Awesome beta software acquisition from an actual Microsoft beta tester! That was very generous of him! Way to go to David from Virginia Beach, VA! I have never seen all the physical beta software media before. Have you considered archiving all of them on The Internet WayBack Machine Archive for future video and screenshot showcases yet? Also, I would love to see you upload demonstration videos of all the beta material you received from David, so can you please upload them soon? I would really appreciate it. Thank you!
I really wonder if MJD uploads ISO image,VS6.0 RC1 and NT4.0 SP4 Beta currently doesn't exists on the internet,and the others' build number also need to be verified
Thats a nice idea, but one flaw... What makes you all think he will archive this stuff? most of this stuff needs a product key, which he doesnt wanna put out there, for legal reasons. Sure, preserving software *is* in fact different in this case, as more software are abandoned by copyright holders each day, but some need a key to be installed, or even ran all together. Im pretty much saying if he isnt willing to give even a beta key, which is the same key for all testers, he probably won't archive this stuff either. *But lots of this stuff is already on the net anyway, so, you really wont miss out if he isnt gonna archive this stuff...*
I sadly lost the MSN commemorative CD ages ago to a burglary, but fun fact: the "subscription" for MSN beta premium access from that test still shows on my Microsoft account page to this day.
I find the VMware "Ready to Run" discs interesting, as it predated the "virtual appliances" they offered on their website, which in 2008 included a "Browser Appliance"*, and I assume was an interesting way to promote VMware Workstation, back when it was just called "VMware". I wonder if you plan to just get the VM files off the disc and run it in the current version, and/or demonstrate the older version of VM Workstation that it was bundled with. *(based on Ubuntu 5.10, with its visual style that would later become known as "LegacyHuman", that also led me to installing the full distro on my Compaq Evo N400c)
@@damian9303 To be honest, I understand his stance; after all it is a rather special donation that has been entrusted to him, and it should be treated with respect. Having said that, I also have to admit that I would honestly not mind getting my grubby mittens on some of that software lol
PLEASE dump these to the Beta Archives forums if you haven't already! I'm sure WinWorldPC would also gladly accept some of these :) What a generous donation!
The Netscape Communicator CD looks really interesting. My parents and I had Netscape on our old Windows 98 SE machine. We used it prior to switching to America Online. Great video!
i remember my days on the beta program, as well as attending MS events and getting free copies of the new o/s being promoted at the event. got everything from xp-64bit upto windows 7 from events, and a ton of server and other stuff in the post from being a beta tester Australia didnt get as much or as good as U.S did
Could you try to install Androidx86 on the 5$ Win98 PC? Old versions (4.4 and older) can actually work on 512 MB of ram (version 1.0 was designed to work on just 32 MB)
@@bedantadey6554 i wasnt a ms developer my uncle was one 1999-2006 he gave me his copy of windows me dev preview he said it was awsome being a ms dev but that it was lot time consuming i will suggest you too be a ms dev if you have lots of time
This video reminds me, I have a Vista Beta 2 disc signed by Jim Allchin around somewhere. I don't remember why Jim sent me a signed disc it was over 15 years ago, but I'm grateful.
8:00 MJD talks about the packaging,I think the main reason depends which group Microsoft was distribute to. most of testing software and OS was used for testing internally so there's not too much information on the disk,some of them distribute to beta testers so it might contains basic information on the disc and packaging.Public beta and RC releases will contains more details and might have the same information identical as future release for sale. MJD shows Windows Server 2003 RC1 Packaging contains more information disc and manuals so Microsoft might distribute them to some big company to test them for real-time server testing 9:50 I thought Microsoft's all 1 Serial Key could be passed was a bug,seems like I was wrong,Microsoft actually using it as beta testing serial key.Because it could passed in almost any software and OS setups if any serial key using this format
I did Beta testing for Microsoft from Win98 right through to the time they moved to the insider previews which was the end of such an awesome time in my life. I still have all the Alpha/Beta CD's which Microsoft used to ship via DHL to me all the way over in Australia including Win98, Win98 SE, Plus! 98, WinMe, WinXP, Win Home Server but that's not even half of my collection. :) Sometime around 1999 I joined the Microsoft Games Core Group which was a very small group given the privelge to Beta test all the fantastic games Microsoft were realising in what you could probably describe as the goldern period of the Microsoft Games Studio. In no particular order, StarLancer, Baseball 2000, Baseball 2001, International Football 2000, NBA Drive 99 (later became NBA Inside Drive 2000), Halo, Fable: The Lost Chapters, MechWarrior 4: Mercenaries, Zoo Tycoon, Asheron's Call, Age of Mythology, Freelancer, MechWarrior Vengeance, Combat Flight Sim 2, Combat Flight Sim 3, Impossible Creatures, Motorcross Madness 2, Midtown Madness 2, Dungeon Seige, NFL Fever 2000, Crimson Skies, RalliSport Challenge, Flight Simulator 2000, 2004. Before anyone asks, yes I've tried backing up the data on these game CD's but unfortunately disc rot is a really bad problem with these discs and I'm struggling to get data off some of them. :( In hindsight I wish I started making copies of these much earlier as Alpha/Beta copies of many of these games just don't seem to exist anywhere. At the very least I will make scans of the discs as many of them had some great artwork done up. Great to see more of the discs still out there instantly gives me fond memories. :)
@@damian9303 All the Windows Beta's I have are out there already. Everyone got major releases and while there are some interm builds I have on CD, these also went out to a fairly large pool of testers who reported certain bugs. The real rare interm builds that made it out to testers were download only for the majority of us with the only CD's being sent to select testers that they required feedback from and wanted to ensure they had a copy.
While I don’t personally collect betas, I’m very intrigued by versions that either radically changed the UI (Windows NT 4), radically changed the architecture (NT 3.1), or did both (Windows 95) just to see which ideas did get implemented and to see which were dropped.
Wow thats neat. I have the Windows Me beta and final copy discs back when I participated in that. Man. That was a different time period in Microsofts history. Kinda miss that version of Microsoft.
lol for some reason i got so excited when i saw this video pop up when i opened YT I was like: :000000000 An MJD Video (thanks for all the content that you do and all that you teach me :)
I cant say for sure without having a copy of the discs contents/an iso of each disc, but I believe the msn gold disc and msdn videos disc have never been dumped in any form before.
Hi Michael, this was a really great video! I would like to see a Windows Server migration video series, for instance from Windows NT 4 to Windows Server 2019, going through Windows NT 5 and Server 2003, the one you got in the package 😱 Besides, I can see a lot of development tools within this package, related to Visual Studio and .NET, it would be awesome to see those installed in a Windows OS contemporary to those tools, such as Windows XP or Windows Vista. However, developer tools are not fun for everybody (I'm a .NET software developer so I would enjoy watching that kind of content). Keep up the good work!
I think we would like to see videos about ALL of the discs. 😀 By the way awesome collection, I only have the Vista RC1 32 bit in a paper case. I got it from the PCWorld magazine when I had a subscription.
They were sent fro big enterprises to audit the software with their deployment my dad used ot have a lot of them form job. It was combined with the licensing scheme of the time where the cds were only evaluation and you could license them in the license center
Please make a copy of these contents and scan the covers/containers and up them on the Internet Archive or similar; they're interesting ^^ Good channel and hands btw (heart
That gold MSN CD is AWESOME, I really want to know if there is something different in that version of msn but given that the servers are now dead, it might be impossible to know what changed from the original one... Right? 👀
The MSN beta program wasn't hard to get into, it was a simple matter of applying online. As far as I'm aware, basically anyone who applied was accepted at the time. I had one of those gold discs as well. Not sure what happened to it, most likely lost it in a move years ago.
Well michael u fixed my day as i saw notification❤️❤️,is it safe now to install windows 7 updates in 2020 even if it is ended bcs for me it wants to install them
It's always safe to install updates, they might be old or related to a program you just installed like microsoft office or like me you could somehow be getting security updates, i got one in september but it wouldn't install.
I had a lot of them.. but all what is left of it is Windows .NET (RC1) (RC2) and Office 2003 BETA and also Windows 2003 Final Enterprise, and Smal Business I was A technet Subscriber and also in the MS Partner Programm. And i also have the Virsual Studio Betas Thank you for that Video
I am interested on this Server Longhorn, I wonder if it is pre or post reset. Probably is post reset because of the Vista name together. Still I wonder how this Longhorn server looks like, if it's closer to 2003 Server or 2008 Server.
Wow, when Microsoft actually had beta testers. Now EVERYONE'S a beta tester. They be like, "You're a beta tester! You're a beta tester! Everybody's a beta tester!"
comparing NT5 Workstation to windows 2000 might be interesting as windows 2000 had shared ui elements with winme and the nt5 beta would predate the two being made to look similar. i'd be curious to know if its win2k with win98 styling or more like nt4/win95.
Love how the VMWare disc cover is a parody of Kraftwerk’s ‘Man-Machine’ with the VM team’s heads photoshopped onto the band members. :-)
That makes sense. I thought it was some sort of Soviet propaganda poster when I first saw it.
Not even a part of the main topic but man, I loved that
Whoever suggested it has some great taste
Woah... physical copies of Longhorn? Now, that's not something you see everyday. That's cool!
It will be cooler if it's pre-reset ones.
Especially a copy of Odyssey.
@@juangutierrez5400 Odyssey was meant to be the business version of neptune, and was cancelled before any builds were made.
You spoiled me
What about a copy of neptune ?
Awesome beta software acquisition from an actual Microsoft beta tester! That was very generous of him! Way to go to David from Virginia Beach, VA! I have never seen all the physical beta software media before. Have you considered archiving all of them on The Internet WayBack Machine Archive for future video and screenshot showcases yet? Also, I would love to see you upload demonstration videos of all the beta material you received from David, so can you please upload them soon? I would really appreciate it. Thank you!
Hello Ceo100able
@@lucasmunerati5928 Hi there! How are you doing?
I really wonder if MJD uploads ISO image,VS6.0 RC1 and NT4.0 SP4 Beta currently doesn't exists on the internet,and the others' build number also need to be verified
Thats a nice idea, but one flaw...
What makes you all think he will archive this stuff? most of this stuff needs a product key, which he doesnt wanna put out there, for legal reasons. Sure, preserving software *is* in fact different in this case, as more software are abandoned by copyright holders each day, but some need a key to be installed, or even ran all together.
Im pretty much saying if he isnt willing to give even a beta key, which is the same key for all testers, he probably won't archive this stuff either. *But lots of this stuff is already on the net anyway, so, you really wont miss out if he isnt gonna archive this stuff...*
@@inny74 there are probably other ways without using product keys if you know what i mean
and it would be cool to just have it all
This collection could not be in better hands, I can't wait for future videos with these softweres, great video!
Thank you!
@@MichaelMJD You're welcome.
@@damian9303 ikr
The best hands are the ones that share their stuff.
@@damian9303 No need to be so rude to him, he's just trying to respect that this was a special donation.
I sadly lost the MSN commemorative CD ages ago to a burglary, but fun fact: the "subscription" for MSN beta premium access from that test still shows on my Microsoft account page to this day.
I find the VMware "Ready to Run" discs interesting, as it predated the "virtual appliances" they offered on their website, which in 2008 included a "Browser Appliance"*, and I assume was an interesting way to promote VMware Workstation, back when it was just called "VMware". I wonder if you plan to just get the VM files off the disc and run it in the current version, and/or demonstrate the older version of VM Workstation that it was bundled with.
*(based on Ubuntu 5.10, with its visual style that would later become known as "LegacyHuman", that also led me to installing the full distro on my Compaq Evo N400c)
I find this comment interesting C:
Make sure to copy everything for archival purposes!!!!
@@damian9303 yeah thats unfortunate..
@@damian9303 To be honest, I understand his stance; after all it is a rather special donation that has been entrusted to him, and it should be treated with respect.
Having said that, I also have to admit that I would honestly not mind getting my grubby mittens on some of that software lol
@@BertGrink Plus Microsoft has taken down some videos before for having the product keys shown.
@@damian9303 the keys probably can identify who it was
it's more of just protecting the person's identity
BetaArchive staff will still probably hoard those images lol.
This looks epic and I haven't even seen it yet. Didn't even know there were physical copies out there!
wow he's pretty lucky to be a beta tester and your pretty lucky on getting the beta stuff pretty rare
Yes sir. Much lucky, @MJD Micheal
Thank David. He was the beta tester and the person who sent this.
@@ohmagod same here also
0:15 *AW SERIOUSLY!*
Ya gotta dump this stuff for us! Even if it's already online, it's nice to have another copy for verification
The Kraftwerk cover looks sick.
PLEASE dump these to the Beta Archives forums if you haven't already!
I'm sure WinWorldPC would also gladly accept some of these :)
What a generous donation!
The Netscape Communicator CD looks really interesting. My parents and I had Netscape on our old Windows 98 SE machine. We used it prior to switching to America Online. Great video!
The special edition MSN disc would make a great video (:
I REALLY want to see you install those physical copies of longhorn. They aren’t something you see every day!
One of those CDs is probably an unleaked beta build!
6:01 I love the parody of Kraftwerk's 'The Man-Machine' album cover for VMWare's sleeve.
i remember my days on the beta program, as well as attending MS events and getting free copies of the new o/s being promoted at the event.
got everything from xp-64bit upto windows 7 from events,
and a ton of server and other stuff in the post from being a beta tester
Australia didnt get as much or as good as U.S did
1:58 i'm proud to be featured. my post is at the very bottom, the one that says "[REQUEST] Windows 95 Disk 18".
I LOVE the videos where you unbox stuff and show off your collection! Keep doing more please!
It's some awesome that you've got this. This is very exciting for the whole community! ❤️❤️❤️
Could you try to install Androidx86 on the 5$ Win98 PC? Old versions (4.4 and older) can actually work on 512 MB of ram (version 1.0 was designed to work on just 32 MB)
I will have to try that! It will go well with another video idea I got recently
@@MichaelMJD Just remember that android was never designed with mouse and keyboard in mind
@@tezcanaslan2877 Yes it was. Original Android phone had physical keyboard and trackball
@@greg56599 But not other phones
@@tezcanaslan2877 it is
I think they all deserve there own dedicated video. Especially the MSN Collectors Edition.
Preinstalled VMs? In a disk??! Now that's impressive 😲😃
I have the first developer release of Windows ME and y need to say that the beta is way more stable than Windows ME seriously it runs so fast
@@winmactutoriales5218 you were a ms developer?! please, is there any way i can talk to you? i wanna be a ms dev in future...
@@bedantadey6554 i wasnt a ms developer my uncle was one 1999-2006 he gave me his copy of windows me dev preview he said it was awsome being a ms dev but that it was lot time consuming i will suggest you too be a ms dev if you have lots of time
@@winmactutoriales5218 wow! i am just 15 now so i guess i'll have lots of time in the future
This video reminds me, I have a Vista Beta 2 disc signed by Jim Allchin around somewhere.
I don't remember why Jim sent me a signed disc it was over 15 years ago, but I'm grateful.
Woah that's really cool!
I haven't even watched yet and can already tell this is a great video
Yes, I confirm those were longhorn and vista discs, as I was also in that beta, and they sent that generic letter to everyone
8:00 MJD talks about the packaging,I think the main reason depends which group Microsoft was distribute to.
most of testing software and OS was used for testing internally so there's not too much information on the disk,some of them distribute to beta testers so it might contains basic information on the disc and packaging.Public beta and RC releases will contains more details and might have the same information identical as future release for sale.
MJD shows Windows Server 2003 RC1 Packaging contains more information disc and manuals so Microsoft might distribute them to some big company to test them for real-time server testing
9:50 I thought Microsoft's all 1 Serial Key could be passed was a bug,seems like I was wrong,Microsoft actually using it as beta testing serial key.Because it could passed in almost any software and OS setups if any serial key using this format
test some of these disks on the 5$ pc that would be awesome
Those longhorn discs look really interesting... perhaps there is stuff on there we haven't found yet or fig up (?), unlikely tho
the windows vista release candidate 1 would be an enjoyable one to watch. like a comparison between candidate 1 and the final version.
I did Beta testing for Microsoft from Win98 right through to the time they moved to the insider previews which was the end of such an awesome time in my life. I still have all the Alpha/Beta CD's which Microsoft used to ship via DHL to me all the way over in Australia including Win98, Win98 SE, Plus! 98, WinMe, WinXP, Win Home Server but that's not even half of my collection. :)
Sometime around 1999 I joined the Microsoft Games Core Group which was a very small group given the privelge to Beta test all the fantastic games Microsoft were realising in what you could probably describe as the goldern period of the Microsoft Games Studio. In no particular order, StarLancer, Baseball 2000, Baseball 2001, International Football 2000, NBA Drive 99 (later became NBA Inside Drive 2000), Halo, Fable: The Lost Chapters, MechWarrior 4: Mercenaries, Zoo Tycoon, Asheron's Call, Age of Mythology, Freelancer, MechWarrior Vengeance, Combat Flight Sim 2, Combat Flight Sim 3, Impossible Creatures, Motorcross Madness 2, Midtown Madness 2, Dungeon Seige, NFL Fever 2000, Crimson Skies, RalliSport Challenge, Flight Simulator 2000, 2004.
Before anyone asks, yes I've tried backing up the data on these game CD's but unfortunately disc rot is a really bad problem with these discs and I'm struggling to get data off some of them. :( In hindsight I wish I started making copies of these much earlier as Alpha/Beta copies of many of these games just don't seem to exist anywhere. At the very least I will make scans of the discs as many of them had some great artwork done up.
Great to see more of the discs still out there instantly gives me fond memories. :)
@@damian9303 All the Windows Beta's I have are out there already. Everyone got major releases and while there are some interm builds I have on CD, these also went out to a fairly large pool of testers who reported certain bugs. The real rare interm builds that made it out to testers were download only for the majority of us with the only CD's being sent to select testers that they required feedback from and wanted to ensure they had a copy.
While I don’t personally collect betas, I’m very intrigued by versions that either radically changed the UI (Windows NT 4), radically changed the architecture (NT 3.1), or did both (Windows 95) just to see which ideas did get implemented and to see which were dropped.
You Scored big time Michael . I see some great Video content coming :) QC
The Windows .NET, Beta Evaluation, and Longhorn/Vista beta discs are catching my attention!
Wow thats neat. I have the Windows Me beta and final copy discs back when I participated in that. Man. That was a different time period in Microsofts history. Kinda miss that version of Microsoft.
Longhorn beta videos would be amazing to watch, like, do it in person and not just through a VM.
lol for some reason i got so excited when i saw this video pop up when i opened YT I was like: :000000000 An MJD Video (thanks for all the content that you do and all that you teach me :)
I'd like to see videos about Longhorn/Vista builds, especially if they're never seen before
Oh god you do not know how much I was into betas last year.
Can you take a look at those win NT 5.0 betas?
Microsoft Systems Management Server is now Microsoft SCCM (System Center Configuration Manager).
I cant say for sure without having a copy of the discs contents/an iso of each disc, but I believe the msn gold disc and msdn videos disc have never been dumped in any form before.
I would love to see those Longhorn Beta 1 discs installed in a VM, especially since there arent many Beta 1 builds listed on betawiki or winworldpc.
That golden CD beats Lightscribe by several horse lengths, in terms of awesomeness.
Would love to see some iso upload
Woah. Phisical longhorn discs? Heck, that's a bit unlikely, but those exact discs may contain unleaked builds!
These really should have been on the hands of someone who will actually DUMP THIS STUFF.
I fucking love the VMWare kraftwerk reference that’s amazing
Hi Michael, this was a really great video! I would like to see a Windows Server migration video series, for instance from Windows NT 4 to Windows Server 2019, going through Windows NT 5 and Server 2003, the one you got in the package 😱
Besides, I can see a lot of development tools within this package, related to Visual Studio and .NET, it would be awesome to see those installed in a Windows OS contemporary to those tools, such as Windows XP or Windows Vista. However, developer tools are not fun for everybody (I'm a .NET software developer so I would enjoy watching that kind of content). Keep up the good work!
These should all be ripped with something like Alcohol 120% and uploaded for archival purposes!
I think we would like to see videos about ALL of the discs. 😀 By the way awesome collection, I only have the Vista RC1 32 bit in a paper case. I got it from the PCWorld magazine when I had a subscription.
Got to say, Longhorn and Beta Vista discs are interesting and I would like to see them.
They were sent fro big enterprises to audit the software with their deployment my dad used ot have a lot of them form job.
It was combined with the licensing scheme of the time where the cds were only evaluation and you could license them in the license center
.net marketing was used to windows server as it was right when they released Visual studio .net 2002 and tried to promote it as a platform
Awesome video MJD! Make sure to install them in the future ;)
Please make a copy of these contents and scan the covers/containers and up them on the Internet Archive or similar; they're interesting ^^
Good channel and hands btw (heart
those are nice VMware sleeves they got, they look like the Album Cover of Kraftwerks album "The Man-Machine"
I want see you installing those longhorn CDs in your next video
PUT THEM ON INTERNET ARCHIVE!!!!!!
he could get into trouble because of copyright
@@SzymonPmc internet archive is exempt from DMCA
@@SzymonPmc why would they?
Microsoft literally didn't give a shit about the XP leak
@@TorutheRedFox well they did take it down
@@Tearnalte Source?
Oh hey! I live in VA Beach too! Shout-out to fans in VA Beach!
Videos over all of it would be awesome
I really want to see the Plus 98 beta!
That gold MSN CD is AWESOME, I really want to know if there is something different in that version of msn but given that the servers are now dead, it might be impossible to know what changed from the original one... Right? 👀
MJD:
I wish it came back :(
imagine it came with build 4000 on longhorn that would've been sick
Awesome video, Michael!
I hope you do videos where you check out the stuff on these disks.
That's a cool collection. Do any of the discs work? Even if it doesn't, it's still a good collection.
When I first took a look at the VM CDs, I thought they were HDCDs for Kraftwerk :-).
Okay i wanna see the VMWare discs ngl. Kinda interested to see if they install on modern hardware
Those VMWare disc sleeves look like Kraftwerk album covers
NetShow is now Windows Media Services.
The MSN beta program wasn't hard to get into, it was a simple matter of applying online. As far as I'm aware, basically anyone who applied was accepted at the time. I had one of those gold discs as well. Not sure what happened to it, most likely lost it in a move years ago.
i really want to see more about that windows nt 5.0 disk
The server discs were marked red green and blue because of RGB, not the microsoft logo.
Yoo, would be real cool to see these backed up to winworldpc with some images of the box art attached, if ya find the time. Some cool things in there
Well michael u fixed my day as i saw notification❤️❤️,is it safe now to install windows 7 updates in 2020 even if it is ended bcs for me it wants to install them
It's always safe to install updates, they might be old or related to a program you just installed like microsoft office or like me you could somehow be getting security updates, i got one in september but it wouldn't install.
That's a new level of nerdiness 😂 good stuff
I used to have the Windows Vista Beta CD and Microsoft Office Beta
Care to dump some of those discs?
I had a lot of them.. but all what is left of it is Windows .NET (RC1) (RC2) and Office 2003 BETA and also Windows 2003 Final Enterprise, and Smal Business I was A technet Subscriber and also in the MS Partner Programm. And i also have the Virsual Studio Betas Thank you for that Video
Now install all of this in the Dell Laptop that you used for the Windows Longhorn Upgrade Saga
I have a still sealed Vista beta 2 in it's dvd case.
I used to get all the albums of hundreds of MSDN CDs but they were all binned a good few years ago :(
I am interested on this Server Longhorn, I wonder if it is pre or post reset. Probably is post reset because of the Vista name together. Still I wonder how this Longhorn server looks like, if it's closer to 2003 Server or 2008 Server.
Longhorn Server (and Vista) beta 1 is build 5112 from July 2005, around 1 year after the reset.
I have a boxed (DVD Style box) of SQL, got it at a flea market for 50p
Please consider doing an Itanium build for that .NET server!
i found some of this beta stuff working in a thrift shop
Wow, when Microsoft actually had beta testers. Now EVERYONE'S a beta tester. They be like, "You're a beta tester! You're a beta tester! Everybody's a beta tester!"
I have the Beta 2 and RC1 of Vista in really cool DVD cases from Microsoft I also have the beta of Office 2007. 🤓
Maybe you could do a Beta day once a month or a week? Pick one from the package and make a video for it....
it would be so crazy if these builds were magically dumped!
You should make a video on that MSDN Event CD from 2004 because that is a cd i never heard of and i wonder whats on it.
Video Idea:Test all the betas on the $5 Windows 98 PC
I love beta stuff, and I bet all you guys do too
it all sounds interesting but I hope you rip those CDs and archive them online if they haven't already been ripped.
comparing NT5 Workstation to windows 2000 might be interesting as windows 2000 had shared ui elements with winme and the nt5 beta would predate the two being made to look similar. i'd be curious to know if its win2k with win98 styling or more like nt4/win95.
my father beta tested some stuff when he was in college don't know if he still has the disks though
The good old times.
I loved u x