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@@TheEsotericaChannel etymological “biblio-graphy, bibliotheca..” and knowing someone “biblically.” Will dive in beginning with Sword of Moses to uncover clues as to who Moses was and who I had always thought was the known established foundation for Judaical history and text. I’ve much to learn.
Actually it's black history...everything the israelites go through in the text as a clear reflection of what the negros of the diaspora are going through today.
If I call myself a witch my grandmother has a fit if I say I'm a Kabbalist she's okay with it (I'm Jewish) and I had a young new age rabbi talk about how there was indeed magic in the Jewish people...he made it clear that it's not through witch craft but harnessing what God has put on earth...more natural. I find all this fascinating.
It’s alike to Tibetan monks mind and body work. I’ve manifested like crazy lately and some things I didn’t intend. The magic comes from fasting being positive a being thankful in my experiences.
@@Dallasl_andscaping_. How interesting! I love how there are sooo many similarities. People should focus on that instead of differences and the world would be a much better place!
I worked in a library for seven years and studied in a religious school for nine years. Your comparison of the Bible to a library is so accurate. It gave me flashbacks of the religious section in the social sciences room. So many books, so many opinions, so few hours to absorb them all!
I guess it depends on what you consider magic. The list is so extensive in the Mosaic law but never explicitly mentions astrology so medieval Jewish astrologists claimed it was kosher.
@@stevenv6463 In the New Testament, at least, Castor and Pollux (Gemini) are mentioned as figures on 2 of Paul's ships. So the early Christians weren't too concerned with the imagery and associate myths.
@@KarstenJohansson For the medieval Jews, it wasn't about another mythology but just claiming that the movement of the stars and planets affects or predicts our lives.
Thank you so much. I have been studying and practicing Kabbalah and Hermeticism for 30 years now, and your talks are brilliant and concise! I'll be referring my students to your videos
Just finished reading the Torah and I was surprised at how wide of the mark popular representation is to the actual content and spirit of the work. It ranges from early science, philosophy, law and the history of the Israelites to census records and instructions for the priestly caste like art and sculpture. In other words, it is so obviously the product of many hands over the course of centuries that a single broad interpretation seems an opportunistic generalisation. The theme of "no gods before me" does however run through everything, resistance to assimilation after Egypt being a kind of prime directive. It makes our ability to understand underground arcane Jewish practices like drawing blood from a stone it seems
This content is out of this world dude.... the information you are sharing in an articulate fashion.... this is nothing less than a paradigm shift channel. Bravo.
It is interesting to hear about the forbidden practises, or dark arts - and even more amusing that noone seem to know the real meaning of the actual words. This is a very fine lecture, thank you for sharing.
Ive never wanted a big screen tv until now. I could listen to this all day. Alternating with massage & body work videos, solitare, & many Halloween diy & movies!
I was also intrigued that the witch on En Dor was such a hospitable woman and not painted a villain like someone such as baalam In that way she reminded of Circe in the sense of having powerful knowledge and could be dangerous and though in HB there’s no confrontation such as in the Oddessey I was intrigued how hospitable both Circe and the witch of en dor were
Though, Circe wasn't so hospitable towards the end :) But yes, the ba'alot ov really comes across as kind and caring. It's a shame that side doesn't come through. She wasn't painted like Balaam, I suspect, because she was an Israelite, after all.
Dude, you current delivery style is so much better today than it was at this time. Information is great now and then, but delivery is better. I love the way you use inflection and delay when you are sarcastically disagreeing with some concept in your newer videos. I'ma ... steal? ... that from you.
Can you expound on the spiritual ans esoterical concepts of idol worship or idolatry and what is the hidden power behind idols and why it is so forbidden in the ancient Israelite religion?
I think it’s simply because the Israelites like modern Muslims n Jews just believe in 1 god nothing else so why would you worship an idol. There is no power in the idol itself it’s literally like why are you worshipping something you’ve just created yourself and more importantly don’t associate partners to God Almighty.
Evil spirits can attach themselves to physical items. Also check out these scriptures for more insight: Psalm 106:34-38 King James Version 34 They did not destroy the nations, concerning whom the Lord commanded them: 35 But were mingled among the heathen, and learned their works. 36 And they served their idols: which were a snare unto them. 37 Yea, they sacrificed their sons and their daughters unto devils, 38 And shed innocent blood, even the blood of their sons and of their daughters, whom they sacrificed unto the idols of Canaan: and the land was polluted with blood. Deuteronomy 32:16-17 King James Version 16 They provoked him to jealousy with strange gods, with abominations provoked they him to anger. 17 They sacrificed unto devils, not to God; to gods whom they knew not, to new gods that came newly up, whom your fathers feared not. 1 Corinthians 10:20-22 King James Version 20 But I say, that the things which the Gentiles sacrifice, they sacrifice to devils, and not to God: and I would not that ye should have fellowship with devils. 21 Ye cannot drink the cup of the Lord, and the cup of devils: ye cannot be partakers of the Lord's table, and of the table of devils. 22 Do we provoke the Lord to jealousy? are we stronger than he?
The algorithm dropped me here and the content doesn't disappoint. One of the things that I learned so far is that Magic or Esoterism isn't necessarily illogical but seems to be a human need to develop semi rigorous methods to wrench agency for humans from all powerful god(s) ;) I might be wrong with this first impression so I wil watch some more!
Yeah, interesting observation! Magic does seem to be about trying to quantify (semi)reliable methods for borrowing/stealing 'divine' agency from whatever gods/spirits the culture believes in, as well as protecting one against those entities' power (either wielded by them or by one's enemies). This ALWAYS seems to rapidly develop into a lot of rules about WHO can do this & HOW they can do it? Generally aligned with the economic, political & gender power imbalances of the day. Cf. the widespread persistence in these patriarchal societies of an idea that female "witches" using magic is bad, whilst male "priests" or "magicians" doing it is generally okay, as long as they exist in a defined place within the existing politico-religious power structure.
First time seeing this video. Great stuff. Wanted to add - 12:53 the word נחש in that case is translated as the word Guess (Nah-esh) which gives us the answer : they weren’t allowed to “assume” or determine through things that happen to them or around them whether it is worthwhile or not to do things, when there is no rational connection between the sign and the fact, an example for that is when you go outside and see a black cat and assume/guess (לנחש) your day will go bad.
What abt the Tobit story in the apocrypha? Also, the Archangel Raphael also told someone how to get rid of a demon that was killing the men a woman was marrying.
The Book of Tobit was written sometime between 225-175 BCE, but he was only discussing the stretch of time between 1000-500 BCE. Thus, Tolbit and much of the rest of the apocrypha were written a few hundred years after this period.
This is primarily based on the Greek translation of the Hebrew Bible where it reads "φαρμακοὺς οὐ περιποιήσετε" rendering the Hebrew word here as something that can be read in many ways including the one you mentioned. The Greek word pharmakos can be read as 'cure' 'poison' 'drug' 'magic' etc. The Septuagint, in general, has a kind of rationalizing tendency in its translation. The Hebrew is pretty clear as "magic user" especially considering the same root attested clearly in Akkadian.
FINALLY. i'm so glad i found your channel. have been studying this on my own and i have some questions as well. when i read Lv 20:27, the word for *witch* is "H178 --> אוֹב ʼôwb, obe; from the same as H1 (apparently through the idea of prattling a father's name); properly, a mumble, i.e. a water-skin (from its hollow sound); hence a necromancer (ventriloquist, as from a jar):-bottle, familiar spirit." So it seems to me, one who has zero knowledge of ancient (or modern!) jewish customs etc, that a witch was someone who had a jar with a familiar spirit that mumbled. just going linguistically here. like maybe a witch had a special jar with a "spirit" trapped inside that talked? how curious. this ~looking at clouds~ thing makes me think of banning meteorology! so you can`t look at the clouds to see if it will be cold? hmmm. what is always condemned is necromancy, talking to the ~dead~, since the Bible clearly states in lots of places that death (the 1st death) is like a sleep and you have no knowledge and no way of communicating. also, what about that other infamous verse about tattooing and cutting your hair for a dead person? seems like the connection is doing something in favor of a dead person (who you can't do anything for anymore). other words for magic people used in the OT were H3049 (wizard, one who conjures ghosts), H2266, H2267, H328 (all conjurers)/ H7592 (consulter)/ H1875, H4191 (necromancer)/ H3784 (whispering witch). AND THEN in the New Testament, Galatians 5:20, magic is again condemned, but the Greek word used is pharmakeia, which is where we get pharmacy etc. SOoooo does this also mean that all commercial drugs are equally banned? now here we have a different take on witch/magic - the use of potions. would love to hear your take on this!!!
There is a lot of debate about the shoresh (root) of the word Ov here. I am doubtful that it shares the same root as 'ab' for a few reasons. I suspect that this was one device now lost that the baal(at) used as a kind of focus for their magic. What exactly isn't clear and baring some new evidence likely won't be.
Obe juan , so that's where lucas got the name from. It makes sense , I always saw jedi as advanced witches. I didn't know obe meant witch untill now , very nice.
Pagans would use a "speaking rune" and place it under the tongue of a corpse so that it may be able to speak. The corpse was unable to speak during a necromancy ritual if it did not have a speaking rune. Arith Harger has a youtube channel and he was speaking of this. He goes into detail on necromancy in northern pagan beliefs
Interesting, thanks heaps for commenting (& providing yet another channel to check out! 😆)! Another commenter suggested that some of the prohibitions may have been against practices that were common amongst the proto-Hebrews' neighbours, rather than something that had developed within their own religious tradition. Knowing that these types of practices existed in later pagan cultures makes me wonder if somebody nearby was doing something similar at the time, and so Leviticus was a reaction against that in order to try and keep Jewish priestly practice distinct from that of their neighbours, and respect taboos around death & necromancy...?
Probably not, the Kabbalah doesn't really exist until the 13th century in Europe. It's probably a Canaanite religious practice thought probably not child sacrifice strictly speaking.
@@TheEsotericaChannel Thanks for responding! I think I was confusing the Gnostic baptism rituals with Kabbalah (and not Kabbalah in the Middle ages, but more like the rituals that later Kabbalah may have been based on). I might just be digging too deep into it
Makes me wonder if the "belly-talking" or "ventriloquist" reference in the Greek may be what we would now refer to as "channelling", the ritual possession by the spirits of a deity or dead person.
Thanks Dr Sledge for another fascinating video lecture! I was pleasantly surprised you discussed the witch of En Dor. In my history of interpretation class, we discussed several texts among the church fathers on “the Belly Myther at En Dor,” beginning with Origen, that attempt to interpret this text. It’s very interesting, though I don’t know if it’s directly beneficial for your research. The question I had while reading these texts is why did 1 Sam 28 garner so much attention among the church fathers. I think the answer I would give is because the text was so troubling to Christians reading their Bible (the LXX) in that they were catechized to rid themselves of all magic and be baptized unto Christ, but here, smack dab in the middle of their Bible, is this text that seems to condone those magical and occultic practices.
Also about Tel Arad (yes, it's one of THOSE days xD): Herzog, the archeologist who finalized and organized all the finds and reports from all excavations at the site has come to the conclusion that the temple was sealed somewhere during the 7th century BCE. Based on the nature of the sealing, as well as the fact that nothing was broken or disrespected like it was at a gate temple at Lachish, he came to the conclusion that it was done possibly by the soldiers stationed at the fort. Based on the margine of error in the dating, he also concludes it was possibly sealed during the first half of the 7th century, placing it during the time of Hesekhia (how do you spell חזקיהו in englisg I have no idea). Other archeologists (whom I forgot the name of but that notion is aggreed in both Tel Aviv and HUJI) have also came to the agreement that josiah most likely hasnt done any major religious reforms, and just like the kings of the northern Levant he was affiliating himself with the acts of his grandfather Hasi (yeah I'll name hesekiah hasi from now on xD)
I loved this video. One thing that kinda bugged me is how Endor is combined into one word even though it really should be "En" or "Ein" Dor. Its like a town in Israel Ein Gedi. Its not Engedi, but two separate words meaning "Spring of Gedi" or the "Spring of the Goat". Kind of pedantic but I think its an important distinction since there are a decent amount of place names with "En" in the beginning. Also, any recs for a good academic study bible of both the Torah and the New Testament?
Holy! LOL...I thought of Endor myself from Empire Strikes Back, I think, just turned 49 Dec. 28th 2023...loved those movies as a kid, Ewak's and the Redwoods, flying cycles, that I used to dream about flying then turned to any stick, and later I would have to jump off the roof the catch the air or whatever, everything had to be just right to fly, later in adult life I've been able to soar like an eagle but not much flying in the last 20 years or so....I used to love it so much...I loved flying in planes too, especially take off and landing's...so fun as a kid...
The gods of the heathen nations Yes and also idols itself but not the holy angels/holy gods and neither the spirit of the idols which came from the holy angels
Also about the act of Linkov (לנקוב): From what I could find in the archeological record of the levant, during the middle and late bronze age (ca 2100-1200 BCE) there was a practice of stabbing clay bricks of figurines which had a name or a collection of names on them. Sometimes these clay clums had nothing scribled on them. The names listed on these artifacts are of locations or individuals, but as far as I could tell there were no gods or divine powers mentioned, of any kind. So perphaps this ban is more so a specification on a practice that was remembered from the past, and less of a ban on a practice that was done by others. In other words, it's possible the original practice was banned against all gods of the Canaabite pantheon, and the writer of the text just specified the biblical god since the rest were irrelevant
That's a really good point! In terms of differentiation from neighboring cultures Dr S. was highlighting, it seems quite likely that at least some of the practices being denigrated might've been ones in use amongst the surrounding cultures & not necessarily by the proto-Hebraic nation itself? (Or at least, not as a magic development native to their own belief system.) I know very little about the archaeology of the Philistines etc I'm afraid, esp. whether there's any surviving written records of their own laws & culture. Has anything been found there that corresponds to the divination descriptions in Leviticus etc...?
@@anna_in_aotearoa3166 there were very limited written records found in northern philistines settlements in modern day syria, but as far as I can tell only 1 was published and currenly thanks to assad murdering his own people any research there is impossible for the forseeble future (my spelling is hurendous because I just woke up xD)
The serpent or nakash represents the enemy who came from the sky. It was common knowledge back then that the plumed serpent & the fallen ones of Genesis 6 (whom taught their human wives this type of magick along with melting metals for war etc) The Rapha or Raphaim aka the dead are the children of fallen angels that walked the earth as their fathers were the fallen ones, they were also Demi gods
The Witch of Endor summoning an Eloheim makes me curios as that sounds similar to a Shikigami, or a ritual god summoned by Onmyojo diviners in japan. They were a familiar of sorts created from the ritual and given life from the summoners magical power, but were dangerous and could kil their master. But the conception of a Kami is very different to western gods so I'm not sure on it. It's possible this was written when YWHW was replacing El Eloheim and so Eloheim was being in a way demonized as a servant of sorcerers and necromancers.
In a somewhat amusing parallel, there are a number of lines in the Ancient Greek comedies of Aristophanes that no Greek scholar today can understand. They are thought to be obscene jokes, but the point is lost
Honestly, that kind of drift doesn't take long... 😏 Even reading books from the 1950s can be odd or difficult now because slang and also cultural taboos around things like sex & marriage have changed so much - we can easily miss what all the fuss is about. It's no wonder that half the dirty jokes in Shakespeare need footnotes to comprehend them now, let alone those in the Classical Greek & Roman texts! I find it both fascinating & frankly scary how so many of these texts like the Bible or Shakespeare strongly persist into today & still get considered as seminal guides to behaviour, even when so much nuance & context has been lost as to make parts of them essentially unintelligible?
@@Dowlphin Like so much of the scriptures, in every faith!! 🤭 Between the translation losses, mistranslations, reinterpretations for more modern concerns, various approved/non-approved content left in/out over the centuries, and just the loss of so much of the original cultural contexts for the writings...?
Berytus or Beruit Lebanon was where they practiced the law, solitude, fasting and thankfulness to attain higher degrees of inner and outer powers. Sozomen studied there.
I was taught a meditation by a Hebrew rabbi that is like magic to me. Exhale all your breath hold for 10 seconds inhale slowly hold your breath for ten seconds. Do this three times. Then exhale all your breath hold for 5. Inhale slowly hold your breath hold for 5 seconds. Put your palm on the center of your chest and while exhaling focus on the center of your chest. Then bring up a memory that is either of joy love compassion or holiness and try to refeel the feelings. Lose the image and go with the feelings. You can then ask a question of your higher self. The part of you that is closest to God. Wait for some kind of response. It works. If you try it enjoy it
From your description of ov, I thought that meant a medium, because in a sense, they communicate like how a ventriloquist communicates thru their props. Yide oni brought to mind asking ancestors, maybe?
I've been saying for decades that the Bible's apparent occult terms were never defined and nobody seemed to really know what they mean. Nobody listened to me and I got into some bitter arguments but nobody came up with good counter arguments. Christians just assume that the Bible condemns everything we, today, think is "occult" and insist this is the case, with no evidence.
Excellent! Dr. Sledge, do you have any plans on doing a video on the Nehushtan of Numbers 23? It's one of my favorite stories from the Hebrew Bible (and from a book that few people look at these days, alas!), and as it is directly cited by at least one Christian Gospel writer, and has a whole further relevance for various Gnostic interpreters and for some modern practitioners, it might make an intriguing discussion topic!
I couldn’t find the episode where you discuss the permitted Israelite magical practices such as the use of the Urim and Thumim. I first learned about it from Latter Day Saint Theologian Hugh Nibley
@@AndrewMaksym It's not that obscure. Urim and Thumim is right there in Exodus, mentioned several times. If they read the book carefully or went to seminary, I don't how a Christian priest or paster would have never encountered these words.
Jonathan Kleck says our souls r trapped in a quilipot, as seen at the feet of the statue of liberty. Others say were prisoners trapped and recycled in avatars via frequencies, now defeated.
Correct me if I'm wrong, but doesn't elohim mean a disembodied being? Like, it can be any being as long as it doesn't have a body? Not sure if I'm correct there, so I'd appreciate any insight. Thanks!
At one point you claim: "if it wasn't happening, it wouldn't be prohibited". This makes perfect sense. So, why then, does the prohibition of "Fire baptism" get a pass? Essentially- what is it about this case that makes you think they were prohibiting something that you believe wasn't happening so much at the time?
I think that section of Deut. is rather late and the Moloch sections are probably more of a memory of a practice than what was actually still being practiced. For instance, there are references to Josiah destroying Moloch sites, i.e., the infamous 'tophet' but no reference to them being used or persecuting the people that used such sites. If I'm correct that this section of Deut was basically written to justify the religio-political ambitions of Josiah then the actually practice - including much non-Jerusalem Yahweh worship such as at Tel Arad - would come an end prior to the writing of this text. However, Jeremiah does mention Molech worship a century later though it has a kind of historical ring to it as well. It's a bit of a razor margin and you are right to point this out. I could totally be wrong. It would be interesting to see when scholars like Dever think that non-Yahweh worship went extinct in the region.
I have heard that a m’khasheifah is supposed to mean specifically a type of a woman mage, that does evil spells like you know, curses to put on cheaters for the wife’s or evil eyes. And honestly these specific types of women exist to this day because female nature gives you a lot more opportunity to use shamanic powers + women prefer to stay away from straight confrontations and physical violence. So that makes witches mostly female. I’m not saying that there was no mysoginy, but bible also has verses specifically for males who use demons for magic so I can accept this.
Whether or not this is an example of paganism mixed with ancient Israel or not is actually my inquiry here but wasn't the term and idea of a scapegoat derived from the ancient Torah?
The whole current bible is full of magic- there’s hoodoo in them psalms! But yet they don’t reveal the Dead Sea scrolls... now there’s the real answers...
Had a thought a while ago that the bible is some kind of spellbook that can be used for good or for evil. Alot of the symbolism reminds me of tarot cards as well. It's pure alchemy.
@@Iconicnotcon the dead sea scrolls are a thing and show that the Bible is translated accurately. You're not trying to be racist you're just saying racist things without evidence
Is there any teachings of temple work from the Alexandria library with Isis, Osiris, of the such? I know that Jesus did also study at one of these Egyptian temples in which were kept at the Alexandria library??
Great content Dr Sledge. Wait so Baalat-ob saw elohim rising from the earth, so plural.... maybe demons/aliens manifested and scared the bejasus out of old Baalat-ob. Then samuel turned up wit the bad news for saul who sounds a bit of a nob to be fair.
! What is the passsover .or isn't there a word for Seder when its only female attending? I often wonder if Mary Magdalene had divination knowledge. Perhaps helped Jesus with His mystic experience?? Perhaps? & Why include outsiders such as The Magi in NT who practice astronomy etc to find The Child.
@@TheEsotericaChannel Its suspected Muslims as well. But the average Muslim will deny that except those few who secretly do. Wearing eg taweez (a form of amulet) etc. With Indonesian Muslims to go around the issue of tattoos in the Koran they might have inserts needles ("sasuk") and various other items underneath the skin. (note: I have never heard anything good that comes from it. Theres seems to be always some cost to it. And in some cases the needle inserters ends up being a black magician and uses the insert to control you. Not mention compels victims of the insert to come back each year often to give them payment. Its like some kind of remote slavery.) BTW can you do a video on Tatoos. I know it's practiced in some cultures eg. for protection etc. From what I know its ban in the bible.
I know this video is old and you only very briefly mentioned the subject, but have you read the book Child Sacrifice in Ancient Israel by Dewrell? He argues that the “mlk” rituals aren’t dedicated to a god Moloch, were adopted during the reign of Ahaz from their Phoenician neighbors, and were directed towards Yahweh. I’m not entirely sold on all of his arguments, but there are Punic stele mentioning a rite of the same name where they burn children with to some sort of vow being made. And if it existed in the colonies, I don’t think it’s much a stretch to say the practice existed in Phoenicia proper. Whether the sacrifices being in Yahwism is a product of syncretism or comes from a common ancestor with the Phoenicians, I don’t lean too far either way, but it does seem likely to me that the recipient was Yahweh himself and not a foreign god
You have a Hebrew mistake at around minute 15. Nokev, of the root Nakav, also means to Name something. In case you read Hebrew, example sentence: בשיעור התבקשתי לנקוב בשמות ראשי הממשלה.
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Another awesome presentation justin , many thanks.
"The Bible is like a library" is a great comparison and an excellent way to describe it for someone who is just getting into biblical scholarship.
Credit goes to my teacher and friend James Bowley for this insight.
it is the book of books XD
@@TheEsotericaChannel etymological “biblio-graphy, bibliotheca..” and knowing someone “biblically.” Will dive in beginning with Sword of Moses to uncover clues as to who Moses was and who I had always thought was the known established foundation for Judaical history and text. I’ve much to learn.
Actually it's black history...everything the israelites go through in the text as a clear reflection of what the negros of the diaspora are going through today.
Yeah too many people imagine it as one book written at once.
If I call myself a witch my grandmother has a fit if I say I'm a Kabbalist she's okay with it (I'm Jewish) and I had a young new age rabbi talk about how there was indeed magic in the Jewish people...he made it clear that it's not through witch craft but harnessing what God has put on earth...more natural. I find all this fascinating.
It’s alike to Tibetan monks mind and body work.
I’ve manifested like crazy lately and some things I didn’t intend.
The magic comes from fasting being positive a being thankful in my experiences.
@@Dallasl_andscaping_. How interesting! I love how there are sooo many similarities. People should focus on that instead of differences and the world would be a much better place!
What's the difference?
Consider me your sister in divination or distant relative but I agree
@@Zzzsleepzzz tell me something about myself that only I know
I worked in a library for seven years and studied in a religious school for nine years. Your comparison of the Bible to a library is so accurate. It gave me flashbacks of the religious section in the social sciences room. So many books, so many opinions, so few hours to absorb them all!
"Hold my beer!" Lol. I always wondered why the Bible always seemed anti magic, yet full of magic. This video makes so much sense.
I agree.
I guess it depends on what you consider magic. The list is so extensive in the Mosaic law but never explicitly mentions astrology so medieval Jewish astrologists claimed it was kosher.
@@stevenv6463 In the New Testament, at least, Castor and Pollux (Gemini) are mentioned as figures on 2 of Paul's ships. So the early Christians weren't too concerned with the imagery and associate myths.
@@KarstenJohansson For the medieval Jews, it wasn't about another mythology but just claiming that the movement of the stars and planets affects or predicts our lives.
Thank you so much. I have been studying and practicing Kabbalah and Hermeticism for 30 years now, and your talks are brilliant and concise! I'll be referring my students to your videos
Glad that my content is a resource even for veteran practitioners! Thanks so much!
Can I be your student 🥺🙏🏽
Just finished reading the Torah and I was surprised at how wide of the mark popular representation is to the actual content and spirit of the work. It ranges from early science, philosophy, law and the history of the Israelites to census records and instructions for the priestly caste like art and sculpture. In other words, it is so obviously the product of many hands over the course of centuries that a single broad interpretation seems an opportunistic generalisation. The theme of "no gods before me" does however run through everything, resistance to assimilation after Egypt being a kind of prime directive. It makes our ability to understand underground arcane Jewish practices like drawing blood from a stone it seems
What books are needed to learn Kabbalah
I wish I knew, there are videos on Kabbalah on this channel
This content is out of this world dude.... the information you are sharing in an articulate fashion.... this is nothing less than a paradigm shift channel. Bravo.
You just don't prohibit what people aren't doing
That's a good one and a quotable quote
It is interesting to hear about the forbidden practises, or dark arts - and even more amusing that noone seem to know the real meaning of the actual words. This is a very fine lecture, thank you for sharing.
Welcome - glad you enjoyed it!
Ive never wanted a big screen tv until now. I could listen to this all day. Alternating with massage & body work videos, solitare, & many Halloween diy & movies!
I was also intrigued that the witch on En Dor was such a hospitable woman and not painted a villain like someone such as baalam
In that way she reminded of Circe in the sense of having powerful knowledge and could be dangerous and though in HB there’s no confrontation such as in the Oddessey I was intrigued how hospitable both Circe and the witch of en dor were
Though, Circe wasn't so hospitable towards the end :) But yes, the ba'alot ov really comes across as kind and caring. It's a shame that side doesn't come through. She wasn't painted like Balaam, I suspect, because she was an Israelite, after all.
This may be the one person on TH-cam I legitimately consider supporting. Great content!
And I really appreciate that.
Dude, you current delivery style is so much better today than it was at this time. Information is great now and then, but delivery is better. I love the way you use inflection and delay when you are sarcastically disagreeing with some concept in your newer videos. I'ma ... steal? ... that from you.
Always trying to get better!
Thanks
Thanks for the support!
I would love one episode about the different names of God, Notarikon, etc.
Same!!! How many do you know? How many names does God have?
"Hallowed be thy name". So good question, what is thy name!?
I am a history student who has just happened upon your channel. I shall be adding forthwith to my resources!
Thanks - welcome!
Very informative and on one of my all time favorite subjects. Please, keep up the good work!
Great! Glad it was interesting - will get to the allowed 'magic' soon enough!
Can you expound on the spiritual ans esoterical concepts of idol worship or idolatry and what is the hidden power behind idols and why it is so forbidden in the ancient Israelite religion?
I think it’s simply because the Israelites like modern Muslims n Jews just believe in 1 god nothing else so why would you worship an idol. There is no power in the idol itself it’s literally like why are you worshipping something you’ve just created yourself and more importantly don’t associate partners to God Almighty.
Evil spirits can attach themselves to physical items. Also check out these scriptures for more insight:
Psalm 106:34-38
King James Version
34 They did not destroy the nations, concerning whom the Lord commanded them:
35 But were mingled among the heathen, and learned their works.
36 And they served their idols: which were a snare unto them.
37 Yea, they sacrificed their sons and their daughters unto devils,
38 And shed innocent blood, even the blood of their sons and of their daughters, whom they sacrificed unto the idols of Canaan: and the land was polluted with blood.
Deuteronomy 32:16-17
King James Version
16 They provoked him to jealousy with strange gods, with abominations provoked they him to anger.
17 They sacrificed unto devils, not to God; to gods whom they knew not, to new gods that came newly up, whom your fathers feared not.
1 Corinthians 10:20-22
King James Version
20 But I say, that the things which the Gentiles sacrifice, they sacrifice to devils, and not to God: and I would not that ye should have fellowship with devils.
21 Ye cannot drink the cup of the Lord, and the cup of devils: ye cannot be partakers of the Lord's table, and of the table of devils.
22 Do we provoke the Lord to jealousy? are we stronger than he?
Thanks!
This was awesome 🤩
Thank you for your hard work and research
The algorithm dropped me here and the content doesn't disappoint. One of the things that I learned so far is that Magic or Esoterism isn't necessarily illogical but seems to be a human need to develop semi rigorous methods to wrench agency for humans from all powerful god(s) ;) I might be wrong with this first impression so I wil watch some more!
And I'm very impressed with the, on TH-cam at least, rare practice to declare sources and recommend additional reading!
Yeah, interesting observation! Magic does seem to be about trying to quantify (semi)reliable methods for borrowing/stealing 'divine' agency from whatever gods/spirits the culture believes in, as well as protecting one against those entities' power (either wielded by them or by one's enemies).
This ALWAYS seems to rapidly develop into a lot of rules about WHO can do this & HOW they can do it? Generally aligned with the economic, political & gender power imbalances of the day. Cf. the widespread persistence in these patriarchal societies of an idea that female "witches" using magic is bad, whilst male "priests" or "magicians" doing it is generally okay, as long as they exist in a defined place within the existing politico-religious power structure.
First time seeing this video. Great stuff. Wanted to add - 12:53 the word נחש in that case is translated as the word Guess (Nah-esh) which gives us the answer : they weren’t allowed to “assume” or determine through things that happen to them or around them whether it is worthwhile or not to do things, when there is no rational connection between the sign and the fact, an example for that is when you go outside and see a black cat and assume/guess (לנחש) your day will go bad.
Wow this channel is one of the Very Best.
I have said it before, and I will no doubt say it again, but Dr. J - I am so grateful to have found your magical channel. Thank you!❤🇨🇦🌞👍⚡🦄
Thanks for being so kind!
“And with that said, hold my beard.” 😆 Lovely. Thank you so much for an understandable interpretation of these texts.
Glad it was helpful and thanks for watching!
I think he said, hold my beer. Hold my beard, makes no sense.
Although to be fair, hold my beard is pretty funny.
@@stevesmith4901 Think of a rabbi ...
Nice one nicole you had one job
You had me at "hold my beer". I'm glad that you bring this scholarship to light.
What abt the Tobit story in the apocrypha? Also, the Archangel Raphael also told someone how to get rid of a demon that was killing the men a woman was marrying.
The Book of Tobit was written sometime between 225-175 BCE, but he was only discussing the stretch of time between 1000-500 BCE. Thus, Tolbit and much of the rest of the apocrypha were written a few hundred years after this period.
Your videos are very interesting. I so glad I found your channel.
"ten measures of magic were given to the world. Egypt received nine while the rest of the world received one "
Thank you for dispelling ignorance instead of fostering hate speech 💬 Amen.
I've heard it said that the famous Exodus passage is better translated as, "...suffer not a poisoner to live." Is there any truth to that?
This is primarily based on the Greek translation of the Hebrew Bible where it reads "φαρμακοὺς οὐ περιποιήσετε" rendering the Hebrew word here as something that can be read in many ways including the one you mentioned. The Greek word pharmakos can be read as 'cure' 'poison' 'drug' 'magic' etc. The Septuagint, in general, has a kind of rationalizing tendency in its translation. The Hebrew is pretty clear as "magic user" especially considering the same root attested clearly in Akkadian.
I love your videos man, very informative, good job!
Thanks, brother. I'm doing my best and am glad you find the content engaging!
I could listen to you're knowledge all day❤
This is great! Super informative and engaging. The Chopin nocturne at the beginning is so sad (albeit beautiful), but that's a matter of taste.
FINALLY. i'm so glad i found your channel. have been studying this on my own and i have some questions as well. when i read Lv 20:27, the word for *witch* is "H178 --> אוֹב ʼôwb, obe; from the same as H1 (apparently through the idea of prattling a father's name); properly, a mumble, i.e. a water-skin (from its hollow sound); hence a necromancer (ventriloquist, as from a jar):-bottle, familiar spirit." So it seems to me, one who has zero knowledge of ancient (or modern!) jewish customs etc, that a witch was someone who had a jar with a familiar spirit that mumbled. just going linguistically here. like maybe a witch had a special jar with a "spirit" trapped inside that talked? how curious.
this ~looking at clouds~ thing makes me think of banning meteorology! so you can`t look at the clouds to see if it will be cold? hmmm.
what is always condemned is necromancy, talking to the ~dead~, since the Bible clearly states in lots of places that death (the 1st death) is like a sleep and you have no knowledge and no way of communicating.
also, what about that other infamous verse about tattooing and cutting your hair for a dead person? seems like the connection is doing something in favor of a dead person (who you can't do anything for anymore).
other words for magic people used in the OT were H3049 (wizard, one who conjures ghosts), H2266, H2267, H328 (all conjurers)/ H7592 (consulter)/ H1875, H4191 (necromancer)/ H3784 (whispering witch).
AND THEN in the New Testament, Galatians 5:20, magic is again condemned, but the Greek word used is pharmakeia, which is where we get pharmacy etc. SOoooo does this also mean that all commercial drugs are equally banned? now here we have a different take on witch/magic - the use of potions.
would love to hear your take on this!!!
There is a lot of debate about the shoresh (root) of the word Ov here. I am doubtful that it shares the same root as 'ab' for a few reasons. I suspect that this was one device now lost that the baal(at) used as a kind of focus for their magic. What exactly isn't clear and baring some new evidence likely won't be.
Obe juan , so that's where lucas got the name from. It makes sense , I always saw jedi as advanced witches. I didn't know obe meant witch untill now , very nice.
@@duantorruellas716 yeah. magic is just science we can`t explain/understand.
Great stuff Justin! As a Magician I find this stuff fascinating!
Thank you Very much. Now I can explain to my grandson about Aaron😊
Pagans would use a "speaking rune" and place it under the tongue of a corpse so that it may be able to speak. The corpse was unable to speak during a necromancy ritual if it did not have a speaking rune. Arith Harger has a youtube channel and he was speaking of this. He goes into detail on necromancy in northern pagan beliefs
Interesting, thanks heaps for commenting (& providing yet another channel to check out! 😆)!
Another commenter suggested that some of the prohibitions may have been against practices that were common amongst the proto-Hebrews' neighbours, rather than something that had developed within their own religious tradition. Knowing that these types of practices existed in later pagan cultures makes me wonder if somebody nearby was doing something similar at the time, and so Leviticus was a reaction against that in order to try and keep Jewish priestly practice distinct from that of their neighbours, and respect taboos around death & necromancy...?
I wonder if the "passing through the fire" is in reference to "Kabbalistic" fire baptism ritual
Probably not, the Kabbalah doesn't really exist until the 13th century in Europe. It's probably a Canaanite religious practice thought probably not child sacrifice strictly speaking.
@@TheEsotericaChannel Thanks for responding! I think I was confusing the Gnostic baptism rituals with Kabbalah (and not Kabbalah in the Middle ages, but more like the rituals that later Kabbalah may have been based on). I might just be digging too deep into it
Wonderful piece, as always. Thank you.
Many thanks!
I think we’re friends on fb
Makes me wonder if the "belly-talking" or "ventriloquist" reference in the Greek may be what we would now refer to as "channelling", the ritual possession by the spirits of a deity or dead person.
Thanks Dr Sledge for another fascinating video lecture!
I was pleasantly surprised you discussed the witch of En Dor.
In my history of interpretation class, we discussed several texts among the church fathers on “the Belly Myther at En Dor,” beginning with Origen, that attempt to interpret this text. It’s very interesting, though I don’t know if it’s directly beneficial for your research. The question I had while reading these texts is why did 1 Sam 28 garner so much attention among the church fathers. I think the answer I would give is because the text was so troubling to Christians reading their Bible (the LXX) in that they were catechized to rid themselves of all magic and be baptized unto Christ, but here, smack dab in the middle of their Bible, is this text that seems to condone those magical and occultic practices.
Also about Tel Arad (yes, it's one of THOSE days xD):
Herzog, the archeologist who finalized and organized all the finds and reports from all excavations at the site has come to the conclusion that the temple was sealed somewhere during the 7th century BCE. Based on the nature of the sealing, as well as the fact that nothing was broken or disrespected like it was at a gate temple at Lachish, he came to the conclusion that it was done possibly by the soldiers stationed at the fort. Based on the margine of error in the dating, he also concludes it was possibly sealed during the first half of the 7th century, placing it during the time of Hesekhia (how do you spell חזקיהו in englisg I have no idea).
Other archeologists (whom I forgot the name of but that notion is aggreed in both Tel Aviv and HUJI) have also came to the agreement that josiah most likely hasnt done any major religious reforms, and just like the kings of the northern Levant he was affiliating himself with the acts of his grandfather Hasi (yeah I'll name hesekiah hasi from now on xD)
I am enjoying your shiurem.
They are very enlightening.
Thank you so much.
You are a very clever man
I loved this video. One thing that kinda bugged me is how Endor is combined into one word even though it really should be "En" or "Ein" Dor. Its like a town in Israel Ein Gedi. Its not Engedi, but two separate words meaning "Spring of Gedi" or the "Spring of the Goat". Kind of pedantic but I think its an important distinction since there are a decent amount of place names with "En" in the beginning. Also, any recs for a good academic study bible of both the Torah and the New Testament?
Holy! LOL...I thought of Endor myself from Empire Strikes Back, I think, just turned 49 Dec. 28th 2023...loved those movies as a kid, Ewak's and the Redwoods, flying cycles, that I used to dream about flying then turned to any stick, and later I would have to jump off the roof the catch the air or whatever, everything had to be just right to fly, later in adult life I've been able to soar like an eagle but not much flying in the last 20 years or so....I used to love it so much...I loved flying in planes too, especially take off and landing's...so fun as a kid...
Pretty much anything that turns you away from the Almighty is banned. This is the main reason Idolatry was forbidden
So that leaves a big question. Are Christian proficient spiritist ? Since Jesus have us “authority” to rebuke “demons”.?
Weren't the prophets constantly berating the Israelites for worshipping other gods?
The gods of the heathen nations Yes and also idols itself but not the holy angels/holy gods and neither the spirit of the idols which came from the holy angels
What is weather forecasting if not looking at clouds to predict the future. Quite possibly the Bible bans meteorology...
Great Point..
Also about the act of Linkov (לנקוב):
From what I could find in the archeological record of the levant, during the middle and late bronze age (ca 2100-1200 BCE) there was a practice of stabbing clay bricks of figurines which had a name or a collection of names on them. Sometimes these clay clums had nothing scribled on them. The names listed on these artifacts are of locations or individuals, but as far as I could tell there were no gods or divine powers mentioned, of any kind. So perphaps this ban is more so a specification on a practice that was remembered from the past, and less of a ban on a practice that was done by others. In other words, it's possible the original practice was banned against all gods of the Canaabite pantheon, and the writer of the text just specified the biblical god since the rest were irrelevant
That's a really good point! In terms of differentiation from neighboring cultures Dr S. was highlighting, it seems quite likely that at least some of the practices being denigrated might've been ones in use amongst the surrounding cultures & not necessarily by the proto-Hebraic nation itself? (Or at least, not as a magic development native to their own belief system.)
I know very little about the archaeology of the Philistines etc I'm afraid, esp. whether there's any surviving written records of their own laws & culture. Has anything been found there that corresponds to the divination descriptions in Leviticus etc...?
@@anna_in_aotearoa3166 there were very limited written records found in northern philistines settlements in modern day syria, but as far as I can tell only 1 was published and currenly thanks to assad murdering his own people any research there is impossible for the forseeble future (my spelling is hurendous because I just woke up xD)
The serpent or nakash represents the enemy who came from the sky. It was common knowledge back then that the plumed serpent & the fallen ones of Genesis 6 (whom taught their human wives this type of magick along with melting metals for war etc) The Rapha or Raphaim aka the dead are the children of fallen angels that walked the earth as their fathers were the fallen ones, they were also Demi gods
In the babolian tulmud still holds loads of knowledge to magic today
The Witch of Endor summoning an Eloheim makes me curios as that sounds similar to a Shikigami, or a ritual god summoned by Onmyojo diviners in japan. They were a familiar of sorts created from the ritual and given life from the summoners magical power, but were dangerous and could kil their master. But the conception of a Kami is very different to western gods so I'm not sure on it.
It's possible this was written when YWHW was replacing El Eloheim and so Eloheim was being in a way demonized as a servant of sorcerers and necromancers.
correct your spelling please
In a somewhat amusing parallel, there are a number of lines in the Ancient Greek comedies of Aristophanes that no Greek scholar today can understand. They are thought to be obscene jokes, but the point is lost
Honestly, that kind of drift doesn't take long... 😏 Even reading books from the 1950s can be odd or difficult now because slang and also cultural taboos around things like sex & marriage have changed so much - we can easily miss what all the fuss is about. It's no wonder that half the dirty jokes in Shakespeare need footnotes to comprehend them now, let alone those in the Classical Greek & Roman texts!
I find it both fascinating & frankly scary how so many of these texts like the Bible or Shakespeare strongly persist into today & still get considered as seminal guides to behaviour, even when so much nuance & context has been lost as to make parts of them essentially unintelligible?
@@Dowlphin Like so much of the scriptures, in every faith!! 🤭 Between the translation losses, mistranslations, reinterpretations for more modern concerns, various approved/non-approved content left in/out over the centuries, and just the loss of so much of the original cultural contexts for the writings...?
Berytus or Beruit Lebanon was where they practiced the law, solitude, fasting and thankfulness to attain higher degrees of inner and outer powers. Sozomen studied there.
I was taught a meditation by a Hebrew rabbi that is like magic to me. Exhale all your breath hold for 10 seconds inhale slowly hold your breath for ten seconds. Do this three times. Then exhale all your breath hold for 5. Inhale slowly hold your breath hold for 5 seconds. Put your palm on the center of your chest and while exhaling focus on the center of your chest. Then bring up a memory that is either of joy love compassion or holiness and try to refeel the feelings. Lose the image and go with the feelings. You can then ask a question of your higher self. The part of you that is closest to God. Wait for some kind of response. It works. If you try it enjoy it
The priestly blessing ammulet was probably buried either with the owner or like a sefer torah as a geniza.
Also the yaduah see zohar balak.
Great video as always 👍
Only recently came across your channel. Thank you so much for letting out this knowledge. I love your sense of humour. We would be mates in 🏴 …😊
"None can sit on the sanhedrin unless he has knowledge of magic "
Of course, but why? Why does the Talmud come to that conclusion. Let's not quote things out of context.
Well spoken Dr. you are also a wonderful wordsmith...
oh man the Ewok thing had me cracking up
I love the lessons and at least as dumb as I am still always get so much of your vidz.Thk You
From your description of ov, I thought that meant a medium, because in a sense, they communicate like how a ventriloquist communicates thru their props. Yide oni brought to mind asking ancestors, maybe?
Thnx for beautiful knowledge the divine wisdom god bless you all Amen
I've been saying for decades that the Bible's apparent occult terms were never defined and nobody seemed to really know what they mean. Nobody listened to me and I got into some bitter arguments but nobody came up with good counter arguments. Christians just assume that the Bible condemns everything we, today, think is "occult" and insist this is the case, with no evidence.
Another fantastic video by my man, The Hammer.
Shalom!
Excellent!
Dr. Sledge, do you have any plans on doing a video on the Nehushtan of Numbers 23? It's one of my favorite stories from the Hebrew Bible (and from a book that few people look at these days, alas!), and as it is directly cited by at least one Christian Gospel writer, and has a whole further relevance for various Gnostic interpreters and for some modern practitioners, it might make an intriguing discussion topic!
Thank you for the video. Really enjoyed watching it!
I couldn’t find the episode where you discuss the permitted Israelite magical practices such as the use of the Urim and Thumim. I first learned about it from Latter Day Saint Theologian Hugh Nibley
yes,please. A video about the ephod and umim and thumim. When I mentioned this to a Christian pastor he looked perplexed and said "Are you sure?"lol
This is deep deep Jewish history and mythology. He's probably not studied down this path so deeply.
@@AndrewMaksym It's not that obscure. Urim and Thumim is right there in Exodus, mentioned several times. If they read the book carefully or went to seminary, I don't how a Christian priest or paster would have never encountered these words.
I also imagined a bunch of Ewoks with the witch of endor.
Jonathan Kleck says our souls r trapped in a quilipot, as seen at the feet of the statue of liberty. Others say were prisoners trapped and recycled in avatars via frequencies, now defeated.
Great content!
Me: Huh, dark clouds. Looks like it's gonna rain today.
The law: NO CLOUD DIVINATION
I hope you don't mind my asking: why do you wear a kippah? Are you Jewish?
Yep!
Where is the other video?
Interesting.
Glad you think so!
Correct me if I'm wrong, but doesn't elohim mean a disembodied being? Like, it can be any being as long as it doesn't have a body? Not sure if I'm correct there, so I'd appreciate any insight. Thanks!
At one point you claim: "if it wasn't happening, it wouldn't be prohibited". This makes perfect sense. So, why then, does the prohibition of "Fire baptism" get a pass? Essentially- what is it about this case that makes you think they were prohibiting something that you believe wasn't happening so much at the time?
I think that section of Deut. is rather late and the Moloch sections are probably more of a memory of a practice than what was actually still being practiced. For instance, there are references to Josiah destroying Moloch sites, i.e., the infamous 'tophet' but no reference to them being used or persecuting the people that used such sites. If I'm correct that this section of Deut was basically written to justify the religio-political ambitions of Josiah then the actually practice - including much non-Jerusalem Yahweh worship such as at Tel Arad - would come an end prior to the writing of this text. However, Jeremiah does mention Molech worship a century later though it has a kind of historical ring to it as well. It's a bit of a razor margin and you are right to point this out. I could totally be wrong. It would be interesting to see when scholars like Dever think that non-Yahweh worship went extinct in the region.
I have heard that a m’khasheifah is supposed to mean specifically a type of a woman mage, that does evil spells like you know, curses to put on cheaters for the wife’s or evil eyes. And honestly these specific types of women exist to this day because female nature gives you a lot more opportunity to use shamanic powers + women prefer to stay away from straight confrontations and physical violence. So that makes witches mostly female. I’m not saying that there was no mysoginy, but bible also has verses specifically for males who use demons for magic so I can accept this.
What do you mean "pass them through the fire as a type of baptism". How would the kid survive that
Whether or not this is an example of paganism mixed with ancient Israel or not is actually my inquiry here but wasn't the term and idea of a scapegoat derived from the ancient Torah?
The whole current bible is full of magic- there’s hoodoo in them psalms! But yet they don’t reveal the Dead Sea scrolls... now there’s the real answers...
Had a thought a while ago that the bible is some kind of spellbook that can be used for good or for evil. Alot of the symbolism reminds me of tarot cards as well. It's pure alchemy.
@@1and253 the Bible is a roadmap to salvation
@@ScallopHolden nah not really if you know white men tampered with the Bible not trying to be racist but ik people did tamper withit
@@Iconicnotcon the dead sea scrolls are a thing and show that the Bible is translated accurately. You're not trying to be racist you're just saying racist things without evidence
@@Iconicnotcon they tampered it but the Lord of spirits will give you wisdom through the webs of lies!
Is there any teachings of temple work from the Alexandria library with Isis, Osiris, of the such? I know that Jesus did also study at one of these Egyptian temples in which were kept at the Alexandria library??
Very good.!!!
Can we revive dead persons with magic?
You can't
Very interesting.
Absolutely brilliant, thank you for such an informative and well articulated look into this most fascinating subject!
So there was no verses speaking against astrology as well??
I have question ..can you help me ?
21:24 "im about it" lmfaoooooo on period King 🙌
Great content Dr Sledge. Wait so Baalat-ob saw elohim rising from the earth, so plural.... maybe demons/aliens manifested and scared the bejasus out of old Baalat-ob. Then samuel turned up wit the bad news for saul who sounds a bit of a nob to be fair.
! What is the passsover .or isn't there a word for Seder when its only female attending? I often wonder if Mary Magdalene had divination knowledge. Perhaps helped Jesus with His mystic experience?? Perhaps? & Why include outsiders such as The Magi in NT who practice astronomy etc to find The Child.
So the jews did practice magic or witchcraft?
Yep, like everyone else.
@@TheEsotericaChannel Its suspected Muslims as well. But the average Muslim will deny that except those few who secretly do. Wearing eg taweez (a form of amulet) etc.
With Indonesian Muslims to go around the issue of tattoos in the Koran they might have inserts needles ("sasuk") and various other items underneath the skin. (note: I have never heard anything good that comes from it. Theres seems to be always some cost to it. And in some cases the needle inserters ends up being a black magician and uses the insert to control you. Not mention compels victims of the insert to come back each year often to give them payment. Its like some kind of remote slavery.)
BTW can you do a video on Tatoos. I know it's practiced in some cultures eg. for protection etc. From what I know its ban in the bible.
Wait, the guy in the WEF who is said to push transhumanism wrote a book on magic?
I know this video is old and you only very briefly mentioned the subject, but have you read the book Child Sacrifice in Ancient Israel by Dewrell? He argues that the “mlk” rituals aren’t dedicated to a god Moloch, were adopted during the reign of Ahaz from their Phoenician neighbors, and were directed towards Yahweh.
I’m not entirely sold on all of his arguments, but there are Punic stele mentioning a rite of the same name where they burn children with to some sort of vow being made. And if it existed in the colonies, I don’t think it’s much a stretch to say the practice existed in Phoenicia proper. Whether the sacrifices being in Yahwism is a product of syncretism or comes from a common ancestor with the Phoenicians, I don’t lean too far either way, but it does seem likely to me that the recipient was Yahweh himself and not a foreign god
You have a Hebrew mistake at around minute 15. Nokev, of the root Nakav, also means to Name something. In case you read Hebrew, example sentence:
בשיעור התבקשתי לנקוב בשמות ראשי הממשלה.
Right, I know that's a modern usage but I'm not sure it's a classical usage.