What is Electricity: AC v DC, Electrostatic, Lightning, Arcs, Sparks
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- เผยแพร่เมื่อ 27 ส.ค. 2017
- What is electricity? How does electricity work? There are many forms of electricity:AC, DC, electrostatic, sparks, arcs, gas discharge and corona discharge, but all are variations of the same principle. This video goes through them all.
This is an improved version of the previous video. The battery chemistry example was improved, the generator and solar power explanations were added, and some minor tweaks were done. Thanks for the feedback in the comments to the previous version!
This video was made possible in part by these Patreon supporters:
Jonathan Rieke
Printable Science
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See also:
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Thanks to Ottawa Solar Power (ottawasolarpower.com/) for the images of solar panels and the off-grid solar system with batteries. - วิทยาศาสตร์และเทคโนโลยี
I have a PhD in physics from Manchester and a first degree in electronics from UCL. I learnt a lot from this video. It is one of the best I’ve seen on the topic, What is Electricity. The individual phenomena you discuss are well understood. What is clever about your approach is the way you pull it all together to give a ‘real world’ understanding of what is going on. Thank you for taking the time to make it.
Very rarely in ages are teachers so dedicated to the art of education and informing others to such depth. Congratulations and thank you for all your effort
I've felt like a dumbass for years not completely understanding these concepts due to having negative experiences in science classes in high school. Watching your video really helped me to memorize these basic concepts. Thank you so much.
This is a very good video to help with teaching kids the basics. I'm always looking for videos like these to share with my cub scouts. Thanks for the time and effort you have chosen to spend to help explain the magic of electricity.
Very informative! Thanks for sharing!
Thank you;) I really love the way you explain these complicated concepts, you make them much simpler and more interesting to understand♡ support
Absolutely amazing videos!! 🙌👏👏
What a great introduction! I wish that I had this video as a primer for my students when I was teaching. Thumbs up!
Thank you for uploading
More Regular uploads please
Well made video on introduction to electricity.
Nice, these videos help with my electrical systems technology class. Thanks for posting:)
Omg it's the best explanation ever seen by people
Very well made video as usual. :-)
Very helpful. Thanks.
Great explaination
Man you converted the subject from "complicated current" to "easy current"!
Thnk u sooooo much sir.....your video just made everything super duper easy....thnx a lottttttt......this is the ultimate video for a.c.current on the whole internet😀😁😄
It's good to see another video from you. Hope you're doing well and again, thank you for the Wimshurst machine and Cartoon Guide to Physics book you gave me a while back. I still have yet to make a thank you video for that but, I will soon. Keep up the awesome education videos!
TonyOnekaNobY I subbed can you sub back
Before I sub I will give you a little tip. It's not good to ask for subs, especially on another persons channel. I had a look at your channel. You seem genuinely nice so, I'm willing to help you out a little. I'm going to send you a link to a channel that will help you grow your channel properly, without having to ask for subs in messages or comments. :)
Thanks
This is awesome!!!
good job
Thanks for making the effort to produce this video. 03DEC2017
Great Video!!! Keep up the good job...
Hey Rim, I've been watching your videos for the last hour and I have to ask, are you a Teacher? The way you express your thoughts, how you explain your projects, and even how you explain physics is honestly some of most thought out and easy to follow instructions/explanations I have ever heard. Well done. You and your projects have truly inspired me! Thank you for these videos, they really mean a lot. Hope you are doing well during these troubling times.
Yes, I'm a teacher (addicted to it, it seems). Most of my career has been teaching adults, currently doing so for a software company. I'm glad it shows. Thanks for watching my videos and letting me know you're getting something out of them! -Steve
Was watching videos of jacobs ladders and stuff with my daughter who is studying solar flares. She clicked on this video. Was very helpful. Great to see your still educating. Thought I better say hi.
Hi, good to hear from you again. Studying solar flares! Sounds like your daughter's on a good path, curious and into science like her father.
@@RimstarOrg great to hear from you too. Its been too long. I am also pleased to tell you I got a job in R&D a few years back. I've been working with company making corona discharge reactors for putting ozone in swimming pools. I should thank you for all the great discussions we have had. I don't think I would have this job without your help.
I'm glad I helped. I recall borrowing a trick or two from you too back in the day.
Thanks brother
3:00 3:54 4:03 the flow should be opposite in either (AC) wire shouldn't it?
Indeed.
Crap. The old version of the video was out for 2 months but no one caught it, including me, and the new version's been out less than a day and it's already been pointed out twice. Groan. Of course, I missed it in the first place. I really don't want to do another reupload, but with the same silly mistake in 3 places, I'm tempted.
I believe I commented on the old video for exactly that, I guess it disappeared into the depths of the comments. :/
I've only recently been looking at the methods of using a wire in the air to get electricity, so what I'm about to suggest might have been done already and I apologize if that's the case...as follows.
When you have 2 separate DC current wires next to each other with currents going in the same direction they attract each other..... due to relativity ( I'm old school ) .
So it would appear to me that at the top of the wire you mount up in the air, on a pole or what have you, if you spin your pointed wire arrays the negative charges on those ends appear MORE negative while in motion to the near by positive charges, thus you increased the dynamics or your device by drawing more positive charges to the wire array- faster charge transfer.
The design of the array could easily be made to spin by attaching a wind driven blade on it In some way and maintaining a metal surface contact with the wire going to the ground....You could even design the array / fan in the windmill fashion with the pointed wires attached to the blades and extending out past the end of the blades somewhat, the wires being attached to the metal axis of the fan which by some brush connection allows electrons to travel between the two...... just food for thought .............
Great book to read on electricity "Elementary lectures on electric discharges, waves and impulses, and other transients by Charles Proteus Steinmetz".
Well much better than this video : D
Chokran = thank you
Nice
does AC move like that animation? doesnt it switch back and forward, alertnating between neutral -->wall plug and phase --> wall plug?
Yeah, that's my bad. The AC animations are wrong since when the electrons are going in one direction on one wire, they should be going in the other direction on the other wire.
Do you know that you're awesome!!
Did you know you can lite up a LED light with static electricity spark?You need to generate enough static electricity to make the led give a quick flash. But I assume you tools will make it light up non stop . ;)
Nice to see you put videos up again. I hope all is well.
I've never thought of lighting up an LED with a static electricity spark. I guess if it's a spark from something like rubbing your socks against a carpet like I do in this video, then the current is probably harmless. Some sparks have a lot more current which I'd guess would damage an LED -- I've damaged power transistors that way.
I really haven't been away, just haven't had time for doing more than one video a month after I had to rearrange my priorities around a year and a half ago to earn a living. I'm hoping to do a few extra in the coming months. Thanks for your concern, and thanks for watching!
I have a question after watching this. How does an electron from a negative ion know (for lack of a better word) that there's a positive ion at the other end of a conductive wire? Especially if the wire covers a long distance or is a loop that first travels the opposite direction of the destination ion.
The electromagnetic wave propagates from particle to particle across the length of the wire. That's why the effect of electricity travels at the speed of light, instead of instantaneously. The individual particles themselves are affected by the local effects closer to them.
Could that be solely an electric wave, without a magnetic component? Or put another way, a scalar or longitudinal electric wave?
Liked 👍
shouldn't electrons on 3:00 move in opposite directions on the wires?
Are you sure you have the correct timestamp? At 3:00 I'm showing AC.
Nevermind, I see what you mean. The electrons in one of the wires should be moving in the opposite direction than in the other wire. Good catch. I think I'll leave it, too minor for a reupload. Thanks for pointing it out though. Too bad there are no more annotations, otherwise I'd add one.
I mean, if electrons enter at one plug pin, shouldn't they leave at the other one? Like at 2:08
That's what's happening at 3:00. It probably would have been clearer had I reversed the electrons for one of the wires like I should have.
That power cord contains three wires, often called hot, neutral and ground. The two wires I'm showing are the hot and the neutral. So it is the same at 2:08, but because the wires are inside a single cord, and the electrons are going the wrong way for one of them, it's harder to picture.
Comparing it to 2:08, everything at 3:00 that's where the wires disappear on the right side of the video is like the battery at 2:08. And everything where the wires disappear below the video is like the LED, switch and resistor at 2:08. This is a power cord from an appliance, so the appliance is on the other end of the cord.
Okay, thank you for the response.
Do all electrons carry the same amount of charge. when they get to the "end" of the circuit has any of their charge been lost?
Yes, each electron carries the same amount of charge and they don't lose any charge.
What is lost is some energy. For example, each electron has a certain amount of energy. Voltage is the amount of energy per electron, roughly. It's actually the amount of energy per unit charge. But if you have a lightbulb in your circuit then some of the energy is converted to thermal energy, which is to say that some of the energy goes into making molecules move around randomly. Some it also converted to light (electromagnetic energy). And so because of all that conversion to other types of energy in the lightbulb there is a decrease in the amount of energy per electron, i.e. a decrease in voltage. We call it a voltage drop.
hello sir, I have a doubt if I connect both AC neutral and Ground, what will be the problem. I have a solar inverter its showing ground problem, I checked it all right so I connected it to one more neutral and i connected to ground now inverter working fine. i connected neural and ground because the difference between ground neutral showing 60V actually i should not show. i want to know is that i will get a problem
What is the make and model of your inverter? There should be a wiring diagram that tells you what to do and you might find that it tells you that neutral should be connected to ground. This is normally done in the breaker panel in North America.
finally I can see electrons!
you cant see electrons
2:00 the current shouldn't be opposite in the top of the two batteries?
The batteries are connected in series. A grey wire is drawn in at the top connecting the positive of one to the negative of the other. So positive ion current is flowing in the same direction through both of them, from the negative terminal to the positive terminal. It's the positive ion leaving a terminal that makes that terminal negative. And it's the positive ion arriving at a terminal that makes that terminal positive. I used this to check myself when I made the video en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lithium-ion_battery#Electrochemistry.
The batteries were fine, I'm upset about this paradoxical A/C movement going on Here> 2:33
if current direction changes in Alternate Current then why we use neon testor on phase wire. when we use neon tesor on phase the light in testor glows.if we use neon testor on neutral wire the light or indicator doesent glow though in alternate current the current chanes its direction and neon tester light/ indicator should be glowing on both wires ie phase and neuter.any logic plz
Is the appliance turned on when you're doing this testing (I'm not familiar with these testers so that may or may not be dangerous to do)? If it's not turned on then there's nothing on the neutral. The neutral has to be connected to the phase wire (I'm assuming you mean the live or HOT wire) for electricity to flow through it and that's the case when you turn the appliance on.
Is Electric are The same as Lightning Strike and if it's not which is more powerful?
Yes, a lightning strike is also electricity.
@@RimstarOrg oh
Syncitfy it is a electric arc but it has way more power
2017 when we could say Corona without even batting an eye
do a video on who you are! your very interesting! why are you not teaching in college? im subscribed! and i use prime because of people like you! you should get some type of award from utube. your powering them!
I've always felt that such a video would be too off-topic. I am a teacher of sorts though - it's an addiction :-). I teach for a software company (BlackBerry QNX) plus I do teaching whenever other opportunities come up. I'm glad you're enjoying my videos. Thanks!
@@RimstarOrg do you know software? like Linux? you seem science oriented? many people do videos on the room they work from and their gadgets alone. what type of equipment do you use to make videos? let alone themselves, but that should be in your autobio about you.
I already have a video about how I make videos. Check out this one th-cam.com/video/kZj0_L7lWss/w-d-xo.html
Good video, but ... is it the Electrons that move, or the Electron Field. I believe it is the Electron Field that creates the electricity we use. You put out an earlier video describing how Electrons move as slow as snails. According to Quantum Field Theory, everything is a field. Thus, I envision the Electron Field moving at close to the speed of light in the same way that waves of water move, but the water does not.
Thanks. I've also heard that there's a wave that moves down the wire at close to the speed of light. I guess it depends on the model. We do know from experiment that there are things called electrons, though we don't know what they are. I kinda like Quantum Field Theory since it at least tries to address what they might be.
The answer is, "both".
When you push electrons into one end of a wire, the electrons on that you push in are moving right away because you pushed them in, but it takes time before the electrons start moving on the other end of the wire. This is because the electric field takes time to travel through the wire. This field travels at the speed of light.
But, the electrons still move through the wire as well. So the field travels at the speed of light while the electrons themselves travel at about the speed of a snail.
You can think of it like a hose full of water. When you shove new water into one end of the hose, almost immediately water starts coming out of the other end of this hose, but this has nothing to do with how fast the water is moving through the hose.
😃
sie i still did not understood what is ac and dc , i mean , i did not understood how electrons flow in ac, please make a video to understand this clearly. please, because this is a very older doubt in my mind, i wanna understand it clearly ..2) is an earth is a conductor or insulator. ho w it will be a conductor in a grounding.... if i take a small amount of sand and if i pass an electricity through it, the current will not pass through it, please explain
Regarding AC, I made an error in the animations in this video which I should really fix and reupload (I haven't because I already did one reupload to fix other things). In the animations where there's AC, I made the electrons in both wires go in the same direction at the same time. They should be moving in one direction in one wire and the other direction in the other wire. It was just a silly animation error.
The conductivity of the Earth varies depending on a number of factors: the materials, how wet it it (wetter is better), how cold it is (frozen Earth doesn't conduct as well).
@@RimstarOrg That means current will flow in both the wires. one is live wire and another one is neutral wire, you mean to say that current will flow in neutral wire also... if so then, if i touch the neutral wire then i will get a shock ?
Yes, if you touch the neutral wire while current is flowing through it then you'll get a shock.
But the difference between hot and neutral is what happens when you turn the appliance off (whatever is being powered). If you touch the hot wire and you are grounded, then you'll get a shock as the current goes from the hot, through you, to the ground, and back to the source of the hot wire (e.g. the transformer pole). However, if you touch the neutral then there's no danger since it's only connected to ground at that time (but don't do it in case there's a wiring problem somewhere or the hot and neutral have been wired backwards).
There's another difference if you have 3-phase, two hots and a neutral, but I won't go into that.
@@RimstarOrg my next question was that only, in 3 phase theres no grounding? 2) current coming to home is 21 phase current right?
if the voltage is high, then the current can't be low know? i think this kind of situation won't exists right? i am saying this because V=IR
I can only speak for the US and Canada. With 3 phase there are two hots, L1 and L2, and a neutral. The neutral is grounded. Between L1 and neutral and between L2 and neutral, there is 12 VAC and between L1 and L2, there is 240 VAC. I some houses with 3 phase, there is 3 phase, 240 VAC coming into the house so that some appliances can use it by using L1 and L2. Other appliances can use either L1 and neutral or L2 and neutral for 120 VAC. The amount of current used by the appliances is limited by the appliances and the size of the breaker in the breaker panel. I'm no expert with 3 phase so that's about the extent of my knowledge.
😅😅😅well information good show you can 😅😅
Which electricity arises from the thunder
Thunder is the sound you hear from the effect which the lightning has on the air through which the lightning travels. Use a microphone to listen to the thunder and that will create electricity in the microphone.
Isnt AC named that because it alternates between positive and negative charge like a Sin wave with 0 between equal positive and negative charge it doesnt come in and go out i call Bs
Are you referring to my silly mistake in the animations where I don't show the electrons oscillating properly? I wish I'd noticed that before uploading the video!
Confuseing
well HECK - if AC electricity actually alternates direction the way you have shown - then i guess it's totally impossible to consume any of it then ... so that's a conundrum isn't it?? bad metaphor.
Yeah, I already replaced the video once when I first uploaded it and didn't notice the mistake in the AC animations until much later. I'm loath to reupload it again for that though. It does bother me, like a twitch you can't get rid of :-).
@@RimstarOrg oh don't worry - it's not at all your fault - it's a very common metaphor but i just think it's a particularly bad one
The electrons actually do physically wiggle back and forth, but then again, its the energy they carry that you "consume" when you purchase it from the power company, not the electrons themselves
@@antigen4 How is it a bad metaphor and why do you think it's impossible to "consume any of it"? What do you think electrons actually do in AC then? Do tell!
@@antigen4 You don't seem like you know much about electricity yet you act like you do. Do more research before you criticize someone's work.