The Greatest Pyramid Builder in History (Not Khufu)
ฝัง
- เผยแพร่เมื่อ 14 ก.ค. 2024
- When people think of the pyramids, the first thing that probably comes to mind is that Great Pyramid of Giza, or the ones next to it. But who is the person responsible for smooth-sided pyramid design in the first place? Years before the Great Pyramid came to be, there already were great pyramid projects in the works. Find out in this video who gets credit for the world's first true pyramid.
CONTENTS
00:00 Introduction
05:25 The Red (North) Pyramid
14:31 The Bent Pyramid
27:38 The Meidum Pyramid
Thank you for watching this episode of the #antiquitiestravelguide. We hope you enjoy it as much as we enjoyed making it.
Follow Natalie Hilder on social media:
►TWITTER: / nataliehilder
►INSTAGRAM: / nataliehilder
Looking for a guide in Egypt? Ehab is a great choice!
YOUNG TUT TOURS
►EMAIL: youngtuttours@gmail.com
►TELEPHONE: +20 114 760 5841
►INSTAGRAM: / ehabelshaer
►FACEBOOK: / yallaegypt360
►LEAVE A COMMENT
If your comment does not appear, try again with different words. TH-cam sometimes glitches and comments don't go through. Or if you use obscenities or slurs, they might flag your comment as potentially inappropriate.
►DOWNLOAD Professor Miano's free e-booklet: "Why Ancient History Matters":
mailchi.mp/a402112ea4db/why-a...
►SUBSCRIBE to the World of Antiquity TH-cam Channel for regular ancient history content.
► SUPPORT THIS CHANNEL
Supporters get access to behind-the-scenes videos, early-release videos, course discounts and more! / worldofantiquity
FTC Disclaimer Notice: Some of the links here may be affiliate links, meaning that if you click on them and purchase something on another website, I get a small commission. It doesn't cost you any extra, but I thought you should know! It does help support the channel.
► REFERENCES
archive.org/details/pyramidsc...
www.academia.edu/34692828/The...
www.academia.edu/33892681/The...
www.academia.edu/34122397/The...
www.researchgate.net/publicat...
www.academia.edu/32410244/The...
www.academia.edu/29056364/The...
www.academia.edu/35221693/Mas...
► SOUNDTRACK
Martin Klem, "Wind Cave"
Marc Torch, "No Plans (Indie Pop Version)"
Farrell Wooten, "Mystery Minutes"
Alec Slayne, "Traceless"
Ian Kelosky, "Abu Dhabi (Instrumental)"
Etienne Roussel, "Summer Days (2000s Rock Version)"
Christoffer Moe Ditlevsen, "Covert Affairs"
Victor Lundberg, "A Slow Descent"
Fantoms, "Like a Zip"
![[LIVE] ใครคุยเรื่องบอล "พ่องตาย" #คุยให้เด็กมันฟัง EP.43 (13/7/67)](http://i.ytimg.com/vi/8bHYL8RuBqs/mqdefault.jpg)
'We're gonna pick up some dates at the side of the road' means something very different in Egypt than it does in north america.
Hey good looking we’ll swing around and pick you up later… oh, wait.
I thought he was talking about historical dates at first...
😂😂😂
@@tripbreaker Yeah, MR MICROPHONE 🎤. Your the only one I know who remembers that! So COOL!
I think this is the first time I've seen the interior of the Bent Pyramid. Thanks very much.
Glad to see the inside of the Bent Pyramid, it was considered unstable and people weren't even allowed within 20 meters of it when I visited in 2018.
Better than the History Channel, Discovery, etc etc. This is the content I wish I had when I was a child. Even better, I have it in my 20s. Thank you sir
I said the same thing! I look forward to these videos and about half done with his older videos!
The problem with being educated on TH-cam is you dont get a degree which is the only thing society cares about. Growing educated from books or youtube but not actually being able to bennefit from it is maddening.
I have an above average IQ and have accumulated enough knowledge to warrant at least a bachelors degree; yet because I am a white man I was not allowed into university. Because of this i now live im poverty and contemplate suicide often. I wanted to be a lawyer and public defender. Im 33 now and soley focus on not retaliating against society for what you have done too me. Oh and not that you will belueve me but I was also born an orphan and though adopted the couple eventually divorced, one died and the other abandoned me.
I worked hard and hoped an education would save me but the sexist and racists prevented that. As such I am now an angry and resentful person.
So no. Education and knowledge means nothing. Not practically. The world only respects money and ruthlessness now. Dont fucking fool yourselves. No one cares about you beyond what value you provide to them. In the case of the for profit universities it is money and the power to determine which demographic is allowed to participate in the middle and upper class. Everyone else just gets relegated to debt oriented indentured servitude as a servant class.
I hope for the asteroid that kills you all every night.
History for granite is gr8 Channel
Both have been shams producing entertainment content for at least a decade and a half.
This is so awesome. Thank you for putting your adventures on here for us to enjoy! :)
My favorite travel guide video so far! Fascinating stuff, only wish Natalie could’ve been able to enjoy the day to its fullest
Fun fact folks. One of the reasons why Egyptologists know these pyramids were built by Sneferu were the phyle markings found on the inward side of casing stones broken free. As alluded to in the video these pyramids suffered from stone thieves as well as earthquakes. So there are phyle markings - aka "graffiti" found on casing stones which are identical on multiple pyramids indicating the same gang worked on more than one + they worked for Sneferu.
Also they are in the identical red ochre paint as the one found in the relieving chamber of the Great Pyramid or the underside of the limestone slabs covering the solar boat pit found in the 1950's. The difference being in the Great Pyramid the phyle name incorporated Khufu whereas here it was his father Sneferu. The ability of a work gang laboring on more than one pyramid indicates they were able to create them within a reasonable timeframe and/or simultaneously.
As an aside. Look at the close up of the pyramid's damaged base. See blocks which cracked - and more importantly see the obvious application of the gypsum mortar the Egyptians used as there are generous coatings of it between blocks. That mortar = is the basis of the "geopolymer" nonsense. When the pyramid's sides began to give way since limestone is a mediocre load bearing stone which can not support its own weight beyond a certain amount - hence why their hypostyle temples used limestone columns but sandstone lintels as sandstone is harder and stronger and could support its own weight across the spans - the Egyptians tried to shore up the sides using = gypsum mortar.
So they took a piece of mortar and "extrapolated" that to claim they supposedly were making blocks from it. As always fascinating subject. Enjoy your day folks.
It's possible that (some of) the work gangs were more like our army regiments, so multiple generations could have served in the same crew?
@@hervigdewilde3599 It's possible if the name of the gang is determined by whomever runs it. Think Merer and his diary. He as a supervisor controlled a phyle of workers who in his case operated a barge transporting the Tura stone to Giza.
As his diary was found in the coast of the Red Sea where boats once worked he likely further oversaw operations to perhaps obtain the copper ore for their tools from Sinai across the sea. So during "a season" when the Nile would flood and the water levels were high they moved stone from the Tura quarries to Giza - and during the rest of the year he did other tasks.
Thank you dr Miano, for crawling through those tiny, anxiety inducing passages within thousands of tons of stone :) All that just to give us a glimpse at this marvel from the inside. Not sure I would be able to haha
Really looking forward to the next episode already
The camera work in this one is very impressive, I got claustrophobia and vertigo in those tunnels👍👍
My back hurts just watching you crawl through those tiny spaces. Great video!
Thanks David and Natalie for more insider looks at amazing Egypt.
Thank you so much to everyone envolved in this project. It is so beautiful and so interesting to see inside these ancient structures and get just an inkling of how they were built and what they were used for. My mother always wanted to see the pyramids of Egypt but sadly that never happend.
Thank you for the tour! Egypt needs you. Much more remarkable than videos that dispel Ancient Egypt's ingenuity.
Fantastic as always !
Thank you David and Natalie.
A Big hello from Cambridge UK.
Hope Natalie is feeling better.
Thank you for truth and knowledge.
Keep up the great work.
✨⭐🙏⭐✨
It's incredible to see the improvements and changes they incorporated with each successive pyramid. Do we know how they communicated such findings over the years? Would masonry/construction skills like this be written down or just passed from one worker to the next by word of mouth?
Wonderful content as always.
I expect it would be passed from masters to apprentices.
@@WorldofAntiquityased on the amount of work, it was more likely from one master to several apprentices. Over a couple of decades, that would lead to hundreds of skilled craftsmen of varying degrees of skill and specialities.
I wouldn’t discount the possibility of some of it being written down, but time would not be kind to those sort of “technical manuals” surviving. That would also lead to higher rates of literacy, which is something I have already suspected to exist. The work would go faster if the stonemason could read the hieroglyphs they were carving, instead of simply chiseling out what was etched on the stone for them.
This is definitely a question that needs to be answered in order to better understand the time period. The hieroglyphic as an emoji explanation never quite sat right in my mind. It’s like the Latin inscriptions being unintelligible to the men carving them. It makes no sense.
As noted by others the workers themselves would invariably pass along "tricks of the trade". Also consider the timeframe and individuals involved here. As my comment above indicated one sees evidence that the same work gang labored on more than one pyramid having left their "graffiti" on the inward facing side of casing stones.
This infers that it is likely that at least some of the workforce and designers who worked for Sneferu on his pyramids = were still around to help work on his son Khufu's pyramid and so on - if only initially to be replaced as time went by. Merer's diary as an example relates how the Vizier in charge of Giza during the construction of Khufu's Great Pyramid was in fact = his half-brother Prince Ankhhaf.
So the Bent Pyramid reveals the employment of as an example = corbelling used to obviate the stress of weight above bearing down upon "open spaces". Limestone being a mediocre weight bearing stone saw the Egyptians compensate by using corbelled blocks in areas they deemed important - such as the Grand Gallery in the Great Pyramid or the burial vault in the Bent Pyramid. Thus going forward this was one way to compensate against possible collapse which was subsequently applied in future pyramids - remember that this region sees periodic earthquakes.
Khufu's engineers further employed angled roofing lintels to "shunt" weight above to the sides to hedge against collapse. Thus once again one sees subsequent pyramids employing this technique as well. The Egyptians were big on "duplication". When they found something which worked they usually employed it going forward.
Well i suspect they would have used the alien USB keys and passed the information through their UFO chip readers.... 🤔..... just kidding 😂
@@jakekasey3310 And that is why the secrets of the pyramids were lost to mankind. The ancient Egyptians only had access to USB 2.0 ports, but the aliens put the schematics on a USB C drive 😜
This is one of my favorite videos of any channel on TH-cam. Really fascinating and great shots. Just WOW!
Thank you for sharing your experience! I will probably never see this in person, but I can at least experience through you. Looking forward to the next installment!
My favorite travel Buddies!
Thanks Dr Miano & Natalie (hope you recovered quickly) at the pyramids.
Tfsharing your adventures🐪🌴
I can't get enough of this travel guide! Many thanks to Dr. Miano and the rest of the crew!
Thank you for a very interesting and informative video.
Well done to Noah for conveying the scale of the pyramids. I knew they were big, but having only really seen photos of them I didn't realise just how huge they are.
yeeee finally! ;))) thank u david!! will watch it all right now!
Wonderful series. Thank you!
Awesome trip. CNt wait for the next episode
Eight videos and we're still in Lower Egypt. I love it. I'll watch the series eagerly if you have 10 videos on every site. Keep on the great work.
Visited Egypt few months ago , when you are near great Pyramids you can't get enough
❤ fantastic episode Dr. Miano🎉🎉🎉
Great stuff , i really enjoyed that.
This is great, love seeing inside the Bent Pyramid.
So, now you're shooting episodes of No Reservations? This threw me, nice work.
This is incredible, thank you
And thank you!
I loved the street views in this one. Really interesting!
Bro is making some of the best content on TH-cam
Some great exploring on this one
Thanks for making videos about actual history instead of a bunch of made up stuff about lost civilizations. Very entertaining and informative.
I love that you show the food you ate during your trip. The only problem is that you make me hungry in the process, cause it all looks so good.
Awesome video. 😊
Thanks!
And thank you!
Excellent.
Definitely my favorite episode.
😊 lookslike a lot of leg pain. 😅
What is very special about the Snofrus Valley Temple is the remains of trees that where found by DAI some years ago.
Yeeeeea a new video😍
I really enjoyed that. The filming and sound track was top draw. I like the bent pyramid because it still has most of it's casing stones. Estimates vary on how long Sneferu reigned for, from 24 to 48 years. Even at the higher estimate it seems like a very short time to build 3 huge pyramids and other smaller ones. We should remember the red pyramid is the second largest.
The great pyramid took 20-30 years to build so it just seems unlikely that Sneferu could have built 3 in possibly the same time frame.
I offer no evidence....this is just my thoughts on the matter. Really great vid WOA.
You should account however for the reality that when Khufu built his Great Pyramid he started from scratch. That means in addition to creating the pyramid itself as nothing existed previously at Giza he also had to expend time and resources to create the infrastructure necessary to support building a tomb. That means engineering the ground as far as creating canals and a harbor + creating a foundation upon which to build the pyramid + a worker village area for his workforce and so on. The Giza necropolis area is fairly broken with steep grades such that the pyramids are jammed into a fairly close area unlike other pyramid areas where they are more spread out.
Now look at the area around Dahshur and the Faiyum. The ground around the Dahshur pyramids is flatter + previous constructions already existed in the area + and there were areas of habitation nearby. So Sneferu simply built in proximity to where others had already built while necessary infrastructure such as harbors etc. would have already existed. Finally he could have built them = simultaneously. Thus before one was completed another one might have been started.
ALWAYS GOOD!!!
Whoever it was among the ancient Egyptians that invented corbelling was a genius engineer. It's one thing to see how to spread bearing out for openings but to do it in such a way to distribute such massive weight takes rather intimate insight...
I think it is the Djoser step pyramid ....where wood was used in the corbelling but it sagged over time. (I think that was the first time trying it on a large structure...but I really could be wrong.) ...if you image search for the Djoser and corbelling there are some pics that pop up of the last spanning wood beam. It's kind of interesting.
But they would have had some experience with the concept, albeit on a smaller and a "this doesn't work on larger things" level.
the opening shot showing the surface as-if a landscape, i've never seen done. it really shows the size of that expanse.
Way to steer business to your guide! That’s awesome! Hope I can go someday. 🍻
The history and monuments are phenomenal, but I always manage to watch these before I've had a meal. The food looks SO GOOD. I've got half a mind to travel to Egypt just for the meals!
I could almost taste some of those dishes... 😋
Notes to myself: Bring a flashlight with high lumens.
Also some super glue to fix shoes.
Thank you! Very cool! 👍Hope you do Crete one day!
I loved the drive thru the towns
Thanks for another insightful videos. Im REALLY looking forward to this conference thats upcoming on the 23rd and 24th! I wasn't able to go to university for this stuff so im gathering all the free courses and classes i can! Thank you for teaching me the RIGHT stuff about history and not the goober made up stuff
You definitely got your "stairmaster" workout that day!.
Yes I did
gud work soldier
13:33 notice a much darker stone on the wall, some believe there is still unfound chamber or chambers behind it.
Limestone being a sedimentary stone comprised of various minerals can come in different colors and qualities. Over time it can when exposed to moisture darken its appearance - from iron oxides found within it much as exposed steel can darken and rust with exposure.
Being inside of a structure where moisture can build up as people exhale in the chamber can lead to discoloration and erosion of the walls. The Great Pyramid as an example limits the number of tourists who can access it owing to said moisture buildup inside of it. If you have a large group of people inside it all exhaling that can result in considerable condensation building up which can impact the surface of the limestone walls of its passages. Moisture can be erosive to limestone.
This is free???? Thank you for your effort and knowledge put into this.
25:21 🤠😂😅🤣 shoes crying out for getting the shock of their lives 🥾. All the Best Dr. Miano ❤
I don't think there are many of us that really know where to start when visiting the antiquities in Egypt. It's nice to have a referral in Ehab. Thanks.
I would never go inside, unfortunately I would panic. Thank you for showing these amazing pyramids
I think you need to rock those sneakers permanently.
We see that you have long since become a global figure. It remains for you to see that, by activating the English subtitle, so that others can use the automatic translation feature. Thanks for all the effort you put in for the people.
It's now on.
I wonder why the Bent Pyramid, having "structural issues" was finished. Even a less experience engineer or architect, halfway through a project could already see by estimation how the structure would end up. This structural design is simple, not complex, what is complex is the intensive use of manual labor and amount of work involved. It is slow, the materials are set piece by piece, and the person supervising the project would easily see by the daily progression of work that the top section would sit at a different angle to the main body. Clearly, the structural defect was discovered not after the structure was finished, but beforehand, yet was allowed to continue anyway.
The question here is, why was the construction allowed to continue knowing it would be bent, and was not corrected? Or, they simply built it that way for reasons we don't know.
They might very well have not cared. It would have still been incredibly impressive, and people continued to worship there well after he was dead. There wasn't really an aesthetic for it one way or another probably. In for a penny in for a pound. Something was probably better than nothing. 🤷♂
Man gave you the shoes off his feet? That's dedication!
There's nothing built on earth until I woke up.and built them 25.000 years ago.with my dog watching
The precision! Ancient high technology isn't found because it is so advanced it is designed not to be found where 5,000 years later it is also designed to deceive those who are looking for answers, that's how advanced these constructions projects were.
First rule of traveling is to go where the the locals go and eat what the locals do. You won’t get ripped off like a tourist does and you’ll eat better than they do.
Some of my best meals were in the marketplaces in the Middle East and southern Europe. I ate like a king but paid a price like a beggar more often than not. It helps if you can speak a bit of the local language and you’re skinny though. They will try their best to fatten you up in one sitting.
It’s really a shame that one of the only things they got from Americans visiting was the loss of hospitality and tourist traps. If you’re willing to tell a bit about where you are from, the locals will will treat you like a king. I wish we had more of that in this country.
A bit of horrible Arabic, Italian, Hebrew or French will go a long way towards making the local people more likely to be overly friendly and hospitable. I never experienced the rudeness that others seem to when I’m traveling.
Excellent video, as always!
Onservation: If the Bent experienced potential collapse noticed at the 'bend' level, why did they continue piling 100000 tons of stone on top, and more important, complete the casing? Doesn't seem like an act of abandonment.
They definitely finished it, but the king probably decided he didn’t want to be interred there before they finished.
Perhaps they viewed it as "a demo model" not unlike you see today. An initial model is created and that is used as a template - taking what worked and discarding what did not - to be used in future production. The workforce was already there along with the supporting logistical system. Accordingly they could continue with their work despite problems which arose.
So as alluded to Sneferu probably decided towards the end which he preferred. Also as alluded to it allowed them to "work the bugs out" of the process. He took the mistakes found in the first 2 pyramids and applied that towards the creation of the Red Pyramid which represented the final iteration seen going forward.
A great job as always... Please activite the subtitle so we can use the automatic translation...
always show food, thank you
Snefrus most lasting achievement for Egypt might be in tourism.
I hope you gave your guide a handsome tip for exchanging shoes with you!
David, how do we know the ancient name of the pyramids? like: "Sneferu shines" "The Southern Shining Pyramid"? who wrote this names when and where? ;)
These come from Egyptian writings that have been found. They may or may not be contemporary.
Really enjoying your channel. I got here via Ancient Architects and History for Granite. The latter channel asserts that the Bent Pyramid wasn’t a failed build that needed correction, I wonder what you think of their take on this?
The evidence for several changes in plan suggest corrections.
@@WorldofAntiquity thanks for replying. I guess the obvious question (to me anyway) is, how do we know what the plan for the pyramid was? The changes and shape could have been an international part of the build?
History of Granite sure does love to strawman people. I left that channel in a hurry.
HfG is a gifted amateur, often capable of incredible analysis; defer to the good doctor- IMHO.
Since I am being addressed here, I'll clarify that I never stated the Bent Pyramid wasn't 'corrected', simply that adjustments do not necessarily indicate 'failure'. I decided that since this channel was not receptive to fact-checking, it has become unproductive to engage without solicitation. I'll only add that I couldn't get very far into this video, as the first glaring error was less than 30 seconds in when stating Snefru was responsible for building the most pyramids, when obviously others like Pepi I have more in their complex. Mistakes like that happen when a video is driven by narrative, rather than investigation.
Just need a whip and you be Indiana Jones except I learned to appreciate ancient history from your videos.
😂 did guy say "gang gang gang" while giggling lol funny guy
They shoulda built 4 pyramids around a square, then they would have had a football stadium.
Poor old Dr Hilder was a funny colour in that restaurant.
i think you forgot about Bass Pro Shops
Snefru the builder
I have a bit of a fear of heights and enclosed spaces (HATE an MRI). So I could not do your job. I just wanna go to Egypt simply for the food.
If you want to see a really “bent” pyramid, check out the pyramids of Giza on Google Earth in 3D. They look like melted crayons.
As I understand, there're plenty of them in Sudan because this is where pyramid building started
Great work. Careful with those shoes though, exploration require tough boots even if they are warm. While you aren't exactly the great Belzoni on his strange adventures it is still a good idea to either wear hiker or military boots when wandering around ruins no matter where in the world you are. :)
Newer Army boots must have radically improved over the years over the old leather ones........ The older ones might have shined up nicely = but they were hard on your feet and gave you blisters etc..
@@varyolla435 I dunno, a pair of Corcoran jumping boots (have been made for SAS since WW2) is a wonderful thing if you service them right.
The newer fancy materials have some advantages like being less sweaty and taking shorter time to walk in but they are not as sturdy.
Leather boots largest problem is that really need to maintain them or you will get problem but they last almost forever and once you walked long enough in them they get super comfy.
I wouldn't say either is really better they have different advantages and disadvantages as long as we compare the better kinds. If you compare those pretty crappy standard NATO boots from the 60s with a high end gore tex boot the new one will certainly win but that is because you are comparing a pair of nice and crappy boots.
But I do like my leather boots anyways, I don't polish them to shine since my air force days but use mink oil to make them water proofed..
@@loke6664 Maybe what the SAS got were better than the US side. I've worn the old leather combat boots/Vietnam era jungle boots/jump boots/and the Chippewa Mountain/ski boots. The Chippewas were heavier to wear than the rest but their soles were more comfortable on the feet.
@@varyolla435 Yeah, those jungle boots in particular are nasty for the feet but those were also very cheaply made.
And the soles matter a lot too, a lot of US troops in Iraqi had problems with their soles melting early in the war.
The most comfortable military boots I ever owned was a pair of Swedish military helicopter crew boots they were super comfy but you had to replace the heel pretty often on them since they were really soft to get grip inside a helicopter. They were leather as well, never got any blister from walking in those.
Far too often do military boots come from the cheapest bidder which rather sucks since good boots is the most important part of a uniform and having soldiers with blisters or trench feet will impact their performance pretty badly.
But that is not something that stopped when new materials came out, most new boots are far from great too. If you find a really good pair, stick to them and have them repaired if possible instead of throwing them away.
@@loke6664 Yes. No matter the make in the end it is still a matter of what you are carrying. Lug a weapon/water/flak vest/equipment and a few hundred rounds of ammo around for hours and your feet will feel like blocks of concrete eventually.
As noted the Chippewas were actually fairly comfortable to wear. They were however intended for Arctic environments and hence had more paddling to be warmer. This made them heavier as they had special soles intended to hook up to cross country skis and snow shows when pulling the Ahkio sleds for hauling your equipment across the snow. If you wore them in warmer weather that padding made your feet sweat.
p.s. - the problem with deserts is the changing terrain. Walk through forest/swamp and the ground is the ground for the most part. In deserts however some areas are sandy with others rocky like the surface of Mars. So your feet take a pounding while the reflective heat can be something - as can the winds. With no vegetation to slow them down they can really get ripping across the landscape. Enjoy your day.
Somewhere, possibly even somewhere shown in these videos, there's a site where future generations will discover some clay tablets, stone carvings or maybe even some papyrus in a buried jar, with the next clue to the mystery.
"The game is afoot..." 😀
.
History is the only subject I ever failed at school, because it was never like this...
The mainstream view for Sneferu's reign is one of the biggest question marks in Egyptology. First of all, Sneferu was the first Pharoah to build megaliths using bigger than 1 ton stones, and he also placed more stone than any other Pharoah in history(other than maybe Rameses II). Not only did Sneferu errect an insane amount of stone, he went on military campaigns and dug huge waterways as well. It almost seems like he did too much considering that the conventional timeline gives him a reign of 40 years or less.
Also the tomb theory falls short on explaining Sneferu's 3 pyramids. Even if the Medium pyramid was for Huhi, and the Bent pyramid was considered a failure, thus they built the Red pyramid, why would they go thru the tremendous effort/resources to finish the Bent pyramid, especially if it wasnt good enough to entomb the Pharoah? Also, where are the sarcophagi from Sneferu's pyramids?
Also, It seems clear to me that the true pyramid finish wasnt the original design for the Medium pyramid. Sneferu seems to be the party responsible for the true pyramid finish but I see no reason to think that he is responsible for the whole thing. I'd also argue that the same goes for the Bent pyramid. I dont see any reason to think that Sneferu built the whole Bent pyramid rather than just building a true pyramid finish over an existing structure.
"...a reign of 40 years or less. " He wouldn't have been doing it all the work personally. Hey, I'm going on a military conquest, you build me a pyramid while I'm gone, and when those guys are finished with the basic work, get them digging a waterway. And we know the invading was increase supplies and workforce.
"why would they go thru the tremendous effort/resources to finish the Bent pyramid," Why not? There's no reason to say it was incredibly displeasing and it continued for awhile as a place for worship. You've already built that much of it so you really have three options I guess. 1. Abandon it, and that probably looks like the worst of 3 options. 2. Just cap it off. 3. See if you can correct and finish it into something that isn't exactly what was originally planned but still impressive. We can't really presume to know or impose an answer on that for them.
I know what I probably would have opted to do at the time and that is actually different than what I'd do with today's hindsight.
@@AveragePicker obviously he isn't going to be building the monuments by himself, but that doesn't change the fact we are talking about ~10,000,000 metric tons of stone. His team's of workers would need to place 685 tons of stone per day for 40 years straight to finish all 3 pyramids in time. Yet there is no evidence of the enormous workforce required to meet this speed, other than the completed monuments themselves.
Quarrying stone is hard work, which is why so many later rulers repurposed the stonework of earlier kings rather than quarry fresh stone. The amount of copper required to cut the 10,000,000 million tons of stone would form a small moutain. And you would need a workforce 5 times the size of the pyramid workforce, just to supply the project with tools, food, beer, rope, wood, boats, etc. Not to mention that you are taking your strongest guys off to war so they aren't helping towards the project. Sneferu would need an exceptionally large amount of resources and workforce to have the leyweigh of funding 3 pyramids, country infrastructure, and military expansion all at the same time.
Not to mention that the Red pyramid is a short distance away so using the already cut Bent pyramid stone would be considerably easier than quarrying fresh stone(while leaving behind some very skilled workers to finish the Bent pyramid). Also, speaking of Dashur, where is the evidence for the massive occupation of workers required to build these structures?
Finally, it seems to me that the interior structure of the Bent pyramid is very strange, to say the least. It's different enough from the pyramids before and after that I would assume that it had a different architect entirely from that of the Meidum or Red pyramids. Besides the fact, that in order for these 3 structures to make sense as tombs, someone would have had to have removed the heavy stone sarcophagi without a trace. Seeing how it would be impossible to remove a sarcophagi like that from a pyramid structure without breaking it into small bits, it just doesn't seem worthwhile. Which is why, basically all the pyramids of Ancient Egypt have thier sarcophagi intact, save for the 3 Sneferu pyramids.
@@AveragePicker to expand further, I think we should be looking closer at the chronology. There is a sizeable gap between Djoser and Sneferu where seemingly no major construction projects are completed. It seems pretty obvious to me that the Meidum step-pyramid and a step-pyramid core of the Bent pyramid would fill in this gap and solve the logistics problems of Sneferu's attributed workload. It may also serve in the answering my question regarding the sarcophagi of these 3 structures.
My hypothesis is that Sneferu moved the entombed Pharoahs of the Bent and Meidum pyramids further up into the superstructure as a means of protection. This would explain the upper tier of the Meidum pyramid which is seemingly part of a secondary construction phase. It would also explain the wholly missing sarcophagi. Along the same note, I believe that the Red pyramid was false robbed(ie Sneferu himself is responsible for the removal of the floor). This would make for an excellent deterrent. "Oh the place was already robbed, they even stole the floor!". I believe there to be a plugstone in the wall of the 3rd chamber. There is a non-weight bearing stone which would be the correct size for a corridor on the wall opposite the entrance corridor.
@@bridgermauchley6179 I have no idea where you pulled this 10,000,000 million (which I'm pretty sure you just mean 10 million and not 10 million million) from. 685 tons a day, with 100 teams would just be 6.85 tons a team, which is perfectly doable.
The amount of copper - Well, this was the bronze/copper age. It wasn't a scarce resource.
The quarries for the most part would have been splitting stone, and doing it constantly at every quarry anywhere. It was just what they did. It was a job. You went to work, split stone. Splitting wasn't going to gobble up all the copper though and they most likely would have been splitting with wood and using copper to get the initial holes started.
Workforce - Part of the point of Sneferu's conquests was to increase the workforce but I think you are also imaging a much smaller population than it would have been. "...tools, food, beer, rope, wood, boats, etc." These were all things being produced daily. "...you are taking your strongest guys off to war..." Again this seems suggest you are thinking of a very tiny population. You wouldn't be going into your quarries or whatever and saying, ok give me the strongest, you're military now....militaries have always trained as well. You don't need the already strongest people. It's why you make a military train and exercise. You build them into a strong force.
A raid into Libya is noted to have led to the capture of 11,000 prisoner. (And over 13,000 cattle)
The Palermo Stone notes another raid, “[Reign of] Sneferu. The building of Tuataua ships of mer wood of a hundred capacity, and 60 royal boats of sixteen capacity. Raid in the Land of the Blacks, and the bringing in of seven thousand prisoners, men and women, and twenty thousand cattle, sheep, and goats…The bringing of forty ships of cedar wood"
"...so using the already cut Bent pyramid stone would be considerably easier ..." Except he apparently did not want to take apart the bent pyramid.
" the interior structure..." We could get hung up on this for ages. All the interiors are different across all the pyramids and, at least to me, all "very strange." I'm not going to presume my aesthetic of interior design opinion on it. They are what they are and probably because it's the compromise of what was wanted and what they could do for each given one.
"...it would be impossible to remove a sarcophagi like that..." Like what? My understanding is 4th dynasty were generally building and splitting smaller than later. I don't think there is anything that suggests the sarcophagus to have been particularly large at least in comparison to later ones. There's also ample evidence of destruction. "... basically all the pyramids of Ancient Egypt have thier sarcophagi intact, save for the 3 Sneferu pyramids..." Yeah, probably need to cite that.
@@AveragePicker I did the math for the volume of the structures quite a while ago and can't quite remember how I settled on the figure of 10 million tons but I do remember that it was a conservative estimate. I'm going to just recind my point though because after pouring over the numbers more, it seems that a team of 5 to 10 men, should be able to quarry, transport and place a single stone per day(using 2.5 tons as the average stone size). This would mean that a total workforce of 10,000 men should build the pyramids at much faster rate than 40 years.
I'd also like to recind my arguement about the sarcophagi. I was just plain wrong, as many later pyramids were robbed of thier fine stone completely.
Also I feel like your viewpoint on the interior structure design is the correct way to look at it. I guess I've been hung up on viewing these structures thru the lens of modern-day functional design but that gives no insight into the motivation of a particular Pharoah when he was building his monument 4500 years ago.
Honestly I'm at a loss now. You've made many good arguements and I see no problems with anything you have said. I almost deleted my previous comments out of embarssment.
Is the coffee any good there? Does it taste like ancient history?
Interestingly, the most popular coffee in Egypt is Turkish coffee
Thanks, I adore this channel and the spark you put into it!❤
@@WorldofAntiquity Thanks for braving bats and janky footwear to put us in the front row!
You've trad Sinuhe the egyptian, by Mika Waltari?
It seems that the engineers and architects of other pyramids must have had access to older pyramids? Or else how can we claim they learned from it?
Knowledge is passed down through apprenticeships.
@@WorldofAntiquity so they didn't see the gallery shown in this video, but created a replica in the giza pyramids just by description?
@@Music-xp5wg Some may have worked on the earlier pyramids. But techniques and methods can be taught.
There is no replica in the Giza Pyramids. Just rooms using the same method.
I got sick in Egypt. It was awful. All I can say is make sure they don’t put ice 🧊 in your drink lol
Why am i thinking that it was Djoser who did all this development of the pyramid?. Idk im having deja vu. Imhotep and Djoser. I dont blame Nataly for not going! I dont think i could do all that indiana jones crawling through small spaces and such. My claustrophobia. No way😮 thank you for taking us along for the pyramid crawl!!!i know this was a little while ago. Hope she was ok the rest of trip❤
Need captions pleaee 😊 🧏♂️
That's some serious air pollution.
I know, right?
So what you're saying is we need to bring knee pads for the 2nd pyramid you went to. got it. :D
Great production although it could do without the music imo.
May I ask: why is it difficult to measure the height of the Red Pyramid?
Because the casing stones and pyramidion are missing.
As noted with some other pyramids at least a few of the original casing stones remain. So you can estimate based upon them the original size of the structure. Unfortunately many ancient Egyptian sites were subject to "stone thieves" who cannibalized what was there to repurpose the stone for other things. Remember that it costs money to procure stone for a construction project. So if you instead take what someone already removed from some quarry and worked it to do a bit of recarving = you save both time and money.
So not all stone was stolen as some like the lower grade limestone primarily used for building was easy to work and ubiquitous. The granite/sandstone and more aesthetic basalts however were highly prized and hence were stolen by those who followed. It would be like stripping an expensive facade from a modern building to leave the cheaper concrete/brickwork behind.
Yellow top Pepsi 🎉 we have blue top in USA
you know you have a quality tomb when even 4000 years later bats decide it's a good place to live
22:58 careful we dont need another Dr. Morbius
has anyone gone down into the shaft to see if there are remains of unlucky robbers?
He needed three tombs, obviously.
wait, so if the tax was work on the king's stuff by the population, did this population triple during his reign?
I expect it was a matter of moving people off other projects
NOT Sneferu - WHO was the actual architect of these buildings? Hemiunu was the architect of the Great Pyramid. Is the architect of these, or the "Greatest" missing from history? Thanks!
No name has been found