Lower the charging current on a TP4056 charger board.

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ความคิดเห็น • 122

  • @atinotevuelveaimportar5905
    @atinotevuelveaimportar5905 4 ปีที่แล้ว +5

    Nice video. I’ve just changed one of mines to lower the max current to 0,4A (3k Resistor) and I’ve succeded. FYI I’ve used a 0603 and no problems. 👍

  • @EG-cc3ux
    @EG-cc3ux ปีที่แล้ว

    Hello, can you tell me what kind of resistors are needed for 100mah and 240mah 3.7v batteries please.

  • @arielelijah1282
    @arielelijah1282 ปีที่แล้ว

    Hi how many watts of the resistor capable for the TP. 4056

  • @samibanett516
    @samibanett516 ปีที่แล้ว

    hi Ruben hope you are fine, i have 450mAh 403040 Lipo Battery i want to recharge it with TP4056 charger and please correct me if iam wrong i will change the resistore with 4k 1/4 watts is that right it will be great if you help me in this part Thank you

  • @steaders82
    @steaders82 2 ปีที่แล้ว +3

    Great Video
    Have you got any way of changing the minimum discharge voltage from 2.5 to something nearer 3v so the battery doesn't deplete

    • @RexxSchneider
      @RexxSchneider 2 ปีที่แล้ว +1

      In reality, batteries like the 18650 don't suffer any irreversible damage even at around 2.5V. If you connect a voltmeter across the battery and discharge it until the protection kicks in, you'll see that the battery voltage rebounds to around 2.8V or more without any charging. It's probably a good idea to then recharge them sooner rather than later, but the chemistry is much more forgiving of over-discharge than it is of over-charging.

  • @lumotroph
    @lumotroph ปีที่แล้ว

    Thanks so much!

  • @stclairstclair
    @stclairstclair 2 ปีที่แล้ว

    I have a Li-Ion rechargeable button cell
    that requires a 50mA charge rate (120 mAh battery) Can I go higher than 10K resistor on the board to get the charger down further??

  • @Mezmorize99
    @Mezmorize99 4 ปีที่แล้ว +2

    Thanks for the video! I will more than likely just replace with a standard quarter watt metal film resistor.

    • @DrZipZwan
      @DrZipZwan 4 ปีที่แล้ว +1

      work also fine.the pads for this Rprog are so close to each other, it is crazy. the best with 1/4 resistor, is to try the resistor in the place it should go, bend its pins try again, if correct then solder...

    • @RexxSchneider
      @RexxSchneider 2 ปีที่แล้ว +2

      @@DrZipZwan If you must use a standard through-hole resistor, then it's worth noting that the right-hand pad (as shown in the video) is actually ground, so you can ignore that pad and solder the replacement resistor's legs between the left-hand pad (=pin 2 of the TP4056) and the negative input pad/hole marked (-).

    • @DrZipZwan
      @DrZipZwan 2 ปีที่แล้ว

      @@RexxSchneider yes, you may actually place the replacement resistor whenever, you like. Just make sure to solder 1 side of the resistor to pin 2 of TP4056 chip, and 2nd side of resistor to Main Ground.

  • @DrZipZwan
    @DrZipZwan 4 ปีที่แล้ว +3

    Thanx for this nice video especially for the microscope view!
    I just changed the R3 resistor but use a standard resistor, thats what I had around. It works fine.
    IMPORTANT DETAIL: when you chose a resistor superior to 10K (because 10k is the max value in TP4056 datasheet), it messes with the led of "charged completed" !! so according to what/how the led is blinking, you should try to understand when the charging of your battery is done.

    • @MACYNET323
      @MACYNET323 2 ปีที่แล้ว

      Would be interest know of fix it for charge LIR2032 battery.I want use higher value than 10K for that cell.

    • @DrZipZwan
      @DrZipZwan 2 ปีที่แล้ว +2

      @@MACYNET323 I also did a charger for those coin battery, and works fine.
      Had to go with 47K, because capacity of those coin batt is low around 200mA, and dont want rush them with high current. It is ok with me, got around 5 of those rechargeable LIR2032.
      Just dont exept big capacity from them.

    • @MACYNET323
      @MACYNET323 2 ปีที่แล้ว

      @@DrZipZwan Do you have use this module or it's another project that can you share?I tought to charge battery from 5V supply by just add a diode and resistor,THX

    • @RexxSchneider
      @RexxSchneider 2 ปีที่แล้ว

      @@MACYNET323 I've been charging LR2032 batteries using the TP4056 for a long time now. I replaced the 1.2K SMD resistor with a 33K SMD and it works perfectly well. I've not seen a problem with the switch from "charge" to "standby" leds to indicate end of charge, but I may be just lucky. The end-of-charge voltage is always a solid 4.2V.

    • @RexxSchneider
      @RexxSchneider 2 ปีที่แล้ว +2

      @@MACYNET323 Please don't charge lithium batteries from a 5V supply. Both the supply and the diode are likely subject to variations in voltage and you can't be sure you will keep the battery voltage below 4.2V. Considering that I can buy ten TP4056 modules with protection included for around £5 from eBay, whatever savings you're hoping to make by using a diode and resistor instead simply aren't worth it.

  • @Yonatan24
    @Yonatan24 ปีที่แล้ว +2

    It worked! I used a 10k resistor. Thanks!

    • @samibanett516
      @samibanett516 ปีที่แล้ว +1

      hi i have 450mAh 403040 Lipo Battery i want to recharge it with TP4056 board.. do you have any idea which suitable resistor that i can replace it with...I am confused thank you

    • @Yonatan24
      @Yonatan24 ปีที่แล้ว +2

      @@samibanett516 A 10k resistor should work well.

    • @samibanett516
      @samibanett516 ปีที่แล้ว +1

      @@Yonatan24 Thank you for your fast respond and help ..God bless you i will Use 10K Resistor i sub in your Channel

    • @WerewolfMaster
      @WerewolfMaster ปีที่แล้ว +1

      What worked? What it changed? (yeah I don't know what I'm doing here, but I need clarification why you do it, please answer)

    • @Yonatan24
      @Yonatan24 ปีที่แล้ว +1

      @@WerewolfMaster It lowers the charging current

  • @BongButingting
    @BongButingting 3 ปีที่แล้ว

    cool video....just want to ask if my lipo battery is rated 1800 ma, what should i do can i short the resistor? thanks.

    • @rlopezxl
      @rlopezxl  3 ปีที่แล้ว +1

      You don't need to do anything. The default charge rate should be fine.

  • @DustyClam-vx5fb
    @DustyClam-vx5fb 11 หลายเดือนก่อน +1

    All the people asking "what resistor do I need" just do R = 1200/mah and you'll get what you need in K ohm
    aka
    R=1200/300mah meaning R = 3k ohm.
    R=1200/100mah then R = 12k ohm
    R=1200/240mah then R = 5k ohm
    So on and so fourth.
    As a side note, the mah charge rate is not the mah capacity rating of the battery. You need to look at the spec sheet of the battery for suggested charge rate for your specific battery(ies) to get the charge rate mah. A 1700mah capacity battery is not a 1700mah charge rate.

  • @devanshupandya1939
    @devanshupandya1939 3 ปีที่แล้ว

    Hey! I have a 1700 mah battery (Lipo), do I need to change the resistor on the TP4056, or will my board with fine the way it is?

    • @sk1pp04
      @sk1pp04 4 หลายเดือนก่อน

      It is suggested that you charge Li-ion batteries at 30-40% of it's capacity for best life and performance of a battery. I believe the same is suggested for Lipo, so you would want to get the charge current between 510 - 680 mA. The default 1A current the TP4056 would charge it, but you would risk heating issues and performance losses, as well as possible damage to the battery.

  • @gulhanyanar5286
    @gulhanyanar5286 3 ปีที่แล้ว +1

    Hallo and thanks for the video!
    In the table that is in your video and also in the data sheet, the list ends at 1000mA . What if my LiPo is 1200mA ? I mean the table is not linear... What kind of R should I use?

    • @rlopezxl
      @rlopezxl  3 ปีที่แล้ว

      Hi, take a look at your battery's datasheet, it will list the suggested charge rates. For example the LiPo 1200mA battery that I own has a suggested charge rate of 240mA.

    • @RexxSchneider
      @RexxSchneider 2 ปีที่แล้ว +2

      You mean your battery is 1200mAh capacity. And @Ruban Lopez you mean the LiPo 1200mAh battery that you won has a charge rate of 240mA.
      Capacities are measured in mAh and charge currents are measured in mA. It's because folks are sloppy about using units accurately that there is so much confusion.

    • @WerewolfMaster
      @WerewolfMaster ปีที่แล้ว

      @@rlopezxl what if there's no battery datasheet available? Not every battery has such luxury provided

  • @edstonpesito9199
    @edstonpesito9199 2 ปีที่แล้ว +1

    What ohms value of the resistor should be replaced in R3 of TP4056 fit to 3.7v 200mah? Thanks!

    • @DustyClam-vx5fb
      @DustyClam-vx5fb 11 หลายเดือนก่อน

      not sure if you need it still but, the formula is Ibat = (Vprog/Rprog) x 1200 where Vprog is 1 (for 1V). Since you need Ibat to be 200mah, This would be written as "200 = (1/Rprog) x 1200" Simplifying it to Rprog = 1200/200. You'd need a 6k resistor.
      That goes for any of these calculations. Rprog = 1200/mah to get your resister value in k ohm.

    • @sk1pp04
      @sk1pp04 4 หลายเดือนก่อน

      @@DustyClam-vx5fb Isn't the Ibat the charging current? From what I've researched is that you should aim to charge your batteries at 30% - 40% of the capacity for best life and performance. Shouldn't he try to calculate his resistor for Ibat to = 60 - 80mah?

  • @anonymousmaster1993
    @anonymousmaster1993 2 ปีที่แล้ว

    Hey Ruben
    For fast charging of my 18650 battery I removed the resistor r3 and replaced it with wire of negligible resistance.
    If this step is correct or not
    Please tell me the right thing to do 🙏

  • @chiragpatel4823
    @chiragpatel4823 3 ปีที่แล้ว +2

    I have 3.7v 850mah lipo.. What is the suitable value of resistor? And can I use normal carbon resistor instead of smd resistor?

    • @rlopezxl
      @rlopezxl  3 ปีที่แล้ว +2

      I think 1.5K would work but take a look at the datasheet linked in the description. Yes you can use a carbon resistor.

    • @chiragpatel4823
      @chiragpatel4823 3 ปีที่แล้ว +2

      @@rlopezxl thank you so much for your valuable reply...thanks a lot 😊🤗❤

  • @Coniass
    @Coniass 3 ปีที่แล้ว

    Hey is it ok that the TP4056 gets hot or should i limit the current flow?

    • @rlopezxl
      @rlopezxl  3 ปีที่แล้ว

      It does get hot when charging at 1A. If the heat is a problem for your project you can lower the charging current.

  • @SagittariusArtworks
    @SagittariusArtworks 3 ปีที่แล้ว

    Does it need to be the exact value for the resistor? I can't get 4k resistors, only 4,7k. Does it matter?

    • @rlopezxl
      @rlopezxl  3 ปีที่แล้ว

      It does not need to be exact, just use a value that will give you an appropriate charging current for your battery. Using a higher resistor value will give you a lower charging current.

  • @kiloton5764
    @kiloton5764 2 ปีที่แล้ว

    Lol. Did you just took out and put back the same resistor? Same value?

  • @SomnathDas-ej3ve
    @SomnathDas-ej3ve ปีที่แล้ว

    If the battery is 1500mah -2000 mah then resistor need to replace or not

    • @sk1pp04
      @sk1pp04 4 หลายเดือนก่อน

      I would suggest you replace it. It is suggested that you charge Li-ion batteries at 30-40% of it's capacity for best life and performance of a battery.

  • @pulesjet
    @pulesjet 5 ปีที่แล้ว

    Q : Is there a way to adjust the Charging voltage on the TP4056 or is the reference within the IC ? I wish to only charge my 18650's to 4.0V max ?

    • @rlopezxl
      @rlopezxl  5 ปีที่แล้ว +1

      That's set within the IC, no way to change that.

    • @pulesjet
      @pulesjet 5 ปีที่แล้ว +1

      Yea, sorta figured that out after I found the data sheet. Thank You for the rapid reply.

    • @DrZipZwan
      @DrZipZwan 4 ปีที่แล้ว +1

      the charging voltage I dont think so, but if you want the final charged voltage here is how to do it.
      you need to use a Schottky diode, depending on what you want the battery voltage to be.
      Explanation: lets say you want to charge your battery to 3,8V, so you need a Schottky diode of forward voltage of 0,4v.
      This will make TP4056 think that the Battery is charged to 4,2V, while it is charged to 3,8V.
      tricky tricky :D

    • @wibbyarief8958
      @wibbyarief8958 4 ปีที่แล้ว

      @@DrZipZwan I think it would be a good idea to make a storage voltage charger. Can you tell me where to put the diode and which direction?

    • @goku445
      @goku445 หลายเดือนก่อน

      @@DrZipZwan could you use a variable resistor to replace R3?

  • @lexoticstudios5669
    @lexoticstudios5669 5 ปีที่แล้ว

    Hey! Can I use a normal resistor in place of the SMD resistor? Both leads are in place of the SMD’s leads?

    • @rlopezxl
      @rlopezxl  5 ปีที่แล้ว

      Yes, you can. Cut the leads shorter to make it easier. I did that in this project rxl.dev/to7f70

    • @lexoticstudios5669
      @lexoticstudios5669 5 ปีที่แล้ว

      Ruben Lopez also, why do I need to lower the current rating? Can’t I just use the TP4056 as it is with a 650mah 3.7V LiPo battery?

    • @rlopezxl
      @rlopezxl  5 ปีที่แล้ว

      @@lexoticstudios5669 the default charging current is too high for your 650mah battery. I would lower it to 650ma to prevent any damage to the battery.

    • @DrZipZwan
      @DrZipZwan 4 ปีที่แล้ว

      ​@@lexoticstudios5669 because the charging current should be 35-40% of your battery capacity!!
      40% of 650mA = 260mA
      So you need to find a resistor that will set the charging current close to 260mA (maybe not exactly 260mA, but try to find a resistor that willl give your a charging current close to that number), it is better for the security of your battery and your project ;)

    • @RexxSchneider
      @RexxSchneider 2 ปีที่แล้ว

      @@DrZipZwan A resistor of 4.7K will give something close to 260mA.

  • @thehardbihari505
    @thehardbihari505 3 ปีที่แล้ว

    Which value of resistor should i use for getting 2 amp and 3 amp current
    Please bro reply
    I dont have much knowledge about these things

    • @rlopezxl
      @rlopezxl  3 ปีที่แล้ว +1

      The datasheet states that 1 amp is the max. There is a different high current module that you can find on eBay. Search for "TP4056 High Current".

    • @thehardbihari505
      @thehardbihari505 3 ปีที่แล้ว +1

      @@rlopezxl ok bro thank uu for replying

  • @youliantroyanov2941
    @youliantroyanov2941 ปีที่แล้ว

    👌

  • @damionburch832
    @damionburch832 วันที่ผ่านมา

    I have a battery like 402030 but mine is 250mah so I would change to a 5k resistor

  • @CJfoks
    @CJfoks ปีที่แล้ว

    Is it possible to change max charged voltage cutoff?

    • @HolarMusic
      @HolarMusic ปีที่แล้ว

      sadly not without extensive modifications

    • @goku445
      @goku445 หลายเดือนก่อน

      one guy mentioned using a simple schottky diode with the correct voltage drop.

  • @miteshdhanani
    @miteshdhanani 5 ปีที่แล้ว

    What did u apply before soldering

    • @rlopezxl
      @rlopezxl  5 ปีที่แล้ว +1

      Soldering flux.

    • @majinkeyboards
      @majinkeyboards 3 ปีที่แล้ว

      @@rlopezxl a very generous amount as well :)

  • @nazmulhassan7008
    @nazmulhassan7008 4 ปีที่แล้ว

    I have a 180mah battery...
    What kind of value i used 5k or 8k
    Please reply

    • @rlopezxl
      @rlopezxl  4 ปีที่แล้ว

      8k should work for your battery.

    • @nazmulhassan7008
      @nazmulhassan7008 4 ปีที่แล้ว

      @@rlopezxl
      I have a 10k potentiometer but how to connect in it with the set of 8k

    • @rlopezxl
      @rlopezxl  4 ปีที่แล้ว

      ​@@nazmulhassan7008 Use a multimeter to figure out which leads you need to connect and to verify the resistance value. You can probably find a tutorial on Google, search for tp4056 and potentiometer.

  • @unnamed-k4q
    @unnamed-k4q 3 ปีที่แล้ว

    Can we charge 2 parallel battery changing resistor? Araund 1.5 A 2 battery

    • @rlopezxl
      @rlopezxl  3 ปีที่แล้ว

      The boards I've seen have a 1A max output. There is a different high current module that you can find. Search for "TP4056 High Current".

    • @unnamed-k4q
      @unnamed-k4q 3 ปีที่แล้ว

      @@rlopezxl i know that there are different modules but i want connect 2 battery parallel to this module. Battery voltages are 4.2 v .They are in same voltage .I know we can connect 1 battery to this board.But can i connect 2 battery? Thanks for answer

    • @rlopezxl
      @rlopezxl  3 ปีที่แล้ว

      I have not tried to do that myself but you can. Make sure you balance both batteries first before connecting them in parallel.

    • @unnamed-k4q
      @unnamed-k4q 3 ปีที่แล้ว

      @@rlopezxl okey thanks

  • @09kenxgamer31
    @09kenxgamer31 3 ปีที่แล้ว

    Can I charge multiple lithium battery at parallel in one tp4056?

    • @rlopezxl
      @rlopezxl  3 ปีที่แล้ว

      I have not tried that. It is possible but you should go research the limitations and risks.

    • @09kenxgamer31
      @09kenxgamer31 3 ปีที่แล้ว

      @@rlopezxl I do some research about it some saying that should use resistor because the limit of TP4056 is 1amp and 5v. 1amp = 1 lithium battery therefore the total is 4amps in 4battery while the voltage will stay the same (3.7v). The question is why do some people(DIY) in TH-cam using only 1 tp4056 and USB when creating a powerbank

    • @RexxSchneider
      @RexxSchneider 2 ปีที่แล้ว

      The TP4056 modules are so cheap (l can see ten for £5 on eBay, including the extra protection chips) that there's really no reason not to use one per battery. Having each battery charged at its optimum rates will help to extend battery life, and you'll save money in the long run.

  • @humerawr
    @humerawr 2 ปีที่แล้ว +1

    The resistor on my board is a 0603 SMD resistor, not a 0805. Just a heads-up for other tinkerers.

  • @electronicstv5884
    @electronicstv5884 4 ปีที่แล้ว +1

    Very good video! I want to charge a LIR2032 and LIR2450 battery. Can I even use higher Resistors as 10K? Thanks in advance. BTW: I've subscribed!

    • @rlopezxl
      @rlopezxl  4 ปีที่แล้ว +1

      I have not tried a resistor higher than 10K but someone in the comments mentioned problems with the LEDs with higher values.

    • @electronicstv5884
      @electronicstv5884 4 ปีที่แล้ว

      @@rlopezxl OK. Thank you

    • @electronicstv5884
      @electronicstv5884 4 ปีที่แล้ว

      Do you think it's a problem charging LIR2032 (45mAh) with 10K?

    • @rlopezxl
      @rlopezxl  4 ปีที่แล้ว

      Yes, the charge rate is too high for that battery. I don't have experience with rechargeable button cells. Go search for a tutorial on charging those types of batteries with the TP4056. I'm sure someone on the Internet has already done it.

    • @RexxSchneider
      @RexxSchneider 2 ปีที่แล้ว +1

      @@rlopezxl Yes, I've done it using a 33K resistor. It charges my LIR2032s at about 40mA and that would be perfectly safe for the LIR2450 as well (although it would take longer).
      If anyone doesn't want to change the resistor on the the TP4056 module themselves, for a few pounds, they can buy a pre-build module with a 2032 coin cell holder soldered onto a TP4056 module that has been modified to supply a similarly low charge current. I've not experienced any issues with the LEDs on my charger.

  • @antoniodimaio8093
    @antoniodimaio8093 3 ปีที่แล้ว

    Can be 1A used to charge 800mA ... ?

    • @rlopezxl
      @rlopezxl  3 ปีที่แล้ว +1

      You should lower the charging current.

    • @antoniodimaio8093
      @antoniodimaio8093 3 ปีที่แล้ว

      @@rlopezxl I see the closer option is 750mA. Than you

  • @jnkmal9519
    @jnkmal9519 3 ปีที่แล้ว +2

    Did you mean "Pretend that I used a *HIGHER* value resistor."?

  • @biancad6289
    @biancad6289 5 ปีที่แล้ว

    Hi..Thank you for the good Info on how to change the resistor.I need Help..i have the same battery 3.7 V - 1000mAh Can I use TP4056 .with 5V 1A to recharge it or i should change
    the resistor 1000mAh ..if yes kindly you tell me which suitable Resistors to Replace I`m really sceard of doing any mistake I would very appreciate your help Thank you

    • @rlopezxl
      @rlopezxl  5 ปีที่แล้ว +1

      Hi, thanks for the comment. You should lower the charging current, 1A is too high for your battery. I would charge it at 30% of the total capacity so use a 4K resistor to lower the charging current to 300mA.

    • @biancad6289
      @biancad6289 5 ปีที่แล้ว

      Dear MR /@@rlopezxl Thank you very much.You advise me to use 4K resistor.my Q is if i change the resistor to 4K then can i use 5V 1A mobil charger ??
      do you have any idea from where to buy those littel resistors 4K or i should use normal 4K R with colore line .Once again Thanks and God bless you The earth thanks the clouds when the rain comes!!

    • @rlopezxl
      @rlopezxl  5 ปีที่แล้ว +1

      @@biancad6289 Yes a 5V 1A mobile charger is fine. You can buy SMD resistors online on eBay or Amazon, you can use a 1/4 watt resistor (the ones with the colored lines) just cut the leads short so it will be easier to solder.

    • @biancad6289
      @biancad6289 5 ปีที่แล้ว

      Dear MR /@@rlopezxl Thank you very much..really you helped me i was struggle in the time i bought 20 of those battery last year after that i look every where on how to charge them even here in youtobe some they dont give proper help .and you solve it for me..sorry one last Q if you dont mind 1/4 watt how to describe it 1/4 watt means 33 Ohm or 3K and the smd resistor in ebay i just type smd resistor only theres number I apologize very much for bothering you Ruben..you are a Great man has Great heart Thank you.. Greetings and appreciation to you from St. Kitts Island

    • @rlopezxl
      @rlopezxl  5 ปีที่แล้ว +2

      @@biancad6289 1/4 watt refers to the type. Here is an example of an older TP4056 board that I modified using a 1/4 watt resistor rlopezxl.files.wordpress.com/2018/05/ds_tp4056mod1.jpg and rlopezxl.files.wordpress.com/2018/05/ds_tp4056mod2.jpg. Use a 1/4 watt 4K resistor. For the SMD resistor, search for "0805 SMD kit" on eBay. It is cheaper to buy SMD resistors in a kit. The kit should include most common values, including 4K.

  • @WerewolfMaster
    @WerewolfMaster ปีที่แล้ว

    What if I DON'T have datasheet of max charging current for my battery? Rarely things are this perfect

    • @goku445
      @goku445 หลายเดือนก่อน

      you can use 1C or half of it if you want to be safe.

  • @MACYNET323
    @MACYNET323 2 ปีที่แล้ว

    The Manufacture should use higher size resistor or even better a version with socket and carbon resistor for an easier swap

    • @boots7859
      @boots7859 ปีที่แล้ว

      These are made for industry, not tinkerers.

    • @Yonatan24
      @Yonatan24 ปีที่แล้ว

      @@boots7859 I've never seen them in any device using a 18650. I've only seen other charging modules. Do you have any examples?

  • @chloemcholoe3280
    @chloemcholoe3280 5 ปีที่แล้ว

    i could only find 1206 ones. lets hope it'll work fine 0_0

    • @rlopezxl
      @rlopezxl  5 ปีที่แล้ว

      That might be too big. I think it will cover the pads but let me know if you get it to work. Remember that you can always just use an axial resistor. Just cut the leads short.

  • @Mandrag0ras
    @Mandrag0ras 5 ปีที่แล้ว

    For some strange reason, this video will not load at 720p resolution.

    • @rlopezxl
      @rlopezxl  5 ปีที่แล้ว

      I noticed that earlier but it seems to be working now. Not sure what happened.

  • @3LECTROSHOCKED
    @3LECTROSHOCKED 4 ปีที่แล้ว

    These modules are awesome! You can combine those to charge a pack of any S. Check out my review of TP4056 balance charger after 1 year of exploitation th-cam.com/video/XrSCNwitxjk/w-d-xo.html

  • @user-np3gy1ft1x
    @user-np3gy1ft1x 3 ปีที่แล้ว

    У нас дети в радиокружке и то аккуратнее паяют.