Can You Quench a Knife with DRY ICE??
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- เผยแพร่เมื่อ 11 ม.ค. 2024
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#Science #knife #dryice #NateFromTheInternet #NFTI - บันเทิง
I designed this bushcraft utility knife! Would you like to get one? I want to see if people are actually interested in it.
Yep
I'll pick one up, love your craftsmanship and artistic flair.
For sure
What’s 2000°F in °c? Everyone else uses °c
1093°C @@CaptainW_rCrimes
Here's My suggestion. Use the Aluminum Plates as a heat sync to clamp the knife in, and have the plates be in direct contact with the Dry Ice. This way the Dry Ice can cool the plates well below freezing and aluminum plates will disperse the heat of the blade over a larger area, mitigating much of the localized sublimation of the dry ice.
Good idea, I would take it a step further. Make an ethanol dry ice bath and soak the aluminum plates until they are the same temp as the dry ice, then use the plates for quenching. Alternatively, you could use liquid nitrogen but the dry ice ethanol bath should not boil when you put the aluminum in it. Alternatively, you could use copper plates with even better thermal conductivity than aluminum but they would cost more.
That's pretty much what I was going to say. Aluminum is a great conductor of heat, but I think the Dry Ice is more of an insulator.
was gonna suggest the same. would be cool if Nate tries it and it works
Heat sink* for future reference.
I'd use plates of copper as a heatsink - I think that would work quite well - especially with the dry ice/ethanol idea
Good stuff
I think next step is dry ice on the aluminum plates to cool the blade instead of blasting with cold air.
I agree. I put my plates in the freezer before I quench and it works great. The blade needs to be flat though, so you end up grinding the bevels are hard steel. It's how I make most of my knives, but it uses a lot of abrasives.
copper plates that were cooled with liquid nitrogen before.
Or liquid nitrogen to cool the plates. But yeah. That'd be interesting.
Mix your quenching oil with dry ice to get it really cold. 15w30 should freeze up at -55F and there are some specialist oils good to -85F. That should minimize the leidenfrost effect while providing good surface contact.
I wonder what frizen oil looks like.
Lard. Frozen oil looks like lard/butter. It's essentially all the same stuff, with slight differences that change the melting temp. @@jwalster9412
This is what I was thinking. Now I am kinda curious if oil will boil like water does if you drop dry ice into it?
Just did a youtube search. People have tried it. Yes, the oil bubbles.@@willernst2721
lol i was just about to comment the same thing, doubt it would work better than just oil, but would be interesting to see the results
I'm so glad to see a "5000 degree knife thru anything" type of video in the year 2024. Its like seeing an old friend.
I'd be interested to see a 5000 degree knife, since that's way above the melting point of every knife steel.
yeah lol. Those old youtube clickbait videos said stuff like that and got like 80 million views. Just to be clear I'm reminiscing about those old videos not trying to say anything about your high quality stuff. also happy new year :)@@NFTI
@@NFTImaybe the knife is an exotic alloy?
Lovely sounds at 1:58
Aluminum plates are pretty darn effective at heat transfer. I wonder if it would act as enough of a heat sink to be effective if you were to pre-chill the plates in liquid nitrogen.
no need to super cool the plates with air quench steels you have plenty of time to get the blade under 1000f i use Al plates for all of my air quench steels. main benny is keeping the blades from warping. at one point i thouoght about putting a 1/4" copper plate on the face of my 1" thick al plates cause copper can pull the heat out faster. never got around to doing it
You might also try using dry ice to create a makeshift cryo fluid out of something like alcohol, acetone, or anti-freeze(not super healthy) by cooling the liquid down.
Exactly what i was thinking, and using flammable liquids doubles the value of the experiment - will the liquid flame at these temperatures? assuming you deal with the vapors of course...
ethylene glycol is better at the heat transfer, but kinda toxic. although propylene glycol might be a good idea. i know they break down rather quickly under high heat, so it may have unwanted side effects. make sure to attempt that in a well-ventilated space for safety reasons
Rest in Peace headphone users 😂
No truer words have been said
The cooling rate is not only dependent on temperature differential, but also how much energy it takes to heat the material. Water is 4184 J/kgK, steel is around 350 J/kgK, so for every degree the water is heated during the quench, the steel is cooled around 9. The dry ice is around 55 J/kgK, and will (as it goes into gas form) rob almost a full K from the steel. It actually worked better than I expected. Is it worth testing not "press between blocks" but "crush dry ice, and stir a knife around in it" as well? That MAY allow a faster cooling.
YAPPER DETECTED
Nice improvised knife ice press!
I watched some of his videos a while back and then took a break, and I can say that he has Certainly improved in Quality! Keep it up man!
i love nates super good enough setup. like it works but barely and thats all it needs to do.
try quenching knifes in all the different oils you can find and buy and test how hard they get to see if one stands out among the rest
Those sounds made my day :D thanks mate needed it really badly :P
Always amazing these experiments
this is by far the best attempt at this idea, never seen anyone use 2 blocks of dry ice along side a mount for them to perfectly cool both sides
Suggestion: Try freezing a thickness of water onto the dry ice. Sublimation effect should be reduced while maintaining a temperature of near -104 F.
love your videos
Nates about to be getting a discount for dry ice at his local dry ice store.
i love this guy
Cool video, exactly the interesting topic i subscribed for
My new years resolution is to actually click the like button on videos I like, I did on this one. Keep it up from an OG KOR subscriber!!!
Nice dry ice vice Nate. 👍
Happy and Healthy New Year to Nate and all the Nate from the Internet viewers! Who's watching in 2024?
Instead of using screws to hold the dry ice use plastic or cover the clamp in Styrofoam. Metal contact with dry ice makes it transition from solid to gas faster.
Hey Nate,Its so great to see you keeping up the legacy,What an amazing experiment,Would the result change if you shredded the dry ice into thin dust and then clenched in the blade in that? (kind of like dry ice snow) much love from greece!
Not even the badass music could save your 7th grade science experiment.
How about a high concentration salt water quench? Not sure how cold salt water can get before it freezes but it's worth a try.
It’s only a few degrees difference. Sea water freezes at -2C
@darkmooink69 Yup. I've done some googling and regular salt water isn't that good. But there's other salts that work way better. Still looking through results for the best salt.
when you mix salt water and ice you get slurry with freezing temperatures lower then -20c, people used it to make ice cream before freezers. (the ice and the salt reacts creating freezing temperatures).
I dub your contraption:
The Icy Squash Plate
😂😂😂😂😂😂😂😂
Can you quench a knife in a vacuum chamber? Just the knife and vacuum, no liquids.
Blacksmith here, that will actually do the opposite. It will slow the cooling down because there’s nothing for the heat to transfer to. So it will be softer than any other quench
So you just want him to put the blade in thermos 😂
I am intrigued as to what that knife would be like, and how long it would take to cool.
@@cryptotech3463 What about in a pressure chamber?
@@Zanroff more air = more heat transfer etc
2:31 my right ear will never forgive you 😂
I'd recommend making the dry ice contraption with spring loaded spikes that pull down, instead of a static setup like that. Great video
how about powdered dry ice for quenching and mix powdered dry ice with oil
This was a really well done experiment with the concept. My question is, can a metal be reheated and cooled again to harden it more or would that not work?
You can to a certain extent. Essentially heating up the steel causes the microscopic grain structure to expand, when it is rapidly cooled (or even slowly cooled for that matter) the grains shrink down and a microscopic crystalline structure of the steel is formed. There are different formations of carbon and iron in the steel, austenite and martensite that are made through the process of quenching. Martensite in particular is what gives it the hardness, wear resistance and strength. Reheating it would effectively cause the grains to grow again, removing the crystalline structure, but you could quench it again.
I learned a lot of this from a couple material science classes I've had to take for my degree. If you watch shows like "forged in fire" where they make knives, they make this info easily digestible in the case of knife making, not necessarily metal-working as a whole.
Annealing
Since some metals react better quenched in oil could you freeze some oil or lard into a similar block? Might be interesting combining the cold with traditional quench.
Could you try something like powderizing the dry ice, putting it in a tall glass, and stabbing the hot knife into it? I feel like that might work better than using solid blocks.
So if the problem is that when the dry ice sublimates and creates a pocket where the knife no longer has physical contact, then maybe you could use the dry ice to cool your aluminum plates before and during the quench. That way you get the benefits of the aluminum's thermal conductivity and the low temperature of the dry ice.
Huh, neat!
Perhaps the next iteration would be like a grinding wheel but dry ice?
The quenching sound, sounded like screaming slugs from from Flushed Away lol
It works with modern quarters but not as well as it does with actual silver quarters 1964 and earlier. But if you push the quarter into the ice long enough that it forms a Groove and stands up, the quarter will begin to vibrate and sing. It's a really cool effect. Doesn't do anything else, but it looks and sounds cool.
Nice, Can you try quenching it in ethanol?
Bladesmiths that are worried about a blade bending when cooled already used huge rectangular slabs of aluminium to do the quench.
I'd recommend trying a conformed aluminum plate set with dry ice to draw the heat away; alternatively, a cheaper option could be to make a 'bath' of Dry Ice pellets and small chunks, so that the ice falls in towards the knife as it sublimates.
I think a cool video for Nate to do is to make feasible yet completely impractical knives, and test them
I remember seeing something (I believe on MythBusters) years ago where they tried hardening with used motor oil and I've always wondered how well that would work with a knife/blade. Perhaps you could combine this by getting extremely *cold* used motor oil or have a quenching tub that rapidly cycles the fluid through it for faster thermal transfer?
ill be surprised if anyone has ever tried this before but im excited to see the results.
My notifications from TH-cam changed so I missed a few videos from NFTI, so I'm binge watching a few episodes.
👑
Nate
Maybe create that dry ice/IPA mix where... wait, actually, nope. IPA will burst into flames. Do it behind a shield? 😂
Fire extinguisher service centers usually sell dry ice if you cannot get at the grocery store.
Dry ice is also often sold in special effects stores.
Respect to the People who watched this all with Headphones on
Try tu use cold oil vs room temperature. You also my try experiment with a copper sandwich as a razors blades are processed like this. Copper sandwich would transfer heat more effectively when quenched and it help with knife buckling.
What a legend
You could also use a bath of dry ice and acetone. Acetone has a freezing point of -94 °C, which is lower than dry ice's sublimation point of -79 °C.
Dry Ice holder is a decent name for your device that holds Dry Ice.
Thanks for sharing awesome content that is fun enjoyable and entertaining to watch.
Make it scream dude, very, very hight pressure, ❤awesome video.
Nate, you don't need something very cold. You need something with very high thermal diffusivity that can be applied with consistent pressure. These microstructural transformations happen in seconds. After the first ~10-15 seconds or so of cooling even in air, the hardness of the blade is set and further cooling won't really change it.
Realistically, water is hard to beat for this. A fluid definitely can't be beat by a solid at cooling. No matter what fluid you use, you will want high flow and/or turbulence (but low air/bubble content) to mitigate the leidenfrost effect as much as possible.
Hay nate try cooling aluminium with dry ice and using that for the quench, Aluminium quenching is offen used with high warp risk so why not try that but super cold
With quenching the _speed_ of temperature change is what matters and the sweet spot speed for some notion of optimal hardness seems to be provided by the quenching oil (who would've thought?).
However after quenching and getting it to room temp the speed with which you can _continue_ to quench becomes so slow that you can do it e.g. by simply putting the piece in the freezer (see so called ice hardened steel).
So it would be an interesting experiment to quench as usual (with quenching oil) and then harden it further with freezer, dry ice, liquid nitrogen, etc., and see how hard (and brittle) does it get, however I think it is a situation of diminishing returns.
I haven't gotten there yet, but I can just imagine how much that red hot blade is going to scream pressed between the dry ice.
Dry ice vice sounds good.
It might work if you use a knife blank without holes and squeeze it between two pieces of dry ice cut to the shape of the knife blank. That way you would maintain constant contact with the dry ice without having to keep moving it around.
Make a dry ice and acetone bath and quench in that. The acetone will remain liquid at dry ice temp, and I think it will give you the super fast quench you're looking for.
Hey Nate, what about trying a bucket of propylene glycol that’s been cooled down with a block of dry ice to just above its freezing point. Then remove the dry ice so the co2 bubbles don’t interfere when the knife is submerged.
2:45 Its like a vise, since it uses pressure to keep something in place, and its designed for dry ice. Its the Ice-Vise!
I like how you have that expensive looking strength gauge thats supposed to be super accurate yet you still tap on it like the machine needle is off lol.
I always thought you wanted to cool it slowly in order for the metal to crystallize 😅
Instead of quenching the blade in either water or dry ice, try both at the same time. Also, make sure the entire blade can be submerged. You’re trying to cool it quickly to sort of freeze the atoms in place while in an excited state, letting it cool slowly would allow the atoms to settle like silt at the bottom of a pond. If the entire blade including the handle isn’t being quenched at the same time the heat from the handle can dissipate into the blade slowing the cooling process. Unless the metal is designed for it that can effect the outcome, by how much I can’t say with out doing some testing. The first law of thermodynamics states energy can neither be created or destroyed. So using a small amount of liquid heats up the liquid and slows the cooling rate. Try getting a larger container of water, like a fifty gallon drum and filling it with normal ice. The quench process involves the dissipation of heat and the speed at which it occurs. So I would assume (if you stuck to just using water), the initial temperature of the water just before the quench would effect the outcome. Try that. Not extremes like liquid nitrogen (which was still awesome, btw), just hot water, room temperature water, cold (ice) water, then maybe find a way to include dry ice in that experiment as well if you can. No matter what, be sure to use large quantities of water, not just gallon jars. Since the heat is dissipating into the water a larger supply of water would be able to absorb more heat from the blade at a quicker rate. Would heat treating it in a large cold water supply, like a deep pool work better? Dropping it in the deep end allowing constant surface contact with the metal while continuously passing through fresh cold water. Would cold water being poured over the blade work better for hardness? I’m sure it would warp the blade more. Try not using the same container of water that would warm up with the quench, but instead using a continuous supply of fresh cold water. Like flood coolant in a cnc lathe/mill. Also, even if quenching it in water makes it slightly harder, quenching it in oil treats the surface of the metal and makes it more resistant to corrosion. The tiny pores in the metal absorb the oil and help keep it from rusting. I’ve got an interesting welding project I’m working on that involves stainless and mild steel being tig welded together. If I can get a video put together at some point I’ll try to tag you. I just found your channel and I think it’s great. Stay curious, my friend. The most common phrase uttered after an unintentional scientific discovery is “That’s funny”, because the results were not intended or expected.
next up acetone, cooled by dry ice. picked that up from some exotic pc overclocking.
try blending up the dry ice till its like fine sand. then move the blade around in it. it would act more like a liquid then. maybe try a super cooled oil too. or even anti-freeze cooled till it becomes thick.
Acetone is commonly used for dry ice baths in the labs. Could give that a shot.
When using a hardness tester you get the needle as close to vertical as you can in one smooth motion, then rotate the dial to match the needle. Tapping on the adjustment knob might apply too much preload force on the piece. How it works is it has a standard preload force, it applies a test force, then it measures the difference between the initial indent at the preload force and how deep the test load force indented. It might not be a huge difference, but would be more consistent.
He didn’t grind the thick decarb off of his blade. He also didn’t use foil or anti scale to prevent the decarb from happening in the first place. It’s likely 61-63hrc in the core depending of the stainless alloy
Aluminum plates with a heat sink style backside. Then get your hands on powdered dry ice. Where I am in Michigan we have a facility an hour away that I used to pickup from for work that you could get blocks, plates, chunks, and powdered dry ice from.
Quenching in cooled -100C ethanol might work, just make sure to do it in an inert atmosphere so it doesn't catch fire.
Try using heat transfer fluid for quenching. It should remove the heat quite fast. Hopefully, it's not too fast and breaks the blade
Nate how would you do titanium/steel Damascus? You should do a video.
It's a jig. A dry ice hot knive jig daaaah!!😁
you could try to build a metal plate to put in-between the dry ice and the knife and see if that works.
Put a few long price of dry ice in a quenching oil setup. The oil should become almost solid or super think, then quench and move it around like normal.
You should try super cold oil vrs room temp and warmed!
Water is a surprisingly good heat sink. It might not be as cold as dry ice or liquid nitrogen, but it doesn't need to be. Even at room temperature, it can still sink a lot of the heat off of a piece of metal - which is itself a pretty good heat conductor.
The dry ice would make less contact than any liquic because once it melts out a space, there is only gas cooling stufff. Unless the dry ice was smaller than the blade, you would just have a knife shaped hollow in the ice. Try it with two pieces of dry ice that don't touch eachother.
Perhaps if the dry ice was cut or ground into the smallest possible pieces or even powdered the effect would be better. IDK if dry ice can even be pulverized and remain dry ice but if it can then I'd try quenching it in a bucket of dry ice powder.
I thought you'd use powder instead of blocks, surface area, coverage and all that. This was slapstick comedy of a quench xD
It's clearly an ice vice
Maybe try blending the dry ice to a fine powder then dip the knife in.
In the North East you can get dry ice from welding supply stores. And instead of using blocks of dry ice find a media blasting company that uses dry ice to strip rust and paint. They blast small dry ice pellets at the material to be stripped. So you could heat up the knife and then use the media blaster to cool it. That should cool the knife but more importantly the dry ice blasting at the knife will blow away any Leidenfrost effect around the knife.
Nate, i really enjoy you and your videos, but a warning for that noise would have been great lol
It was squealing 😂😂😊
Oil is also a good case hardening substance. Getting carbon into the steel improves hardness, which oil and leather dust do quite well. Oil doesn't stink as bad, though.
You could try just slicing back and forth into the dry ice, only hardening the cutting edge
Cool the aluminum.
seems like you are slowly working your way to a cold press type of device
If you use granular dry ice and acetone, you would have a slurry of super cooled liquid. The only issue would be if the acetone would ignite when being touched with the hot metal.
The liquid would be more efficient at carrying the heat away.
Hey idea for you, I've always wondered, if you could seal the surface of a piece of aerogel in a vacuum chamber, if it would hold the vacuum inside without collapsing. And if it was a large enough piece, could you make a lighter-than-air solid?
Maybe circulate low temp oil through dry ice and quench in the supercooled oil?
you may want to try a dry ice bath so that the heat exchange is permanant and faster using a liquid interface
ahhh that noise at the start when you rub the knife against the ice..... arrrggghhhh