This is one of the channels that should be MANDATORY in schools, period. Even those who do not interest in this still can think about it generally and those who want dig deeper and continue to learn deeper math & science to become future scientists.
I agree that school videos and experiments are rarely fun, however it is important to learn the basics of science and the ‘scientific process’ or the cool stuff will not make any sense. Having said that, videos like this are good because they show us how the basic scientific ideas such as ‘magnetic fields’ and ‘atomic structures’ can be used to do really cool stuff. TLDR: hang in there because science can get pretty weird once you learn the basics.
This is the absolute best TEM and SEM video I have ever seen. I actually worked at Thermo Fisher Scientific on SEMs and dual beams and they never even showed us videos which were this good. Great work and super accurate. Amazing!
that's cuz most companies don't even know what they are doing. it's typical nowdays, do you think that company that produces CPUs, knows how their machines work? nowday people order things and put pieces together based on some tutorials, but they have no idea how those pieces actually work, i'm not saying it's wrong, because no company or single person would be able to build things from scratch, that's why Einstein and other intelligent people never reached this far with technology, it's always about taking pieces and putting them together, but if some company is focusing on developing things and making them better, then they MUST understand how things work on base level, otherwise how can they ever make anything better if they don't even understand it?
@@SethiozProject I work for ThermoFisher, been doing this work for 35 years. The company knows exactly how all of the tools work, and all of this information is available. the OP did not look hard enough if he was never taught at this level!
Electron Microscopes are a rather complicated topic, and we're sure you have many questions. Feel free to ask them, and we will do our best to answer them. Here are some questions from other users. Q: What would it look like to look at an electron beam? [@rage9067] A: The electron beam viewed from a side is invisible to the naked eye. However, it can be observed indirectly, by its interactions with matter. For example, if the beam hits air molecules in the atmosphere, it ionizes them and they glow as they recombine back. In different conditions, these effects are known as glow discharges, electrical arcs and sparks and can generate plasma. If the electron beam hit the retina of your eye directly, it would likely be perceived as a very bright flash followed by local tissue damage and wider-area tissue damage from the generated x-rays. Q: If the electrons pass through the objects, then how is it possible for an image to be created? [@dinev9, @Billyce18] A: At the nanoscopic level, objects are emptier and fuzzier than they appear macroscopically. The electrons passing through atoms usually don’t hit anything directly like billiard balls. But rathe pass through “clouds” of electrical charge from the electron shells bound to the atom nucleus. In doing so, they get deflected by electrical forces from both the nucleus and the electron shells, and deviate from their original direction. That’s how the specimen gets imprinted into the electron beam. Then, more electrons hit one part of the detector and fewer hit the others. That’s how the resulting image contrast gets created. Q: Can we speed up electrons even faster than 70% the speed of light? Would it improve the images? [@kusura43] A: Yes we can. The most common speeds correspond to kinetic energies of 100-300 keV, so 55-78% the speed of light. Higher energies for imaging are rare, as they generate a very large number of x-rays that need to be shielded, require stronger magnetic fields for focusing and generally bring only very little improvement in terms of image clarity or resolution. Historically, there were experimental microscopes with electron beams of up to 2 MeV (2 000 keV), so 98% the speed of light, but they were as big as a building and generally not worth the trouble and costs in terms of performance. Q: Who was the first person to build an electron microscope? [@MrSimonw58] A: German physicists and engineers Ernst Ruska and Max Knoll. There’s a bit more info on the history in the Creator’s comments (English/Canadian subtitles) now. Q: Couldn’t AI clear up or upscale the image? [@user-if1ly5sn5f] A: Yes, to a degree. A fair amount of image processing techniques, both classical and AI-based, can be used to “improve” the raw images. However, you typically need more images from the same area of interest under slightly different conditions, to make sure you’re getting additional real information. Instead of artifacts of the used method. For radiation-sensitive specimens, this may be a problem as each additional image changes and degrades the selected area of the specimen. Q: Can anything be imaged by an electron microscope? Are there any induction effects like eddy currents or atom bond-breaking in a 100 nm thick specimen (e.g. from metal)? [@ramit_arko] A: In general, yes, any thin enough specimen can be imaged with an electron microscope. However, some are radiation-sensitive (typically biological specimens) and they quickly degrade under electron illumination. Their atomic bonds indeed break. Another interesting category is magnetic samples - these require the objective to be turned off in a special mode, so that its magnetic field doesn’t influence and change the domains in the specimen. This results in lower resolution and magnifications. The eddy currents are not a problem for two reasons: First, the electron beam is typically stationary, not pulsed, so the no electromagnetic induction takes place in the specimen. Second, the specimen is so thin that these currents are suppressed even in the rare case of pulsed-beam operation. Q: Can the cameras give us a live feed one day, to not only take images, but also videos? [@-_Nuke_-] A: They absolutely can, even now! Depending on camera type and its resolution, you can take videos with a framerate ranging from a few tens of frames per second, up to several hundred! In order to look at even quicker events, you need specialized detectors and pulsed beam operation, typically achieved in combination with femtosecond lasers or other techniques. These can give amazing resolution not only in space, but also in time. There’s a bit more on that in the Creator’s comments (English/Canadian subtitles) now. Q: Is there some way to “invert” the image contrast by directly manipulating the electrons? Also, how do you focus electrons with a hole (aperture)? Are the apertures made of specially compressed material, so that they can stop the electrons? [@orrotem7860] A: The electrons in the beam are affected not only by the specimen, but also all the optical elements in the column - lenses, apertures, deflectors, correctors, imperfections and disturbances etc. They together make up what’s known as optical transfer function, or more specifically contrast transfer function. This is what describes the “inversions” and also blurriness and other effects in image contrast on objects (like atoms or clumps of material) of certain sizes. There are some ways to counter these effects by directly manipulating the electrons, one of them being the use of phase plates. As for the other questions, the holes (apertures) are not used for focusing, but mostly filtering. Either of image spatial frequencies carried by electrons far from the optical axis, or of stray electrons scattered by something else than the specimen. The material of the apertures - typically gold, platinum or other dense metals - does not have any special treatment. It’s just thicker, so it stops even the high-energy electrons. A bit more on both these topics is in the Creator’s comments (English/Canadian subtitles) now. Q: Can we combine a particle accelerator and an electron microscope to image using quarks (or other particles) for even higher resolution and magnifications? [@user-cz9jf1ec8s] A: There would be a lot of impracticalities for such approach. Quarks, as far as I know, cannot exist as individual particles at common energies, but only in bound states: either quark-antiquark pairs (mesons) or in trios (baryons) like protons or neutrons. These composite particles are very heavy, making them significantly more damaging to the specimen. So even though they would have a smaller wavelength than electrons at comparable energies, their larger momentum and interaction cross-section would destroy the specimen (and likely also the camera) very quickly. If we go the other way, to lighter particles, there’s not much else either: Neutrinos lack electric charge and almost don’t interact with regular matter. Light with very short wavelengths (typically x-rays) is used for imaging, but difficult to focus or optically control, and requires a lot of shielding for safety. Plus, typically fairly large (building-sized) synchrotron sources. Taking all this into account, electrons are actually pretty good particles for imaging the nanoworld, all things considered. It seems more practical to work on optical aberration correctors for electrons if we want to reach higher resolution and magnification, rather than to look for a different carrier particle. Q: How is the 50 000x zoom of the projector lenses achieved? [@krissn8111] A: It is just the cumulative effect of 4 lenses gradually magnifying the image created by the objective lens. The total magnification is the product (so, multiplication) of the individual lenses’ magnifications. Q: How is it possible that the specimen holder material does not interfere with the scanning? [@JuanCruzAvila] A: The specimen is usually placed on a thin carbon foil, either continuous or with holes, supported by a thicker copper grid. Alternatively, it can be welded (using micromanipulators and a focused ion beam) to a different kind of grid. These grids are then placed in holders and inserted into the microscope. In almost all cases, the scanned area is much smaller than the support grid “windows” or “fins”, so there is no interference in the scanning process from the grid or the holder. Q: Is the tungsten crystal a serviceable item? As in do you need to replace it after a certain amount of uses? [@timster150100] A: It depends on the type of the electron source. The oldest, thermionic sources (not shown in the video) used a tungsten wire (similar to that of old lightbulbs) that had to be exchanged every several tens to a few hundreds of hours of use. The Schottky (i.e. heated) field emission sources last for thousands of hours before needing replacement. The Cold field emission sources can last tens of thousands of hours. But it depends on the conditions under which they are used, typically the vacuum quality and the amount of heating. Q: If we had unlimited money how much higher could the resolution be with our current tools and knowledge? [@hexramdass2644] A: What an interesting question! If I had to speculate, with unlimited money and brainpower, I’d say we’d be able to reach close to the diffraction limit of several picometers in a single image. Even now, one exotic indirect methods combining a large number of images and iterations (electron ptychography) was able to reach a reconstructed image with a resolution of around 20 pm.
I still do not understand if the electrons pass through the object then how is it possible for an image to be created? Would that not just give a blank image?
@@dinev9 i think its the way the the object being imaged scatters the electrons that make contact with the object being compared to the electrons that experience no scattering.
Seriously I can't get over how good this content is. The graphical side is perfect, the research and voice over is perfect. Plus the fact that every detail is covered and literally every time you explain something, you answer any question I have immediately after. Everything is covered and thoroughly. I can't believe this is free
We need to learn! And don't be so selfish... The world would be a beautiful balance place if everybody would help each other for free. Every human has it's own qualities... You can not have a good time without your fellow human being! First we must move forward (evolution) and become independent of the opposites. Then balance! It will be fine, but it will take a while.
I'll be completely Honest, at first, I was really sus of all the comments praising this video for just about every reason, and thought it was bots . . . but then I watched it and realized it was no exaggeration . . . then I get halfway through the video and they drop the fact that there's even MORE information in Canadian subtitles and now I'm on my 3rd rewatch of the video taking detailed notes. This video is an absolutely amazing piece of content, and has really helped me prepare for my SEM training.
As someone who works for Thermo Fisher and makes these incredible machines I'm really satisfied by your explanation of how it works. Fun fact: 3 companies based in Brno city are responsible for almost 1/3 of global production of electron microscopes, that's why Brno is called "City of electron microscopy".
Thermo FSE's are always in our lab. The old fei software kinda sucks but the tools are by far my favorite SEM/FIB. We have a new JOEL coming next year and I can't wait for it!
@@randynewkirkii Not going to lie. The old green UI kind of has a special place in my heart. However having gotten used to the new UI I have to admit it is better.
This is sponsorship done beautifully! One of the only videos I've ever seen where the sponsor adds real value to the content, while also being completely relevant to the subject. Thank you to the video creators for choosing content value over money, and thank you to the sponsor for contributing to making this video so much more informative!
so true! this is how ads/sponsors should be put on video, not in intrusive way, but in creative way that they actually add value to video. i got nothing bad to say about this video, this is how every youtuber should do things ... BUT sad side, look at views and subs ... barely 2 mil subs, while all those clown channels easily get over 50 mil, this is living PROOF that 90% of people are extremely dumb and rather follow some half-breaded clowns than educate themselves by watching this.
As a 3D artist I must appreciate the amount of work went into this video. Granted that sponsors were generous and shared rough 3D models.. still those models must be technical oriented (CAD exports that require a ton of cleanup) Someone must have gone through the geometry clean-up, UVs and texturing to make them look accurate AND visually appealing. Props to the Artists, narrator and rest of the production team 🙌🙌
But the (human) work remains to be done here, namely to assess how much reality there is in these things. For as much as it seems to suggest the contrary, here we are still very much at the level of theory. And it is very dangerous not to be aware of that.
I've been doing TEM for years and this is one of the best videos I've seen on the topic. The animations in particular are fantastic. Looking forward to the creator comments!
I'm not the smartest man. The fact that anyone was able to not only conceive of the concept of an electron microscope -- but actually build one -- absolutely boggles my mind. Nothing short of magic to me, as far as I'm concerned.
There are only handful of TH-cam channels I eagerly wait to put out new videos. Branch Education is definitely one of them. Quality content as always with something new to learn everytime.
Yeah, what are others? SerpaDesign is good. Journey to the Microcosmos was an amazing channel too, but they just recently uploaded their last video, sadly. 😢
I love what you do here, using 3D visualizations to break down highly complex concepts into fairly easy to understand explanations. I'm glad Branch Education is continuing to pick up subscribers as folks notice that this stuff is actually pretty awesome. Keep up the great work!! As for the electron microscopes themselves, I've always wondered how they worked. In some ways they are simpler than I expected, but the degree of precision remains astounding. Miracle of science research, right there.
I'm an outsider; an artist, but I have always been interested in the sciences and regularly watch videos and read articles on a wide range of sujects. This presentation impressed - and informed - me more than any source I have read or watched in recent months. High praise to the writers and 3d artists and of course, to the scientists and engineers who have, with their curiosity and tenacity, made this possible. A thousand thanks!....where to next?
The amount of research and hard work put into the research and 3D animations is simply astounding. Very clear and thorough explanation, guy! Keep up the amazing work!
This is a great video. Everything was so clear. Having grown up scientifically literate and deeply interested in nuclear and atomic physics, this video easily makes visible with animations where the research in this branch of science has taken us in our understanding of reality. This is awesome! I plan on studying electrical engineering soon. Though I plan on getting into nuclear engineering shortly after. It would be a dream of mine to use that knowledge to create something to advance the understanding of reality. This is great, wow. Excellent work! Shout out to ThermoFisher for investing into making these impressive machines. 👏🏻 The videos created by Branch Education definitely wake up my inner child wishing I grew up watching them. I know the kids searching for these kinds of videos will carry with them the knowledge acquired to have an impact.
Were you always interested in electronics as a child and tinker with them? I'm 20 years old and I too also plan to study electrical engineering but it's my first time testing out a kit and tinkering with stuff to learn more.
9:25 I've officially learned how aperture is used in photography. I knew the simple things about aperture and how it effect photos, but after seeing this visualization, I fully understand now. Heck even my entire perspective on how my eyes receive light has changed. Thank you.
Outstanding as always. This is likely my favourite channel on TH-cam. Never fail to deliver complex topics with incredible graphics and excellent descriptions.
I came across your channel yesterday and I've been obsessed with your content. You have put an incredible amount of research, detail, storytelling and artistry into each one and have produced some of the greatest learning material i've ever seen. Bravo and thank you for putting something good into the world!
Please answer these questions I'm very curious to know further more...... 1. Can wavelength still be shorten more in order to get more magnified image ? 2. If yes, then Can we see electrons/protons or further more quarks ? 3. Can quarks be used instead of electrons (may be in future)?
This was such an interesting watch! I did a lot of undergrad research on silver nano particles and used the SEM every week but didn't have a deep understanding of how they worked. Thank you!
As a shareholder in Thermo Fisher Scientific (TMO), it makes me so happy that they provide this sort of information to such an educational channel! Great content!
Another great video, from undoubtedly one of the best TH-cam channels, kudos to Thermo Fisher Scientific, for getting involved in this video, good to see such a large company cares enough to help you with this video, they have such a wide range of products and technologies that can help you with more future contents , for example you could do a video about spectrometers and hopefully Thermo Fisher Scientific will be there to assist you on that too.
The Beauty of this project should also highlight the core concept of this microscope is exactly the same as a light microscope. 😊 We are focusing a beam of energy that oscillates at a certain frequency. Rather than a glass lens used for light, we can use magnetic fields to focus the beam to a point. It’s absolutely brilliant engineering, I love that we can use the same core concept at different scales.
it's accumulative contributation, each time a sceintist or an engineer answers a simple very simple unoticebale question they ask about some latest technologies they had at the time. the answer leads to other questions that would be answered by others till you get into a new thing completely different.
Excellent video as always. I had a question regarding the TEM Microscope....as the electron beam is accelerated to such a high speed and is measuring such delicate and small objects, does the beam itself not move or "push" around the object being measured? Optical tweezers come to mind when thinking of the interaction of light "pushing" around super tiny samples. Thank you for all these incredible videos...looking forward to more deep dives and indepth videos :)
Oh, trust me it does - but not exactly in the way you’d expect. For the most part, the beam hits the sample uniformly (from all directions) and is able to “pin down” the sample. Imagine a book standing up, and you push it on one side. It will topple. Now push it with the same force from the other side at the same time. It stays upright. Similar thing is happening. However, insulating samples still love to move and can be problematic if not prepared properly (thinner samples have less of an issue with this, and an improperly focused beam can potentially push a sample around since the incoming electrons aren’t hitting all sides uniformly anymore). They can accumulate electrons and become negatively charged, then get pushed around by the negative beam. Beam damage is also very problematic. The sample can easily degrade in such an environment. You also have SEMs and S/TEMs which also like to push and damage samples. These microscopes use a beam that “rasters” or sweeps across the sample one pixel at a time, which is inherently non uniform and can push/charge/break samples very very easily.
As a microscopist, this is the bane of my existence. I don't think electrons are able to produce the optical trapping force that you can get with lasers, but what's more likely is that it just pumps a bunch of energy into the sample and the atoms get kicked around as a result. Another thing that can happen is that it can polymerize organic species onto your sample either from surface species or from contamination from a previous user. So yes, the beam is always going to actively be interacting with your sample and actively participating in chemical/physical processes.
There are also external factors that can limit the ultimate resolution. Electromagnetic interference, physical and acoustic vibrations can wreak havoc on an image. I've installed more SEMs than I can remember. All of the best performers were the systems with the most stable environment.
Great video! I have two questions. 1. Why can't photons be used that have the same wavelenght like the electrons beeing used? So x-ray or even gamma radiaton? 2. Why is the material beeing looked at (proteins, gold Nanopartikels etc.) not beeing vaporized immediatly? Is the process of takeing the picture just faster than the probe is vaporized? So is it just a very short electron beam and the probe is still undamaged after taking the picture?
As someone who makes these microscopes at Thermo Fisher I can answer your questions. 1. It's because we are not able to emit such photons from the tip and manipulating electrons is easier than manipulating photons. 2. Specimen is cooled by liquid nitrogen and exposure time is very short. Specimen itself gets damaged pretty quickly, but we are able to capture enough data to reconstruct the image before specimen gets completely destroyed. If you have more questions I will be more than happy to give you answers.
As an experimental physicist, I think this educational video serves very well as an intro to the word of electron microscopy. Detailed and well presented. Thanks
16:25 "thermo fisher isnt sponsorimg this video to pursuade you to buy a multimillion dollar microscope, but rather they want you to invest in humanity by contributing knowledge in a career at their company" This is the most unique sponsor message ive ever seen. Bravo thermo fisher 👏 Normally sponsors dont sponsor videos to advertise their career page, this is so incredible!
What an amazingly extreme engineering triumph. I'm curious as to whether current microscopes are limited by engineering obstacles or economic obstacles. If we had unlimited money how much higher could the resolution be with our current tools and knowledge?
As someone who makes these machines at Thermo Fisher I can tell you, that with our current technology it can't get much better than what we have now even with unlimited money. There is one company in Netherlands that makes even bigger microscopes than Thermo Fisher. Production of one of these microscopes takes about a year and it can see and manipulate individual atoms, but there is a lot of conditions you need to meet. For example you need to have rock solid building for it, because even a smallest vibration can completely ruin your image and second big problem is electro-magnetic interference. When using +2M magnification even the literal orientation of the microscope relative to earths EM field can cause distortion of the image.
@@JMPoly thank you, I'm humbled that you took the time to respond to my curiosity and amazed at your skill in making these machines at the limits of our technology. Have a great week further friend.
@@JMPolyCurious question, but with unlimited money, could we put an electron microscope in space and would it perform better due to not having the earth's EM field/vibrations to worry about?
Its discoverer, J.J. Thomson, said, "The Electron... May It Never Be of Use to Anybody". We have measured the electron's mass, its charge, its spin, and its effects upon many other particles. But The electron's size has never, ever been measured; it may even be infinitesimally small. And it has never been directly observed. Never. Ever. In over a century. How do ya like them apples?
Got a link for that quote? Electron size is measured in electron scattering….and it’s a least smaller than the highest energy beams of 200 GeV…. Which is like an attometer. But there’s probably better measurements at the pdg dot gov.
Amazed by the brilliant scientific ideas that have been put to construct this marvel and big thanks to the content creator for making such a lucid and interesting video .
I echo the sentiment and understand your point, but I think many of cutting edge technology has its origins in the need of military. It's rather sad but without demands of military, many (not all) scientific projects would go much slower, or wouldn't take off/get funded at all. I think that even proto-internet started of as a communication system between various military bases or locations.
@@jaromir_kovar The majority of military-related inventions had been made possible in no small part precisely due to the vast funding allocated to the military, which is simply not available to ordinary scientists.
@@456dave7 at the end of the day things that are incredibly useful to mankind tend to be extremely useful at destroying mankind to. There aren't many that don't overlap, innovations that keep a army healthy and supplied also do the same for civilians.
Without having a military to defend the conditions that allow these devices to be created they wouldn't exist in the first place. Getting rid of militaries and just hoping everyone in the world pinky promises to not attack you is naive in the extreme.
OMG! What a fantastic surprise coming across this channel! I have been practicing and teaching physics and chemistry for over 50 years and have never come across animations and explanations so clear. I can see myself binge watching for a long time. Thank so very very much!
Fascinating.. you guys turn incredibly complicated subjects and make them understandable and that's amazing. It drives people's interests into sciences and explores the worlds in a whole different way. Good Job !
It is a great pleasure to have come across your content. This is amazing to have landed on your channel, please. May you be rewarded for your benevolence to share your wisdom and insights with the vulnerable world.
Good job humanity you managed to reach another great achievement although it may feel like we’re still in the 90s this era is peaking into the future. What a time to be alive. By the time I’m old I hope to see robots living side by side with us in harmony and space travel. So exciting
Thanks for the Incredible work guys I really appreciate that !! Thermoficher did an incredible work too by creating these Engineering masterpieces !!! I wish you could have more of these videos.
One thing that never ceases to amaze me is that when you demagnify an SEM to it's lowest available mag and you image something that is visible with the naked eye. This is going to be around 15x to 60x. The thought that I'm literally using a 30 kV particle accelerator to use electrons to look at something that I can see with my own eyes never ceases to blow my mind.
I worked in the semiconductor industry in an engineering department. This job consisted of controlling the process of etching on silicon wafers. We would submit samples to the SEM operator and then use the pictures to measure the width, angles and depth of the etched materials. I was always fascinated with the ability of the SEM to produce these pictures. This video clearly explains how these tools work. Thank you.
If somehow the modern civilization were to be destroyed, I hope videos like this would inspire the new survived generation to rebuild civilization, they'd know how amazing our science and tech were before that era. Good job guys! I wish I could sponsor this channel.
Wow, i just came across this channel. This video just makes me think of the amazing things we can create if we just collaborated and focused on problem solving. What an amazing piece of tech! Also, i usually skip the sponsored section of videos but I must give credit to Thermo Fisher for sharing this knowledge, not for the prospect of selling but to empower scientists and engineers to explore, discover and solve human problems.
Im 60. My mother bought us a microscope when i was 5. We lived on a farm that had a pond. Pond water, yea, pond water opened my eyes to microscopy. The tiny world is in and of itself an amazing place. I now have a 14000 power emulsion microscope and can now see worlds i kinda figured were there the whole time. Turn a kid onto microscopy..... Please.
Rather than just use technical jargon to explain something, this video demonstrate graphical video to demonstrate how something works to the audience or viewer's, bravo 👏👏👏👍.
High quality educational content for everyone who wants to learn. Thank you for this superb channel! Congratulations for the sponsors too who believe in the goal of this channel!
I still can't believe that this content is available for free, provided the amount of research and hardwork this video would have taken.
Considering how many views each of this channel's video has, the income it generates most likely more than covers the expense.
We stand on the shoulders of giants
Free monetarily maybe but your eyeballs and time is the product here...
Why cant we see atoms of the surfaces around these atoms? 🤔🧐
This
This is one of the channels that should be MANDATORY in schools, period. Even those who do not interest in this still can think about it generally and those who want dig deeper and continue to learn deeper math & science to become future scientists.
Yes, my school never shows interesting videos, its always mix salt with water now you have a solution. Btw im in 9th grade
I agree that school videos and experiments are rarely fun, however it is important to learn the basics of science and the ‘scientific process’ or the cool stuff will not make any sense. Having said that, videos like this are good because they show us how the basic scientific ideas such as ‘magnetic fields’ and ‘atomic structures’ can be used to do really cool stuff. TLDR: hang in there because science can get pretty weird once you learn the basics.
@@eloquentlyemma i know but im in the 9th year and (in my country) we learn things to Would be teached to a 4year old in physics and chemistry class
@@ancientlink0they should at least put some cucumbers in the solution to get some pickles.
@@ancientlink0im in 12th grade, my school doesn't even have salt for us to mix, we never did any action, just learn and answer tests
Next level animation.
This is the absolute best TEM and SEM video I have ever seen. I actually worked at Thermo Fisher Scientific on SEMs and dual beams and they never even showed us videos which were this good. Great work and super accurate. Amazing!
that's cuz most companies don't even know what they are doing. it's typical nowdays, do you think that company that produces CPUs, knows how their machines work?
nowday people order things and put pieces together based on some tutorials, but they have no idea how those pieces actually work, i'm not saying it's wrong, because no company or single person would be able to build things from scratch, that's why Einstein and other intelligent people never reached this far with technology, it's always about taking pieces and putting them together, but if some company is focusing on developing things and making them better, then they MUST understand how things work on base level, otherwise how can they ever make anything better if they don't even understand it?
@@SethiozProject I work for ThermoFisher, been doing this work for 35 years. The company knows exactly how all of the tools work, and all of this information is available. the OP did not look hard enough if he was never taught at this level!
Hi from Turkey! I just wanted to thank you for your great educative content and incredible animations.. Keep the good work!
you guys are incredible!
thank you!!!
Electron Microscopes are a rather complicated topic, and we're sure you have many questions. Feel free to ask them, and we will do our best to answer them. Here are some questions from other users.
Q: What would it look like to look at an electron beam? [@rage9067]
A: The electron beam viewed from a side is invisible to the naked eye. However, it can be observed indirectly, by its interactions with matter.
For example, if the beam hits air molecules in the atmosphere, it ionizes them and they glow as they recombine back. In different conditions, these effects are known as glow discharges, electrical arcs and sparks and can generate plasma.
If the electron beam hit the retina of your eye directly, it would likely be perceived as a very bright flash followed by local tissue damage and wider-area tissue damage from the generated x-rays.
Q: If the electrons pass through the objects, then how is it possible for an image to be created? [@dinev9, @Billyce18]
A: At the nanoscopic level, objects are emptier and fuzzier than they appear macroscopically. The electrons passing through atoms usually don’t hit anything directly like billiard balls. But rathe pass through “clouds” of electrical charge from the electron shells bound to the atom nucleus. In doing so, they get deflected by electrical forces from both the nucleus and the electron shells, and deviate from their original direction. That’s how the specimen gets imprinted into the electron beam. Then, more electrons hit one part of the detector and fewer hit the others. That’s how the resulting image contrast gets created.
Q: Can we speed up electrons even faster than 70% the speed of light? Would it improve the images? [@kusura43]
A: Yes we can. The most common speeds correspond to kinetic energies of 100-300 keV, so 55-78% the speed of light. Higher energies for imaging are rare, as they generate a very large number of x-rays that need to be shielded, require stronger magnetic fields for focusing and generally bring only very little improvement in terms of image clarity or resolution. Historically, there were experimental microscopes with electron beams of up to 2 MeV (2 000 keV), so 98% the speed of light, but they were as big as a building and generally not worth the trouble and costs in terms of performance.
Q: Who was the first person to build an electron microscope? [@MrSimonw58]
A: German physicists and engineers Ernst Ruska and Max Knoll. There’s a bit more info on the history in the Creator’s comments (English/Canadian subtitles) now.
Q: Couldn’t AI clear up or upscale the image? [@user-if1ly5sn5f]
A: Yes, to a degree. A fair amount of image processing techniques, both classical and AI-based, can be used to “improve” the raw images. However, you typically need more images from the same area of interest under slightly different conditions, to make sure you’re getting additional real information. Instead of artifacts of the used method. For radiation-sensitive specimens, this may be a problem as each additional image changes and degrades the selected area of the specimen.
Q: Can anything be imaged by an electron microscope? Are there any induction effects like eddy currents or atom bond-breaking in a 100 nm thick specimen (e.g. from metal)? [@ramit_arko]
A: In general, yes, any thin enough specimen can be imaged with an electron microscope. However, some are radiation-sensitive (typically biological specimens) and they quickly degrade under electron illumination. Their atomic bonds indeed break. Another interesting category is magnetic samples - these require the objective to be turned off in a special mode, so that its magnetic field doesn’t influence and change the domains in the specimen. This results in lower resolution and magnifications. The eddy currents are not a problem for two reasons: First, the electron beam is typically stationary, not pulsed, so the no electromagnetic induction takes place in the specimen. Second, the specimen is so thin that these currents are suppressed even in the rare case of pulsed-beam operation.
Q: Can the cameras give us a live feed one day, to not only take images, but also videos? [@-_Nuke_-]
A: They absolutely can, even now! Depending on camera type and its resolution, you can take videos with a framerate ranging from a few tens of frames per second, up to several hundred! In order to look at even quicker events, you need specialized detectors and pulsed beam operation, typically achieved in combination with femtosecond lasers or other techniques. These can give amazing resolution not only in space, but also in time. There’s a bit more on that in the Creator’s comments (English/Canadian subtitles) now.
Q: Is there some way to “invert” the image contrast by directly manipulating the electrons? Also, how do you focus electrons with a hole (aperture)? Are the apertures made of specially compressed material, so that they can stop the electrons? [@orrotem7860]
A: The electrons in the beam are affected not only by the specimen, but also all the optical elements in the column - lenses, apertures, deflectors, correctors, imperfections and disturbances etc. They together make up what’s known as optical transfer function, or more specifically contrast transfer function. This is what describes the “inversions” and also blurriness and other effects in image contrast on objects (like atoms or clumps of material) of certain sizes. There are some ways to counter these effects by directly manipulating the electrons, one of them being the use of phase plates.
As for the other questions, the holes (apertures) are not used for focusing, but mostly filtering. Either of image spatial frequencies carried by electrons far from the optical axis, or of stray electrons scattered by something else than the specimen. The material of the apertures - typically gold, platinum or other dense metals - does not have any special treatment. It’s just thicker, so it stops even the high-energy electrons.
A bit more on both these topics is in the Creator’s comments (English/Canadian subtitles) now.
Q: Can we combine a particle accelerator and an electron microscope to image using quarks (or other particles) for even higher resolution and magnifications? [@user-cz9jf1ec8s]
A: There would be a lot of impracticalities for such approach. Quarks, as far as I know, cannot exist as individual particles at common energies, but only in bound states: either quark-antiquark pairs (mesons) or in trios (baryons) like protons or neutrons. These composite particles are very heavy, making them significantly more damaging to the specimen. So even though they would have a smaller wavelength than electrons at comparable energies, their larger momentum and interaction cross-section would destroy the specimen (and likely also the camera) very quickly.
If we go the other way, to lighter particles, there’s not much else either: Neutrinos lack electric charge and almost don’t interact with regular matter. Light with very short wavelengths (typically x-rays) is used for imaging, but difficult to focus or optically control, and requires a lot of shielding for safety. Plus, typically fairly large (building-sized) synchrotron sources.
Taking all this into account, electrons are actually pretty good particles for imaging the nanoworld, all things considered. It seems more practical to work on optical aberration correctors for electrons if we want to reach higher resolution and magnification, rather than to look for a different carrier particle.
Q: How is the 50 000x zoom of the projector lenses achieved? [@krissn8111]
A: It is just the cumulative effect of 4 lenses gradually magnifying the image created by the objective lens. The total magnification is the product (so, multiplication) of the individual lenses’ magnifications.
Q: How is it possible that the specimen holder material does not interfere with the scanning? [@JuanCruzAvila]
A: The specimen is usually placed on a thin carbon foil, either continuous or with holes, supported by a thicker copper grid. Alternatively, it can be welded (using micromanipulators and a focused ion beam) to a different kind of grid. These grids are then placed in holders and inserted into the microscope. In almost all cases, the scanned area is much smaller than the support grid “windows” or “fins”, so there is no interference in the scanning process from the grid or the holder.
Q: Is the tungsten crystal a serviceable item? As in do you need to replace it after a certain amount of uses? [@timster150100]
A: It depends on the type of the electron source. The oldest, thermionic sources (not shown in the video) used a tungsten wire (similar to that of old lightbulbs) that had to be exchanged every several tens to a few hundreds of hours of use. The Schottky (i.e. heated) field emission sources last for thousands of hours before needing replacement. The Cold field emission sources can last tens of thousands of hours. But it depends on the conditions under which they are used, typically the vacuum quality and the amount of heating.
Q: If we had unlimited money how much higher could the resolution be with our current tools and knowledge? [@hexramdass2644]
A: What an interesting question! If I had to speculate, with unlimited money and brainpower, I’d say we’d be able to reach close to the diffraction limit of several picometers in a single image. Even now, one exotic indirect methods combining a large number of images and iterations (electron ptychography) was able to reach a reconstructed image with a resolution of around 20 pm.
well i am wondering what a beam of electrons would look like to a human eye? any answers?
I still do not understand if the electrons pass through the object then how is it possible for an image to be created? Would that not just give a blank image?
@@dinev9 i think its the way the the object being imaged scatters the electrons that make contact with the object being compared to the electrons that experience no scattering.
@@rage9067 I imagine you either wouldn't see it or it would appear as a sort of, 'lightning laser'.
@@bobroberts8500 I can't find it either.
Seriously I can't get over how good this content is. The graphical side is perfect, the research and voice over is perfect. Plus the fact that every detail is covered and literally every time you explain something, you answer any question I have immediately after. Everything is covered and thoroughly. I can't believe this is free
th-cam.com/video/S_1F3ckwP-Q/w-d-xo.htmlsi=Yg7GZRuHhzEPwKwa
We need to learn! And don't be so selfish... The world would be a beautiful balance place if everybody would help each other for free. Every human has it's own qualities... You can not have a good time without your fellow human being! First we must move forward (evolution) and become independent of the opposites. Then balance! It will be fine, but it will take a while.
You *believe* all that guff about atoms and electrons?
*Why*?
@@vhawk1951kl what are you trying to say chief
@pe1604 You would not understand because you Elsies never can - we did not breed you for wits , but merely as servants.
I'll be completely Honest, at first, I was really sus of all the comments praising this video for just about every reason, and thought it was bots . . . but then I watched it and realized it was no exaggeration . . . then I get halfway through the video and they drop the fact that there's even MORE information in Canadian subtitles and now I'm on my 3rd rewatch of the video taking detailed notes. This video is an absolutely amazing piece of content, and has really helped me prepare for my SEM training.
The
@@ericatcahongkong6655 The indeed.
2:17 HE SAID IT, HE SAID THE THING
lol frrrrr same feeling here
What did he say ?
@@UmarFarooq-nl4eq "mitochondria is the powerhouse of the cell"
I don't understand
Mw too
As someone who works for Thermo Fisher and makes these incredible machines I'm really satisfied by your explanation of how it works.
Fun fact: 3 companies based in Brno city are responsible for almost 1/3 of global production of electron microscopes, that's why Brno is called "City of electron microscopy".
Thermo FSE's are always in our lab. The old fei software kinda sucks but the tools are by far my favorite SEM/FIB. We have a new JOEL coming next year and I can't wait for it!
@@randynewkirkii Not going to lie. The old green UI kind of has a special place in my heart. However having gotten used to the new UI I have to admit it is better.
I loved Brno! is the city that you can have plenty of fun and at the same time be a great engineer!
So how much do these microscopes cost? In the video, he says “multi-million dollar microscope “
@@haskam01 Microscopes that I work with cost 1,5-3 million USD. Cost depends on specific model and optional configuration that customer chooses.
2:18 mitochondria is the powerhouse of the cell
Hands down best channel on TH-cam
Better than cat videos?
This is sponsorship done beautifully! One of the only videos I've ever seen where the sponsor adds real value to the content, while also being completely relevant to the subject. Thank you to the video creators for choosing content value over money, and thank you to the sponsor for contributing to making this video so much more informative!
so true! this is how ads/sponsors should be put on video, not in intrusive way, but in creative way that they actually add value to video.
i got nothing bad to say about this video, this is how every youtuber should do things ... BUT sad side, look at views and subs ... barely 2 mil subs, while all those clown channels easily get over 50 mil, this is living PROOF that 90% of people are extremely dumb and rather follow some half-breaded clowns than educate themselves by watching this.
2:16 HE SAID IT! HE SAID THE THING!!
As a 3D artist I must appreciate the amount of work went into this video. Granted that sponsors were generous and shared rough 3D models.. still those models must be technical oriented (CAD exports that require a ton of cleanup)
Someone must have gone through the geometry clean-up, UVs and texturing to make them look accurate AND visually appealing.
Props to the Artists, narrator and rest of the production team 🙌🙌
Thanks!! Tho the cad models were stripped of pretty much interior detail. So we had to use public reference images to add the detail back in
Niesamowite co człowiek potrafi wymyśleć.
But the (human) work remains to be done here, namely to assess how much reality there is in these things. For as much as it seems to suggest the contrary, here we are still very much at the level of theory. And it is very dangerous not to be aware of that.
Always have to love a reference to the powerhouse of the cell.
I've been doing TEM for years and this is one of the best videos I've seen on the topic. The animations in particular are fantastic. Looking forward to the creator comments!
Glad it was helpful!
I don't know what is more incredible: How our World works, or human's ability to build machines to observe it.
I'm not the smartest man. The fact that anyone was able to not only conceive of the concept of an electron microscope -- but actually build one -- absolutely boggles my mind. Nothing short of magic to me, as far as I'm concerned.
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This is one of the best educational vidoe's ever. As someone who works with an EM, I loved the way you explained and depicted the process.
There are only handful of TH-cam channels I eagerly wait to put out new videos. Branch Education is definitely one of them. Quality content as always with something new to learn everytime.
Would love to know about the others aswell
Yeah, what are others? SerpaDesign is good. Journey to the Microcosmos was an amazing channel too, but they just recently uploaded their last video, sadly. 😢
This is one of the best channels on youtube. Thanks!!
Some of the most beautiful 3D animations I have ever seen. Thank you for showing the most wonderful aspects of how the Internet can be used!
Teşekkürler.
This is the best video I ever came across on TH-cam.
I love what you do here, using 3D visualizations to break down highly complex concepts into fairly easy to understand explanations. I'm glad Branch Education is continuing to pick up subscribers as folks notice that this stuff is actually pretty awesome. Keep up the great work!!
As for the electron microscopes themselves, I've always wondered how they worked. In some ways they are simpler than I expected, but the degree of precision remains astounding. Miracle of science research, right there.
Unbelievable to watch this quality content by just watching ads ❤️
it's not free it's an ad for Thermo Scientific ❤
I'm an outsider; an artist, but I have always been interested in the sciences and regularly watch videos and read articles on a wide range of sujects. This presentation impressed - and informed - me more than any source I have read or watched in recent months. High praise to the writers and 3d artists and of course, to the scientists and engineers who have, with their curiosity and tenacity, made this possible. A thousand thanks!....where to next?
The amount of research and hard work put into the research and 3D animations is simply astounding. Very clear and thorough explanation, guy! Keep up the amazing work!
amazing Thank you
This is a great video. Everything was so clear. Having grown up scientifically literate and deeply interested in nuclear and atomic physics, this video easily makes visible with animations where the research in this branch of science has taken us in our understanding of reality. This is awesome!
I plan on studying electrical engineering soon. Though I plan on getting into nuclear engineering shortly after. It would be a dream of mine to use that knowledge to create something to advance the understanding of reality.
This is great, wow. Excellent work!
Shout out to ThermoFisher for investing into making these impressive machines. 👏🏻
The videos created by Branch Education definitely wake up my inner child wishing I grew up watching them. I know the kids searching for these kinds of videos will carry with them the knowledge acquired to have an impact.
I hope your dreams will come true!
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Were you always interested in electronics as a child and tinker with them? I'm 20 years old and I too also plan to study electrical engineering but it's my first time testing out a kit and tinkering with stuff to learn more.
Your videos are always top tier. The attention to detail in the animation is amazing
th-cam.com/video/S_1F3ckwP-Q/w-d-xo.htmlsi=Yg7GZRuHhzEPwKwa
I'm very very happy you got such a lab equipment sponsor like Thermo Fischer. You guys really deserve it from such an amazing quality content!!
why am i watching how electron microscopes are working at 4 am in the morning? what is wrong with me?
🤔
I think you maybe the next einstein
Educational brain rot
😂😅😊 maybe u need a psychiatrist.... lol 😂... or get married 😊
Same
9:25 I've officially learned how aperture is used in photography. I knew the simple things about aperture and how it effect photos, but after seeing this visualization, I fully understand now. Heck even my entire perspective on how my eyes receive light has changed. Thank you.
Outstanding as always. This is likely my favourite channel on TH-cam. Never fail to deliver complex topics with incredible graphics and excellent descriptions.
I heard nothing except Mitochondria : powerhouse of the cell
😂😂😂
Haaa... kids
I came across your channel yesterday and I've been obsessed with your content. You have put an incredible amount of research, detail, storytelling and artistry into each one and have produced some of the greatest learning material i've ever seen. Bravo and thank you for putting something good into the world!
Please answer these questions I'm very curious to know further more......
1. Can wavelength still be shorten more in order to get more magnified image ?
2. If yes, then Can we see electrons/protons or further more quarks ?
3. Can quarks be used instead of electrons (may be in future)?
This was such an interesting watch! I did a lot of undergrad research on silver nano particles and used the SEM every week but didn't have a deep understanding of how they worked. Thank you!
As a shareholder in Thermo Fisher Scientific (TMO), it makes me so happy that they provide this sort of information to such an educational channel! Great content!
Another great video, from undoubtedly one of the best TH-cam channels, kudos to Thermo Fisher Scientific, for getting involved in this video, good to see such a large company cares enough to help you with this video, they have such a wide range of products and technologies that can help you with more future contents , for example you could do a video about spectrometers and hopefully Thermo Fisher Scientific will be there to assist you on that too.
Man how do people come up with these ideas to make stuff like this work. Amazing
The Beauty of this project should also highlight the core concept of this microscope is exactly the same as a light microscope. 😊
We are focusing a beam of energy that oscillates at a certain frequency. Rather than a glass lens used for light, we can use magnetic fields to focus the beam to a point.
It’s absolutely brilliant engineering, I love that we can use the same core concept at different scales.
@@drowningpenguin1588 such an essential fundamentals to keep in mind
it's accumulative contributation, each time a sceintist or an engineer answers a simple very simple unoticebale question they ask about some latest technologies they had at the time. the answer leads to other questions that would be answered by others till you get into a new thing completely different.
Ever heard of scientists or engineer?
Excellent video as always. I had a question regarding the TEM Microscope....as the electron beam is accelerated to such a high speed and is measuring such delicate and small objects, does the beam itself not move or "push" around the object being measured? Optical tweezers come to mind when thinking of the interaction of light "pushing" around super tiny samples.
Thank you for all these incredible videos...looking forward to more deep dives and indepth videos :)
Oh, trust me it does - but not exactly in the way you’d expect. For the most part, the beam hits the sample uniformly (from all directions) and is able to “pin down” the sample. Imagine a book standing up, and you push it on one side. It will topple. Now push it with the same force from the other side at the same time. It stays upright. Similar thing is happening.
However, insulating samples still love to move and can be problematic if not prepared properly (thinner samples have less of an issue with this, and an improperly focused beam can potentially push a sample around since the incoming electrons aren’t hitting all sides uniformly anymore). They can accumulate electrons and become negatively charged, then get pushed around by the negative beam. Beam damage is also very problematic. The sample can easily degrade in such an environment.
You also have SEMs and S/TEMs which also like to push and damage samples. These microscopes use a beam that “rasters” or sweeps across the sample one pixel at a time, which is inherently non uniform and can push/charge/break samples very very easily.
As a microscopist, this is the bane of my existence. I don't think electrons are able to produce the optical trapping force that you can get with lasers, but what's more likely is that it just pumps a bunch of energy into the sample and the atoms get kicked around as a result. Another thing that can happen is that it can polymerize organic species onto your sample either from surface species or from contamination from a previous user. So yes, the beam is always going to actively be interacting with your sample and actively participating in chemical/physical processes.
There are also external factors that can limit the ultimate resolution. Electromagnetic interference, physical and acoustic vibrations can wreak havoc on an image. I've installed more SEMs than I can remember. All of the best performers were the systems with the most stable environment.
Great video! I have two questions. 1. Why can't photons be used that have the same wavelenght like the electrons beeing used? So x-ray or even gamma radiaton? 2. Why is the material beeing looked at (proteins, gold Nanopartikels etc.) not beeing vaporized immediatly? Is the process of takeing the picture just faster than the probe is vaporized? So is it just a very short electron beam and the probe is still undamaged after taking the picture?
As someone who makes these microscopes at Thermo Fisher I can answer your questions.
1. It's because we are not able to emit such photons from the tip and manipulating electrons is easier than manipulating photons.
2. Specimen is cooled by liquid nitrogen and exposure time is very short. Specimen itself gets damaged pretty quickly, but we are able to capture enough data to reconstruct the image before specimen gets completely destroyed.
If you have more questions I will be more than happy to give you answers.
Thanks!
الكل يتسابق للتطور و تكنولوجيا لكن دنيا غدارة دايمن غدار من يفوز..تحية لناس بادية و صعيدين اجدع ناس أطيب ناس😊
I come to this channel whenever I need my faith in humanity to be restored.
As an experimental physicist, I think this educational video serves very well as an intro to the word of electron microscopy. Detailed and well presented. Thanks
When the world didnt expect Branch to return, he returned after 4 months
What you're doing here?
I didn't thought you're a man of intelligence
@@waelfadlallah8939 he is everywhere
16:25 "thermo fisher isnt sponsorimg this video to pursuade you to buy a multimillion dollar microscope, but rather they want you to invest in humanity by contributing knowledge in a career at their company"
This is the most unique sponsor message ive ever seen. Bravo thermo fisher 👏
Normally sponsors dont sponsor videos to advertise their career page, this is so incredible!
This is how you explain anything. So smoothly with perfect animations, just wow! If you like learning, this will make you happy.
What an amazingly extreme engineering triumph. I'm curious as to whether current microscopes are limited by engineering obstacles or economic obstacles. If we had unlimited money how much higher could the resolution be with our current tools and knowledge?
As someone who makes these machines at Thermo Fisher I can tell you, that with our current technology it can't get much better than what we have now even with unlimited money.
There is one company in Netherlands that makes even bigger microscopes than Thermo Fisher. Production of one of these microscopes takes about a year and it can see and manipulate individual atoms, but there is a lot of conditions you need to meet. For example you need to have rock solid building for it, because even a smallest vibration can completely ruin your image and second big problem is electro-magnetic interference. When using +2M magnification even the literal orientation of the microscope relative to earths EM field can cause distortion of the image.
@@JMPoly😮
@@JMPoly thank you, I'm humbled that you took the time to respond to my curiosity and amazed at your skill in making these machines at the limits of our technology. Have a great week further friend.
@@hexramdass2644 You are welcome.
I'm really passionate about my job and I'm happy to share some intersting information.
@@JMPolyCurious question, but with unlimited money, could we put an electron microscope in space and would it perform better due to not having the earth's EM field/vibrations to worry about?
Its discoverer, J.J. Thomson, said, "The Electron... May It Never Be of Use to Anybody". We have measured the electron's mass, its charge, its spin, and its effects upon many other particles. But The electron's size has never, ever been measured; it may even be infinitesimally small. And it has never been directly observed. Never. Ever. In over a century. How do ya like them apples?
Got a link for that quote? Electron size is measured in electron scattering….and it’s a least smaller than the highest energy beams of 200 GeV…. Which is like an attometer. But there’s probably better measurements at the pdg dot gov.
Taking pictures of atoms with atoms, this is crazy
Electrons aren’t atoms
@@obamatxk thats why i said atoms and not electrons
@@obamatxkBut an electron microscope is surely made of atoms😊
One of the best video's I've ever seen. Incredible graphics, very educational and such an entertaining voice. Chapeau
Amazed by the brilliant scientific ideas that have been put to construct this marvel and big thanks to the content creator for making such a lucid and interesting video .
Imagine how much more complex and revolutionary devices we could have if we spent as much on science as we do on military.
I echo the sentiment and understand your point, but I think many of cutting edge technology has its origins in the need of military. It's rather sad but without demands of military, many (not all) scientific projects would go much slower, or wouldn't take off/get funded at all.
I think that even proto-internet started of as a communication system between various military bases or locations.
@@jaromir_kovar The majority of military-related inventions had been made possible in no small part precisely due to the vast funding allocated to the military, which is simply not available to ordinary scientists.
@@456dave7 at the end of the day things that are incredibly useful to mankind tend to be extremely useful at destroying mankind to. There aren't many that don't overlap, innovations that keep a army healthy and supplied also do the same for civilians.
Without having a military to defend the conditions that allow these devices to be created they wouldn't exist in the first place. Getting rid of militaries and just hoping everyone in the world pinky promises to not attack you is naive in the extreme.
@@Ergzay Where did I advocate getting rid of militaries in my comment?
whoever understands this is crazy af and I respect you greatly
TF engineers are approaching mother nature 👍👍👍
I am an A+ Certified, MCSE, and that was AWESOME. Thank you SO much for taking the time to post this video. 😀
I think it's funny that there are so many complex parts to an electron microscope that at 15:27 they are simply referred to as 'mechanisms'.
A very detailed and through explanation of the technologies behind TEM & SEM.
Now I understand it a lot better.
Thank you for your effort.
OMG! What a fantastic surprise coming across this channel! I have been practicing and teaching physics and chemistry for over 50 years and have never come across animations and explanations so clear.
I can see myself binge watching for a long time. Thank so very very much!
This video is the best ad for thermo fisher. I’ll never forget the name.
Is the most complete video ever seen about Electron microscope is fascinating ,really here you won a new follower
The amount of expertise that goes into every single segment of these microscopes is just earth shattering.
This video has an incredible amount of information. Wow thank you so much.!
@brancheducation that butterfly wing is not at all entirely foreign to anything we manufacture. It looks identical to a radiator
It's astounding just how much we have advanced technology. Amazing just how smart some people are to create these amazing machines
Kudos to the sponsors, first time I've seen support on the basis of sharing career options rather than focus on products. 🎉
Fascinating.. you guys turn incredibly complicated subjects and make them understandable and that's amazing. It drives people's interests into sciences and explores the worlds in a whole different way. Good Job !
now this is a high quality production that's not only very informative but also very well presented
It is a great pleasure to have come across your content. This is amazing to have landed on your channel, please. May you be rewarded for your benevolence to share your wisdom and insights with the vulnerable world.
The fact that somebody thought this can be done and created our is just fascinating,
Same thing with the complex physics in mri machines
This Education channel should be educated /shown to every student of SUNDAY SCHOOLS.
Good job humanity you managed to reach another great achievement although it may feel like we’re still in the 90s this era is peaking into the future. What a time to be alive. By the time I’m old I hope to see robots living side by side with us in harmony and space travel. So exciting
Easily comprehensible and beautifully annimated, I feel like I could build one of these given the correct manufacturing facilities, thankyou.
Thanks for the Incredible work guys I really appreciate that !! Thermoficher did an incredible work too by creating these Engineering masterpieces !!! I wish you could have more of these videos.
Another great video. Nice work Branch crew!
One thing that never ceases to amaze me is that when you demagnify an SEM to it's lowest available mag and you image something that is visible with the naked eye. This is going to be around 15x to 60x. The thought that I'm literally using a 30 kV particle accelerator to use electrons to look at something that I can see with my own eyes never ceases to blow my mind.
5:28 just love the way the video demonstrates diffraction ❤❤❤❤❤❤❤
The best SEM and TEM explanation I have seen in the internet.
I worked in the semiconductor industry in an engineering department. This job consisted of controlling the process of etching on silicon wafers. We would submit samples to the SEM operator and then use the pictures to measure the width, angles and depth of the etched materials. I was always fascinated with the ability of the SEM to produce these pictures. This video clearly explains how these tools work. Thank you.
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I am glad to be a patreon here. It makes learning so much easier to understand and mostly visualize.
If somehow the modern civilization were to be destroyed, I hope videos like this would inspire the new survived generation to rebuild civilization, they'd know how amazing our science and tech were before that era. Good job guys! I wish I could sponsor this channel.
Wow, i just came across this channel. This video just makes me think of the amazing things we can create if we just collaborated and focused on problem solving. What an amazing piece of tech!
Also, i usually skip the sponsored section of videos but I must give credit to Thermo Fisher for sharing this knowledge, not for the prospect of selling but to empower scientists and engineers to explore, discover and solve human problems.
Nice.. Thermo Fisher helping to drag us from the cave to our true potential..👍🙏
Im 60. My mother bought us a microscope when i was 5. We lived on a farm that had a pond. Pond water, yea, pond water opened my eyes to microscopy.
The tiny world is in and of itself an amazing place. I now have a 14000 power emulsion microscope and can now see worlds i kinda figured were there the whole time.
Turn a kid onto microscopy.....
Please.
I asked a few teachers and professors, but no one could explain it like this crazy, detailed video. Thank you
The fact that we’re able to directly observe atoms is wild.
I unliked this ....
...just so I could like it again! Absolutely amazing, one of your best yet! Keep them coming 🤙
Rather than just use technical jargon to explain something, this video demonstrate graphical video to demonstrate how something works to the audience or viewer's, bravo 👏👏👏👍.
This channel hidden gem ❤❤ gave more useful info every video in this channel worthy to watch 🎉🎉🎉🎉🎉
Mitochondria- The powerhouse of the cell.
Thank you, Chubbyemu for sharing your knowledge.
One of the best, if not the best, short videos I've seen. Thank you very much
High quality educational content for everyone who wants to learn. Thank you for this superb channel! Congratulations for the sponsors too who believe in the goal of this channel!
ThermoFisher was definitely the coolest place I've ever worked at
Wonderful explanation of Electron microscope ! 👌👌
This channel has been growing on me and it's already amongst the favourites! Amazing!