ฝัง
- เผยแพร่เมื่อ 3 เม.ย. 2016
- Viewers like you help make PBS (Thank you 😃) . Support your local PBS Member Station here: to.pbs.org/PBSDSDonate
Epigenetic inheritance is really weird, but is it real?
Tweet this ⇒ bit.ly/OKTBSepi Share on FB ⇒ bit.ly/OKTBSepiFB
↓ More info and sources below ↓
Crash Course Physics with Dr. Shini Somara: / crashcourse
Want more on epigenetic inheritance? Start here:
Univ. of Utah’s Learn Genetics: learn.genetics.utah.edu/conten...
Virginia Hughes - “Epigenetics: The Sins of the Father” www.nature.com/news/epigenetic...
Dig deeper:
Szyf, Moshe. "Nongenetic inheritance and transgenerational epigenetics."Trends in molecular medicine 21.2 (2015): 134-144.
Sharma, Abhay. "Transgenerational epigenetic inheritance requires a much deeper analysis." Trends in molecular medicine 21.5 (2015): 269-270.
Heard, Edith, and Robert A. Martienssen. "Transgenerational epigenetic inheritance: myths and mechanisms." Cell 157.1 (2014): 95-109.
Rando, Oliver J. "Daddy issues: paternal effects on phenotype." Cell 151.4 (2012): 702-708.
Jablonka, Eva, and Gal Raz. "Transgenerational epigenetic inheritance: prevalence, mechanisms, and implications for the study of heredity and evolution." The Quarterly review of biology 84.2 (2009): 131-176.
Heijmans, Bastiaan T., et al. "Persistent epigenetic differences associated with prenatal exposure to famine in humans." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 105.44 (2008): 17046-17049.
Pembrey, Marcus, et al. "Human transgenerational responses to early-life experience: potential impact on development, health and biomedical research." Journal of medical genetics (2014): jmedgenet-2014.
Have an idea for an episode or an amazing science question you want answered? Leave a comment or check us out at the links below!
Like us on Facebook: / itsokaytobesmart
Follow on Twitter: / okaytobesmart
/ jtotheizzoe
Follow on Tumblr: www.itsokaytobesmart.com
Follow on Instagram: / jtotheizzoe
Follow on Snapchat: YoDrJoe
-----------------
It’s Okay To Be Smart is written and hosted by Joe Hanson, Ph.D.
Follow me on Twitter: @jtotheizzoe
Produced by PBS Digital Studios: / pbsdigitalstudios
Music via APM
Stock images from Shutterstock www.shutterstock.com
Stock footage from Videoblocks (unless otherwise noted) www.videoblocks.com
that parent child grandchild image just blew my mind.
The eggs that will one day become my future kids were with me when I was an embryo, so all three generations are present in at least a partial form.
So true
+RainAngel111 My Grandma was partially pregnant of me... that's deep. I'm gonna go light another one.
This makes me wonder...
i whouldnt say that
its more like:
"when my grandmother was cooking my mother i was inside her too"
since you are a collection of your mom cells that where in there
Well said.. Really creation of life is amazing
For 20 years I didn't know my birth father who left before I was born. Last year I finally found him and we were both surprised to find that we were similar in beliefs, personalities, even likes and dislikes even though my mother differed from us in many of these and hadn't told me much about him growing up
Because you inherited more genes from your farther, or you are male.
@@XOPOIIIOi indeed had inherited more genes from my Father
@@XOPOIIIO ffs thats not how inheritance works. you inherit exactly 50% of your genes form your father and 50% from your mother. becouse sperms and egs ahve bnoth exactly halfe the gene coutn humans have.
Does this mean that what I had for breakfast today will determine my children's destiny? I'm not sure, but I do know that epigenetic inheritance is equal parts controversial and interesting.
Sure, it's got more questions than answers, but that just means we have a lot more to learn about it. Get to it, scientists of tomorrow!
I'm sad because I got dumped by my girfriend, but I have It's Okay to be Smart! Become smarter is a great way to get happier. Thanks! Love your videos
its kind of unfair :3
+It's Okay To Be Smart
Yay you finally covered it after i requested it 2 yrs ago
me very happy
+It's Okay To Be Smart indeed
TheGrace020
lol sigh a common unicode transcription glitch
Humans: "we'll figure out nature!"
Nature: "lol, nope."
Hello great comment …
That part where they say we were once inside our maternal grandmas. Really shows how how we treat people might have consequences, not only now but in generations in the future... even amongst kids we might never get a chance to meet. So interesting.
What is sad from my P.O.V. is that everyday any of us venture from the safety of our house into public we witness how many humans treat others with so much disdaining entitlement. That's not a route to knowing peace. It's so heartbreaking.
I absolutely love this channel! You guys always give us something to think about critically. Thank you!
IT´S NOT OK TO BE SMART, IT´S GREAT TO BE SMART!
Yeah k
It's not ok to type in all caps.
Cam down 😰
Now this is some fascinating information. I am studying biology and this sort of thing is amazing. So complex, yet so articulate and beautiful.
So did my parents set me up for being fat
Muh genetics
omegadan may be
My mom burnt almons her entire body with hot water when she was little. All that's left are some scars on her right arm. Later I was born with the exact same scars, but instead of those scars i have red birthmarks.
We had this topic in our biology class recently...really interesting and it brings up some ethical questions.
+SEEKER yeah true.
so what the parent experiences or put themselves through, of good and bad, sort of affects their offspring.
is this what you mean
Jalil Popalzai Yeah, i think it puts up the question if a person who wants a child has a duty for it, years before it is born, and therefore has to live really healthy and stuff like that.
Awesome video as ever, Dr. Hanson.
I see you have a reference to Jablonka's work. It's well worth reading her book 'Evolution in Four Dimensions', which explores the interesting interactions and interrelations between genetic, epigenetic, behavioral and symbolic inheritance systems.
I am studying engineering but i love biology too....and you make it even more interesting
Speaking of which, we did a test on this LITERALLY today! Great timing.
My new favorite channel
Oh yes! THANK YOU! More of this please 💜
this needs more puns
I love ur videos man.. Keep up your good work...!!
Great video, Joe, made me think of Agrobacterium and the way they can share plasmids between individuals through bacterial conjugation. Could humans take this biological mechanism and make it somewhat of a human conjugation or is that just a cool plot for a science fiction movie? It would render hereditary traits obsolete, as we could just take some DNA from a fellow human with the desired trait, make a copy using enzymes and then implement it into our own code.
great episode
I read about this somewhere else too. The evidence for epigenetics is strong. And it's scary. Staying healthy for men during conception has never been thought of as a problem but it could be that a man or woman smoking during conception could be as harmful as women smoking during pregnancy. Imagine that
I totally believe in the validity of this.
I have two dogs, a beagle/ German shepherd and a Sheltie.
The Sheltie lived with just an old lady for half of his life, so he's very withdraw and very dependent on "the alpha female",-- that's his personality as a result of environmental factors. But despite this personality, despite being so sheltered for so long, he instinctively knows how to herd. 100% serious! Whenever my mom would leave, he would get aggressive and try to push her back inside, despite being so submissive and shy.
The other dog doesn't do that. She's friendly and outgoing. And she hunts. We never taught her, never encouraged her, but she hunts stuff AND gives it to us as presents. I'm not saying epigenetics explains ALL of this, but it certainly makes it a lot more easy to explain.
How do they breed dogs that love to fetch a ball? Retrievers ? DNA can alter not just looks and health, but behaviors...? I think this is how migration and other animal behaviors are passed on.
I suppose this means that there are always new things that our science know little or nothing about.
I really recommend the book Epigenetics, Richard Fracis.
My dad got into a car accident before I was born that dented his skull. I was born with the exact same dent in the exact same spot. I always wondered if it was somehow passed on to me genetically.
+Wade Wilson That's pushing it. You did not inherit that from your dad.
It's Okay To Be Smart Probably not, but there are studies out there that say physical trauma may alter your DNA. If not it's a strange coincidence.
thegamingbroz 11 Not if I was born that way. It isn't a injury.
With all the respect I can muster, as swedes, thanks for giving me and my friend the laugh of the day. You rule!
You deserve a heart
I inherited my parents ability to copy fantastic TH-cam comments! :)
TH-cam was invented in 2007 idiot think they had youtube in 1990?
Synon-Anon (The Synonymous Anonymous) it was made in 2005 idiot
@@coolman44557 uhm may I introduce you into a cool trick called comedy?
@@coolman44557 r/woooooosh
nice video :D, also nice new channel art
Do a video on tachyon particles
You should do a research about centrosomes, maybe you could find some answers, about consciousness too.
plz make a show on cosmic holes joe...
I just like how you pronounced Överkalix.
Thanks
For some reason I am very afraid of Eye Injuries. I've never had any experience like this, but I have a lot of fear and aversion to this type of wound. I feel anxious and nervous whenever I think about it. I can't process or imagine an Eye Wound, it's almost like a Phobia for me.
My father and grandfather also had this fear, none of them had an injured eye. It's so strange.
Epigenetics? More like EPIC genetics!
This gonna be a good one
called it
So, huh, my mother having felt sick from the smell of fish in the early stages of her pregnancy might have activated gene flags in my developing embryo resulting in my lifelong fish intolerance? My body treats it as if it were poison (i.e.: immediate expulsion, no questions asked), so that could be due to misled exposure by proxy which resulted into my genes activating to identify it as poison?
Much of who we are is defined not just by genes or environment, but also by the composition of bacteria in our guts.
I also have this, but with Cheese
So what about heavy tobacco use or warts?
I like your hair style:)
Never realised this was something that was that new
Maybe my life events wouldn't cause my great-grandchildren anything directly, but if it causes a pretty decent effect in MY kids and then it amplifies the nascent effects in my grandkids from me, which would pass along to them. If my events make something more probable for them through this process, it might tip the scales of probability. On an individual level (since I don't plan on having that many kids) it probably wouldn't do too much to my own progeny, but maybe the impacts of epigenetics is more visible on the aggregate level (causing distinct changes only when the population as a whole is hit with certain trends and events)?
So could something like muscles be passed on in this way?
Could we spread our trauma and fears through our children either via our own raising methods via our thoughts/actions/lessons? Or does it also lurk deep inside our DNA?
DO IT!!! YOU CAN DO THIS!!! NO MATTER WHAT PEOPLE SAY, YOU CAN, TRUST ME! SO MANY PEOPLE HAVE THOUGHT THEY COULDN'T BUT THEY DID! YOU CAN BE THE NEXT PERSON WHO SUCCEEDS!
+ChiChaChiHa Okey, I'll do it, I'll join the hot dog contest!
Fat
And so many of those people failed, wasting their life on an unachievable dream.
your advice just got me rejected
jk, I didn't do anything
+ChiChaChiHa Thank you...now, I'm in prision
Mindblowing
Meanwhile all I inherited was mental illness, anger issues and toxicity :( You have no idea how hard it is to stop myself from being a toxic a** hole. Thanks a lot, dad! :(
What kind of cruel things did they do to those poor mice to get them to fear a smell so badly that it was written in their genome :(
Oh shut up.
+Daniel Silva Expose to the smell followed by something like an electrical shock. Rinse and repeat until fear happens without the shock.
It's called "Conditioning" in case you want to look it up.
Make i hate mars bars
it has spread out to other chanels now...
Fat
Hiiisssss/fat/gay
+Lord Zumar
HISSS
SMALL LOAN OF A MILLION DOLLARS
FAKE AND GAY
I LOVE BIG DILDOS
FAT
+CS:GO player This cracked me up, man.
I instinctively always knew this because of mosquitoes, I have seen biting me at the parts of body which is hidden from sight of view.
+Rajiv Photos Please elaborate.
Probably because that's where the best veins are. They can't just bite anywhere.
@@pshuckle7488 they like oxygenated blood which is in capillaries, veins have de-oxygenated blood which they don't prefer .
You stand there and tell us. But I want to see the research.
The high fat diet wouldn't be the thing causing that kind of epigenetic result. The fact that the mother mouse was obese would be the reason.
You would see the same result (likely worse) if it was a high sugar-low fat diet.
That's what he said.
Except that he said it was a high fat diet that lead to them being fat. Eating more calories lead to them being fat, and it was the fact that they were fat (not dietary fat) which caused the epigenetic results.
Yeah, he pretty much said that in a slightly different way.
+cubs0110 But the specific type of diet is relevant, I guess that's why it's mentioned.
Sven I'm saying that it's not, apart from being high in calories.
What’s the difference between telegony and heteropaternal superfecundation? Thx
The mother is still a hoe and the fathers are still cuckolds.
It was eluded to, but how close of a tie between mother exposure during pregnancy and these effects is there? It would seem the only interesting effects would be those seen outside of that, and it wasn't clear evidence of such has been provided.
The pronunciation on överkalix is hilarious. I don't mind it, just as a native swede it sounded funny.
There should definitely be much more translation on other language's.
Regarding the possibility of epigenetic changes to persist more than a few generations, there's very good evidence that epigenetic changes had a important role in the evolution of primates. See for example:
Hernando-Herraez et al. 2013. Dynamics of DNA Methylation in Recent Human and Great Apes Evolution. PLOS Genetics, Published on September 2, 2013.
journals.plos.org/plosgenetics/article?id=10.1371/journal.pgen.1003763
gz for the video
well now i know why i play my guitar song same that played my dad
2:00 I was just thinking that. It's so weird when we disprove something, only to later figure out that the ridiculous idea actually had some merit. But not to the extreme of extending your neck to make your child's neck longer... Right? Oh man, what if it turned out he was right about that as well? Or at least somewhat?
I have a very im-probable theory about love. Like you said in this video, the cells for a child are inside of the baby before it's even born. My theory is that when someone falls in love, maybe the person they fall in love with has a similar and/or same child cell and that's why we have different tastes. But then again, you can't sense/see the cell and a stranger that you think is beautiful won't have the same genes as you but like I said, it's im-probable. Please tell me if this theory may actually be correct or not.
Did you get this from minuteearth... or the other way around?
+Everything Explained Neither! It is possible for two science channels to both cover the same topic without one copying the other. More perspectives, especially on a controversial topic like epigenetic inheritance, is a good thing.
Anyway, I'm friends with the MinuteEarth team and I love their video on the topic. We've been discussing our different opinions on this subject for months.
That pronouncing of Överkalix. ^^
How has natural selection disproved the concept that acquired traits could be passed on?
Can someone explain what "Exogenesis" is then? PLEASE. I looked up the meaning, but I am still confused.
Exogenisis is the idea that life was brought on Earth by an external source (such as an asteroid or a spaceship).
Like, maybe Earth wasn't home to bacteria and simple cells until an asteroid brought them here.
That's the idea behind it.
Oh, ok, cool. Thanks!
n Iike the way you say "STAY CURIOUS".........it really makes me CURIOUS!!:)
0:54 #iAMaSKINcell
But we do receive more than just the DNA from our parents. We already know we get the mitochondria from our mothers. It shouldn’t be surprising we get other proteins during conception, and of course, other proteins through the placenta during pregnancy. We just probably don’t know what these effects these changes would have, or what exactly is being changed.
Epigenetics sounds like a mix of Lamarck and Darwin, I think they both had some truth to it, we may be still missing some key information on how fully evolution work. Genetics, Adaptation, and Natural Selection.
I think I found the reason of why I am so excruatingly thin, my parents, when they were little is also very thin, they've grown a lot fatter today, meanwhile I am still struggling to get fat enough, no matter how much I eat, I just won't get fat, and it's frustrating, so I guess my ability to burn fat is turned on *all* the time? is that's what's happening here?
Maybe a few ideas for next videos;
'Which was first, the chicken or the egg?"
"Does God exist?"
"Does gaming affect our brains"
I really liked these so why not share them with you...
egg, no, and of course
+Adan Rubio I don't think it's that easy, the egg is true I think, I don't believe in a god either, and maybe it doesn't affect our brains or in a way we didn't expect it.
Other animals laid eggs before chickens so it 100% true that the egg came before the chicken. Different video games make us use different parts of the brain. Many games don't affect people's minds to negatively, but there are some well researched papers that say video games can cause addiction. Of course there are are also other papers that say the opposite, but I personally believe that to some poeple it can become addictive.
Either egg, or its a pointless semantics of at what point is a chicken a chicken.
No one knows.
Everything does.
Doesn't Dawkins deny epigenetic inheritance? I'm interested in understanding the various views on this subject and the existing state of evidence.
Out of all the genetic code I only count one cat. This isn't Internet worthy :)
Is matrix possible??
What if Lysenko was correct?
so would it be accurate to assume that because women are born with all the eggs we will ever have, those eggs will carry the tags from the mother of the woman? this would imply that a woman's epigenetics, which change as the woman grows and matures, could only actually have an effect on her future grandchildren? or is it more complex than that?
It would make since when u think about it
right? sort of disappointing thought, any positive changes I make would have to wait an extra generation to show results!
Minutes earth talked about it a year before this video
Was the assassin's creed animus style background on purpose?
How about the traits can be passed on thru 1-2 generations, but not more, and after a few more generations it just happens that the traits recur by coincidence? Also i would like to add that a human as a machine, is not perfect. We are flawed.
I think it can differ for some people, here's an example, I'm 5'11, I'm taller than my mom and dad. also may I add that I am taller than both my grandparents from each side respectively. according to my dad, my great great grandpa was 6'2 so it depends
Hm... Why the fact that the mother that could past blood with the epigenetic of their life would be considered a really early exposure, and not proof of epigenetic?
*Note: A very confusing question that I am perfectly sure no one will answer me.
Not Lamarck Lamar
Larmarck ??? Is it you ? No , I'm mister epigenetic
Im early so let me think of a joke..
I CANT THINK THE PRESSURES TO HARD ON ME!!!
We share 45% DNA with plants, 50% with fungi, 60% with all multicellular animals and 70% with all vertebrates.
Sooooooo, Lamarck was a BIT right?
Can you Make a video on Why are we afraid of the dark
Najee_eee probably because you're Canadian
I inherited my parents ability to write fantastic TH-cam comments! :)
As well as motivational ones! :)
+ChiChaChiHa
Your comment addition by replying your own comment doesn't convince me. In fact, it convince me so little that first I would have to believe in Jahve
Has there ever been any evidence for epigenetic traits showing up more than two generations down the line? AFAIK the methylation of the stem cells in the ovaries of female embryos are _really_ deleted, so there is no way to have an effect of more than two generations along the maternal line and one generation along the paternal line.
+Penny Lane I have yet to see an animal study (and I've looked pretty hard) that goes past F3 for females and F2 for males. It's like the researchers just stop them there, or if they continue then they don't report it. That's what makes me skeptical of this in humans. But it's definitely been shown in plants across multiple generations. Time will tell?
It's Okay To Be Smart Okay plants are pretty different though. In fact, in terms of applicability to humans I would only care for studies in mammals.
I read of a study of pregnant women during WW2 (I forgot which country) - their children had "starvation syndrome" and were therefore, obese. This pattern was continued for 5 generations. Reminds me of this verse: Deuteronomy 5:9 "...visiting the guilt of parents on children, to the third and fourth generation ..."
So...nobody knows....
WHAT DOES HE USE ON HIS HAIR
gel
+Valixium I meant as in hair products (brands of so and so)
+jesse g hanz de fuko: claymation
Semen
can you please make a video about unicorns!!
morphic resonance
so... the Animus is real?
About the famine and heart attacks. seems like you should talk about what they did eat during the famine instead of what they didn't, as what they didn't wouldn't have had much of an effect on their dna... just sayin.
I think Epigenetics certainly is true because i have an unprecedented fear of my wife/girlfriend dieing (My great grandfather married twice both his wifes died)
I hate my genes because my dad was so ugly and lazy unsurprisingly so I am. win genetics by choosing good looking people as a partner lol
Nice hair
I swear when I was in kindergarten I used to punish my left hand for doing tasks. I'd like to think it was because some poor ancestor of mine was getting a ruler across the knuckles by some crazy nun.
What is six feet?