Definitely do not mix aluminum foil with toilet bowl cleaner in a water bottle. Definitely do not hold onto it if you do. It's a self detonating mixture.
@@justinbremer2281 no it's not Aqua regia. Aqua regia is nitric acid and hydrochloric. The mix in the video is sometimes referred to as a nitration bath, it is nitric acid and sulphuric acid.
I used to demonstrate napalm in the armed forces here in Denmark, and the stuff is very flexible in terms of efficiency. It doesn't need much air to reignite and never try to put it out by clapping the burning area. You will only spread the substance. You actually have to cut the natural way to combat the heat, and that is the other factor because military grade napalm is full of aluminium and magnesium, and this makes it burn very hot.
i like the way you showed the chemical structures, most chemistry channels just show a blank black model for a few seconds if we're luckly the atoms will be colored
Finding which acid it is won't be a problem, the process itself is really hard and complicated, should be done in controlled temperature, there is something called "run away nitration", and many other complications, don't try to just add all ingredients, best case you won't get any product, worst case would be rapid unplanned disassembly of glassware
Don't forget Tyler had people everywhere He probably had some people in IT departments that were making sure those backups were completely annihilated as well. Don't forget this movie came out back in 1999. backups and cloud servers weren't exactly a thing back then I mean don't get me wrong they were but not as much as they are today. So I find it totally conceivable that when the buildings were destroyed probably infiltrators in the IT departments that were in charge of the off site backups probably simultaneously destroyed those as well.
@@thomasg4324 You know I've had some time to think about it and I don't think he would have had to destroy the backups at all. remember what happened after 9/11 How much the stock market fell How much citizens were traumatized How much companies were trying to secure themselves. If Tyler pulled off what I think he pulled off this is 9/11 * 100 lots of buildings went down not just the twin towers. It would have happened in every city in America. What good are backups if the The companies that use those backups are in such poor condition they're unable to enforce anything true given enough time you might bring back most of them.... But it's during that time I wonder what's going to happen
If there's anyone that doesn't have high school chemistry knowledge, for the nitroglycerin he adds the glycerin to a nitration bath which is most commonly made by mixing sulfuric and nitric acid. Just make sure you wear the proper PPE and don't put anyone else in danger.
I love detailed step-by-step guides for things like this. Videos like this actually keep me from fucking around and finding out, now that I know what's gonna happen if I mix gas with soap I'm much less inclined to finally try it
Really good vid. Where you suggested leaving soap for a few days, in general home made soap is left for a few weeks as most people don’t have laboratory heated stirring. Commercially the logistics and distribution chain allows the soap to ‘mature’.
We used to make the styrofoam/gas type back in the day. The scary part about that compound is, to put it out you have to smother it completely. Pouring water on it just causes the burning mixture to break off into smaller, separate burning puddles
As a young person many decades ago, a friend who was much older and experienced in the military from World War II gave me an education in chemistry with household and industrial sources of chemicals that I remember mostly today. With the soaps of today and yesterday, some chemicals have been removed that were quite common yesterday. One is Phosphorus, because it caused algal bloom in lakes and rivers, as well as too much water plant growth. Phosphorus is what makes soap cut through grease and oil. Even by using trisodium phosphate, the growth problem is still bad, so substitutes were made, yet don't work as well as the phosphorus of yesterday. And is why we don't see the Dawn dish soap saying it works to remove oil from wildlife or dishes, like ducklings and filthy dishes, but they still show the old recordings of the ducklings being washed in old Dawn. But you can find soaps and detergents that have phosphorous in them, if you look in the automotive sections of certain stores. I use such soaps and detergents for cleaning cars and stuff with lots of grease and oil contamination, otherwise I use the phosphorous free for other uses without oils and grease, altho I don't have to worry about water contamination with the phosphorous, as my location does not have any routes to the rivers or lakes, and the phosphorous makes the grass grow greener! As far as napalm and explosives, making them without using substitutes or even bad substitutes, like OJ, you get a better product, and a safer product, if you follow the modern process to make them. And yes, plastic labware is very important, when working with chemicals that could cause rapid deflagration or detonation!
It’s good that your location isn’t right next to a river but you are mislead by that fact, you should still worry about water contamination. If it touches grass, it will touch groundwater and groundwater pollution is actually a big global problem. Your single case won’t make that much of a difference but the big picture is important and you should still be cautious about the effluence you produce reaching soil. In China for example, insufficient groundwater protection has led to 60% of all of China’s groundwater being unusable for human consumption. Also, polluted groundwater is significantly more hard to clean up than surface water like rivers and lakes.
@@egodeath2007 I don't worry about contamination, as it has already been contaminated by gasoline additives and industrial waste which was mishandled for 50 years or more in the area. Even my deep well is contaminated!
2:18 you were propably looking for a picture of a guy with a flamethrower, but the pic is actually a mill worker with an oxygen lance, which is, in itself, a very interesting tool
I know, I used it due to me liking the fire colors and it being a free use stock image, did not find a flame picture I liked that was a free use stock.
Def do more or these types of videos. You made it quite easy to follow/understand everything as well as getting people interested in watching. Only reason I clicked on this was because I love the movie fight club, but I stayed for the science haha
I have a good one for you. In Lost they find old sticks of dynamite and they say that because they sat so long nitroglycerin formed on the outside of the dynamite sticks. They said the slightest disruption will set it off and I always wondered if that was accurate.
Thankyou so much for showing ppl what real napalm is.. it's been so frustrating hearing all these ppl refer to petrol and disolved styrofoam.. so much bad information on TH-cam so thankyou so much for this you just got my subscription and like 🙏💜🕊️
The best description: if there is an unintended dissimulation of glass ware. Yes, I know very well about intended and unintended dissimulation of glassware.
This is really thorough and well explained, great work! I always chuckle a little at them making THAT MUCH dynamite using human fat in Fight Club. I think the orange juice recipe was probably the producer trying to not quite tell people how to make napalm, but still be kinda close. Btw, there are several different napalm varieties, some of which do involve polystyrene. The original aluminum palmitate one is my favorite though, it’s not quite as bad for the environment.
@@Polkem1 with the first napalm formulation napthenic acid and aluminum palmitate were used together to my understanding. There are just a bunch of forms that all get lumped under the name “napalm” because they’re all jellied fuel incendiaries.
The issue with the movie is that they purpously messed up the recepies as to "not promote violence". Most of the actual recepies were in the book that the movie is based on
Nice video, From what I remind from my search onto the subject as a teenager was that "Napalm" comes from "Na palmitate" or what is the same "sodium palmitate"... thus a mix of a gooi soap and gasoline. :o) I like the idea of Al-palm (aluminium (3+) palmitate); but it could work with Ca-palm (calcium (2+) palmitate). ;o) Regards, PHZ (Philou Zrealone from the Science Madness forum)
love the wise cracks. however the advice to use plastic and the reason why was the funniest thing ive heard all month. but its serious advice at the same time. we all know there are those who find things out the hard way. by the way glycerin can be found on the shelf in some wallgreenes you dont have to bother with soap unless you like to use it for your laundry to keep things white
If you made biodiesel instead, you would have gotten a better glycerin yield. That's what they should have done in the movie instead. Heck they could have made "green" ANFO! Also just think of the pucker factor involved with demolishing a building with just nitroglycerin!
Imagine the pucker factor in the early days of building the railroad when they were moving large quantities of nitroglycerin by horse and buggy across the wild West to the mountain they were going to blast out of the way, they had to have some brass nads
Point of clarification during the conflicts in Viet Nam and Korea, the US switched over to polystyrene and deisel. It was vastly cheaper and worked just as well or better. There weren't as many flame-throwers as boms using the stuff. So maybe they used polystyrene for dropped ordiance, and soap for the flame-throwers.
Nowadays it's probably way easier to get copious amounts of glycerol by opening a vape store and nobody would care. But then, and now, it probably would be far more troublesome to get the barrels of nitric and sulphuric acid needed to perform this feat for the private citizen. If you can get those in large quantities, you won't have any trouble getting the glycerol far easier and cheaper.
Great job, this is the closest video describing actual napalm as compared with folks making improvised gelled fuels. I happen to have experience with flamethrower operation. Here's a few tips. The improvised gelled fuels using ivory soap or similar (sodium palmitate) type soaps is thixotropic; meaning it will thicken over time. Due to this, the shelf life of the flamethrower fuel, when loaded, will eventually thicken to the point of being like mud, and will render the flamethrower inoperable. Your aluminum palmitate based soap will work much better; notice the viscosity is better and it is less "chunky", plus, it will not overly thicken when stored. I happen to have a patent document describing the production of napalm and your method is very close; there are a few differences, such as the fatty acid mix being composed of palmitate, oleic acid, and napthenic acid, that later of which is hard to come by ;) Regarding polymeric napalm, using Styrofoam or polystyrene, what we see kids making only will not function in a flamethrower, because gasoline only contains about 2% BTEX (benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene/xyline) however, it can be made into the proper viscosity for a flamethrower by the following procedure: First, mix toluene and gasoline (approximately 25% toluene and 75% gasoline), then, add to it the Styrofoam until a syrup-like viscosity is achieved. This is a great flamethrower fuel with good range, I got 110 feet in my tests. That being said, any variations in viscosity can cause poor ignition or conversely, if it is too thin it will affect range. Generally I would prefer the real stuff as it is less contamination to the environment than all that toluene and plastic spewing everywhere. Also, the plastic based napalm, if left to sit several years, will harden into basically a solid plastic putty, again, that could be a real pain to get out of the flamethrower. Probably the simplest, cheapest, and quickest flamethrower fuel is approximately equal parts of used motor oil 33%, gasoline 33%, and diesel 34%. It doesn't have the range or staying power of napalm, but it is cheap, fast, and won't clog the device.
Would like to see a video on how to make a clean burning, safe propellant like the commercial smokeless powders for rifle cartridges, you can make one component, nitro cellulose but it is not safe to use by itself and also a good stable primer compound that is not corrosive or to toxic
The military napalm burns better because the military adds magnesium which will ignite and even burns even under water. I can't remember off hand what temp magnesium burns at but I believe it's 1800 degrees making water not able to put it out. It burns so hot it actually separates the hydrogen and oxygen giving it fuel to keep burning. I know this because of my WW2 veteran grandfather.
"Military" napalm is better than this guy's because there is coordination with chemists and technicians in the area. Napalm does not contain magnesium, you must be mistaken with the other incendiary agents.
Well, the first rule of fight club. Is never talk about fight club. Since we broke rule number one already. I guess, this guy is right and it's just easier to make nitroglycerin...
Great Video. Of course we're focused on the chemistry of using the glycerine byproduct in the Saponification process which turns out isn't the easiest byproduct to extract. Going outside of the scope of the movie and focusing on the isolation of glycerine from animal fats, it seems like the Transesterification process used in biodiesel production would give you much better yield of glycerine which is already separated. And you get biodiesel which also has its own place in energetic chemistry.
Cool. Never really gave it too much thought. I was interested in plastics and sulfas, as strange as that sounds. You can make cars with plastics, and paint, and save lives with sulfas. A lot of chemistry in those two ideas. Liked the presentation.
I would love to see The Walking Dead, there is a particular episode where they are in an underground lab and they use nitric acid to sterelize the zombie remains, also i feel like you can find something else Also would love to see (probably wont happen becuase long synthesis) Saving Private Ryan, specifically the Sulfa drugs (sulfur antibiotics) I think Sulfanilamide is doable Also love your vids
9:00 Everyone with an oxy-acetylene torch knows all about this! (whether they'll admit it, or not!). The beauty of this method is, you just fire up the torch and adjust it for a "neutral" flame, then shut off one of the gases, with the cylinder valve. Turn it back on, and you have the perfect stoichiometric mix for filling the balloon! No flow or volume measurements, calculations, etc, required! This makes an EXCELLENT "firecracker" for 4th of July. They are LOUD, comparable to an m-80 or cherry bomb, or even, some dynamite, depending on the size of the balloon. And NO dangerous fragments, not even like the bits of cardboard produced by a firecracker. And when the cops come by, to investigate reports of illegal fireworks, there's no incriminating evidence, not even the sulfurous aroma of spent flash powder. One word of WARNING! If you're too close to the detonation, you could suffer hearing damage! I'd recommend an electrical igniter (some very fine wire, attached to something like AC cord, going to a battery), taped to the balloon, and activated some distance away. ✴
Question for you with the soap part. You had the soap in liquid form with the aluminum and other stuff and then you put it into moles and cooled it in fridge and then when soap is solid you take it and put it in a beaker and melt it down again. Could you not just have mixed the liquid soap before you cooled it into the gas? I’m asking because this seems like an extra step cooling it down just to melt it again that really is not needed to do and it would make the process much faster would it not???
You can just buy glycerin though. It would probably be easier to get than litres and litres of concentrated nitric acid. The soap part just seems like an unnecessary step.
Making explosives is soooo much easier! Ever wondered why on Hydrogen peroxide its always stated to never mix it with organic solvents? Well, now you know.
I worked at a soap making company for years, you can buy glycerin from soap making companies and skip many of those steps with the salt and filtering. Also nitroglycerin is one of the major ingredients in modern smokeless powder or so I'm lead to believe, but as for modern explosives it's all rdx or something cooler.
Making soap is one way of doing it however you could instead use Methanol making biodiesel which has applications elsewhere and glycerol whilst also making it easier to seperate by distillation
in the book they talk about making plastic explosives and the reason there's no explosion at the end of the book is because Tyler used a method which the narrator says has never worked for them
A friend in high school tried to make nitro in his parents' basement 35 years ago. All he got was a cloud of yellow smoke/gas which might have been chlorine gas--not good
Yellow smoke is typically nitrous fumes. NOx starts coming off the reaction if you mess up, if it starts turning orange and red that means RUN because it can spontaneously blow.
In the movie I think Tyler says each building is blown up with 400 gallons of the stuff. This means he somehow transported 400 gallons multiple times to different locations. I'd be curious to see the logistics of that.
@@milankurienov6768 Now you're introducing even more points of failure to the equation. The more people handling the liquid, the higher the chances one of them will make a fatal mistake.
@MechanicSilo Not really, but I digress. Either way, the movie is unrealistic in many concerns, such as Durden getting men all over the country to support him so greatly and even getting hundreds of gallons of the liquid in the first place. Logistics seem to be the least of all concerns lmao.
About "Breaking Bad": The chemistry is pretty much OK, a big exception being that you CAN'T dissolve a body in just a few gallons of HF, and if you did use enough of the acid, the process would take MUCH longer than what's portrayed. Note that ALL the competent serial killers use H2SO4 for that purpose. Also, Walter tells Jessie that HF is a "strong acid." Surely Walt knows better! But when it comes to electronics & RF principles, the series really screws up! First, a GPS tracker (like a cell-phone) will not work if it's surrounded by a conductive surface. Also, the improvised battery Walt makes could not produce the current necessary to run a vehicle starter motor, and if it could, the wires shown would melt.
Better to dissolve in water and than add isopropyl and (additional) salt out. Isopropyl is the easiest solvent to recover as its azeotrope is barely evident.
Great video! Here's a question; in the original Terminator movie from 1984 Sarah Conner and Kyle Reese make explosives using moth balls, corn syrup, ammonia - can you make any real explosive using these ingredients?
i just watched through the orange juice napalm section and have a few things to point out, + i am just an amateur chemist, i might get this wrong, but the orange juice mixture isn't really "napalm" its just likely a super quick equivalent to the sugar rocket mix where you mix sugar with a oxidizer, the sugar is naturally present in the orange juice, and this keeps the mixture burning while the other counterpart produces oxygen consistently to create a flame that it hotter than usual and combusts better, i might be wrong, i am just assuming that something in gasoline is a oxidizer, i don't know, and i have another thing to ask instead of point out, theoretically if you creating a formulation of thermite (Al + Fe2O3) and your napalm mixture, wouldn't this create a napalm with a superior heat?, the only 2 downsides i can think of are solubility, where the thermite mixture does not dissolve in the napalm mixture, which due to both of the ingredient of the most common mixture of thermite being powders, they probably wont, and another is that because it is burning hotter, it will consume the fuel more quickly, and hence negate the point of making napalm anyway, what do you think?
Bro theres no reason to censor nitroglycerin production. The recipe is on wikipedia for anyone who never took chemistry, and anyone who took basic chemistry already knows how to make it. It's not really possible to transport any dangerous amount because of how sensitive it is, so its actually not very likely to be used nefariously. The larger the quantity, the more sensitive it becomes to shock, so its pretty self limiting.
To obtain the glycerol starting from tallow, wouldn't be easier with a transesterification with methanol and sodium hydroxide as catalyzer? the extraction would be with a better yeld...
I used powder from fireworks and some clay I found to make what I think is a c4 kinda too powerful though , and the play doe ore clay fragments almost killed me. So my tutorial on making explosives.
Famously the recipes in the book and movie were censored. The OJ replaced the Styrofoam (a crude form of napalm, much easier to make), and for the other one, lets just say there are easier way to make that using typically lye, and salt peter.
The "candle" was a bit close to ... everything, did your cam survive that? But seriously: A funny and interesting video. I love such things, because sometimes they are pretty exact in films and other times - some "fantasies" seem to be part of the hollywood way of making a film, but I have to admit that I just love good old Hollywood, I came to the conclusion, that it's just not necessary to criticize All I can, I prefer to respect it the way it's done ... but however, a nice more professional cheap and simple tool for igniting things at a distance wouldn't be too much high-tech at once - but no critique!
The problem with the chemistry in fight club is that there are just way easier ways make explosives then this with household items
Yeah, but the *symbolism* of blowing up fat cat's money with their own fat! Or that's what I'm guessing.
Styrofoam is much better than orange juice.
than*
Definitely do not mix aluminum foil with toilet bowl cleaner in a water bottle.
Definitely do not hold onto it if you do. It's a self detonating mixture.
@@kulled happy now...
"The acid mix is often referred to as mixed acid" This one is gold.
No, aqua regia dissolves gold, lol
@@justinbremer2281 Glad someone said it
Well, at least he's not calling Us idiots
@@justinbremer2281 no it's not Aqua regia. Aqua regia is nitric acid and hydrochloric. The mix in the video is sometimes referred to as a nitration bath, it is nitric acid and sulphuric acid.
I used to demonstrate napalm in the armed forces here in Denmark, and the stuff is very flexible in terms of efficiency. It doesn't need much air to reignite and never try to put it out by clapping the burning area. You will only spread the substance. You actually have to cut the natural way to combat the heat, and that is the other factor because military grade napalm is full of aluminium and magnesium, and this makes it burn very hot.
Kudos to you for typing "aluminium", americans look really retarded by writing "aluminum"
I love when he said "it's science time" then scienced all over the place
fr
“It’s chemistry time!” -Walt Whitman, better call Saul 2001
No.
I'm still trying to wash it out of my hair...
He scienced all over my back
i like the way you showed the chemical structures, most chemistry channels just show a blank black model for a few seconds if we're luckly the atoms will be colored
"I will not give details" on nitroglycerin production ... a de-hydrating-acid... proceed show show which one on the next slide... 👌
you can literally google it. its not that hard or complicated to figure out with chemistry knowledge.
Finding which acid it is won't be a problem, the process itself is really hard and complicated, should be done in controlled temperature, there is something called "run away nitration", and many other complications, don't try to just add all ingredients, best case you won't get any product, worst case would be rapid unplanned disassembly of glassware
*The problem with FIGHT CLUB is that all of those companies have backups to quickly regain any lost information.* It's a nice plot though.
Yeah that's not actually the plot of fight club though
@@tractordude234
I never stated the plot. I complimented the plot.
Don't forget Tyler had people everywhere He probably had some people in IT departments that were making sure those backups were completely annihilated as well. Don't forget this movie came out back in 1999. backups and cloud servers weren't exactly a thing back then I mean don't get me wrong they were but not as much as they are today. So I find it totally conceivable that when the buildings were destroyed probably infiltrators in the IT departments that were in charge of the off site backups probably simultaneously destroyed those as well.
@@highlander723
I'm talking about the bunker backups which are fully automated. And the movie doesn't show it, so I wouldn't infer it.
@@thomasg4324 You know I've had some time to think about it and I don't think he would have had to destroy the backups at all. remember what happened after 9/11 How much the stock market fell How much citizens were traumatized How much companies were trying to secure themselves. If Tyler pulled off what I think he pulled off this is 9/11 * 100 lots of buildings went down not just the twin towers. It would have happened in every city in America. What good are backups if the The companies that use those backups are in such poor condition they're unable to enforce anything true given enough time you might bring back most of them.... But it's during that time I wonder what's going to happen
You and Nile are carrying the chemistry/alchemy side of youtube
Check out Explosions and Fire (and Extractions and Ire)
@@jab9109 beat me to it
@@jab9109 If you need some Azidoazide Azide that is!
Also thought emporium
Also NightHawkinLight
If there's anyone that doesn't have high school chemistry knowledge, for the nitroglycerin he adds the glycerin to a nitration bath which is most commonly made by mixing sulfuric and nitric acid. Just make sure you wear the proper PPE and don't put anyone else in danger.
I love detailed step-by-step guides for things like this. Videos like this actually keep me from fucking around and finding out, now that I know what's gonna happen if I mix gas with soap I'm much less inclined to finally try it
Gay
@@Dismem Joyful even!
Really good vid. Where you suggested leaving soap for a few days, in general home made soap is left for a few weeks as most people don’t have laboratory heated stirring. Commercially the logistics and distribution chain allows the soap to ‘mature’.
look if the soaps age is on the clock.......
We used to make the styrofoam/gas type back in the day. The scary part about that compound is, to put it out you have to smother it completely. Pouring water on it just causes the burning mixture to break off into smaller, separate burning puddles
As a young person many decades ago, a friend who was much older and experienced in the military from World War II gave me an education in chemistry with household and industrial sources of chemicals that I remember mostly today.
With the soaps of today and yesterday, some chemicals have been removed that were quite common yesterday. One is Phosphorus, because it caused algal bloom in lakes and rivers, as well as too much water plant growth. Phosphorus is what makes soap cut through grease and oil. Even by using trisodium phosphate, the growth problem is still bad, so substitutes were made, yet don't work as well as the phosphorus of yesterday. And is why we don't see the Dawn dish soap saying it works to remove oil from wildlife or dishes, like ducklings and filthy dishes, but they still show the old recordings of the ducklings being washed in old Dawn.
But you can find soaps and detergents that have phosphorous in them, if you look in the automotive sections of certain stores. I use such soaps and detergents for cleaning cars and stuff with lots of grease and oil contamination, otherwise I use the phosphorous free for other uses without oils and grease, altho I don't have to worry about water contamination with the phosphorous, as my location does not have any routes to the rivers or lakes, and the phosphorous makes the grass grow greener!
As far as napalm and explosives, making them without using substitutes or even bad substitutes, like OJ, you get a better product, and a safer product, if you follow the modern process to make them. And yes, plastic labware is very important, when working with chemicals that could cause rapid deflagration or detonation!
It’s good that your location isn’t right next to a river but you are mislead by that fact, you should still worry about water contamination. If it touches grass, it will touch groundwater and groundwater pollution is actually a big global problem. Your single case won’t make that much of a difference but the big picture is important and you should still be cautious about the effluence you produce reaching soil. In China for example, insufficient groundwater protection has led to 60% of all of China’s groundwater being unusable for human consumption. Also, polluted groundwater is significantly more hard to clean up than surface water like rivers and lakes.
@@egodeath2007 I don't worry about contamination, as it has already been contaminated by gasoline additives and industrial waste which was mishandled for 50 years or more in the area. Even my deep well is contaminated!
Your channel just gets better and better!
2:18 you were propably looking for a picture of a guy with a flamethrower, but the pic is actually a mill worker with an oxygen lance, which is, in itself, a very interesting tool
Exactly. Oxygen lances are amazing.
I know, I used it due to me liking the fire colors and it being a free use stock image, did not find a flame picture I liked that was a free use stock.
@@WheelerScientific Ah ok 👌 Great video btw 👍🏻
Bro, have you ever made oxytocin?@@WheelerScientific
Bro, have you ever made oxytocin?
Fantastic video and very interesting.
It's great to find real videos to expand one's understanding of chemistry and learning.
Def do more or these types of videos. You made it quite easy to follow/understand everything as well as getting people interested in watching.
Only reason I clicked on this was because I love the movie fight club, but I stayed for the science haha
Glad you enjoyed!
I have a good one for you. In Lost they find old sticks of dynamite and they say that because they sat so long nitroglycerin formed on the outside of the dynamite sticks. They said the slightest disruption will set it off and I always wondered if that was accurate.
Yes it is
Thankyou so much for showing ppl what real napalm is.. it's been so frustrating hearing all these ppl refer to petrol and disolved styrofoam.. so much bad information on TH-cam so thankyou so much for this you just got my subscription and like 🙏💜🕊️
The best description: if there is an unintended dissimulation of glass ware. Yes, I know very well about intended and unintended dissimulation of glassware.
This is really thorough and well explained, great work! I always chuckle a little at them making THAT MUCH dynamite using human fat in Fight Club. I think the orange juice recipe was probably the producer trying to not quite tell people how to make napalm, but still be kinda close. Btw, there are several different napalm varieties, some of which do involve polystyrene. The original aluminum palmitate one is my favorite though, it’s not quite as bad for the environment.
oh so the aluminium naphthenate and aluminium palmitate can be used separately to thicken gasoline, I thought they were used together 🤔
@@Polkem1 with the first napalm formulation napthenic acid and aluminum palmitate were used together to my understanding. There are just a bunch of forms that all get lumped under the name “napalm” because they’re all jellied fuel incendiaries.
@@chemistryofquestionablequa6252 oh I see, it’s quite difficult to find any ratios/percentages online which were industrialised.
Oh yes
Good that a incendiary weapon inst that dangerous to the ecosystem
@@anonimoqualquer5503 In the words of Hank Hill: "That's a clean burning hell I tell you hwhat"
The issue with the movie is that they purpously messed up the recepies as to "not promote violence". Most of the actual recepies were in the book that the movie is based on
Welcome to the watch list boys
We love it here what you talking about
First time?
Dangit
One of my favorite movies! Good job man!
i love how the start is quoted from breaking bad
Nice video,
From what I remind from my search onto the subject as a teenager was that "Napalm" comes from "Na palmitate" or what is the same "sodium palmitate"... thus a mix of a gooi soap and gasoline. :o)
I like the idea of Al-palm (aluminium (3+) palmitate); but it could work with Ca-palm (calcium (2+) palmitate). ;o)
Regards,
PHZ
(Philou Zrealone from the Science Madness forum)
A little paint thinner fixes styrene getting too thick.👍
Awesome vid muh dude. Since we're all on a watch list i say go for breaking bad.
Will do!
love the wise cracks. however the advice to use plastic and the reason why was the funniest thing ive heard all month. but its serious advice at the same time. we all know there are those who find things out the hard way. by the way glycerin can be found on the shelf in some wallgreenes you dont have to bother with soap unless you like to use it for your laundry to keep things white
Wheeler: This napalm just isn't that effective
Also Wheeler: Here's how you make REAL NAPALM
If you made biodiesel instead, you would have gotten a better glycerin yield. That's what they should have done in the movie instead. Heck they could have made "green" ANFO! Also just think of the pucker factor involved with demolishing a building with just nitroglycerin!
Imagine the pucker factor in the early days of building the railroad when they were moving large quantities of nitroglycerin by horse and buggy across the wild West to the mountain they were going to blast out of the way, they had to have some brass nads
Point of clarification during the conflicts in Viet Nam and Korea, the US switched over to polystyrene and deisel. It was vastly cheaper and worked just as well or better. There weren't as many flame-throwers as boms using the stuff. So maybe they used polystyrene for dropped ordiance, and soap for the flame-throwers.
Good video. Keep them coming. You hit just the right amount of knowledge without going full chemist 😂
The things you find on TH-cam, pretty sure I was on a list already but now I am for sure.
Eh, there are worse lists to be on.
having the balloons pop muted aside for the really loud one is quite cruel
"A rapid unplanned disassembly of glassware" holy hell I'm using that with my colleagues
One of my favorites, besides "Preforming Percussive Maintenance" aka hit it with something.
Please do Oppenheimer next, I found this video to be very useful
Nowadays it's probably way easier to get copious amounts of glycerol by opening a vape store and nobody would care. But then, and now, it probably would be far more troublesome to get the barrels of nitric and sulphuric acid needed to perform this feat for the private citizen. If you can get those in large quantities, you won't have any trouble getting the glycerol far easier and cheaper.
Yeah, the nitric acid was really where that movie fell apart lol
The DIY looks a lot like the white creamy man juice, just flammable.
Awesome video! Great mix of nerd and bro teehee. Thank you ❤
Glad you enjoyed it!
Great job, this is the closest video describing actual napalm as compared with folks making improvised gelled fuels.
I happen to have experience with flamethrower operation. Here's a few tips.
The improvised gelled fuels using ivory soap or similar (sodium palmitate) type soaps is thixotropic; meaning it will thicken over time. Due to this, the shelf life of the flamethrower fuel, when loaded, will eventually thicken to the point of being like mud, and will render the flamethrower inoperable.
Your aluminum palmitate based soap will work much better; notice the viscosity is better and it is less "chunky", plus, it will not overly thicken when stored.
I happen to have a patent document describing the production of napalm and your method is very close; there are a few differences, such as the fatty acid mix being composed of palmitate, oleic acid, and napthenic acid, that later of which is hard to come by ;)
Regarding polymeric napalm, using Styrofoam or polystyrene, what we see kids making only will not function in a flamethrower, because gasoline only contains about 2% BTEX (benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene/xyline) however, it can be made into the proper viscosity for a flamethrower by the following procedure: First, mix toluene and gasoline (approximately 25% toluene and 75% gasoline), then, add to it the Styrofoam until a syrup-like viscosity is achieved. This is a great flamethrower fuel with good range, I got 110 feet in my tests. That being said, any variations in viscosity can cause poor ignition or conversely, if it is too thin it will affect range.
Generally I would prefer the real stuff as it is less contamination to the environment than all that toluene and plastic spewing everywhere.
Also, the plastic based napalm, if left to sit several years, will harden into basically a solid plastic putty, again, that could be a real pain to get out of the flamethrower.
Probably the simplest, cheapest, and quickest flamethrower fuel is approximately equal parts of used motor oil 33%, gasoline 33%, and diesel 34%. It doesn't have the range or staying power of napalm, but it is cheap, fast, and won't clog the device.
Thanks this will really help
In the next episode, I will show you how to optimize the jet of your homemade heat warhead to achieve maximum penetration.
That's at lease four episodes away.
@@WheelerScientific in that case i cant wait for future episodes 🤣
Would like to see a video on how to make a clean burning, safe propellant like the commercial smokeless powders for rifle cartridges, you can make one component, nitro cellulose but it is not safe to use by itself and also a good stable primer compound that is not corrosive or to toxic
"Rapid unplanned disassembly" is probably my new favourite term for explosion
The military napalm burns better because the military adds magnesium which will ignite and even burns even under water. I can't remember off hand what temp magnesium burns at but I believe it's 1800 degrees making water not able to put it out. It burns so hot it actually separates the hydrogen and oxygen giving it fuel to keep burning. I know this because of my WW2 veteran grandfather.
Also Magnesium will consume the oxygen from CO2, so dont even try to put out burning Mg with a CO2 extinguisher
"Military" napalm is better than this guy's because there is coordination with chemists and technicians in the area.
Napalm does not contain magnesium, you must be mistaken with the other incendiary agents.
Palmoil has 12% mystricin oil in it ❤❤❤❤❤
Wow
Well, the first rule of fight club. Is never talk about fight club. Since we broke rule number one already. I guess, this guy is right and it's just easier to make nitroglycerin...
Great Video. Of course we're focused on the chemistry of using the glycerine byproduct in the Saponification process which turns out isn't the easiest byproduct to extract. Going outside of the scope of the movie and focusing on the isolation of glycerine from animal fats, it seems like the Transesterification process used in biodiesel production would give you much better yield of glycerine which is already separated. And you get biodiesel which also has its own place in energetic chemistry.
Wouldn't it be easier to just buy the glycerin? It's not like it's very expensive.
@@WinXPsp.3Yes it would be.
The nitration reaction can be done in much lower temperatures, it reduces the yield but makes it a little safer. But still very dangerous.
*Bonded? Bound?* nice work again go to your happy place!
Does the aluminum sulfate still create hydrogen when reacting with the lye in the soap?
Cool. Never really gave it too much thought. I was interested in plastics and sulfas, as strange as that sounds. You can make cars with plastics, and paint, and save lives with sulfas. A lot of chemistry in those two ideas. Liked the presentation.
"Anyone with high school chemistry knowledge could figure it out"
This was part of a test I wrote in high school lol
This video earned a sub. Well done.
I would love to see The Walking Dead, there is a particular episode where they are in an underground lab and they use nitric acid to sterelize the zombie remains, also i feel like you can find something else
Also would love to see (probably wont happen becuase long synthesis) Saving Private Ryan, specifically the Sulfa drugs (sulfur antibiotics) I think Sulfanilamide is doable
Also love your vids
Not to be pedantic, but did you use 100% gasoline or e90 which is 10% ethanol?
9:00 Everyone with an oxy-acetylene torch knows all about this! (whether they'll admit it, or not!). The beauty of this method is, you just fire up the torch and adjust it for a "neutral" flame, then shut off one of the gases, with the cylinder valve. Turn it back on, and you have the perfect stoichiometric mix for filling the balloon! No flow or volume measurements, calculations, etc, required! This makes an EXCELLENT "firecracker" for 4th of July. They are LOUD, comparable to an m-80 or cherry bomb, or even, some dynamite, depending on the size of the balloon. And NO dangerous fragments, not even like the bits of cardboard produced by a firecracker. And when the cops come by, to investigate reports of illegal fireworks, there's no incriminating evidence, not even the sulfurous aroma of spent flash powder. One word of WARNING! If you're too close to the detonation, you could suffer hearing damage! I'd recommend an electrical igniter (some very fine wire, attached to something like AC cord, going to a battery), taped to the balloon, and activated some distance away. ✴
Oh yeah! Breaking Bad! Do that one please! There are so much drugs in there
Your eBay chems are great haha. Didn’t know you had a YT channel
Question for you with the soap part. You had the soap in liquid form with the aluminum and other stuff and then you put it into moles and cooled it in fridge and then when soap is solid you take it and put it in a beaker and melt it down again. Could you not just have mixed the liquid soap before you cooled it into the gas? I’m asking because this seems like an extra step cooling it down just to melt it again that really is not needed to do and it would make the process much faster would it not???
Thanks for the tutorials!
“The chemistry between a man and woman” we must’ve been watching different movies
You can just buy glycerin though. It would probably be easier to get than litres and litres of concentrated nitric acid. The soap part just seems like an unnecessary step.
Yea, I tried it today and from a liter of canola oil I got less than a milliliter
Making explosives is soooo much easier! Ever wondered why on Hydrogen peroxide its always stated to never mix it with organic solvents? Well, now you know.
I worked at a soap making company for years, you can buy glycerin from soap making companies and skip many of those steps with the salt and filtering.
Also nitroglycerin is one of the major ingredients in modern smokeless powder or so I'm lead to believe, but as for modern explosives it's all rdx or something cooler.
Well if in the movie they bought glycerin I would have.
The intro with the walter white quote is fantastic. Fight club and breaking bad is the perfect duo
Ideas for other videos: Methamphetamine from Breaking Bad, nuclear bomb from the movie Oppenheimer
The movie "blown away" has some interesting kabooms 🤯
So good subbed!
Well done, sir!
Glad you liked it!
Rapid unplanned disassembly! Lol
Making soap is one way of doing it however you could instead use Methanol making biodiesel which has applications elsewhere and glycerol whilst also making it easier to seperate by distillation
DIY napalm is wild
in the book they talk about making plastic explosives and the reason there's no explosion at the end of the book is because Tyler used a method which the narrator says has never worked for them
Welcome back to the FBI watchlist boys! Also, 6:06 looks a bit sus 😅
What type of burner was that at 8:20 the multiple peaks looked useful for heat distribution
It is just an alcohol burner I made with a flask and some string.
The original script for the book had true recipes for napalm etc, but it was strongly recommended that he change them slightly for the final version.
A friend in high school tried to make nitro in his parents' basement 35 years ago. All he got was a cloud of yellow smoke/gas which might have been chlorine gas--not good
Yellow smoke is typically nitrous fumes. NOx starts coming off the reaction if you mess up, if it starts turning orange and red that means RUN because it can spontaneously blow.
In the movie I think Tyler says each building is blown up with 400 gallons of the stuff.
This means he somehow transported 400 gallons multiple times to different locations.
I'd be curious to see the logistics of that.
He had a bunch of guys who obeyed his every order. I doubt it'd be too hard
@@milankurienov6768 Now you're introducing even more points of failure to the equation. The more people handling the liquid, the higher the chances one of them will make a fatal mistake.
@MechanicSilo Not really, but I digress. Either way, the movie is unrealistic in many concerns, such as Durden getting men all over the country to support him so greatly and even getting hundreds of gallons of the liquid in the first place. Logistics seem to be the least of all concerns lmao.
About "Breaking Bad": The chemistry is pretty much OK, a big exception being that you CAN'T dissolve a body in just a few gallons of HF, and if you did use enough of the acid, the process would take MUCH longer than what's portrayed. Note that ALL the competent serial killers use H2SO4 for that purpose. Also, Walter tells Jessie that HF is a "strong acid." Surely Walt knows better! But when it comes to electronics & RF principles, the series really screws up! First, a GPS tracker (like a cell-phone) will not work if it's surrounded by a conductive surface. Also, the improvised battery Walt makes could not produce the current necessary to run a vehicle starter motor, and if it could, the wires shown would melt.
Better to dissolve in water and than add isopropyl and (additional) salt out. Isopropyl is the easiest solvent to recover as its azeotrope is barely evident.
Great video! Here's a question; in the original Terminator movie from 1984 Sarah Conner and Kyle Reese make explosives using moth balls, corn syrup, ammonia - can you make any real explosive using these ingredients?
i just watched through the orange juice napalm section and have a few things to point out, + i am just an amateur chemist, i might get this wrong, but the orange juice mixture isn't really "napalm" its just likely a super quick equivalent to the sugar rocket mix where you mix sugar with a oxidizer, the sugar is naturally present in the orange juice, and this keeps the mixture burning while the other counterpart produces oxygen consistently to create a flame that it hotter than usual and combusts better, i might be wrong, i am just assuming that something in gasoline is a oxidizer, i don't know, and i have another thing to ask instead of point out, theoretically if you creating a formulation of thermite (Al + Fe2O3) and your napalm mixture, wouldn't this create a napalm with a superior heat?, the only 2 downsides i can think of are solubility, where the thermite mixture does not dissolve in the napalm mixture, which due to both of the ingredient of the most common mixture of thermite being powders, they probably wont, and another is that because it is burning hotter, it will consume the fuel more quickly, and hence negate the point of making napalm anyway, what do you think?
And brain chemistry, because the protagonist is nuts.
Bro theres no reason to censor nitroglycerin production. The recipe is on wikipedia for anyone who never took chemistry, and anyone who took basic chemistry already knows how to make it. It's not really possible to transport any dangerous amount because of how sensitive it is, so its actually not very likely to be used nefariously. The larger the quantity, the more sensitive it becomes to shock, so its pretty self limiting.
Hold up… 14:35 now you made soap…
Now you can make some more napalm
May I ask if the concentrations of the solutions in this video are all in 1 M?
Was the recipe to make napalm really necessary?
The storyfoam thing been known for a long time yeah.. I am already a middle aged man, but I used to play with that stuff as a kid in our yard
To obtain the glycerol starting from tallow, wouldn't be easier with a transesterification with methanol and sodium hydroxide as catalyzer? the extraction would be with a better yeld...
Well yeah, but the Fight club premise is with soap so I did chemistry around soap.
Dude, what would be a good solvent for the white deodorant stains ?
It would have helped if you nitrated the frozen oj before mixing with gasoline 😜
I used powder from fireworks and some clay I found to make what I think is a c4 kinda too powerful though , and the play doe ore clay fragments almost killed me.
So my tutorial on making explosives.
14:54 Probably the craziest thing you said during the entire video 😭
I thought Napalm was short for napthalene which is a mix of naptha and styrene which the military then adds magnesium and what all other accelerants
Dissolving polystyrene into gasoline also makes kickass napalm, also called gangsters napalm due to its use in firebombing rival clubs
Famously the recipes in the book and movie were censored. The OJ replaced the Styrofoam (a crude form of napalm, much easier to make), and for the other one, lets just say there are easier way to make that using typically lye, and salt peter.
The "candle" was a bit close to ... everything, did your cam survive that? But seriously: A funny and interesting video. I love such things, because sometimes they are pretty exact in films and other times - some "fantasies" seem to be part of the hollywood way of making a film, but I have to admit that I just love good old Hollywood, I came to the conclusion, that it's just not necessary to criticize All I can, I prefer to respect it the way it's done ... but however, a nice more professional cheap and simple tool for igniting things at a distance wouldn't be too much high-tech at once - but no critique!
Shout out to Alfred Nobel!
That reminds me the MythBusters did an episode on the natural gas exploding a house