perpendicular to your camera lens. any/al debris will be deflected/trapped by the panel and not your lens.
We like the gun references! You should do some more of that! Want some guns to cut 😉
You are a very good TH-camr.❤
Blunderbussy style
What’s the material underneath the objects made out of
What abrasive do you use in the waterjet? Im just wondering if a stronger abrasive would cut differently.
How can I get a piece of clear lab-grown sapphire for a ring I want to make?
3:09 haha ya man, you are a good lookin dude, have always thought that. But...keep your hat on
So are the lab grown sapphires much less socially adapted due to their isolation in the lab, and lack of exposure to other minerals like it would in nature?
Yes. They all have crippling anxiety 😟
This is probably a dumb question but what is the table made out of?
im curious if it would be faster to go back and forth instead of going bit by bit in one direction
Oh wow!! I totally missed this at the time, didn't realize you'd made a video with these. If you ever want to try a bigger one get in touch, we'll hook you up.
We have learned that any material can only be scratched by something harder on the Mohs scale, so how do we cut these things with water?
Garnet powder in the water
Not really true. How else would carbide inserts wear from mild steel?
How much water do you use in these videos?
The jet uses about a gallon a minute. So about 60 gallons on the one cut
Prince rupert's drop vs water jet
Antlers are made of bone which is covered by velvet, so that was bone marrow 😅
And that was the Fires of Rubicon...
Still think the hardest cut was cutting Dan and Mitch out of the channel...
You guys should do a "cut in half series" and cut as many things in half as possible so people can see the insides.
where on earth did you get that idea
@tsm688 just sayin' a whole series would be kule. Obviously it was based on the video.
@@SonOfPerditionMedia That was sarcasm. That was this channel's entire reason to exist for years. People would send them things to cut in half every week.
Now they do world's heaviest take four, world's hardest cut take four, world's fastest wheel take nine, what happens when you put in the waterjet take seven. They're no longer having fun and it's very sad to see.
@tsm688 I could tell it was sarcasm. Just seemed like a good idea, and I followed this channel all that long.
My phone screen is made of a thin slice of sapphire
You wish it was
@@nanaki-seto He's almost certainly right. I have tons of watches that have sapphire crystals to protect the dials. You can google it, sapphire crystal, they're fairly cheap. *There is a treatment where they apply a sapphire coating to a less scratch resistant mineral crystal so that can also be the case with a phone or some very cheap watches. In fact the company he talked about in the video, Shellrus, makes a sapphire screen protector for $65.
@@nanaki-seto You probably own an iphone, loser.
@@nanaki-setosome phones do actually have a sapphire screen
@@nanaki-seto many phones use sapphire in the screen. Its not any better than regular glass tho, breaks just as easily. It is massively more scratch resistant tho.
So I picked a good material for my super ceramic!
Next: "Can synthetic sapphire cut wood?"
Probably a question your a bit over - though not sure if it was mentioned at the end of a recent video:
Did you guys do an update on what
Dan and Mitchell were up to recently?
What would happen if you put a light in the Water jet Tank!
Also when they said it looks like bone marrow on the deer antler it is because it is bone marrow
Blunderbuss gang 100%
3:49 You just can't beat the Institute.
you should try a magnesium skate board wheel
I wonder if there's anything at all the waterjet can't cut given enough time
So did they cut the disc with a core bit or what?
How does sapphire compare to fused quartz?
Many of my watches have lab grown sapphire crystals instead of mineral glass. Fun but useless fact. Rubies and sapphires are the same. Sapphire is actually a crystal structure of corundum, which is a crystal of aluminum oxide....dont ask me how it is formed exactly. Rubies and sapphires are red and blue because of other trace elements that determine the color. The reason I know all this nerdy information is because I find information the most fascinating when it has virtually no tangible impact on my life. 😂
0:03 Us Brits would have it (Bling for a King)
Funny how antlers are bone and fall off but horns are mostly nail material but are permanent
Is it sapphire or alon?
dem eyes :D
So next time the crystalline entity shows up on Star Trek they can just use a water jet to cut through it
As a blacksmith I must say It hurt me watching all those handles go to waste lol
2:39 shika nokonokonoko koshitantan
I would hold that antler like a car, all gas no breaks. P.S. Kevin James is beautiful
Fun fact: They make the windshield for Apache attack helicopters out of saphire
Synthetic diamond puck next!... Don't worry it's cheap 😅
what happend to the 2 other guys ??
🤔
Tacticool style for me personally
YAY! They said Iowa!
Ngl id watch the deer antler vid, but could make it into a short
water be strong
Stronk water
Can my hand cut wood?
10% of what speed?
I didn't know you where based
I see what you did with that antler shame on you lol.
Lord do I miss the old crew
I would hold it blunderbuss style
blunderbuss
imagine if we can also grow diamonds. like bro, I wanna see how long it will take to cut a slab of artificial diamond.
Dogs love eating the inside of antlers.
obviously its the tacticool way
home alone music?
The issue is they didn't do it in zero gravity
Didn't Dan and Mitchel cut diamond?