Esperanto lesson 5: Vocabulary, mal, direct object
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- เผยแพร่เมื่อ 7 ต.ค. 2024
- Learn Esperanto with my free Esperanto lessons!
This is the fifth lesson in a series of lessons for learning Esperanto, the international auxiliary language. By the end of this lesson, you will have learned more vocabulary. You will understand how the prefix mal- is used. You will also learn about how the accusative case is used to indicate direct objects. Feel free to leave comments on how I can improve my teaching methods.
Vocabulary: 0:20
Prefix mal-: 1:20
Direct objects in English: 2:28
Transitive and intransitive verbs: 3:11
Direct objects in Esperanto: 4:13
It's subjects like the -n ending that Duolingo is pretty bad at explaining, while this channel is good at explaining these things. Thank you for the help in understanding Esperanto a little more!
You're very welcome! I'm glad my explanations helped you.
American Esperantist It's these videos that help me cross from simply memorizing what to say to understanding WHY I am saying something. Since it's a big help, I had to express it. Thank you, again
Really? I did just fine after Duolingo explained it to me. Hmmm
@@phantasmaleye3879 the comment was pretty old so maybe duolingo is now doing a better job at explaining it
@@gothamtransitauthority7990 So you too are here after 6 years. Glad to see you.
This lesson made me realise that the simplicity of the language can make it harder to learn... Naturally (due to my background with English and Dutch) I'd translate my sentences in the "Mi amas vin" order, cause it's the same as "I love you" (and its Dutch equivalent). But because all the word orders are correct, you need to learn to "recognise" them all... Just something I was thinking about.
But again a good video!
+liquidstateofbeing You are absolutely right. The flexible word order can be challenging to recognize at first, but it also makes it easier for people to learn who have different linguistic backgrounds. As with any language, it gets easier with practice.
So learn only one way. They will understand you anyway
i speak Chinese, English and I'm learning Spanish, have tried to learn Japanese and French. And I have to say Esperanto give me a lot satisfaction XD
Same, except I haven't learned french, want to learn Chinese and speak Japanese. The satisfaction that Esperanto gives me is just indescribably great.
I really love the way you explain the direct object and the accusative. This is the thing that I struggle with the most, so far. Thanks!
Nathan Meier Awesome! I'm glad to hear that my clarifications helped.
Oh my god! I always thought the accusative was a pain and very hard to learn but with your explanation it was just so simple! I got it right away. The key is just "ask the verb" what/who. Example: To eat. To eat what? (eat is transitive). To sleep. To sleep what? (That makes no sense so to sleep is intransitive). You just add the N to the end of the object if it is transitive (if you can ask what/who to it).
I think the difficult part of learning Esperanto is to memorize all the nouns and adjectives
Hello! I'm a big fan omg yess so true
yep
I think this is a problem for all languages learners
yeah but for people that are multilingual and know a lot of european languages it probably isn't that hard.
most of them are pretty hard but some of them are driven from spanish which i think a lot of people know at least a little bit
@@cubealgs101 And French too!
Ĉambro, Tre
Latin
Urbo, Domo, Viro
Italian
Kafo, Infanto(maybe from the French "Infant")
And more
By far, the best channel to learn Esperanto.
Simple, straight to the point and recap.
Bona laboro!
esperanto estas facila lingvo! THe rules are quite straightforward. For me the hard bit is remembering all the possible suffixes prefixes... -er -ar -ul, -ej, -ist, -uj, -in etc.
thank you so much, you make this whole "n" thing so easy!
+Gustavo Villegas Thank you! :)
Mi lernas Esperanton. Dankon
dankon por viaj bonaj videoj!
I am a native russian speaker. Also I speak english, swedish and i learned deutsch.
In russian we have so much stuff like accusative so due to that Esperanto is pretty easy to learn.
Thank u for the video, hope u understand me)
These lessons are so good. Dankon
Thank you so so very much 😍😍🌈
Esperanto is so similiar to polish in many ways making it very easy to learn for people from Poland. Also, thank you for the excellent lesson and keep up the good work!
Thank you!
It's also the same of Latin, I speak Portuguese, French and some of Spanish, and most words are the same, so now you see, I'm Latin and found this language the same, you're slav and found this language the same, Esperanto should be spoken worldwide
That's interestting. Zamenhof (the creator of esperanto) was Polish, so it makes a lot of sense it would have a lot of similarities to it.
That word ending "-n," as well as the variability of word order is very similar to system of Japanese particles.
Actually, if I was to ever explain Esperanto to a Japanese person, I would probably literally translate "-n" to the を(wo/o) particle because they have an almost identical function. (As far as know.)
In korean, '~eul' has the same function either. Good that I speak korean so I had no problem understanding how '~n' works.
@@thepackman6741 oh hey, did you know that Japanese and Korean grammar are almost identical?
Both use word ending grammar particles with the verb placed at the end of sentences.
Actually, I'd like to learn Korean eventually, but I'm already learning a lot with Japanese and Mandarin, currently.
@@Flamerate1 Oh yeah I definetely acknowledge that. Korean and Japanese share a lot of aspects in terms of grammar structure or chinese loanwords, but deep down, they are wholly different languages. In a matter of phonemes, or basic vocabularies, or even in the usage of chinese loanwords, they differ. In other words, they are not in the same family, but more like just 'a language next door'. If you're really looking to learn Korean someday, well, umm... It's gonna be hard. But good luck, man.
Mi amas viajn videojn. Dankon😁❤️
Mi learn-as multe el vin
Mesmo sem saber inglês, estou assistindo os vídeos e aprendendo muito. Parabéns!
Wow two weeks on Duolingual and I've already learned all these concepts.
The basics of Esperanto are pretty simple compared to the basics of other languages. Congrats! Keep learning!
Love that language! I'm Spanish and I find it easier than English
I've had your channel subscribed for a little while but haven't had much time to watch them til now. SO glad I've found it. My girlfriend and I are trying to learn Esperanto and this is extremely helpful. Thanks for posting and teaching. Going jumping between this and Duolingo.
What is iffy about esperanto to me is that it's a narrow range of description. It's that there's default states of being (good, easy, soft) and is modified with mal- to indicate the opposite. It can still be simple and regular and have more words to indicate a greater range of possible states. Instead of malbona, how about mala
Instead of malfacile how about dificile
And so on
EDIT: this is the main reason I've been reluctant to learn it
Thanks for these videos! I look forward to my daily lesson! I literally have to stop my self from watching more then one a day... I'm trying not to over load my brain.
Tbh this is really helping a lot thank you for making these videos
This is amazingly easy! I can't believe this isn't more common.
Great lesson!...Now I understand better why some nouns did *not* end with "n" in Duolingual
It seems misleading to say that sentences with the same words but different word order mean "exactly" the same thing. Words that occur at or near the end of a sentence become the focus of the sentence while words at the beginning of a sentence become the topic we're talking about, so for example, if you say, "Vin mi amas," it means something like "You, I love (but as for someone else, who knows . . . ." If you say, "Vin amas mi," it feels more like "I'm the one who loves you." In Esperanto, the English passive is often better expressed by simply changing the word order. For example, "Tiun romanon tradukis franca verkisto" would mean "That novel was translated by a French writer.."
Thank you for bringing that to my attention. While the basic meaning of the sentence stays the same, changing word order can create some nuances in meaning. Please read this section of PMEG for more clarification: bertilow.com/pmeg/gramatiko/vortordo/frazpartoj.html
I don't know why I am on this page, but since I'm here... let's learn Esperanto! :D
Dankegon !
Mi amas la čanelo vin
Dankon 🥺❤️
I love your voice .From Spain.
Thank you! :)
Very enjoy your videos, thanks so much. Hope to see more lessons :)
+Ran Zhao Thank you!
Thank you for your simple and good video. Here is some questions.
Is it La akvo for ‘water’ or just akvo?
And if someone say just akvoj can it be understood as cups of water? Because ‘water’ itself cannot be plural?
la akvo - the water
akvo - water
akvoj - plural of water, in context of ordering a drink it could be:
Mi havos du akvojn, dankon - i will have two waters thankyou.
which could be assumed to mean two glasses of water.
but you could also say:
Mi havos du glasojn de akvo, dankon - I will have two glasses of water thankyou.
I can say: "dura kaj malmola", and the meaning is the same. Why not: "mola kaj maldura" ? Why choose mola "root" instead of dura?
Good question
really wished my school teached this
2:23 Imagine if he used the anglicized word 'olda' 🤣
could "they have small cats" also be "ili havas katetojn"
+Keith McClenney Kind of. The -et suffix doesn't only mean "small in size". It can also mean little, minuscule, etc. So there is a slight difference between "malgrandaj katoj" and "katetoj".
Amazing language and course. But why is the intimidating bricks wall background? 2
Idk
mi havis solemente ekutis a 5 lessonj kaj mi pensas cu mi podas lerni esperanton! Je aussi parles le francais creole alors, je crois que mon je peux bien comprends a cause l esperanto vien de latin comme le francais.
The -n is pretty difficult to understand, but I get it. Great tutorials!
Mi estas ecribas en Esperanto.
mi amas viaj videoj
*sniff sniff
You smell that? No dislikes. That is a very nice scent.
do like means satas
i was wondering the part where you said „ili ne šatas sekan panon „
can it also be „ili malšatas sekan panon“
or is that wrong
So esperanto has one case? The direct object -n ,-jn
Would "Ne ŝatas" and "Malŝatas" have the same meaning?
They mean slightly different things. Ne ŝatas means "doesn't like" and malŝatas means "dislike". You could not like something without disliking it.
@@AmericanEsperantist I like how the last sentence is misleading.
someone knows if the accusative case here works the same in german?
Your channel is amazing, dankon for the great work! (:
Mistless in most cases it does, but not always. A few verbs require a special case like dative instead. Also in German one has to memorize which case is to be used with which preposition. It also works the same way in most natural languages like Russian, Latin etc.
is this corrrect:
"mi volas havi nokton bonan de dormo"?
About the free word order. Aren't there semantic differences depending on the word order?
Depending on the sentence, yes. Bit word order is more free than in English.
I have 2 questions:
1 Does bad, short, ect. have their own words or are they only be said by using "mal"?
2 Let's say someone asked me if my cat is old."Ĉu via kato estas maljuna?" Can I say "Ne, ĝia estas ne." insted of "Ne, mia kato estas ne maljuna."?
Adjectives using the mal- prefix are their own words. And ne should go in front of the verb for your answer. "Mia kato ne estas maljuna". Or "Ne, ĝi ne estas maljuna"
American Esperantist Dankon (I watched your video explaining why it's better to use Dankon by the way)! ^w^
Great! :)
Hi, is "to speak" a transitive verb? Would I say "Mi parolas Esperato" or "Mi parolas Esperaton"?
+Griffin Y. You would say "Mi parolas Esperanton/la Anglan/la Francan."
Dankon!
ege sinteza viaj diroj, tamen klarigaj.
espereble multaj homoj ekinteresigxos ekstudi kaj lerni tiun ĉi mirindan lingvon, kies nomo indikas kaj/aŭ sugestas pacon kaj esperon.
gratulojn kaj bonŝancon al vi.
amikece,
jsgama
so basically every full sentence with a subject, verb, and noun must have the -n ending?
Not exactly. Objects end with O. When an object has an action performed upon it- it ends with N. o+n. So, if a pizza is being eaten you say: pizzon. I'm still learning, but this is how I believe it works.
I just wish the accusative wouldn't exist in Esperanto; I, personally wouldn't have any problem understanding 'mi trinkas akvo' instead of the correct form (it's still 'I drink water')
The thing is that many languages don't have a SVO word order, it would be unfair to not allow them to use their order.
Ni picon manĝas.
Japanese speakers may use their native word order as well.
Manĝas ni picon.
This one is also correct. It is just that you're also enjoying the English word order, so thank Zamenhof that you aren't forced to accostum yourself to a different word order. I'm a native Spanish speaker, and I give Esperanto my respect for also being able to use any order!
@@EnriqueLaberintico It's not about SVO word order but the accusative; in Spanish you may say 'como pan' or 'pan como' but in Esperanto you have to say 'Mi manĝas panon; or 'Mi panon manĝas' - pano still gets the accusative n
@@val91201 Spanish has so many verb conjugations that you can easily guess which one is the subject, but Esperanto only declines by tense.
@@EnriqueLaberintico So, what's your point? I'm not talking about declination (mi trinkas, vi trinkas li trinkas is all ok); I was talking about the noun getting an 'n' in the accusative form (mi trinkas vinoN), something that doesn't happen in any of the languages that I know.
This is the last time that I am trying to make you understand it.
What is the intro/outro music?
+Kirk Demerath That's actually just stock music provided by youtube free of charge.
Why is -N ending a thing when this is a custom language they can just not put the case in and no one would care
Hatujeme Let'splayery Hesky, Česky
You don’t understand because you’re a native English speaker
CodeKillerz I am not but OK... I am just saying if you are making a cutom language thats supposed to be easy why would you do such a thing... English doesn't have any accusative ending and it works normally
Hatujeme Let'splayery Hesky, Česky Because the language wasn't based on English or created for only English speakers. It uses elements from several different languages.
I find that because (English is my first language) I know a smattering of German, French, and Spanish words and their grammar, I can guess at many words. If I didn't know those languages and was an English only speaker, I'd find this language hard to learn because I don't know English grammar all that well. So when the instructor talks about direct/indirect object, transitive, accusitive, I'm not sure what that means. I can write standard business English extremely well and use sight and how things sound to me to correct myself. But I couldn't explain why something is wrong or why a sentence needs a comma here and a semicolon there. I just know.
If you don't understand your own language grammatically, then learning the grammatical concept for another language is that much harder. If you're not bilingual already, then learning a new language is that much harder, too, especially for English only speakers. They think languages share word order and meanings equivalencies when they don't.
His explanation of parts of sentence structure is very helpful to me.
The first second language I learned was ASL, which shares spoken French grammar rather than English. Learning to change my thinking and how to express myself in language equivalencies between it and English, but in a different grammatical structure was the first big step, same here. Its where Americans (for the most part) stumble.
Tomas Kuli I can speak several languages on a base level and I found many things that can be done easier in Esperano from a grammatical PoV. Every time I complain about cases in Esperanto, Esperantists start to convince me that it is not hard and that it the easiest language. I am very familiar with grammatical cases but I am mad at this language sometimes because I see many things that can be done easier but are done harder.
When you go to a French school, you’ll HAAAATE grammar
Why would the invertor of Esperanto make something as hard and useless ad direct/indirect objects !??!
What the fuck was he thinking ! I fail to see any remotely usefulness to adding -n at the end. As if people would be stupid enough not to understand that in "Ni manğas pico" the pizza is being eaten. So you have to say "Ni manğas picon".
Ps: my phone doesn't have the "hat" accent.
Anthony J. You don't understand because you're a native English speaker
Ni picon manĝas.
Japanese speakers may use their native word order as well.
Manĝas ni picon.
This one is also correct. It is just that you're also enjoying the English word order, so thank Zamenhof that you aren't forced to accostum yourself to a different word order. I'm a native Spanish speaker, and I give Esperanto my respect for also being able to use any order!
Could you add some music to the videos, please?
Wait, why is there a separate word for "dry?" Wouldn't "malakva" also mean "dry?"
(mi ŝatas la videojn)
Other things can be wet besides water, so there are separate words "seka" and "malseka" which mean dry and wet, respectively. You could use the word "akvoplena" to indicate something full of water.