Eclipse 123, Not writing backwards (I'm not that talented). The board is called Learning Glass. You can check it out at www.learning.glass Cheers, Dr. A
Can we understand in below way? The temperature of the water before melting of ice will be higher but after melting of ice temperature will decreases which make volume decrease but the volume of ice floating above the level of water will counterbalance it so the overall volume of water will remain same.
Mahendrasingh, Forget temperature, think of it this way: The buoyant force = weight of displaced fluid. The ice has a mass m but it floats because the buoyant force = mg. This amounts to a region of displaced fluid that is exactly equal to the amount of water mass in the iceberg. And when the iceberg melts, it just fills up this region of displaced fluid, thus the level does not change. Thanks for the comment, and keep up with the physics! You might also like my new website: www.universityphysics.education Cheers, Dr. A
It's easier to explain by noting that water expands as it freezes. Meaning, it gets less dense, allowing it to float. (ie. put water in a plastic container and freeze it and it will rupture the container. Conversely, when ice melts, it becomes more dense.
When Arctic and Antarctic ice melt due to global warming, we should also look at the warming of the sea in other areas of the world. As temperature goes up, seawater gets less dense, which means the volume of seawater goes up, hence sea levels will rise.
Hello Professor, this is my first time here. I'd like to ask, why the water level does not decrease after adding ice cubes? Because the volume they displace should be equivalent to the visible dimensions of the cube, but as it melts into the denser, more compact liquid form, there should be reduction in space required, thus reduction in the water level from the point when the cube was just released into the bucket, when the total level is volume of water + volume of cube(s)?
@@TheBhartiyaTrainee How many airbubbles for exaple, the size of the ice is bigger but the inside is hollow, that means theres less water but bigger surface.
This whole concept is in my JEE exam syllabus... There are three cases mentioned in book If density of substance = density of water If density of substance > density of water If density of substance< density of water
Dr. Anderson, could you please explain why the water level increases in the case where the ice is initially stacked all the way to the bottom of the container and elevates way above the initial water level? Could this be explained by the fact that the weight of the ice would now be equal to the sum of the buoyant force and the normal force that the bottom of the container exerts on the ice?
If the ice is stacked from the bottom, you could stack it as high as wanted. If it’s stacked 3 foot high, there’s no way all that melting ice can fit in the container. All that weight isn’t accounted for in the displacement because it’s weight is held by its own structure. Hope I worded this in a way that helps.
Before seeing the answer I would like to try and give an answer even if I risk getting it wrong or looking like a fool. My idea is that the weight of the ice displaces the water around it and so when the ice melts the weight of that added water (once an ice cube) should remain the same so the water should not rise.
Sure, this is mostly right and you could correlate it to what is happening to our Ocean. Except that a lot of the ice that is/has melted was on land. So take a cup of ice water that is at the brim and ADD more ice. Then tell me what happens.
Grant Zimmerman correct. he specifically states at the end of the video that the situation is different if the “ice is stacked all the way to the bottom and reaches way up high” so I think he is referring ro melting of the ice caps and how this concept cannot be applied to disprove rising sea levels
The ice at the north pole is floating. There is no land under it and it only averages about 6" thick. This is the mass that they talk about getting smaller. It would not raise the water level. The ice at the south pole is on land mostly, averages about 2 miles thick and has on average been maintaining it's mass. Some areas will melt a bit while others are gaining mass.
@@_MKE thing is the vast majority of ice on land is in no danger of melting only the ice on water and land 2000km away from the pole reach temperatures capable of causing melt , and while the glaciers are slowly melting the sea ice is actually growing believe it of not , i honestly think climate change is not a real presiding worry to mankind at the moment . population growth scares me
+Matt Anderson Sir, may I know if this phenomenon is temperature dependent? . I'm asking this because the density of water depends on temperature. Also, if the phenomenon is temperature dependent, what happens to level of water at 0°C, 3°C, 20°C.
+Karthik Bonda Karthik, great point! Of course, the density of water varies very little with temperature so we can likely neglect it. In fact, from 20° C to 0° C (room temperature to near freezing), the density increases by only about 0.2%. In fact, over the whole range from 0° C to 100° C (not including freezing or boiling, of course), the density varies by only 4%. There's a great graph here: www.engineeringtoolbox.com/water-density-specific-weight-d_595.html Cheers, Dr. A
In the case of presence of an air bubble, wouldn't the air have some mass? Let's consider Vo to be the immersed volume initially. Now, after the ice melts, wouldn't the volume that is created due to the melting of the ice be a bit lesser Vo since the mass of the air isn't considered? This would result in a slight decrease in the water level. Or do we say it doesn't change at all since this height difference is almost negligible due to air being so light? Mathematically treating this case :sigma = density of water, V = Total volume of the ice cube. [m(air) + m(ice) ]* g = sigma * Vo * g ==> Vo = [m(air) + m(ice) ]/sigma. Now after the ice melts, the volume generated would be = m(ice)/sigma which is clearly lesser than Vo.
Hold on one sec. The total mass of water does not change as the ice cubes melt, but since the portion of water that used to be ice is now less dense it is going to take up less space. Plus, there is no ice cube pushing up the level of water up so i would expect the level of water to fall. What am i missing here?
Michele F, This is a tricky one. The ice cube certainly takes up less space than it used to, but it occupies exactly the amount of water that it displaced when it was floating. Thanks for the comment, and keep up with the physics! You might also like my new website: www.universityphysics.education Cheers, Dr. A
When ocean ice melts due to global warming, assuming that the ice is pure water like in this video, then it wouldn't make sea levels rise. However, when that happens, we should also look at the warming of the sea in other areas of the world. As temperature goes up, seawater gets less dense, which means the volume of seawater goes up, hence sea levels will rise.
@@carlo2151 as long as we don't spread the wrong information. Warmer climates will cause sea levels to rise automatically but glaciers will melt anyway, not affecting sea levels
I still can't agree with this!!!!! In it's most simple terms, is it because water in it's frozen state, takes up less room than when in its liquid form?
When ocean ice melts due to global warming, assuming that the ice is in the same physical conditions like in this video, then it wouldn't make sea levels rise. However, when that happens, we should also look at the warming of the sea in other areas of the world. As temperature goes up, seawater gets less dense, which means the volume of seawater goes up, hence sea levels will rise. This is still not mentioning ice on the ground which, when melted, can add to the seawater volume/rising sea level.
hii sir .. actually i wanna ask u something. . acc to u when ice melts water level remains same and i too agree but many a times we hear that polar ice is melting and water level is really rising .. but how is that possible. . can u plzz explain?
@@avitaprofide I think some of the Antarctic ice isn't floating on water but its attached to earth's crust on which the seas exist, so it will change the water level as it was not floating in water to begin with.
When ocean ice melts due to global warming, assuming that the ice is pure water like in this video, then it wouldn't make sea levels rise. However, when that happens, we should also look at the warming of the sea in other areas of the world. As temperature goes up, seawater gets less dense, which means the volume of seawater goes up, hence sea levels will rise. This is still not mentioning ice on the ground which, when melted, can add to the seawater volume/rising sea level.
jeez, i knew that as a casual observation, and because i was told about how water orients itself as a 'crystalline' structure due do the slight delta charges it carries. I worry about american education standards, although australia is also failing to educate people beyond the level of a 10 year old from the 1950's (but it is far more important that america is failing). This is a serious issue, you should be diving into quantum mechanics from day one of a first year undergraduate course. I can't imagine how you stay so calm about it?
Matt I m confused a little her: u said that Ph20*volume(underneath)= mass of ice so we can conclude that Ph20*volume underneath= P of ice* volume of ice. according to this since density of ice is less than water so more volume of ice will be melted down so volume of water formed wouldn't be more that volume(underneath)
But should it not change slightly? When the ice is initially floating, the volume of water it displaces will lead to an increase in height of water in the container uniformly, except in the portion where the ice cube is protruding. After all the ice has melted, the volume of water displaced will come back and fill the void created by melted ice, but the water obtained from melted ice will lead to an increase in water's height uniformly even in the area where the ice cube was protruding. As volume is same and the area has increased, height should fall slightly.
I know it’s been a long time but I hope you see this. It’s bothering me for a long time. I ask so many people, everyone says it remains the same. However, when the ice cubes melt, as the water gets cooler, shouldn’t it be more dense which causes the water level decreases
I have an issue with this example since people often use it as an attempted proof against sea level rise. Ice cubes don't sit above the water. They sit nearly level with it when free floating. The ice being referred to in the proof of sea level rise is above sea level. There are millions of cubic miles of ice at the poles NOT in the water. Ad that to our oceans and you have a notable volume change. That's not even getting into the chemical composition of the water and the effect that has on life and weather. But yeah, ice cubes and cups of tap water are great.
if the cup is filed first with ice all the way to the top then filled with water to the top it will create a bulged at the top that wont break until touched go to your kitchen and try it
Camilla Savelieva, Thanks for the comment, and keep up with the physics! You might also like my new website: www.universityphysics.education Cheers, Dr. A
so if icebergs melt, no rise in sea level?/?????? I was taught that water level does not rise with melting ice but newspapers say they do rise so got confused thanks
@@marklanders6833 When ocean ice melts due to global warming, assuming that the ice is in the same physical conditions like in this video, then it wouldn't make sea levels rise. However, when that happens, we should also look at the warming of the sea in other areas of the world. As temperature goes up, seawater gets less dense, which means the volume of seawater goes up, hence sea levels will rise. This is still not mentioning ice on the ground which, when melted, can add to the seawater volume/rising sea level.
@@carlo2151 Please let's leave sci-fi and fairy-tails where they belong. The state in which the water is found, whether it's _liquid, solid_ or _gas,_ does not have any effect on the mass. And as I need _not_ say more, let's leave it at that.
u r the only person who makes me understand this topic. .. i m really impressed by u and u got a new subscriber sir .. and tomorrow is my physics examination I hope I secure good marks .. thanks again😁
If the density of ice is less than that of water, then when it melts it will fill up just a tiny bit of less space if water was supposed to be in place of ice, so we might not see it with the naked eye but the little volume left will decrease the a very small fraction of water which means that the water level has to decrease
If fresh ice and water doesnt rise when melting and ..If iceberg are made of fresh water and meting in salt water and salt is more dense then water ..then the water level doesn't rise but only drop as it's mixing with something more dense and slowly gets his way to the bottom ...
So either: (a) icecaps melting has exactly ZERO correlation to rising sea levels OR (b) icecaps are touching earth and are raised above their natural floating level such that their melting can raise sea levels
*EXACTLY!* So - the real question is _WHERE_ is the ice melting on our planet? (a) North Pole - Has no land under the ice (and no Santa Claus) (b) South Pole - Has the continent Antarctica (a land mass) beneath the ice, supporting the mass, not buoyancy > Only ice melting at the South Pole would have an impact on water levels
Ice caps are fresh water. That means that once it melts, it has a lower density than the salty sea water. The professor's problem only considered ice that was made of the same solution as the water.
@@johnpfmcguire I was responding to your comment regarding rising sea levels. Fresh frozen water floating in dense salt water does cause it to rise when it melts.
The salinity of seawater is not high enough for this to make a significant difference. Also the oceans are getting saltier as more minerals are being added from runoff, so if this were an issue it would be becoming less of an issue over time.
What about the salinity in ocean water factor? Does that change things? Extrapolated over to 'climate change' claims: Floating ice masses may not increase sea levels but would land-bound, glacial melts and run off or accumulation from flooding?
Hi John, Excellent point! Thanks for the comment. In fact when floating icebergs melt they DO increase the sea level slightly because icebergs are fresh water and the ocean is salt water. But this effect is very small (certainly small compared to melting of land-based ice). You can solve it quickly and see that the volume of the melted iceberg is bigger than the (formerly) displaced volume by this ratio: Density of salt water / Density of fresh water = 1027/1000 = 1.027. So the melted iceberg takes up 2.7% more volume. Here's a good link: www.newscientist.com/article/dn18841-melting-icebergs-boost-sea-level-rise/ Cheers, Dr. A
Good question. In our experiment, we are assuming that water has more or less the same density at different temperatures (other than when it turns to ice). This is an okay assumption but strictly speaking it is not exactly true. At 4°c, water has its highest density. This means that an ice cube floating in 4°c water will be sticking up the most, since it has to displace a smaller volume of water to balance its weight. When it melts, however, this requires some heat. If the block of ice turns into 4°c water, it will still just fill this exact volume and the water level will not change. But if the melting block of ice turns into 3°c water, then it lowers the overall temperature of the water, and the entire water level will increase slightly. Conversely, if the water is at 5°c and the melting block of ice lowers the overall temperature to 4°c, then the water level will decrease slightly. Note, however, that these corrections in density for a degree or two on either side of 4°c are on the order of one part in 10,000. At 0°c, it gets tricky since ice crystals start forming in the water. So it's tough to say what will happen since the water could be freezing or staying liquid. Thanks for the comment. Cheers, Dr. A
Suzanne, It will stay fresh much longer? Thanks for the comment, and keep up with the physics! You might also like my new website: www.universityphysics.education Cheers, Dr. A
If this is true and the north pole is one giant ice cube with no land underneath and it is floating then how will ocean level rise if/when this giant ice cube melts? Serious question. Am I incorrect that it's a giant ice cube? Not sure.
When ocean ice melts due to global warming, assuming that the ice is in the same physical conditions like in this video, then it wouldn't make sea levels rise. However, when that happens, we should also look at the warming of the sea in other areas of the world. As temperature goes up, seawater gets less dense, which means the volume of seawater goes up, hence sea levels will rise. This is still not mentioning ice on the ground which, when melted, can add to the seawater volume/rising sea level.
Yes but the north pole is floating ice that only averages 6" in thickness. The south pole has mostly land based ice averaging approximately 2 miles in thickness. The south pole is on average maintaining it's mass overall.
When ocean ice melts due to global warming, assuming that the ice is in the same physical conditions like in this video, then it wouldn't make sea levels rise. However, when that happens, we should also look at the warming of the sea in other areas of the world. As temperature goes up, seawater gets less dense, which means the volume of seawater goes up, hence sea levels will rise. This is still not mentioning ice on the ground which, when melted, can add to the seawater volume/rising sea level.
So since icebergs main mass is inside the water and as ice it is expanded why when it melts the water levels stay the same? It should make the water level drop by a tiny fraction. Thermal expansion is tiny when you are just above the melting point so it makes no sense to take that into account. What am I missing?
What if there was an air bubble in the ice cube? Would it rise the water level? And what if the ice cube was melted from inside ? And what if there was a nail in the ice cube? Thank you!
If there was an air bubble in the cube, the water level would remain the same. If the ice cube was melted from inside, it would not change the outcome. If there was a nail in the ice cube, the water level would fall once the ice cube melted. This last one takes a bit of thinking, so try this: When the nail is in the ice cube, it pushes a lot of water out of the way to hold it up. But when the ice cube melts, the nail sinks to the bottom and the normal force from the floor helps hold it up, thus not as much water gets pushed out of the way. Thus the water level falls. This is a very famous physics problem about a kid in a boat with a load of bricks. Throw the bricks into the water, does the water level rise, fall, or stay the same. Similar scenario, and the water level falls. Good questions, keep them coming. Cheers, Dr. A
greatest artist since that guy from blues clues edit: is he drawing backwards letters? thats crazy GOAT artist confirmed (nvm LG video) edit#2: it fills the space! Mind blown! So if all the ice in the ocean water melted it would "fill the spaces" that the ice took up with water and the level would stay the same, right? *must be floating
When ocean ice melts due to global warming, assuming that the ice is in the same physical conditions like in this video, then it wouldn't make sea levels rise. However, when that happens, we should also look at the warming of the sea in other areas of the world. As temperature goes up, seawater gets less dense, which means the volume of seawater goes up, hence sea levels will rise. This is still not mentioning ice on the ground which, when melted, can add to the seawater volume/rising sea level.
Some interesting comments, Is their sea level rise? Well the records suggest yes and at a whopping rate of almost five inches per century for the past four to six hundred years. Could a cooling trend reverse that, yeah probably but history indicates colder climates have more negative impacts on human existence. Either way, man adapts to nature. Why do I feel I am going to upset someone with this? Oh well.
David Keck you are right about how the cold causes more deaths than warming. I’ve worked with NOAA for the last 38 years, the problem I have with the IPCC sea level models is they neglect to disclose their measurements are effected by the cyclical ENSO phase which greatly effects sea levels rising and falling. They spin the data to fit their climate crisis narrative.
When ocean ice melts due to global warming, assuming that the ice is in the same physical conditions like in this video, then it wouldn't make sea levels rise. However, when that happens, we should also look at the warming of the sea in other areas of the world. As temperature goes up, seawater gets less dense, which means the volume of seawater goes up, hence sea levels will rise. This is still not mentioning ice on the ground which, when melted, can add to the seawater volume/rising sea level.
You arent taking into account the 150+ meters of ice above the water line on these icebergs, that is not affecting any of the water displacement, try stacking your ice a little higer, to represent the ice above water level, and see what results you get.
Also ice at the north pole is floating ice that only averages 6" in thickness. It's melting has no affect on sea level. The ice at the south pole is mostly on land and averages approximately 2 miles in thickness. On average the south pole mass of ice is remaining the same as a whole.
suman tiwari, Not writing backwards (I'm not that talented). The board is called Learning Glass. You can check it out at www.learning.glass Cheers, Dr. A
Hi Breanna, Don't give her a hard time. This is a very tricky question. Now about global warming. If your question relates to sea level rise and why that is happening, I would say this: When icebergs floating around in the ocean melt, the sea level does not change. But when glaciers sitting on solid earth (like on Greenland) melt, that water does run into the ocean and increases the sea level. Thanks for the comments, and keep on asking questions! Cheers, Dr. A
@@yoprofmatt But there is another variable, which is that our landmasses float on a "waterbed" of magma. As mass decreases on the landmass, and transfer that mass to the ocean, would not the landmass rise due to decreased mass on a liquid body (magma) would not the additional mass cause the floor of the ocean to have more displacement? They are different compounds (water & Magma) but wouldn't this explain why despite 100 years of melting of glaciers around the world, that there has been almost no sea rise? Even if the melting water came from Greenland and not Florida, would not Florida also experience a landmass rise due to more mass applied to the ocean floor?
When ocean ice melts due to global warming, assuming that the ice is in the same physical conditions like in this video, then it wouldn't make sea levels rise. However, when that happens, we should also look at the warming of the sea in other areas of the world. As temperature goes up, seawater gets less dense, which means the volume of seawater goes up, hence sea levels will rise. This is still not mentioning ice on the ground which, when melted, can add to the seawater volume/rising sea level.
in this case ice cube is already in the container now coming to your point sea level increase as continuously ice-berg detach from glacier and dropped into water and not all the time it is floating on water ,,,if the mass is higher then it can partly submerged in water then this principle can't work.......
now STEVE just learned TWO Valuable Lessons: 1) that there are things in Physics that are COUNTER Intuitive.... and that common sense isn't all that common... That's the Big Lesson Steve, should take away from this Video.. and 2) the Water level does NOT change....... lol... just wait until Dr Matt comes out with a video about Two Identical Semi Trucks that are Speeding down the highway at 70 mph..SIDE BY SIDE .One truck is Totally LOADED with Goods and weighs 100,000 lbs and the other identical truck is empty and weighs only 20,000 poounds.... otherwise both trucks are Identical in shape and size and same tires, etc. . At a certain point down the Highway they are driving side by side and SLAM on their brakes simultaneously .... the question is, WHICH TRUCK WILL STOP IN THE SHORTEST DISTANCE?.. the Heavier Truck? or the lighter Truck?..... I won't answer here, but the equation is, D, braking distance, = 1/2 (v^2/ug) u = mu = Coefficient of Friction.... v= velocity and g = Gravitation acceleration ....... Good Luck...
by the way... not acounting for air resistance, even a Motorcycle speeding along at 70 mph next to the Semi Truck.. and assuming the Motorcycle's Tires have the same coefficient of friction, both truck and cycle will Stop in the same distance!!.. imagine that?..... GO FIGURE....
+squeakeththewheel There is a video where he demonstrates how he does it. He has a vertical pane of glass, and writes on it normally. He illuminates it from the side, to reduce glare. He sets up the camera at a 90 degree angle to the glass board, and inserts a mirror at 45 degrees, to flip the image. This way, he doesn't need to write backwards on the board, he can face his video audience, and he doesn't need to post-process the footage to flip it.
+squeakeththewheel I'd like to see what it looks like for a live in-person member of his audience. Do they watch him on a much larger mirror? Or on a large monitor? Or watch his transparent board in reverse? It would be kind of like the scene in the Wizard of Oz, where they meet the title character and his elaborate display, only to figure out that it is just a man behind a curtain performing tricks with smoke and mirrors.
hey thick shit .. take a look at the globe why dont you .. and watch a few videos which categorically debunk global warming ... thjey don't even call it global warming any more .. they call it climate change BECAUSE EVERYONE EXCEPT YOU KNOWS THAT GLOBAL WARMING IS BOLLOCKS .. so take your shitty attitude and shove it +orion9k
The Earth is getting warmer they say, but the sea levels haven't risen in Florida, Sydney, NYC, and basically everywhere else. Carbon Dioxide is extremely important for the Earth, because it dies without it. Why do greenhouse growers often use co2 generators? Mt. Etna already put out more carbon than humans. The entire global cooling ---> ozone layer tear ---> global warming ---> climate change SCAM is so the UN can control our lives and get us into a social credit system.
Everyone other than me: wow, science, cool, amazing
Me: how does this dude write backwards??
Eclipse 123,
Not writing backwards (I'm not that talented). The board is called Learning Glass. You can check it out at www.learning.glass
Cheers,
Dr. A
Ok thanks Mr.Anderson
@@yoprofmatt That's too expensive. 4 Grand for a writing board!!
@@yoprofmatt halo mr anderson
I never knew if this kind of youtube video ever existed which could clear my doubt in a millisecond 😂 thanks man !!
Can we understand in below way?
The temperature of the water before melting of ice will be higher but after melting of ice temperature will decreases which make volume decrease but the volume of ice floating above the level of water will counterbalance it so the overall volume of water will remain same.
Mahendrasingh,
Forget temperature, think of it this way: The buoyant force = weight of displaced fluid. The ice has a mass m but it floats because the buoyant force = mg. This amounts to a region of displaced fluid that is exactly equal to the amount of water mass in the iceberg. And when the iceberg melts, it just fills up this region of displaced fluid, thus the level does not change.
Thanks for the comment, and keep up with the physics!
You might also like my new website: www.universityphysics.education
Cheers,
Dr. A
It's easier to explain by noting that water expands as it freezes. Meaning, it gets less dense, allowing it to float. (ie. put water in a plastic container and freeze it and it will rupture the container. Conversely, when ice melts, it becomes more dense.
So, does this prove or disprove rising sea levels as arctic ice melts?
I think some of the ice is not floating on water but part of the earth's crust, so its like adding new water.
This disproves it.
@@vik24oct1991I think some of the frozen water isn't floating though and when that melts it will lower the level. Therefore likely to balance it out.
When Arctic and Antarctic ice melt due to global warming, we should also look at the warming of the sea in other areas of the world. As temperature goes up, seawater gets less dense, which means the volume of seawater goes up, hence sea levels will rise.
Thank you Matt.
Hello Professor, this is my first time here. I'd like to ask, why the water level does not decrease after adding ice cubes? Because the volume they displace should be equivalent to the visible dimensions of the cube, but as it melts into the denser, more compact liquid form, there should be reduction in space required, thus reduction in the water level from the point when the cube was just released into the bucket, when the total level is volume of water + volume of cube(s)?
That's what I thought but I guess it depends
@@dewott9958 on what?
@@TheBhartiyaTrainee How many airbubbles for exaple, the size of the ice is bigger but the inside is hollow, that means theres less water but bigger surface.
This whole concept is in my JEE exam syllabus... There are three cases mentioned in book
If density of substance = density of water
If density of substance > density of water
If density of substance< density of water
Which book r u quoting ? Irodiv ? Ncert ?
@@amantedecapaldi4037 dc pandey
Dr. Anderson, could you please explain why the water level increases in the case where the ice is initially stacked all the way to the bottom of the container and elevates way above the initial water level? Could this be explained by the fact that the weight of the ice would now be equal to the sum of the buoyant force and the normal force that the bottom of the container exerts on the ice?
If the ice is stacked from the bottom, you could stack it as high as wanted. If it’s stacked 3 foot high, there’s no way all that melting ice can fit in the container. All that weight isn’t accounted for in the displacement because it’s weight is held by its own structure. Hope I worded this in a way that helps.
Before seeing the answer I would like to try and give an answer even if I risk getting it wrong or looking like a fool.
My idea is that the weight of the ice displaces the water around it and so when the ice melts the weight of that added water (once an ice cube) should remain the same so the water should not rise.
+Tzimnewman3
Bingo! Nice job.
Cheers, Dr. A
Sure, this is mostly right and you could correlate it to what is happening to our Ocean. Except that a lot of the ice that is/has melted was on land. So take a cup of ice water that is at the brim and ADD more ice. Then tell me what happens.
Grant Zimmerman correct. he specifically states at the end of the video that the situation is different if the “ice is stacked all the way to the bottom and reaches way up high” so I think he is referring ro melting of the ice caps and how this concept cannot be applied to disprove rising sea levels
The ice at the north pole is floating. There is no land under it and it only averages about 6" thick. This is the mass that they talk about getting smaller. It would not raise the water level.
The ice at the south pole is on land mostly, averages about 2 miles thick and has on average been maintaining it's mass. Some areas will melt a bit while others are gaining mass.
@@_MKE thing is the vast majority of ice on land is in no danger of melting only the ice on water and land 2000km away from the pole reach temperatures capable of causing melt , and while the glaciers are slowly melting the sea ice is actually growing believe it of not , i honestly think climate change is not a real presiding worry to mankind at the moment . population growth scares me
Really impressed sir .....Ur the one person who makes me understand the topic
Thank you, glad to be of help.
Cheers,
Dr. A
+Matt Anderson Sir, may I know if this phenomenon is temperature dependent? . I'm asking this because the density of water depends on temperature. Also, if the phenomenon is temperature dependent, what happens to level of water at 0°C, 3°C, 20°C.
+Karthik Bonda
Karthik, great point!
Of course, the density of water varies very little with temperature so we can likely neglect it.
In fact, from 20° C to 0° C (room temperature to near freezing), the density increases by only about 0.2%. In fact, over the whole range from 0° C to 100° C (not including freezing or boiling, of course), the density varies by only 4%. There's a great graph here: www.engineeringtoolbox.com/water-density-specific-weight-d_595.html
Cheers,
Dr. A
+Matt Anderson Thank you sir !!. May I know if it is possible to comment on the temperature dependence if the variations in density are considerable?
+Matt Anderson sir and what about hydrogen bonding.As ice occupies more volume due to hydrogen bonding.
In the case of presence of an air bubble, wouldn't the air have some mass? Let's consider Vo to be the immersed volume initially. Now, after the ice melts, wouldn't the volume that is created due to the melting of the ice be a bit lesser Vo since the mass of the air isn't considered? This would result in a slight decrease in the water level. Or do we say it doesn't change at all since this height difference is almost negligible due to air being so light? Mathematically treating this case :sigma = density of water, V = Total volume of the ice cube. [m(air) + m(ice) ]* g = sigma * Vo * g ==> Vo = [m(air) + m(ice) ]/sigma. Now after the ice melts, the volume generated would be = m(ice)/sigma which is clearly lesser than Vo.
Hold on one sec. The total mass of water does not change as the ice cubes melt, but since the portion of water that used to be ice is now less dense it is going to take up less space. Plus, there is no ice cube pushing up the level of water up so i would expect the level of water to fall. What am i missing here?
Michele F,
This is a tricky one. The ice cube certainly takes up less space than it used to, but it occupies exactly the amount of water that it displaced when it was floating.
Thanks for the comment, and keep up with the physics!
You might also like my new website: www.universityphysics.education
Cheers,
Dr. A
Omg, this is the one🫶🏻🫶🏻🫶🏻✨
So this could explain that glaciers aren't really raising sea levels.
Icebergs yes but not glaciers. Glaciers don't float on the sea. They're on ground.
When ocean ice melts due to global warming, assuming that the ice is pure water like in this video, then it wouldn't make sea levels rise. However, when that happens, we should also look at the warming of the sea in other areas of the world. As temperature goes up, seawater gets less dense, which means the volume of seawater goes up, hence sea levels will rise.
@@carlo2151 as long as we don't spread the wrong information. Warmer climates will cause sea levels to rise automatically but glaciers will melt anyway, not affecting sea levels
I still can't agree with this!!!!! In it's most simple terms, is it because water in it's frozen state, takes up less room than when in its liquid form?
AMAZING PHYSICS LECTURES! I LEARN A LOT!
Impossible to exactly stay the same. Concentration of air in the ice and density are a factor. So answer is it will never rise.
Great
I think there's some chemistry behind this[the bond length between water molecules in ice and water could explain this scenario]
*Melting polar ice caps that will allegedly raise sea levels has left the chat*-
The relevant polar ice caps are on land …
When ocean ice melts due to global warming, assuming that the ice is in the same physical conditions like in this video, then it wouldn't make sea levels rise. However, when that happens, we should also look at the warming of the sea in other areas of the world. As temperature goes up, seawater gets less dense, which means the volume of seawater goes up, hence sea levels will rise.
This is still not mentioning ice on the ground which, when melted, can add to the seawater volume/rising sea level.
Cool teacher...cool concept
But... Water expands when frozen so when it melts the volume will decrease by a little bit, lowering the level of the water. Does this make sense?
hii sir .. actually i wanna ask u something. . acc to u when ice melts water level remains same and i too agree but many a times we hear that polar ice is melting and water level is really rising .. but how is that possible. . can u plzz explain?
that means global warming leads to sea level rise is fake news
@@avitaprofide I think some of the Antarctic ice isn't floating on water but its attached to earth's crust on which the seas exist, so it will change the water level as it was not floating in water to begin with.
When ocean ice melts due to global warming, assuming that the ice is pure water like in this video, then it wouldn't make sea levels rise. However, when that happens, we should also look at the warming of the sea in other areas of the world. As temperature goes up, seawater gets less dense, which means the volume of seawater goes up, hence sea levels will rise.
This is still not mentioning ice on the ground which, when melted, can add to the seawater volume/rising sea level.
jeez, i knew that as a casual observation, and because i was told about how water orients itself as a 'crystalline' structure due do the slight delta charges it carries. I worry about american education standards, although australia is also failing to educate people beyond the level of a 10 year old from the 1950's (but it is far more important that america is failing). This is a serious issue, you should be diving into quantum mechanics from day one of a first year undergraduate course. I can't imagine how you stay so calm about it?
Matt I m confused a little her: u said that Ph20*volume(underneath)= mass of ice
so we can conclude that Ph20*volume underneath= P of ice* volume of ice.
according to this since density of ice is less than water so more volume of ice will be melted down so volume of water formed wouldn't be more that volume(underneath)
Not sure I understand your question. Can you restate it?
Cheers,
Dr. A
But should it not change slightly? When the ice is initially floating, the volume of water it displaces will lead to an increase in height of water in the container uniformly, except in the portion where the ice cube is protruding. After all the ice has melted, the volume of water displaced will come back and fill the void created by melted ice, but the water obtained from melted ice will lead to an increase in water's height uniformly even in the area where the ice cube was protruding. As volume is same and the area has increased, height should fall slightly.
Wait, do you spell everything backwards so it comes of the right side on camera?
I know it’s been a long time but I hope you see this. It’s bothering me for a long time. I ask so many people, everyone says it remains the same. However, when the ice cubes melt, as the water gets cooler, shouldn’t it be more dense which causes the water level decreases
I think the ice would still be more dense than the water because it would still be floating.
I would like to file a complaint about the squeaky marker.
Herons fountain produced heat ?
Since if we run it for long time ?
I have an issue with this example since people often use it as an attempted proof against sea level rise. Ice cubes don't sit above the water. They sit nearly level with it when free floating. The ice being referred to in the proof of sea level rise is above sea level. There are millions of cubic miles of ice at the poles NOT in the water. Ad that to our oceans and you have a notable volume change. That's not even getting into the chemical composition of the water and the effect that has on life and weather. But yeah, ice cubes and cups of tap water are great.
do you write mirrored or is a camera trick?
Trick.
Cheers,
Dr. A
Thank you ! Such an awesome teacher 💓
rodger,
You're very welcome. Glad you're enjoying the videos.
You might also like my new site: www.universityphysics.education
Cheers,
Dr. A
this concept is exactly what my university asked in exam.......
hahaha... when steve says "cool".. Like alright whatever man
If the object is not ice, but, for example, wood, would the water level then rise?
if the cup is filed first with ice all the way to the top then filled with water to the top it will create a bulged at the top that wont break until touched go to your kitchen and try it
It’s perfect for health ?
Steve passed the vibe check
Camilla Savelieva,
Thanks for the comment, and keep up with the physics!
You might also like my new website: www.universityphysics.education
Cheers,
Dr. A
Is the dude in the vid talking to the voice over for organic chemistry?
you should have shown the actual sample.. ordinary people would not understand your physics.
so if icebergs melt, no rise in sea level?/?????? I was taught that water level does not rise with melting ice but newspapers say they do rise so got confused
thanks
Floating ice that melts, sea level stays the same.
Ice on land (like Greenland ice sheet), sea level increases.
Cheers,
Dr. A
@@yoprofmatt So climate change is truly BS.
You can test this your self at home with a cup and ice if your that confused.
@@marklanders6833 When ocean ice melts due to global warming, assuming that the ice is in the same physical conditions like in this video, then it wouldn't make sea levels rise. However, when that happens, we should also look at the warming of the sea in other areas of the world. As temperature goes up, seawater gets less dense, which means the volume of seawater goes up, hence sea levels will rise.
This is still not mentioning ice on the ground which, when melted, can add to the seawater volume/rising sea level.
@@carlo2151 Please let's leave sci-fi and fairy-tails where they belong. The state in which the water is found, whether it's _liquid, solid_ or _gas,_ does not have any effect on the mass.
And as I need _not_ say more, let's leave it at that.
u r the only person who makes me understand this topic. .. i m really impressed by u and u got a new subscriber sir .. and tomorrow is my physics examination I hope I secure good marks .. thanks again😁
I'm sure you'll do well on your exam. And if not, blame me.
Thanks for the comments.
Cheers,
Dr. A
If the density of ice is less than that of water, then when it melts it will fill up just a tiny bit of less space if water was supposed to be in place of ice, so we might not see it with the naked eye but the little volume left will decrease the a very small fraction of water which means that the water level has to decrease
Incorrect. The amount of water it displaced is exactly equal its weight, which when it turns into water just exactly matches this space.
Cheers,
Dr. A
If fresh ice and water doesnt rise when melting and ..If iceberg are made of fresh water and meting in salt water and salt is more dense then water ..then the water level doesn't rise but only drop as it's mixing with something more dense and slowly gets his way to the bottom ...
So either:
(a) icecaps melting has exactly ZERO correlation to rising sea levels OR
(b) icecaps are touching earth and are raised above their natural floating level such that their melting can raise sea levels
*EXACTLY!* So - the real question is _WHERE_ is the ice melting on our planet?
(a) North Pole - Has no land under the ice (and no Santa Claus)
(b) South Pole - Has the continent Antarctica (a land mass) beneath the ice, supporting the mass, not buoyancy
> Only ice melting at the South Pole would have an impact on water levels
Ice caps are fresh water. That means that once it melts, it has a lower density than the salty sea water. The professor's problem only considered ice that was made of the same solution as the water.
@@IAmLollos a true, seemingly interesting, but physically irrelevant point
@@johnpfmcguire I was responding to your comment regarding rising sea levels. Fresh frozen water floating in dense salt water does cause it to rise when it melts.
The salinity of seawater is not high enough for this to make a significant difference. Also the oceans are getting saltier as more minerals are being added from runoff, so if this were an issue it would be becoming less of an issue over time.
What about the salinity in ocean water factor? Does that change things? Extrapolated over to 'climate change' claims: Floating ice masses may not increase sea levels but would land-bound, glacial melts and run off or accumulation from flooding?
Hi John,
Excellent point! Thanks for the comment.
In fact when floating icebergs melt they DO increase the sea level slightly because icebergs are fresh water and the ocean is salt water. But this effect is very small (certainly small compared to melting of land-based ice). You can solve it quickly and see that the volume of the melted iceberg is bigger than the (formerly) displaced volume by this ratio: Density of salt water / Density of fresh water = 1027/1000 = 1.027. So the melted iceberg takes up 2.7% more volume. Here's a good link: www.newscientist.com/article/dn18841-melting-icebergs-boost-sea-level-rise/
Cheers,
Dr. A
a number of factors (temperature, salinity etc) will make a very marginal difference yes ..
but to all intents and purposes, the guy is right ...
OK Ade. Thanks.
What happen if the temp. of water (where the ice float )at 0°c and 4°c and above 4°c ??
Good question. In our experiment, we are assuming that water has more or less the same density at different temperatures (other than when it turns to ice). This is an okay assumption but strictly speaking it is not exactly true.
At 4°c, water has its highest density. This means that an ice cube floating in 4°c water will be sticking up the most, since it has to displace a smaller volume of water to balance its weight. When it melts, however, this requires some heat. If the block of ice turns into 4°c water, it will still just fill this exact volume and the water level will not change. But if the melting block of ice turns into 3°c water, then it lowers the overall temperature of the water, and the entire water level will increase slightly.
Conversely, if the water is at 5°c and the melting block of ice lowers the overall temperature to 4°c, then the water level will decrease slightly.
Note, however, that these corrections in density for a degree or two on either side of 4°c are on the order of one part in 10,000.
At 0°c, it gets tricky since ice crystals start forming in the water. So it's tough to say what will happen since the water could be freezing or staying liquid.
Thanks for the comment.
Cheers,
Dr. A
If an air bubble or a solid matter ( iron) in the ice then what happen ??
@@yoprofmatt someone asked me what about differences between salt and fresh water?
Also we should think about the salt in the oceans .That changes everithing too ,isnt it ?
What happens if you cover the top of the glass with Saran Wrap?
Suzanne,
It will stay fresh much longer?
Thanks for the comment, and keep up with the physics!
You might also like my new website: www.universityphysics.education
Cheers,
Dr. A
If this is true and the north pole is one giant ice cube with no land underneath and it is floating then how will ocean level rise if/when this giant ice cube melts? Serious question. Am I incorrect that it's a giant ice cube? Not sure.
When ocean ice melts due to global warming, assuming that the ice is in the same physical conditions like in this video, then it wouldn't make sea levels rise. However, when that happens, we should also look at the warming of the sea in other areas of the world. As temperature goes up, seawater gets less dense, which means the volume of seawater goes up, hence sea levels will rise.
This is still not mentioning ice on the ground which, when melted, can add to the seawater volume/rising sea level.
if the amount of ice in a cup water after melting stays the same why is it that the water level of our earth rising due to melting of ice caps?
It's not.
???Then what about glaciers in sea, does the level of Sea will increase or not by global warming¿¿¿
becaus the density of sea water is higher than pure water
Well a lot of ice is on land so when it melts it will raise the water level.The ice melting in the water will not raise the water level
Sea rise comes from ice that melts on top of land and flows into the ocean
Yes but the north pole is floating ice that only averages 6" in thickness.
The south pole has mostly land based ice averaging approximately 2 miles in thickness. The south pole is on average maintaining it's mass overall.
So how would the arctic flood the earth if it melts
It wouldn't. Science is awesome 👍.
When ocean ice melts due to global warming, assuming that the ice is in the same physical conditions like in this video, then it wouldn't make sea levels rise. However, when that happens, we should also look at the warming of the sea in other areas of the world. As temperature goes up, seawater gets less dense, which means the volume of seawater goes up, hence sea levels will rise.
This is still not mentioning ice on the ground which, when melted, can add to the seawater volume/rising sea level.
He looks like Benedict Cumberbatch
Btw i liked the way he explained with every little detail now i know the answer thanks!
So since icebergs main mass is inside the water and as ice it is expanded why when it melts the water levels stay the same? It should make the water level drop by a tiny fraction. Thermal expansion is tiny when you are just above the melting point so it makes no sense to take that into account. What am I missing?
This is the explanation I've been looking for
Helped me with my progect thanks a lot so much 👍🏻😻
Always happy to help with progects.
Cheers,
Dr. A
also projects too !
thankyou so much for this video x
Steve is correct not mass of the total water in the container will increase bt not volume..
Sorry. Mass will increase bt not volume..
Dis directed by Vince Gilligan?
The only video that helped me to understand
Sorry to hear that, but glad to be of help.
Cheers,
Dr. A
we need more teachers like this in todays school system....
I'll start the cloning process. Thanks much.
Cheers,
Dr. A
What if there was an air bubble in the ice cube? Would it rise the water level?
And what if the ice cube was melted from inside ?
And what if there was a nail in the ice cube? Thank you!
If there was an air bubble in the cube, the water level would remain the same.
If the ice cube was melted from inside, it would not change the outcome.
If there was a nail in the ice cube, the water level would fall once the ice cube melted. This last one takes a bit of thinking, so try this: When the nail is in the ice cube, it pushes a lot of water out of the way to hold it up. But when the ice cube melts, the nail sinks to the bottom and the normal force from the floor helps hold it up, thus not as much water gets pushed out of the way. Thus the water level falls. This is a very famous physics problem about a kid in a boat with a load of bricks. Throw the bricks into the water, does the water level rise, fall, or stay the same. Similar scenario, and the water level falls.
Good questions, keep them coming.
Cheers,
Dr. A
Matt Anderson
Thank you so much, you really helped me!
You're very welcome. Thanks for commenting, and keep up with the physics.
Cheers,
Dr. A
@@yoprofmatt What would happen if the ice is stacked all the way to the bottom?
this was exactly what I was looking for, thanks a lot Dr. A!
Dry ice floating or not ?
greatest artist since that guy from blues clues
edit: is he drawing backwards letters? thats crazy GOAT artist confirmed (nvm LG video)
edit#2: it fills the space! Mind blown! So if all the ice in the ocean water melted it would "fill the spaces" that the ice took up with water and the level would stay the same, right? *must be floating
I'm definitely know the world over for my art skills.
Cheers,
Dr. A
Yes for anything that's floating. If the ice is stacked above in a massive tower or coming off land though, then the water level will rise.
Sooo... what about climate changed induced sea level rising?
When ocean ice melts due to global warming, assuming that the ice is in the same physical conditions like in this video, then it wouldn't make sea levels rise. However, when that happens, we should also look at the warming of the sea in other areas of the world. As temperature goes up, seawater gets less dense, which means the volume of seawater goes up, hence sea levels will rise.
This is still not mentioning ice on the ground which, when melted, can add to the seawater volume/rising sea level.
poor Steve gettingbullied and put on the spot haha hearts for Steve
Great
Thanks for the comment.
Cheers,
Dr. A
Thank you for silencing my student who thinks he knows everything.
Some interesting comments, Is their sea level rise? Well the records suggest yes and at a whopping rate of almost five inches per century for the past four to six hundred years. Could a cooling trend reverse that, yeah probably but history indicates colder climates have more negative impacts on human existence. Either way, man adapts to nature. Why
do I feel I am going to upset someone with this? Oh well.
David Keck you are right about how the cold causes more deaths than warming. I’ve worked with NOAA for the last 38 years, the problem I have with the IPCC sea level models is they neglect to disclose their measurements are effected by the cyclical ENSO phase which greatly effects sea levels rising and falling. They spin the data to fit their climate crisis narrative.
When ocean ice melts due to global warming, assuming that the ice is in the same physical conditions like in this video, then it wouldn't make sea levels rise. However, when that happens, we should also look at the warming of the sea in other areas of the world. As temperature goes up, seawater gets less dense, which means the volume of seawater goes up, hence sea levels will rise.
This is still not mentioning ice on the ground which, when melted, can add to the seawater volume/rising sea level.
The water level will remain the same.
You arent taking into account the 150+ meters of ice above the water line on these icebergs, that is not affecting any of the water displacement, try stacking your ice a little higer, to represent the ice above water level, and see what results you get.
When the ice is floating and you put more on top, then the ice pushes down and displaces more water. It's still the same. No change.
Also ice at the north pole is floating ice that only averages 6" in thickness. It's melting has no affect on sea level.
The ice at the south pole is mostly on land and averages approximately 2 miles in thickness. On average the south pole mass of ice is remaining the same as a whole.
How can u write inverted
suman tiwari,
Not writing backwards (I'm not that talented). The board is called Learning Glass. You can check it out at www.learning.glass
Cheers,
Dr. A
my biology teacher said it would decrease!! Then she wanted to know why global warming was happening. I'm done.
Hi Breanna,
Don't give her a hard time. This is a very tricky question.
Now about global warming. If your question relates to sea level rise and why that is happening, I would say this: When icebergs floating around in the ocean melt, the sea level does not change. But when glaciers sitting on solid earth (like on Greenland) melt, that water does run into the ocean and increases the sea level.
Thanks for the comments, and keep on asking questions!
Cheers,
Dr. A
+Matt Anderson thank you
@@yoprofmatt But there is another variable, which is that our landmasses float on a "waterbed" of magma. As mass decreases on the landmass, and transfer that mass to the ocean, would not the landmass rise due to decreased mass on a liquid body (magma) would not the additional mass cause the floor of the ocean to have more displacement? They are different compounds (water & Magma) but wouldn't this explain why despite 100 years of melting of glaciers around the world, that there has been almost no sea rise? Even if the melting water came from Greenland and not Florida, would not Florida also experience a landmass rise due to more mass applied to the ocean floor?
Asambhav😂😂.
what if the cube is alcohol?
Oh uh. Someone should tell the climate people the sea level won’t rise when the ice melts.
For floating icebergs, this is true. But land-based ice will certainly elevate the oceans.
Cheers,
Dr. A
When ocean ice melts due to global warming, assuming that the ice is in the same physical conditions like in this video, then it wouldn't make sea levels rise. However, when that happens, we should also look at the warming of the sea in other areas of the world. As temperature goes up, seawater gets less dense, which means the volume of seawater goes up, hence sea levels will rise.
This is still not mentioning ice on the ground which, when melted, can add to the seawater volume/rising sea level.
All the scientist saying that if ice turned into water then sea level increases ????
in this case ice cube is already in the container now coming to your point sea level increase as continuously ice-berg detach from glacier and dropped into water and not all the time it is floating on water ,,,if the mass is higher then it can partly submerged in water then this principle can't work.......
Can this guy write backwards?
now STEVE just learned TWO Valuable Lessons: 1) that there are things in Physics that are COUNTER Intuitive.... and that common sense isn't all that common... That's the Big Lesson Steve, should take away from this Video.. and 2) the Water level does NOT change....... lol... just wait until Dr Matt comes out with a video about Two Identical Semi Trucks that are Speeding down the highway at 70 mph..SIDE BY SIDE .One truck is Totally LOADED with Goods and weighs 100,000 lbs and the other identical truck is empty and weighs only 20,000 poounds.... otherwise both trucks are Identical in shape and size and same tires, etc. . At a certain point down the Highway they are driving side by side and SLAM on their brakes simultaneously .... the question is, WHICH TRUCK WILL STOP IN THE SHORTEST DISTANCE?.. the Heavier Truck? or the lighter Truck?..... I won't answer here, but the equation is, D, braking distance, = 1/2 (v^2/ug) u = mu = Coefficient of Friction.... v= velocity and g = Gravitation acceleration ....... Good Luck...
by the way... not acounting for air resistance, even a Motorcycle speeding along at 70 mph next to the Semi Truck.. and assuming the Motorcycle's Tires have the same coefficient of friction, both truck and cycle will Stop in the same distance!!.. imagine that?..... GO FIGURE....
Excellent, Philip. Great example.
Cheers,
Dr. A
No, it's going to stay the same.
good thing this scenario has no bearing on why sea level rise occurs, otherwise this video would mislead thousands of... *reads comments* nevermind
How is he writing 🙃
What if its not floating
How does he do that?!
Ikr!!!!
+squeakeththewheel
There is a video where he demonstrates how he does it. He has a vertical pane of glass, and writes on it normally. He illuminates it from the side, to reduce glare.
He sets up the camera at a 90 degree angle to the glass board, and inserts a mirror at 45 degrees, to flip the image. This way, he doesn't need to write backwards on the board, he can face his video audience, and he doesn't need to post-process the footage to flip it.
+squeakeththewheel
I'd like to see what it looks like for a live in-person member of his audience. Do they watch him on a much larger mirror? Or on a large monitor? Or watch his transparent board in reverse?
It would be kind of like the scene in the Wizard of Oz, where they meet the title character and his elaborate display, only to figure out that it is just a man behind a curtain performing tricks with smoke and mirrors.
Stays the same
so global warming is bollocks right ?
All the ice that lays on the mainland will add to sea level if it melts - Duh...
hey thick shit .. take a look at the globe why dont you .. and watch a few videos which categorically debunk global warming ... thjey don't even call it global warming any more .. they call it climate change BECAUSE EVERYONE EXCEPT YOU KNOWS THAT GLOBAL WARMING IS BOLLOCKS .. so take your shitty attitude and shove it +orion9k
The humid will be higher - that's all.
The Earth is getting warmer they say, but the sea levels haven't risen in Florida, Sydney, NYC, and basically everywhere else.
Carbon Dioxide is extremely important for the Earth, because it dies without it. Why do greenhouse growers often use co2 generators?
Mt. Etna already put out more carbon than humans. The entire global cooling ---> ozone layer tear ---> global warming ---> climate change SCAM is so the UN can control our lives and get us into a social credit system.
Thank u sir . 🌈🌈🌈
Falls
Thank you sir
You are very welcome. Keep up with the physics.
Cheers,
Dr. A
I never realized this is true......
AOC sendt me here, because I'm a hillbilly.
Climate police is on the way ;)
stays the same
Thank u sir too much
You are welcome too much.
Cheers,
Dr. A
2018 watching
Soon 2019 watching.
Cheers,
Dr. A
@@yoprofmatt Already watching
The very last comment is false u can have a full cup of ice stacked to top and fill cup to brim and melt with no over flow
*Check m8 Greta*