A better description of entropy
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- เผยแพร่เมื่อ 10 พ.ค. 2024
- I use this stirling engine to explain entropy. Entropy is normally described as a measure of disorder but I don't think that's helpful. Here's a better description.
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The reason that train isn't moving is because the driver wants to postpone the heat death of the universe by not increasing entropy.
+Gordon X. Frohman :)
Gordon X. Frohman Hahaha!!!😀
@aud_io a great way of extending the life of the universe, but alas still does not prevent the inevitable end
@aud_io to turn off the fusion reaction youd have to figure out a way to negate gravity, it's the gravitational pull of an star that makes the core dense enough to fuse, so in order to stop fusion youd have to cancel out all of the pressure caused by gravity
@aud_io But you would increase entropy by trying to stop the fusion in stars. The energy it would take to do that, would probably be more than if we just let it happen.
Sir, you are a huge clump of energy and enthusiasm!
But Steve is an exception to the rule - he spreads the energy around all the time, but it never loses its magic.
Check Out our Video on Entropy!!
th-cam.com/video/pKGhC2GKpm8/w-d-xo.html
Once we watched this video and understood it and are as clever as him in this particular 11:42 mins of subject, we will not watch it again, does that prove knowledge or emotional entropy
First watched this video when I was in high school, found it absolutely fascinating and was at a time in my life where videos like yours were interesting me into pursuing STEM education.
Now, years later, doing my MEng degree and learning about thermodynamics, stirling engines, etc in university, so I came back here to recap (you explained it a lot better than my lecturer). Thank you for your contribution to the educations of myself and so many others
Currently watching this for the exact same reason
Noice👍
This really bridged the gap for me between the statistical “ping pong ball” analogies ive heard, and the teachings of physically irreversible processes when describing entropy. Great video!
I want someone to look at me the way Steve looks at his Stirling engine
I'd never have thought of that! More like "why doesn't he take his face out of the way so I can see the engine". Thank God for the difference.
Well he looks at the engine so he can figure out how it works. But no matter how long a mans observations of a women, he knows he will never figure her out.
@@themask706 you have touched on an excellent point..in fact females or shall we say gynovoltaic engines have typically taken all of the energy i have ever given them and efficiently shared it with the rest of the universe..relieving me of the burden of storing it. Thankyou ladies!
@Clutch Inson. I too have pumped a steady stream of explosive energy via ‘small bangs’ into a continuous array of gynovoltaic engines over time in my endeavour to understand the nature of the universe and experience entropy first hand.
Sean- one of my small bangs has grown big enough to borrow the car ! May you continue your explosive research..and may your experiements confirm and exceed your wildest hypothesis.
Entropy increases and so does my understanding of entropy, thanks to this video!
Great!
P Hampton I don't want to play with that fire too much, but there is following phenomena: syntropy. This the new organization. E.g. when one's organization gets bad, and it gets reorganized; etc...etc...
So...
Battery charged: Low entropy
Battery discharged: High entropy?
So entropy is kind of the opposite of available energy?
Erick Lopes yep
@@ericklopes4046 Usable energy anyway. I suppose that's splitting hairs, though. Entropy increases as one runs steam through a turbine and enthalpy decreases. Then one condenses it and pumps it back to the boiler where entropy is decreased and enthalpy increased so it can be sent back to the turbine to do more useful work. Enthalpy is order and thus usable energy where entropy is disordered unusable energy.
I have a degree in mechanical engineering from a respectable university. I did thousands of thermodinamical calculations using entropy. Yet, you helped me understand entropy better... thank you!
Did entropy increase when you substituted an “i” in “thermodynamical” for the “y”? Or, maybe you’re an engineer, not an English major :) ?
I like how ppl complain about spelling, in a time when AI is almost ready to spell correct everything. Worrying about spelling is about the dumbest thing you can do.
Also, I'm an astronaut millionaire.
@@TotalDec ALMOST ready? When AI finally gets it right, then I’ll take comments seriously. Until then, I’ll just skip reading comments with poor spelling, no punctuation and illiterate grammar. If you can’t bother to proof your comments or learn how to spell, why should I try to translate your incomprehensible posts?
Astronaut millionaire? Sure! An Astronaut who can’t spell is the dumbest thing you can do. Can you even count?
@@quixote5844 🤓☝️
I have a degree in CS and our teacher took the statistical approach to entropy. He thought it connected well with CS subjects like information theory and he even wrote a physics textbook for CS students. Top notch.
Thank you so much for this video Steve! Studying thermodynamics at uni right now, and this video is the ONLY one that I have understood. Physics, nature and our universe is just so beautiful, and your video made that ever more clear to me!
I wish we had TH-cam when I did my physics degree thirty five years ago. It would have made many concepts less of a struggle to get my head around (And I probably would have got a higher classification!)
Surely you would have known this before studying that at uni, right?
This particular way of describing entropy is why you always find your earbud cords always tangled up: *there’s only 1 way* to have the cords straight and untangled but, as you jostle them around in your pocket or backpack, *there’s a myriad of ways* for them to become tangled.
I sometimes think earbud cords tangle even when they're not being jostled, just confined like in a desk drawer.
yeah but theres always lots of other orderly ways to have a pair of earbuds that aren't tangled. not just one...
Maybe entanglement is inverse to dimensionality. A loop in 3d becomes a knot when the dimensions are reduced to 2d under conditions of confinement like a backpack or desk drawer. Entropy means the knot or entanglement doesn't revert to a loop on re-exposure to 3d, so the cord is still in a tangle even after opening the desk drawer again.
that doesn't explain why you never plug usb the right way though
@@danielterra4773 Sometimes you do, but it's less often than not, so that's what we remember. We're also tricked by our eyes, we think it should be a 50/50 chance that the USB is the correct way around, but it's one out of three: USB plugs are in fact four-dimensional objects, requiring you to turn it 180 degrees TWICE to rotate the plug to the superposition where it will fit the socket. ;)
I'm an Aerospace Engineer, studied at the University of Maryland. This is by far the best explanation of Entropy I've ever heard. You get into another level of complexity when solving for Entropy (S) as a function of heat transfer (Q) and absolute temperature (T), but having this foundational understanding gives context to really comprehend your solution. Good stuff!
+Angelo Collins thank you!
Thanks a lot for the video! I struggled to understand what entropy really is, when I was first introduced to it at University (I’m still in first year physics). After watching this video it makes so much sense now! The way you defined it relating to the spreading out of energy helped me so much!
how is aerospace @ Maryland? I'll be applying to colleges next fall, for Ms.
tsm
sorry but the earth is flat
Information spread over degrees of freedom to be more specific :p
Hey mr.steve i really like your in depth definations the afterwards knowledge we have after watching your videos is just off the charts really appreciate your hardwork and thanks for educating these various complex yet beautiful topics hats off to you man
Thanks, Steve! I had the basic idea, but you really brought it home for me. And that was a nice tie-in to the heat death of the Universe.
"An argument can be made that time is itself a statistical phenomenon."
You're just gonna leave it there? Please go on. Seriously. Help. Go on. Tell me more.
Hello!
@@NeilMarcellini Hi there
I could explain this to you if you want to but you’re gonna have to wait till I’m on a computer and not about to go to bed. Cause I’m on my phone.
And in bed. Reply to this so I remember
@@hudsoncaceres6820 That would be helpful! Thanks!
@@hudsoncaceres6820 still waiting
So they had Stirling engines but no ice? One weird train indeed.
+Frederik Tessmann haha! Yes, very strange.
They save the ice to power the Sterling engines that run the train... ;-)
It's only a half train.
It's not a train, it's just clever green screening!
Er, if you gave it a moment's thought I think you would see that it's far more likely they had both, but you were only allowed to choose one or the other.
Absolutely great video! Not only your definition of entropy is, in my opinion, a lot better than the "measure of disorder" one, but also yours was the very best explanation of how the Stirling engine works (I love Sterling engines).
Your way to explain stuff is second to none.
Thank you.
You make complex subjects simple and fascinating . I can’t ask for more than that.
What I came for: better understanding of entropy
What I left with: existential anxiety about the heat death of the universe
Yes yes yes that's what im processing too!!
Definitely 😂 Heyy, Kayla. I know you from your studygram :))
don't worry you won't be around besides way before heat death occurs the Milky Way and our neighboring galaxy Andromeda will collide and our spec of a solar system will be no more. so don't fret ;)
@@redpillpusher I doubt that. There's a uniqueness to our home system and should humanity exist by then (and I very much expect it should) we ought to have the technology and infrastructure to keep such an important star safe.
You won't live long enough for it to become a problem so relax
I finally understand, after so many videos and articles - now, the clumped energy of my frustration has been dispersed! Thank you!
It would be very nice if there was a universal law that said frustration would always tend to become dispersed. It seems the opposite may be true.
😄
Check Out our Video on Entropy!!
th-cam.com/video/pKGhC2GKpm8/w-d-xo.html
Recently found, and subscribed to, your channel. Good goodness but this is a much more reasonable definition of entropy. You've added a bit of happy to my world. Thanks, dude!
You ought to do a video about that sodium acetate hand warmer you used. They’re really a pretty brilliant example of the latent heat of fusion given off when you have a phase change from liquors to solid. Orange farmers in Florida use the same phenomenon in water to protect oranges from freezing. They spray water on them and when the water freezes it keeps the oranges from freezing.
Liquors you say?
@@linuslundquist3501 - Liquid to solid is what he meant, a phase change.
I know, but it was a funny typo@@WJV9
"Entropy is a measure of how spread out your energy is." PERFECT!
05:27 to 06:10 bookmark for myself to keep revisiting the definition
The CO2 pseudoscience is so spread that even a guy have a channel talking science parroting CO2-global warming nonsense. It is sad to see so many people not using their head, taking the liberal media's position as truth.
@@seanleith5312 Hello! You've reached the TH-cam Reply Hotline.
Please press 1 for troll, 2 for idiot, or 3 for joke.
@@aidenlilley1319 3
@@seanleith5312 I feel bad for people like you who can't understand very basic science concepts. The truth of the matter is that some materials absorb infrared radiation (heat) better than others. That's a well established fact. For example, CO2 absorbs infrared radiation much better than nitrogen or oxygen. This can result in heat from the sun becoming trapped in the atmosphere as it bounces between the ground and CO2 in the air (in the form of infrared radiation).
You can argue how much of an impact this has on the global climate, but here's another couple of well established facts. The Earth's temperature is rising, and the amount of CO2 in the atmosphere is rising as well. The heat-trapping I mentioned is evidence that they aren't simply correlated. CO2 is causing a temperature increase.
@@mattn.8941 Your description has something mixed up. If the CO2 ABSORBS the infrared radiation (your first claim), then it is not "bouncing between the ground and CO2 in the air"...it's being absorbed by the CO2. If it's bouncing back & forth between the CO2 in the air and the ground (your second claim), then it's not being absorbed by ANYTHING (otherwise, there'd be nothing left to 'bounce'). Things that make you go "Hmmmmmm..."
I just recently purchased a Sterling Engine model (and a Tensegrity Table) to Science educate my grand-kids (they'll face challenges greater than I've faced, and I'll be 'gone' in 20-30 years, optimistically). In the course of exploring, THIS post was suggested... and I've shared. Thank you!! I feel it was brilliantly explained and worthy of interest. Just sitting on a train, in a station, not moving yet... and an 11 minute compilation of Brilliance I just discovered when I needed it.
Thank you for explaining this so clearly!
This is the most intuitive video on thermodynamics I've ever watched. Thank you for finally making me understand what entropy is : )
As far as I know, out of all entropy videos, only this one mentions why the concept of entropy was introduced and gives a clear reason as to why entropy always increases. You are doing god's work my man. AWESOME explanation. :)
+Siddhant Chaudhari thank you :)
Always watch Steve's videos until the very end. Don't ever leave the video thinking it's basically over.
Or a kitten will die.
Yes! This is what am talking about. Entropy is increasing not about disorder it's about fair even distribution or spread out. And this also applies to abstract things, for example a high entropy random generator is well spread out evenly. A high entropy checksum is also well spread out that a small change in input make much of the checksum to change into any possible value.
I watch this video before and after my thermodynamics class. Now I understand the video better but I have to say that you explain better than my professor!
The problem with Professors is that they think everyone understands what they are talking about instead of realizing in comparison to himself they are all a class of Chimps sitting in front of him, this is why I couldn't learn Algebra at school, I do understand it now as a good mate that could explain things the way Steve Mould does actually taught me Algebra it in about 10 minutes when I was 28 lol.
@@MrMambott congrats on finally learning algebra
Check Out our Video on Entropy!!
th-cam.com/video/pKGhC2GKpm8/w-d-xo.html
Everyone else when the train isn't moving : Frustrated. Angry. Play games. Talks to someone
Steve mould : "Hm... Time to teach kids what entropy really is"
I gave my Second Law lecture to my Freshman chemistry class this morning and that is exactly the way I say it too: increasing entropy is about spreading energy out. Our illustrations are at the molecular scale, but it always comes back to energy spreads out because states of the system that overwhelmingly most likely are those with the energy spread out.
I like the ping-pong ball box analogy, as it's also useful for explaining Chaos.
You could fill the box with half red and blue balls in the same way, and use a machine to precisely shake the box, then note the position of the balls. Put the balls back in their half/half configuration, and repeat the exercise. The chances are the balls will settle into a different position every time, and you never effectively predict where the balls will land. This system is chaotic.
Now I think that arguably, if the balls are set up precisely enough, and the box is maintained precisely enough, and the machine shakes precisely enough, and the temperature is precisely maintained, and it can be isolated from all external interference, perhaps you could predict the outcome of the test, and get the same result each time. However even the tiniest change in any factor will produce wildly different results, such that we cannot conceivably engineer such precise conditions to make the outcome predictable, even if we had an inconceivable amount of analytical computing power. That is chaos.
I've always disliked "disorder" as a description for entropy, When energy distribution is homogenized, with everything spread out evenly, that's about as orderly as anything can get.
I don't like the disorder definition because it's easy to misconstrue and doesn't do a good job of giving someone an intuitive explanation of entropy, but it is correct. There are more ways to create "identical" disordered states than there are ways to create "identical" ordered states, but at that point why aren't you just giving the actual and correct Boltzmann definition? It's really not that hard to understand. You can even use dice to explain it, there's only 1 way to roll a 2, but there's 7 ways to roll a 7. Entropy is defined as the the number of ways you can get a particular "big picture" measurement. When you randomly roll 2 dies, you're more likely to roll a 7 than a 2. Congratulations, you just described both what entropy is and why the second law happens with nothing more than something everyone has seen and addition. It's even easy to relate it to Shannon entropy from here.
And after revisiting this video after a year, I still don't like it. Maybe it's useful for the way an engineer thinks about thermodynamics, but it's useless for how a chemist thinks about it. Give me the boltzmann definition and I can instantly see that solids are lower entropy than gases, but this one? That's not at all clear.
It works when you're learning the statistical mechanical derivation of the Boltzmann equation. It's how we learned it at university.
It's a crappy description also because it's one word trying to represent a somewhat complex idea. I mean if someone asks you to define it you need to spend a little time explaining properly. If you are a professor standing at a chalk board you'd likely throw in some equations as well. And at the end of it, because as a society we have the attention of gold fish, we say something like, "Sooo... disorder?" And in frustration we say, "No, the answer is that thing I just took five minutes to tell you."
Ron Arguelles that’s how it was explained to me as a kid.
@@Mezmorizorz Bouth is in same walue...
And here we find our Hero Cpt. Mould struck by the insane desire to clear up a basic physics concept during his daily train commute.
This video explains thermodynamics wrong. It is obvious that Steve Mould doesn't understand the difference between temperature and thermal energy.
If you have a material A with a very high thermal capacity next to a material B with a very low thermal capacity then A and B will try to reach the same temperature, but not the same energy dencity.
So in other word you will find a huge gradient between the energy density of material A and B, even when they reach the same temperature.
Lets say that material A is much more dence than B and both have the same bolume. This means that it is more likely that the energy will be transfered from B to A than from A to B. Because there is more mass in A than in B that can hold on to the energy.
So in the end it is all about probability. It is more probable that the energy will be transfered to the material of high thermal capacity than the one with low thermal capacity.
The most probable balance of energy depends on the laws that governs the universe. In the case of two simple materials like this it is governed by the laws that define the property of different materials.
In a hypothetical case our universe could be governed by laws that we may not allready know of; very complex laws that states that our universe is allready existing in thermal equalibrium.
Electro-Cute high energy density doesn't mean it will transfer more energy to a material of lower energy density at the same temperature, it just means it has more energy states accessible to store energy. Two touching materials at the same temperature will have an even energy transfer in a closed system no matter what their heat capacity is. Their energy content will not converge unless the materials themselves decay into each other to form a homogeneous spread of atoms.
I know that, it was allso kind of my point. Temperature is a thermodynamical perspective on a very simplified system.
What the guy in the video said was that the systems will reach equal thermal energy distribution (or at least that is how I interpreted it). But that is only true for few special cases.
The context of the discussion and accompanying diagram make it clear that he is talking about two identical slabs of the same metal. He could, of course, divert to say that the thermal energy distribution would be different for slabs of different material but that would be unnecessary for this discussion (he's not talking about the relationship of thermal energy and temperature) and make the discussion overly complex.
@@andrewrobertson444 I don't agree that this is obvious, and even if it was how does this explanation explain what happens when the two metals aren't the same? That's not at all obvious to me, and at this point I've had about two years of thermodynamics classes ranging from gen chem to graduate level statistical mechanics. I don't see how someone who is totally ignorant of the topic is supposed to arrive at reasonable conclusions from it.
But really, the most damning thing is that this video simply isn't an explanation for entropy. What he is describing is not entropy. He is describing a consequence of the concept of equally probable microstates that happens to work well for the few systems he described and few others.
I have that engine plus another Stirling. Now I know how to introduce my grandkids to entropy. A great explanation that helps one visualize. My intro to entropy was in 1967 2nd year thermodynamics in a classical physical sciences program. The prof was really good but visual props were limited to spelling out Noel complete with the 2 dots over the e in a pre-Christmas review of various equations
Happy to have bumped into you. I enjoyed this video a lot. Thank you. ❤
"You never see it in reverse" Me, an intellectual: *clicks rewind*
_Reality Can Be Whatever I Want_
ok funny guy
thats how the idea of tenet came
😂😂 you are a genius
Check Out our Video on Entropy!!
th-cam.com/video/pKGhC2GKpm8/w-d-xo.html
This is the first satisfying explanation I've heard. Thank you!
It is actually wrong.
Electro-Cute why is it wrong?
it is only over simplified
+Ashwin Singh
He says that the energy will evenly spread out and never clump together, which is not true. Temperature and energy is not the same. If you have a piece of mettal next to piece of wood, both with the same temperature, then no net energy will transfer from one of the materials to the other. But there will still be much more energy clumped up with in the piece of mettal.
The laws of the universe governs the nature of how energy transfer and organizes it self. Thermodynamics gets aplied to these laws that we have come up with.
This allso paints up a world where the laws of universe are very simple at a microscopic level. But that doesn't have to be the reality. It could hypothetically be as intresting laws that governs the macro- and larger- scope of the universe as the onese governing the microspoe of the universe. Just that we have not noticed it yet.
I mean does these very simplified asumptions about the nature of thermodynamics aply to the realm of quantumphysics? If the laws of the universe are much more complex and dynamic than what we think then we could hypothetically exist in the "heat death" right now (a much more exciting heat death). That is what thermodynamics says.
Electro-Cute look up "heat equilibrium". The definition he given works if we assume that system is infinitely close to heat equilibrium.
Really informative video, makes the concept of entropy so understandable. Thank you.
We need more of this series!
Probably your best video yet. Very well explained, with great examples. Great job Steve! Waiting for the next. :)
+Dragos Puri thank you! I really like doing these explainer videos. Will do more I think.
I agree!
This was beautifully explained. I am so glad I'm not the only one in conflict with the conventional definition of entropy.
Please do, they're great, this is my first time watching you(apart from brady's videos), and out of all the videos I watched on entropy(because I had difficulty accepting it) yours was THE BEST, even better than MITOCW.
Thank you Varad. Really appreciate comments like this.
This video explains thermodynamics wrong. It is obvious that Steve Mould doesn't understand the difference between temperature and thermal energy.
If you have a material A with a very high thermal capacity next to a material B with a very low thermal capacity then A and B will try to reach the same temperature, but not the same energy dencity.
So in other word you will find a huge gradient between the energy density of material A and B, even when they reach the same temperature.
Lets say that material A is much more dence than B and both have the same bolume. This means that it is more likely that the energy will be transfered from B to A than from A to B. Because there is more mass in A than in B that can hold on to the energy.
So in the end it is all about probability. It is more probable that the energy will be transfered to the material of high thermal capacity than the one with low thermal capacity.
The most probable balance of energy depends on the laws that governs the universe. In the case of two simple materials like this it is governed by the laws that define the property of different materials.
In a hypothetical case our universe could be governed by laws that we may not allready know of; very complex laws that states that our universe is allready existing in thermal equalibrium.
This has to be one of the best explanations for entropy I have heard so far!
Very late to this video as I discovered this channel only 2 days ago but damn, this was one of the best explanations of entropy I've watched/read. Subscribed!
Really enjoyable complete video answering all my questions. I just discovered this channel and I like it very much
Aah how satisfying it is to here such a clear explanation of entropy. Nice work.
+美琴御坂 thanks!
My takeaway from this: that is one cool toy and I’m gonna order one 😁
Lol same 😂
5:51
@@WanderTheNomad bro we understood but its like that interested us more haha
it's actually a kit, so you also have to build it. it's made by kontax i believe, out of germany. they're not cheap but they are neat. big recommend from me, i run mine on a cup of coffee for guests
@@SassyTesla here we are in the future - my wife bought me one as a gift - yes I built it - and your coffee idea is being put into effect right now. It’s the gift that keeps on giving 😁...
I really did not want him to stop talking!!! I felt i was just getting into it when it cut to the external engine at the end. I love when topics such as these are explained in layman's terms, thank you 😊
At a chem undergrad level, I have always spoken of dispersal of both energy AND matter - the latter being helpful in illuminating the mathematical calculation of gas expansion entropy and entropy of mixing for gases or liquids (and same idea applies to heat energy dispersal via black body radiation emission).
7:30 -- Here's a related question for you to consider answering perhaps!
Solar panels have an efficiency measurement -- let's say they capture about 70% of the available energy from sunlight; the 30% which is "lost" is lost to entropy, in the form of the panels getting physically hotter in temperature despite the photo-electric potentials.
Plants, via photosynthesis, manage to capture 98%... that's some fine negotiations with entropy, IMO.
Photosynthesis has a 3 billion year lead on solar panels. I bet solar panels will be pretty great in 3 billion years.
Hey bro, I know this is old but where are you getting your stats from?
From sun to stored energy, plants have about 3 to 6% efficiency. Solar panels are about ~20% efficient now.
Perhaps you are mistakenly referring to the % yield of one of the reactions involved
@@DarkChasmGamers this man is right. Plants aren't that good at photosynthesis (all types of photosynthesis)
Source: plant biology
Steve you are so good at explaining difficult concepts! Could you do a video on pKa and pH please?
Thank you for such an awesome explaination about entropy , we learn in our high grades just about the definition, not knowing the actual meaning of it .
Saw many videos about sterling engine videos but your vid is best
Explained so well and I didn’t have to work to stay focused like so many of these videos!
My favorite definition of entropy cames from Shannon which roughly is the amount of information of a system, or how much you can compress information in a system. This is also consistent with the entanglement network we have as our reality, and its information increase over time attempting to "write" information on its state.
Yes. There is a great story about that. I think it was von Neuman who suggested that they call that Shannon's phenomena Entropy because of the similarity to the equations of (mechanical) entropy. So Shannon Entropy was discovered later and was only called Entropy as an analogy. But really it is more fundamental I think. You can explain thermodynamic Entropy in terms of Shannon Entropy but you can't really explain Shannon Entropy in terms of thermodynamic Entropy.
Thanks for the clip! I've got a formal training in theor. physics including Ph.D., so I have learnt both the microscopic-statistical "measure of disorder" (correct but not easy to turn into useful calculation) as well as the thermodynamic, blackbox-process-motivated "state quantity that varies with dQ/T" (also correct, and more useful, but somewhat distant from getting an intuitive understanding).
I keep struggling with forming an intuitive (yet quantitative and correct) grasp of entropy. Your clip helped, but I keep struggling.
Energy is much easier in this respect. It's simply a conserved quantity.
An actually good explanation of entropy. Thank you 🙏
Entropy is the property of energy to tend toward uniform distribution, rather than concentration. That's how I've always described it 🙂Great video!
But then why do some exothermic chemical reactions have decreasing entropy values?
Sonic Reaper Some interactions result in less local entropy, but still tend toward the larger entropy of the universe. I believe he discusses that in the video 🙂
So basically diffusion
@@fluent_styles6720 Endothermic reactions happen (in terms of energy levels, there's lots of equivalent ways to describe them) because more energy levels become accessible to the products as the reaction progresses, outweighing those lost in the reactants due to the loss in temperature. So, overall theres an increase in entropy (which is the log of the available microstates). More specifically, the ratio of the partition functions of the products and reactants increases with temperature and so at some point the equilibrium will favour the product (there's also an enthalpic contribution due to the boltzmann factor, but that's less significant).
its not only a property of energy, you could use for information too... or whatever that has a statistical approach.
Well I'm really glad this video came in my suggestions page, I'm in love with your channel, the video was perfectly executed, brilliantly explained. Great video and well, you just earned yourself a new subscriber :)
+Gautam Passi thank you :)
Steve Mould Whoa! Wait a second? Are you "The Steve Mould"? The Mould Effect is named after you right? I just realised that, that's seriously cool. I've watched your several videos, and you're doing a great job. Really glad came across your channel. what more effects you've in you mind to be named after you? :D
Thanks Gautam! Always looking for the next Mould Effect :)
What a kind, simple and entertaining way to explain things. Thank you, enjoyed it :)
Such videos make me fall in love with science again and keep me motivated
So yeah I'm thankful I found your channel 😀
will definitely be getting a wee sterling engine for my shelf!
cool thought experiment: assume the universe is deterministic (law of concervation of information applies), press pause on the universe, play it backwards so that entropy will get lower, and displace a single atom somewhere. chaos theory will dictate that the cumulative effect of that displaced atom on that backwards running universe will cause an alternate progression of events where entropy ack goes up, but only to the objects where its influence has time to reach. hence, everything outside this luminar-speed bubble will run backwards and everything inside, will run normally. if you look at it from the outside, it will be a collapsing bubble where things are running backwards. bouncy balls will jump onto ledges, and coffee cups will unstir themselves until the bubble suface arrives!
+dt28469 nice!
dt28469 j
If I get rich enough to buy my own universe Im going to try this.
DT28469. there is a potential issue with this time reversal anyway. there are simple configurations in newtonian kinematics, that are non-deterministic. Certain collisions between 3 (ideal) elastic collisions that are n-d. So reversing "time" would almost guarantee a different backward sequence.
Awesome video! Love the explanation, makes you think about renewables. Energy from the sun also creates the wind etc. Not sure how tidal fits in though, if we use too much tidal energy will the moon fall to earth ?
That was perfect. Please keep going to make more videos like this.❤
Great explanation! Another fun tidbit is that "entropy" is also used to describe how much information is encoded in something. This seems counter-intuitive at first when compared to the heat death of the universe, but it makes sense if you compare it to Steve's example of the balls in the box. For example, your hard drive is in a more orderly (less entropy) state when it's empty and all the bits are zeroes; when you fill it with data it has more information but you also can't easily predict if any given bit is a zero or a one (more entropy). James Gleick has a great book on this for those with some "temporal entropy" to kill.
Indeed, I heard something similar when talking about compression of data. In short more you compress data, more you are reducing orderly, predictable parts, which means if you compress something to maximum then all you are left with is pure chaos.
Excellent explanation! This video also touched on the difference between _temperature_ (a measure of the average kinetic energy of the molecules) versus _heat_ (which is the FLOW of energy).
Basically, in order to perform work energy has to flow from a higher potential to a lower potential. This is ▲T (i.e.-temperature difference) in thermodynamics. Entropy is the energy "under" the ▲T that is not available to perform work. Enthalpy is the energy ABOVE the ▲T that is available to do work (technically enthalpy is the heat potential energy plus the pressure + volume potential that is available to do work).
If you use the analogy of an hourglass (gravitational potential energy contained in sand particles), work is performed by the kinetic energy of the sand as it falls through the bottle neck [and say, turns a paddlewheel on its way through]. Enthalpy is the amount of sand in the top of the hourglass. Entropy is the amount of sand that has already fallen. The height of the hourglass is the potential (temperature). The volume of sand contained is the energy in the system. The size of the opening is the rate at which energy is transferred (heat). In real life you can never turn the hourglass "upside down" to start over. Once that potential energy is gone, it's gone.
it's Δ "uppercase delta", not ▲"black up-pointing triangle", by the way ;)
@@nonchip True that, sir! I just couldn't figure out how to type a proper uppercase delta using alt code. When I type Alt+235 it comes out lower case 'δ', even though it's supposed to be upper case.
Alt+30 comes out '▲' for me.
How are you typing that if you don't mind me asking? (I'm using a Windows PC)
@@nonchip Afterthought:
It probably would have been more correct if I wrote "pressure x volume potential" now that I re-read that as well; had to take some liberties trying to explain the idea without writing an equation. Oh well. ;o)
I remember in high school a girl in my physics class concluded half jokingly that everything would eventually end up as heat, and the teacher agreed. Never knew that it was called entropy tho... Cool video!
This fella has a smirk that is just absolutely infectious lmao. Also, the best description of entropy, methinks. Subscribed 😆
I strongly recommend to watch the 3 brown 1 blue video on the heat equation.
Thanks, Steve. Definitely the most intuitively understandable definition of entropy I've heard. Good on ya for giving the Stirling engine company a shout-out without compensation. And finally, nice job decreasing entropy by filming your video at a time you were required to be sitting around waiting anyway. 💡
I wish some had made this kind of video when I was in my school struggling to get physics in to my head......I cant thankyou enough for this video......Simply superb
Hands down, the most understandable explanation of entropy I've seen so far
Now that I finally understand entropy I can say I'm lazy because I don't want the universe to die faster.
reset*
Welcome to the Negentropy Alliance! [Look up "Orion's Arm" "Negentropy"]
The real question is not why entropy increases but how the universe was able to be created from Entropy itself
That one-in-a-gazillion chance.
Incredibly unlikely does not equal impossible.
It's not exactly an every-day event.
@@antonystringfellow5152 only if you assume infinity time!
@@ffccardoso ...and space.
Come on man. Either gravity or electric forces, started getting shit together. Formed s black hole and then a black asshole. Bang, clampped universal turd energy
This is why the big crunch hypothesis makes most sense to me
Thanks for sharing this video, very well explained the entropy.🙏
I have been always confused about entropy until I watched this video. Thanks for making it
What always confused me about the common definition of entropy is that to me it makes more sense that evenly spread particles and energy is more orderly than the clumps of energy.
This definition of "increase in the spread of energy" makes much more sense to me.
Yes!! The popular use of "chaos" and "order" always seemed entirely backwards to me.
@@iamtheiconoclast3 The rationale has more to do with "information" than "order".
If all the particles are in a single corner of the room, you can describe the system with something like "1000 particles are in a square in the bottom left corner of the room with a distance of 1 unit between each". That's a single sentence which you can use to determine the exact location of every single particle in the room. If they are spread out throughout the room, you must give precise coordinates for every single particle individually, which in this example would be 1000 sentences long, to achieve the same level of knowledge.
You require more information to fully describe high entropy systems than low entropy systems, and in that sense they are "disordered".
I didn't know what entropy was until I watched this video.. Thanks Steve!
This is an amazing explanation. Thank you a lot!
Best description of entropy I’ve watched. Thanks
This video should be titled "THE best description of entropy" :) thanks for it. It really helped me understand entropy
Cool ! A good demonstration for non physicists. No confusion, no philosophical considerations : just definition and good interpretation. Clausius and Boltzman concepts simply and methodically explained. Nice !
+François Cauneau thank you!
He totally blasts you with a deep philosophical argument near the end. "An argument can be made that time itself is a statistical phenomenon." If that doesn't get your Stirling engine warmed up I don't know what will.
Thanks for this video! It is a much better explanation of entropy than the one we learned at school. Just a super nitpick (to be fair, you used the term ‘for statistical rigour’ so I think I can make this point!) but having all the red ping pong balls on one side and blue on the other is not just ONE of the possible arrangements because each of the reds are interchangeable offering a very high number of possibilities of red on one side (and of blue in the other side which are also self interchangeable). But even that high number of possibilities is thoroughly dwarfed by the number of overall possibilities, therefore we never see it. That being said, obviously, I know you were keeping things simple!
Yes and double that, because the reds could be on either side with the blues on the opposite side. But it is thoroughly dwarfed by the total number of overall possibilities. Statistics you are a cruel mistress! Great video thanks!
@@TennisCoachChip Statistically, the red and blue balls would rearrange themselves back into all red on one side and all blue on another, though far less frequently than all other possible combinations. What if you just had one red ball and one blue? Or (the next step up) two red and one blue? And so on.
I love your videos and humour and I learn good stuff, thanks brother!
I've always used a cup of coffee as an example of energy & entropy. You pour cold creamer into hot coffee, and the creamer will appear to distribute it's self through the coffee until it reaches equilibrium. This will not work if the coffee and creamer are the same temperature.
Tony Tuite For me I think of two spheres connected by a tube with a lot of balls on one sphere which represents the energy and they randomly move around and over time it will eventually fill up the second sphere and since it has much more space then it has much more probability of the balls ending up in there until they reach a state where both spheres have the same probability of the balls ending up on either of them.
But entropy could actually decrease in the open system of the coffee cup if enough heat is lost to surrounding air.
TJ Simmons Yes because a coffee cup is not a true closed system. It's merely an analogy
But creamer does distribute itself throughout the coffee assuming the same temperature...
For me it was similar, but the example we used was milk... because we're not savages
I've watched this like 30 times now
Kyun ek baar main samajh nahi aaya🤣
10:00 no it's not just blind chance. Moving from low entropy to high entropy is moving from high potential to low potential. You need to do work to move a rock up, but you don't need energy to drop it. You need energy to heat or cool things, but you don't need that to spread heat from hot to cold. It's equilibrium not chance. Nature tend to seek equilibrium and low potential and high entropy. You need to force it otherwise by exercising work.
This is the best explanation of the law conservation I've heard.
Thanks
Thank you I actually understood this. I've always thought that entropy was energy spreading out but then I heard the definition of disorder and chaos and I got really confused.
No beaker, but at least you've tried :)
+LittlePeng9 I had to work with what was on the train :)
LittlePeng9 DOOOWEEEOOOOOOOOOHHHHHHH
Beaker wasn't a terribly good scientist, so better not to use him. Actually, neither was Professor Bunsen Honeydew... meep
Potential difference makes EVERYTHING work!
I LOVE stirling engines!
This is one of the most helpful videos I have ever seen!! Thank you!
Who is here after the overly complicated TED-Ed video of entropy?. This is by far the best explanation I've seen. Thanks for the video.
I came over to this video from your recent pully vid (5/27/20121, very interesting btw) and I really like your definition of entropy. It does make much more sense. You mentioned the heat death of the universe and that time may in fact end since entropy would end and entropy may be giving us the arrow of time, but I wonder if time will ever end, especially if time is based on statistical change? I may be thinking about this incorrectly, but if we define time as change, then time may never end. Suppose we start with state A and by some process, we transition to state B, and as that process continues we come to state C and so on. State A is different (by some definition) from B so we change, where change is defined by unique states of the system in question. As this process continues we have a series of unique states that define an arrow of time as one state transitions to a new state by this process.
In the universe of heat death, quantum fluctuation of spacetime will still occur, but those functions will be random and spread out over the universe so it would be hard to define the state of change in that system. But since we are talking about eternity essentially, at some point those fluctuations may organize themselves into a non-random structure of some sort, since anything is likely to happen given an eternity of quantum fluctuations. Now we have a unique state that didn't exist before. We start with a state of completely random fluctuations A, but now we have a state, where we have a non-random structure in the universe that we can call B. So the universe has transitioned from state A to state B, it has changed and is different than before, so now we have again an arrow of time that points from A to B.
Of course, you could say that entropy has reversed, something not likely to happen, but since we're talking about a statistical chance over eternity, it is almost guaranteed to happen. This means time can never actually end until there is no statistical chance of change in the universe, something that seems impossible given the quantum fluctuations of spacetime. It seems to me as long as quantum fluctuations of the spacetime can occur we will always have an arrow of time. If the big bang sprang from a chance organization of quantum fluctuations over a previous eternity of a dead universe, then time existed before the big bang and not in the big bang itself.
Does this make sense? Or am I missing something obvious here?
layers of time. like sedentary rock. The time that sprung out from our big bang is not the same as the time that existed before it. Our time and fluctuations therein is like a baby time layer in comparison. But it all reverberates like a hologram from its original fluctuating organizational convergence as you put it, in perfect harmony. That's why we align with stars & have eclipses at specific moments where they all line up. But just as everything has a beginning, middle and end, so too does every fluctuation.
Hi Steve. Thank you for always posting interesting content. This had my attention from start to finish. I have just one issue with your final thought. A closed container with the content at equilibrium will still have random movement and snapshots of the distribution of atoms would change over time. I think that time would continue even after equilibrium is reached. I might be wrong though. 😅
I always had a problem with the general description of entropy "measure of disorder". Thank you for this video.
9:15 there is actually more than one way red and blue can end up on each side. If Nb is number of blue balls and Nr number of red than there is = (Nb)! * (Br)! permutations it can happen.
Thanks for the video! I've never understood why a more entropic state is described as more disorderly? Isn't the universe in more 'order' with energy more equally distributed? To me, clumping energy together seems more like the chaotic state of the universe. The universal heat death is when everything is evenly spread out and in order.
That confuses me as well, but I guess I do consider my home more in order when my stuff is concentrated in a few spots than when everything is "distributed evenly" across the place 🙂
Holy shit, this opened a door in my head. Right now I feel like this concept is applicable to everything in life, even metaphysical stuff like art and music
Probably the best video on entropy.