What a delightful video. Her enthusiasm is contagious and engaging. I love the way she answers “I don’t know, but… I’m also interested in that and here is how I am hoping to look at that question and find out more”. So exciting to hear that instead of the usual responses.
One point about very hot fires being made on the drip line that seems to have been missed was the possible use of fire as a defensive measure against nocturnal predators of which there were many. Most predators especially cats are adept at using the cover of darkness to stalk prey. Caves with numerous hominens sleeping in them would have attracted predators by virtue of scent, especially when there were food caches also present, especially quantities of dried or cured meat.
@kromleneandertalien3414 - I don't think that Ms Giulia is talking about a few spare ribs or a drumstick, but about whole mammal carcasses. I had no idea before that bone itself was used as a fuel and not just as the stray meal tossed into wood fires.
Maybe Upper Paleolithic, but any evidence of use of fire in hunting strategies and in managing landscape to increase overall productivity? Similar to in North America in the Holocene, and probably all over.
I wonder about Neanderthals who lived so closely with fire and the effect on their lungs. * Is there any way to evaluate their pulmonary heath in places where fires had to be set within shelters vs places / time periods where fires could be set outside the drip line? * Childhood asthma could have been a real problem. Can lung disease leave any signatures on the bones of the chest cavity? For example, did an increased effort of breathing show in the muscle attachments or in a distortion of the bones themselves? * Does oxygen restriction show up in the chemistry of their bones? * With their broad noses, I would imagine that Neanderthals took in a higher percentage of airborne smoke then a comparable Sapien would. Is there any sign that they used a mask to filter out smoke? This has all been addressed already, I'm sure, but I never heard anything about it. Does anyone know of a video, science article, or journal paper that covers pulmonary disease? [ Regarding cave exploration, Neanderthals seem to have made string. Perhaps they utilized it as a guide to find their way back to the group after exploring deeper, darker recesses of their cave, like children do today in a cave. ^_^ ] I had not heard of Neanderthals using hide windbreaks before, though it's a very logical thing to do. It must a short step to using hide lean-tos or pup tents while on hunting forays. I suppose they must have used travois, too, to get large kills home.
I dont know that much about it but it's hypothesized they had less adaptaptation to inhaling smoke then homo sapiens as one find that in mordern populations, higher percentage of neanderthal genes equates with less ability to tolerate smoking and other fumes, and thus higher incidences of disease.
Probably too early to determine the specific spectrum of foods from dental residue. Would be interesting to identify plant foods that require cooking in some form to be edible. Would further counter stereotypes of “man the hunter”, tho warming up would be enuf motivation. Also sorts of fire use in carpentry, using plant resources, steaming, bent woods, preserving woods from rot. Etc. etc. Can’t imagine that H. N., H. D., H. S. didn’t on occasion utilize all of these; tho the different groups would probably have had different cultural repertoires of techniques, especially in various habitats.
In addition to the obvious-meat, glues-which common plant materials then available would benefit most from cooking. I understand that this is a really large subject, but important.
Homo habilis? I think that it’s likely that once independent creation of fire was understood, it would have spread widely, tho also lots of independent invention. My prejudice is that homo erectus almost certainly used fire frequently. Nobody has to use fire all the time, unless addicted to caffeine.
@halporter9 - Even if knowledge of fire manipulation was not passed around between competitors, I'm sure each iteration of human observed fires in the wild and - lightbulb! - realized how useful its domestication would be in their lives.
So 700 degrees Celsius seems like they might have been using forced airflow fires. An open fire seems like it would have too much heat diffusion to reach those temperatures.
Im thinking the opposite. From my very limited experience with blacksmithing, the maximum firetemps to be reached without forced airflow is about 740C . If you want more then that - which you do when working most metals - you need forced airflow. For me its then logical that they get up to maximum natural temp (or about) but not further.
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What a delightful video. Her enthusiasm is contagious and engaging. I love the way she answers “I don’t know, but… I’m also interested in that and here is how I am hoping to look at that question and find out more”. So exciting to hear that instead of the usual responses.
Lovely to see and hear you both so enthusiastic about it.
Love bow tie. Glad you have captions because the audio fades at first. Enjoyed this
You face the difficult demand to PROVE very ancient common usage, not solely what seems most reasonable. Great work, I am impressed.
One point about very hot fires being made on the drip line that seems to have been missed was the possible use of fire as a defensive measure against nocturnal predators of which there were many. Most predators especially cats are adept at using the cover of darkness to stalk prey. Caves with numerous hominens sleeping in them would have attracted predators by virtue of scent, especially when there were food caches also present, especially quantities of dried or cured meat.
Really enjoyable talk. Thank you for getting my question in. Sorry I missed most of the live show. My fault entirely.
My thoughts,
Hominin liked volcanic areas,
In Australian history of the indigenousness
Was noted they carry a lighted stick or the embers with them.
When you live in nature, you don't leave bones lying around to attract predators, you throw them in the fire to destroy them. I'm doing that now too.
@kromleneandertalien3414 - I don't think that Ms Giulia is talking about a few spare ribs or a drumstick, but about whole mammal carcasses. I had no idea before that bone itself was used as a fuel and not just as the stray meal tossed into wood fires.
@@MossyMozart The bone doesn't burn, its fat does.
@@MossyMozart But it is not suitable for smoking or drying meat.
If we expand past the brutish "ugh fire", it's evident that they could differentiate material and had a spectrum of fire building abilities.
Maybe Upper Paleolithic, but any evidence of use of fire in hunting strategies and in managing landscape to increase overall productivity? Similar to in North America in the Holocene, and probably all over.
We are back!
I wonder about Neanderthals who lived so closely with fire and the effect on their lungs.
* Is there any way to evaluate their pulmonary heath in places where fires had to be set within shelters vs places / time periods where fires could be set outside the drip line?
* Childhood asthma could have been a real problem. Can lung disease leave any signatures on the bones of the chest cavity? For example, did an increased effort of breathing show in the muscle attachments or in a distortion of the bones themselves?
* Does oxygen restriction show up in the chemistry of their bones?
* With their broad noses, I would imagine that Neanderthals took in a higher percentage of airborne smoke then a comparable Sapien would. Is there any sign that they used a mask to filter out smoke?
This has all been addressed already, I'm sure, but I never heard anything about it. Does anyone know of a video, science article, or journal paper that covers pulmonary disease?
[ Regarding cave exploration, Neanderthals seem to have made string. Perhaps they utilized it as a guide to find their way back to the group after exploring deeper, darker recesses of their cave, like children do today in a cave. ^_^ ]
I had not heard of Neanderthals using hide windbreaks before, though it's a very logical thing to do. It must a short step to using hide lean-tos or pup tents while on hunting forays. I suppose they must have used travois, too, to get large kills home.
I dont know that much about it but it's hypothesized they had less adaptaptation to inhaling smoke then homo sapiens as one find that in mordern populations, higher percentage of neanderthal genes equates with less ability to tolerate smoking and other fumes, and thus higher incidences of disease.
Just North of Atlanta here…. 👍
Probably too early to determine the specific spectrum of foods from dental residue. Would be interesting to identify plant foods that require cooking in some form to be edible. Would further counter stereotypes of “man the hunter”, tho warming up would be enuf motivation. Also sorts of fire use in carpentry, using plant resources, steaming, bent woods, preserving woods from rot. Etc. etc. Can’t imagine that H. N., H. D., H. S. didn’t on occasion utilize all of these; tho the different groups would probably have had different cultural repertoires of techniques, especially in various habitats.
@halporter9 - By _N., H. D., H. S._ I presume you mean Neanderthals, Denisovans, and Sapiens.
In addition to the obvious-meat, glues-which common plant materials then available would benefit most from cooking. I understand that this is a really large subject, but important.
@halporter9 - How could hide glues have been made (I really have no idea) - they certainly had those as raw materials.
Homo habilis? I think that it’s likely that once independent creation of fire was understood, it would have spread widely, tho also lots of independent invention. My prejudice is that homo erectus almost certainly used fire frequently. Nobody has to use fire all the time, unless addicted to caffeine.
@halporter9 - Even if knowledge of fire manipulation was not passed around between competitors, I'm sure each iteration of human observed fires in the wild and - lightbulb! - realized how useful its domestication would be in their lives.
So 700 degrees Celsius seems like they might have been using forced airflow fires. An open fire seems like it would have too much heat diffusion to reach those temperatures.
Big enough and long enough with part of a carcass in there and it will get up to temp . Forced air would be new
Im thinking the opposite. From my very limited experience with blacksmithing, the maximum firetemps to be reached without forced airflow is about 740C . If you want more then that - which you do when working most metals - you need forced airflow. For me its then logical that they get up to maximum natural temp (or about) but not further.
A
Wow, she seems so nice and perfect, that can't be true, she must be eating children at night lol. Very interesting talk and captivating presentation!
Nothing to do with drying and smoking meat, especially not with fats.