Archaeogenetic Research at Rakhigarhi and Its Implications on Indian History By Prof. Vasant Shinde
ฝัง
- เผยแพร่เมื่อ 7 ก.พ. 2025
- Explore the intersection of science and historical research through archaeogenetics, a pivotal study in understanding both prehistoric and historical phases of human evolution. In particular, the Harappan civilization, where we see a huge leap in multifaceted human evolution but are challenged in getting a clearer picture as the script has not been deciphered, the archaeogenetic studies have made a significant contribution. Discover the groundbreaking DNA analysis at Rakhigarhi, Haryana, and its implications on Indian history from the maestro himself.
Prof. Vasant Shinde, a CSIR Bhatnagar Fellow at CSIR-CCMB, Hyderabad, leads this talk with his path-breaking approach in archaeogenetics. His work at Rakhigarhi has placed Indian archaeology on the global map, showcasing the significance of DNA analysis in unravelling the mysteries of the Harappan Civilization.
Follow Pleach India on Social Media:
Instagram:
/ pleachindiafoundation
Facebook:
/ pleachindiafoundation
Twitter :
/ pleach_india
Linkedin:
/ pleach-india-foundation
Great research sir..... but I have a doubt that why the script of harappans has not been deciphered and what about the urbanization that harappans have why rig vedic people never made that level of urbanization?
These are two doubts please clear it as soon as possible
What is Nilotithic?
seems like new discoveries in genetics are getting published soon, Just finish this Aryan invasion theory and promote Indians migrating outside India theory...With proof...Which some Aryan invasion theorists failed to show.
We'll have to make peace with the fact that the truth will be in the middle and nuanced. Although, I'll be happy if out of India theory is proven correct.
@@TheRealCaelestium
1.As for IVC, a steppe route is simply lunacy due to absence of any archaeological evidence over the past 100 years for steppe migration in 2000-1000bce. You cant bully people into believing a theory which posits that the most populous region of the world
( population of ivc India was was more than 5 million which is more than Egypt, Mesopotamia and china combined, yes we've always been most populous region lmao ig ? ) at the time changed language and culture without showing a single material object in the archaeological record.
2.There was no archaeological discontinuity, you should read possehl, kenoyer, Schaffer, Mughal (the researcher Mughal not the timurids by the way actual Mughals never called themselves Mughals infact they hated the word mongol or Mughal , as per babur in his autobiography he says he identify as timurid than barbarian Mughals , as of now they are called mughals because of British they reffered them as mogul which was then continued by Indian historians than correcting it ) on the topic of late Harappan period. Cemetery H culture exists after mature IVC on the Indus, with sites at Harappa. No presence of BMAC, steppe, bishkent-vaksh or Yaz material is seen there in the archaeological record.
2.There was no archaeological discontinuity, you should read possehl, kenoyer, Schaffer, Mughal on the topic of late Harappan period. Cemetery H culture exists after mature IVC on the Indus, with sites at Harappa. No presence of BMAC, steppe, bishkent-vaksh or Yaz material is seen there in the archaeological record.
3. This is from latest paper of heggarty et al 2023
He says - "Steppe ancestry has got nothing to with Indo-Iranian should pretty much be the consensus moving forward."
Yup. And that is what is causing so much heartburn in elite distorians of India ,America and Indo-European sub too . At least to my knowledge, this is the very first time a major group of mainstream (whatever that means) scholars have used a recognized journal to point at the elephant in the room.
"From Iran to India, Steppe ancestry is present only in low proportions, and only from a relatively late date, с. 3500 ВР . This is significantly later than standard expositions of the Steppe hypothesis have proposed, associating Indo-Iranic with the earlier Bactria-Margiana Archaeological Complex (BMAC) culture."
4. Now talking about R1a
what is this obsession with R1a and Indo-Iranians? Surely a few Ria markers cannot signify a sudden change in language, it has to be associated with a significant influx of external autosomal ancestry which is nowhere to be seen in Iron age NW Iran or later. Kivisild et al 2003 , show the presence of R1a in 26% of Chenchu males, a Dravidian tribe found in South India. R1a1 is found in all castes of Dravidian-speaking Tamil Nadu and Andhra Pradesh states in South India , irrespective of 'caste hierarchy. So how can the authors simply and lazily assume the presence of R1a = language change to Indo-Iranian?
R1a proportion in Iranians is also low, as compared to 80% R1b at Hasanlu. Grugni et al 2012 found 14.4% R1a+ among 938 Iranian subjects from 15 ethnic groups, ranging from 0% 25% across groups. Lopez et al, 2017 found 10.5% R1a in non-Zoroastrian Iranians, 5.7% in Indian lay Parsis, 0% in Indian Parsi priests, 5.3% in Iranian lay Zoroastrians, and 12.5% in Iranian Zoroastrian priests.
Ok, so 80% R1b did not bring about Iranian languages till 600BCE (the youngest Hasanlu sample date) as per the authors. Why did the authors throw the available archaeological and literary data when some of it clearly suggests that Hasanlu and Dinkha Tepe were already Iranian by this time, to then just rely on Ria as the marker of Indo-Iranian languages? Is this really scientific? It sure seems extremely dogmatic and unscientific.
5.
40% steppe ancestry and almost 100% steppe male markers could not change the language of the Basque people in Iberia, how can one be sure an average 15-20% steppe ancestry can do that job without leaving major traces (through large substrate effect) of the native languages in a vast region like the Indian subcontinent?
6.
As Per Shaffer and Lichtenstein (migration, Philology & south Asian Archaeology).
In East Punjab (Indian states of Punjab, north Haryana, Delhi west UP) there is a 300% increase in number of settlements in Late Harappan (1900-1400BE) from mature harappan (2400-1900BCE).
In Central Haryana - Between Mature Harappan and late Harappan, there is a 98% increase in the number of settlements.
Sindh 89% decrease, no new settlements
Cholistan - 43% decline by Late Harappan
Gujarat - 30% increase in number of settlements.
The only decrease is in Cholistan desert and Sindh due to lack of water, but no new settlements of outsiders are seen. Late Harappan has nothing to do with BMAC or Andronovo or any culture even remotely related to steppe. This internal movement to the East (towards Yamuna) and towards Gujarat is the only west-to-east movement seen in 2nd mill bce archaeology and it corresonds to the west-to east shift seen in the Rig Veda geography.
background music is too loud
These Aryan were fish eating Brahmins who mixed with the aboriginal Indus Valley culture the make up of modern day India there is no out of India theory
You dint get the point of the video.. there is nothing called aryans
What do you have against influences or genes from outside India? Human beings have migrated and mated with other kinds of people ever since our first common human ancestors left Africa more than 50,000 years ago. And if you go back to the first mammals, all primates (including human beings) evolved from a bushy tailed lemur like animal about 55 million years ago.
What's so special about Brahmans? They could never have survived historically without the other castes making donations and grants to them in exchange for ritual services or celebrating their glory if they were kings. The land-owners were mostly for most of India's history other castes, not Brahmans. The Mauryas were supposedly Shudras. The kings of Vijayanagar in the south were not Brahmans.
@@HariPrasad-uy9djbrahmins imposed this caste system. They created untouchability and other crazy practises
@@Divine_wave23 is that what your communist teacher taught you
12:00
Why you don't compare with Dravidian gene . They are close relationship with Dravidian people
They are close with all Indians. Dravidian is not a seperate ethnicity or race .genetics are same only diverse langauges .I myself telugu and my DNA matches with a rajasthani
Enough with this obsession of trying to create a separate identity given to you by white westerners funny how Indians believe and follow their former colonisers more than their fellow Indians
This guy knows how to avoid the Dravidian history deliberately. Twisting the facts from other Archeologists he never mentioned the Tamil Gene match vs Harappan one from the research. Another Agenda to dull the history.
Are u on drugs Harappan gene is in every population of india be it north be it south but it's quantity is more found in North Indian gene and we know why because north indians especially from haryana Punjab Rajasthan Gujarat are the closest descended of Harappan people where as other are Harappan mix with local tribes of that area ... And don't forget that indus was multiethnical society people from north South from Iran from Syria from turkey also used to live there it's genetically proven .. and gene we have today are mostly from Harappan I checked my ancestry it's 100% from Harappan ancestray .. so saying only south indians are real Harappan is totally bullshit.. we all are descendent of them some purely some with mixer of them with other
The inhabitants of Rakhigarhi are AASI.genetic profile.
The pottery would be black and red.
The photographic image produced here to represent IVC inhabitants appear similar to a jat male and female who are Steppe dna RORa and JAT The earlier report confirms absence of Steppe ancestry in the 4500year old Rakhigarhi womans dna analysis.
So ii looks like the narrative is changing course.
The painted grey ware, being refered to is from the later Vedic civilization which appears in the first century AD.
You know more than archaeologists and geneticists?
How dumb you want to be? She was a woman so she did not have y chromosome. 🤦🏻 Instead of watching random politically motivated videos on youtube read the research papers of these geneticists.
No dumb
AASI mixture probably Came from South.
How about hypothesizing to describe "Aryan" as those "Harapaan" who moved towards Ganges after "Harappan" civilization slowly died out ? As the Vedas refers to the vast civilization in and around Sarsawati and "Harapaan" is also around it. Timeline also seems to fit if Vedas are thought to be around 1500 BC onwards....
The DNA of Rakhigari women was ASI. Modern days people in north india has the Steppe gene. How is it possible if there is no Aryan invasion or migration subsequently?
Because she was a woman and she did not have y chromosome. Get educated please.
@@mridulamishra9737 You mean a lady can not have steppe genetic ancestry ?
@@tsMuthuraman-hm6wg oh muthuraman 😂 we meet again.
How wonderful it is to know that my dear friend, muthuraman just came to know that women have XX chromosomes! ☺️❤️
R1a1 gene that you might be talking about is found only in men. Why? Because it is Y chromosome gene.
So why did that woman lack r1a1? Because she is WOMAN.
Also I believe your knowledge is based on what you see in news.🙈
There is no conclusion of where r1a1 originated. It was initially, proposed that it might have origins in the steppe regions. However, archaeologists and geneticists like mark haber, leo klejn, barry cunliffe, etc. have already rejected this proposal. Why?
Because the yamnaya and steppe remains show absence of r1a1. 🤠
Next proposed origin is in south asia. Published in one of the top genetic journals, Nature, titled, "The Indian origin of paternal haplogroup r1a1 substantiates the autochthonous origins of caste system." This paper theorizes the existence of R1a in India beyond 18,000 years to possibly 44,000 years in origin with the oldest tmrca datings found in saharia tribe of Bundelkhand. (SC)
The paper busts various myths. It also establishes that r1a1 has very high concentrations in south, Andhra region to be precise (not in north as commonly believed).
After this research paper has dropped, one can find only ad hominem arguments refuting it. No real facts or arguments to counter it.
I also see no reason why you, my friend, should not believe this newspaper. Because the authors of this paper are the ones who had published the rakhigarhi paper. 😂
Btw have you read the rakhigarhi paper? I guess no. The woman also had some iranian genes. How should one interpret it?
That steppe pastoralist nonsense 😑idk how people believed in it in the first place.
Has anyone been able to find the Indian desi cows in the steppe regions? If yes, then they are next in line for the noble prize.
Also how does genes tell you what language people spoke? The tallest proponent of aryan theory, witzel, who is discredited by most scholars for his useless attempts to keep this hypothesis alive had to also accept that aryan hypothesis is purely linguistic and there is nothing genetic or racial about it.
@@tsMuthuraman-hm6wg oh muthuraman 😂 we meet again.
How wonderful it is to know that my dear friend, muthuraman just came to know that women have XX chromosomes! ☺️❤️
R1a1 gene that you might be talking about is found only in men. Why? Because it is Y chromosome gene.
So why did that woman lack r1a1? Because she is WOMAN.
Also I believe your knowledge is based on what you see in news.🙈
There is no conclusion of where r1a1 originated. It was initially, proposed that it might have origins in the steppe regions. However, archaeologists and geneticists like mark haber, leo klejn, barry cunliffe, etc. have already rejected this proposal. Why?
Because the yamnaya and steppe remains show absence of r1a1. 🤠
Next proposed origin is in south asia. Published in one of the top genetic journals, Nature, titled, "The Indian origin of paternal haplogroup r1a1 substantiates the autochthonous origins of caste system." This paper theorizes the existence of R1a in India beyond 18,000 years to possibly 44,000 years in origin with the oldest tmrca datings found in saharia tribe of Bundelkhand. (SC)
The paper busts various myths. It also establishes that r1a1 has very high concentrations in south, Andhra region to be precise (not in north as commonly believed).
After this research paper has dropped, one can find only ad hominem arguments refuting it. No real facts or arguments to counter it.
I also see no reason why you, my friend, should not believe this newspaper. Because the authors of this paper are the ones who had published the rakhigarhi paper. 😂
Btw have you read the rakhigarhi paper? I guess no. The woman also had some iranian genes. How should one interpret it?
That steppe pastoralist nonsense 😑idk how people believed in it in the first place.
Has anyone been able to find the Indian desi cows in the steppe regions? If yes, then they are next in line for the noble prize.
Also how does genes tell you what language people spoke? The tallest proponent of aryan theory, witzel, who is discredited by most scholars for his useless attempts to keep this hypothesis alive had to also accept that aryan hypothesis is purely linguistic and there is nothing genetic or racial about it.
@@tsMuthuraman-hm6wg oh muthuraman 😂 we meet again.
How wonderful it is to know that my dear friend, muthuraman just came to know that women have XX chromosomes! ☺️❤️
R1a1 gene that you might be talking about is found only in men. Why? Because it is Y chromosome gene.
So why did that woman lack r1a1? Because she is WOMAN.
Also I believe your knowledge is based on what you see in news.🙈
There is no conclusion of where r1a1 originated. It was initially, proposed that it might have origins in the steppe regions. However, archaeologists and geneticists like mark haber, leo klejn, barry cunliffe, etc. have already rejected this proposal. Why?
Because the yamnaya and steppe remains show absence of r1a1. 🤠
Next proposed origin is in south asia. Published in one of the top genetic journals, Nature, titled, "The Indian origin of paternal haplogroup r1a1 substantiates the autochthonous origins of caste system." This paper theorizes the existence of R1a in India beyond 18,000 years to possibly 44,000 years in origin with the oldest tmrca datings found in saharia tribe of Bundelkhand. (SC)
The paper busts various myths. It also establishes that r1a1 has very high concentrations in south, Andhra region to be precise (not in north as commonly believed).
After this research paper has dropped, one can find only ad hominem arguments refuting it. No real facts or arguments to counter it.
I also see no reason why you, my friend, should not believe this newspaper. Because the authors of this paper are the ones who had published the rakhigarhi paper. 😂
Btw have you read the rakhigarhi paper? I guess no. The woman also had some iranian genes. How should one interpret it?
That steppe pastoralist nonsense 😑idk how people believed in it in the first place.
Has anyone been able to find the Indian desi cows in the steppe regions? If yes, then they are next in line for the noble prize.
Also how does genes tell you what language people spoke? The tallest proponent of aryan theory, witzel, who is discredited by most scholars for his useless attempts to keep this hypothesis alive had to also accept that aryan hypothesis is purely linguistic and there is nothing genetic or racial about it.
The images produced here of the male Harappan, looks like Druv Rathee the popular U tuber who is a present day haryanvi ( Rors or a Jat )
There can be no continuity,as the IVC was from. 2600bc to 1900bc. The Vedic Aryan culture begins in 100AD first century bc that is 2000 years after the IVC ended.
Trying to associate the very real IVC with the non existent mythical Saraswati
River that appears in the first century. AD is a misleading and futile exercise. It doesn't fit any which way
Haryanvi mixed with steppe . But still dominant DNA is harrapan
Does anyone got Aryan swords or bodies or artifacts in any Indian sites
No
What is Aryan sword? Lol
@@TropicOfCancer1998 Abe akal ke andhe, Aryan invasion theory says Aryan were the one who brought iron sword and introduced iron, first have you read and understand anything before commenting. Najaiz avlad
What's the timeline here?
Yes in sinauli we find chariots and swords of Aryan which proves Mahabharata war was real and not mythology
thus in fact the indian population was a different race . only later it got mixed with steppe ancestry and others
😂Lol. India's sinauli site have oldest proof of J2, H, R1a M17 Z93 M20 before Eurasian reached in india. And bhimbetaka is between 10000BCE-100,000BCE old site which is declared a world heritage by UNESCO, this site cave have proof of oldest F , H ,L , R1a, R2 , O Genetics proof around 10000BCE to 30000BCE. Genetics is not base of Aryan migration myth, cultural & linguistics similarities is based of these myth. But bhimbetaka is paleolithic site which have more than 10000 rock art painting, which shows that Indian human used to ride Horse elephant like animals, and used to dance music and used to worship animal-human mix god, bird deer horse elephent is painted on rock. Swasthika was already in Indian subcontinent before Aryan came, Pashupatinath mahadev seel and hawan , shiva lingam is founded in harrapan civilisation. Go & search it. We are having to solve these myth because India and it's culture is very diverse & complex. Vedic Sanskrit originated in India because it mentioned bharat as aryavart. There was a connection between India, Iran, Egypt, central asia, it is reality but connection similarities is not called migration.
Centrilism of Europe ( which want to prove that Europe were superior and want to whitewash their crime with help of Indo-Iranian culture)
Hatred towards Hindus ( they don't hate india, they hate hindu because if Hindu got proved ancient culture of World then Abrahamic religion is going to destroy)
Lack of evidence & complex culture:- we don't have a large migration genetics proof between central asia & south Asia, And India's diverse civilization but with a same ideology of nature worshipping and animal hunting & worshiping. So need a large amount of evidence for proving india a origin of ancient culture of World
Pl. Refer Anupriyas ,
'Caste no bar' article in Nature. 19 ,april 23 and on Google from this we conclude that the ÀNI population was prevalent all over north India since the arrival of the Nomadic Steppe pastoralist (non brahmin cattle herders) who soon mixed with the native AASI hunter gatherers and became the ANI population. (ancestral North Indian)
The AASI and the Steppe had transformed and ceased to exist independently since 1500bc The ANI succeeded as the the Steppe and the AASI ancestry in north India until 100AD. When Endogamy and the Varna system were enforced by the newly arrived Vedic Aryan Culture, to prevent mixing with the freely and extensively mixing 'Caste no bar' ANI population
The ANI regressed into their own occupation and community. The beginning of the Varna/jati
Please note the original genetic profile of pan India population was AASI...
So the Vedic Aryan Culture begins in first century AD or 100 AD
So finally HINDU gods naration That people sprang from brahma
HEAD SHOULDERS THIGHS FEET is wrong…??
@@MGqueek it's not meant to be taken literally lol Besides, it explains the functions of each varna. You can't progress without your thighs and feet, can't interact without your arms and cannot think without a head. You're the reason why our country's IQ is so low. Single handedly dropping the scores pan-India. Biblical myths and Islamic myths sound creative, divine and realistic to you fools too, so there's nothing more i can add.