Conquests: Muhammad of Ghor
ฝัง
- เผยแพร่เมื่อ 21 ต.ค. 2017
- The conquests undertaken by Muhammad of Ghor in India
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Original Map:
www.arcgis.com/home/webscene/...
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Music:
Johannes Bornlöf - Tense Excitement 1
Johan Hynynen - Battle
So this is a bit of an experimental type of video. The plan is to do a series of 'Conquests' videos, to replace the 'Every Year' series (more or less every region has now been covered by either myself, or EmperorTigerstar). I'd like to hear your thoughts on that, so please let me know :)
PS: Episode 4 of History of the World is coming, I promise!
Ollie Bye good idea
Will you continue empires
Are there really any empires left to do?
what software do you use to make these ?
Ollie Bye lol
Ummm have you done the Zulu Empire,Mexican empire,Austrian(you probably have),Macedonian,Swedish(I think you have),Japanese Empire and Ghanese empire
I LOVE this style. It's more than mapping, this is history. It gives context that we in a modern civilisation just don't have. Bridging the gap between mapping and historical tales like done by Extra History. Please do more of this, especially in European wars/invasions.
TOP QUALITY
check my channel if you want
This is a beautiful video! I love the visuals and the music. The only peeve is that the verb tenses are inconsistent at times (I do this a lot too, so I tend to pick up on it)
This is a real improvement in cartography and mapping, great job!
Hey Ollie Bye ! Is it possible if you can do a video about the History of the whole Eurasian Steppes (which would include, Eastern Europe, Anatolia, the Caucasus, Persia, Central Asia, the Xinjiang Region, Tibet and Mongolia). I really do believe it would be awesome if you cover this whole region because of the impact it has had on Human History especially due to the various migration that went from Asia to Europe and the Middle East. =D
The Conquests series is probably the best thing to come out of you. Very high points.
Ur videos are getting better and better, great job
Very enjoyable video. The new format looks nice, although a visual aid like an arrow to more properly indicate the direction of attack could be useful. A few notes on slight inaccuracies: Sialkot is not shown on the map. Places you mention should be visible. It is supposed to be north of Lahore. Furthermore it was not 'built' in 1180 CE. It had been one of the major cities of the region since at least the time of Alexander. Instead, it was most likely refortified. Another point is that is was not Aikab himself, but rather his lieutenant Khilji who conquered Bengal. Gaur was not so much the 'symbolic' heart of Bengal, which in this period wasn't seen as one region but rather several. Instead the city of Lakhnauti (properly Lakshmanavati, most likely named after Lakhsmana Sena), otherwise known as Gaur, was the newest capital of the Sena kingdom. As such it was very much the new political heart of Bengal and it went on to become and remain the capital and the largest city outside of China for the next 400 years. There is nothing to suggest that Nabadwib/Nadiya was more than a secondary capital that Lakhsmana fell back to. To further complicate things there was also the traditional Sena capital of Bikrampur, where five of the seven inscriptions we have from Lakhsmana have been found. Evidence suggests that he continued to rule southern Bengal from the latter city after his defeat at Nabadwib. Lastly, the border near Gaur should by 1205 extend east to either the Karatoya or the Brahmaputra river, as by then the city of Pundranagara (now better known as the ruins of Mahasthangarh) had been conquered. Sorry I haven't been around to give you advice as I'd offered to do some months ago, life has kept me too busy.
Landil I understand real life has to come before TH-cam, but it really would be useful to have help from experts like you. The reason is that history now seems to be a growing topic of interest on TH-cam. Sadly, however, most of these new channels are focusing almost entirely on European and modern history. It's causing Indian history to be increasingly sidelined.
I've sent you an email. On another note, now that I've properly compared some videos, I really like the new style of mapping you use here with the slight transparency and curvature. One more suggestion would be to perhaps look into showing significant rivers and lakes where applicable (and historical), for example the Indus and the Ganges in this case.
Are you sure bengal was seen as not one region but several?
@@mint8648 there were janapadas
This guy was like a real-life Eu4 Player
More like ck2
More like Eu4 ditched on him
His origin was Tajik , tajik means persian. I’m a tajik and lived in Afghanistan khorasan for countries. I’m proud that we had such a king 👑. Thanks to u for making this video ❤️.
🤣🤣🤣😂😂😂
I cannot conclude this head on the Ghorians without mentioning a remarkable passage found in Janabi, who calls the Ghorides Turks, whilst they are generally reckoned to \'91belong to the Afghans; if it" is not, perhaps, to be understood, that only the reigning family Was of a Turkish origin. This passage runs thus :\'97\'93 The \u64257 rst who became known of the Ghorian kings, are the descendants of Hossain; who are a race of Turlcs, that came from Khata to the mountains of Ghor. In the sequel, their affairs prospered; and they possessed themselves of countries, as it is mentioned in the History of As-of Shah, and in the Tarilch Ulmzwader of Ahmed ben Mohammed Altabrizi.\'94 The author of the Khulassat Ulansab, who is very careful in distinguishing the real Afghans from those that are either supposed or erroneously pretend to be Afghans, seems, too, to consider the Ghorian dynasty as a Turkish race: in support of which assertion, I shall insert here a passage relative to this subject :-\'97\'93
History of the Afghans
Translated from the Persian of Neamet Ullah
Part of Cambridge Library Collection - Perspectives from the Royal Asiatic Society
AUTHOR: Haravi Nimat AllahTRANSLATOR: Bernhard DornDATE PUBLISHED: June 2013AVAILABILITY: Available FORMAT: PaperbackISBN: 9781108056250
www.wdl.org/en/item/3034/view/1/304/
Chronicler: en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nimat_Allah_al-Harawi
I cannot conclude this head on the Ghorians without mentioning a remarkable passage found in Janabi, who calls the Ghorides Turks, whilst they are generally reckoned to \'91belong to the Afghans; if it" is not, perhaps, to be understood, that only the reigning family Was of a Turkish origin. This passage runs thus :\'97\'93 The \u64257 rst who became known of the Ghorian kings, are the descendants of Hossain; who are a race of Turlcs, that came from Khata to the mountains of Ghor. In the sequel, their affairs prospered; and they possessed themselves of countries, as it is mentioned in the History of As-of Shah, and in the Tarilch Ulmzwader of Ahmed ben Mohammed Altabrizi.\'94 The author of the Khulassat Ulansab, who is very careful in distinguishing the real Afghans from those that are either supposed or erroneously pretend to be Afghans, seems, too, to consider the Ghorian dynasty as a Turkish race: in support of which assertion, I shall insert here a passage relative to this subject :-\'97\'93
History of the Afghans
Translated from the Persian of Neamet Ullah
Part of Cambridge Library Collection - Perspectives from the Royal Asiatic Society
AUTHOR: Haravi Nimat AllahTRANSLATOR: Bernhard DornDATE PUBLISHED: June 2013AVAILABILITY: Available FORMAT: PaperbackISBN: 9781108056250
www.wdl.org/en/item/3034/view/1/304/
Chronicler: en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nimat_Allah_al-Harawi
Original Work:
archive.org/details/TarikhEKhanJahaniOMakhzanEAfghaniJildEAwwal-KhwajaNematullahBinKhwajaHabeebullahAl-HarawiFarsi
“ Coming from central Afghanistan, the Ghorids, who were also of Turkish stock, then invaded India... ”
Afghanistan: a new history - By Martin Ewans
Encyclopedia Britannica:
“ In the 12th century the Ghūrid Turks were driven out of Khorāsān and later out of Ghazna by the Khwārezm-Shah dynasty. ”
Encarta:
“ In 1173 Muhammad rose to control the Turkish Ghurid Empire, centered in what is now west central Afghanistan. Finding his ambitions to control Central Asia blocked by other Turkish-influenced states, he embarked on yearly raids into northern India, which was then largely Hindu. ”
Not tajik
The word tajik meant arabic at that time
The period between the decline of the Mauryans and the arrivel of the Ghurid Turks in c. A.D.
1200 is not one of the particular interest for students of Indian urbanization.
assets.cambridge.org/97805213/90453/sample/9780521390453ws.pdf
Toward the end of the twelfth century, however, the Ghaznavids were themselves overrun by another Turkish confederation, the chiefs of Ghur, located in the hills of central Afghanistan.
One of the clearest statements of this political vision was given by Fakhr al-Din Razi (d. 1209) of Herat, a celebrated Iranian scholar and jurist who served several Khurasani princes, in particular those of the Ghurid dynasty of Turks.
publishing.cdlib.org/ucpressebooks/view?docId=ft067n99v9&chunk.id=ch02&toc.depth=1&toc.id=ch02&brand=ucpress
I rlly enjoy this amazing new type of animation.Your videos inspired me to start my own channel,thank you
Bulgarian empire mapping Iranic warrior Muhammad of Ghor beat one of top 10 best warriors of India in Second Battle of Tarain and Iranic warrior Ahmed Shah Abdali beat one of the top 20 best warrior in history of India in Third Battle of Panipat The battle is considered one of the largest fought in the 18th century,[8] and has perhaps the largest number of fatalities in a single day reported in a classic formation battle between two armies. The extent of the losses on both sides is heavily disputed by historians, but it is believed that between 60,000-70,000 were killed in fighting from both sides, and another 40,000-70,000 Maratha non-combatants massacred following the battle.[9][10]
Bulgarian empire mapping what was the last time Turkic peoples destroyed warriors like Sadashivrao Bhau or Prithviraj Chauhan Turkic history is joke
Yaqub Leis
Muhammad of Ghur is Turkic not iranic learn history kiddo
The New Encyclopaedia Britannica
The Sămănids, Ghaznavids, Ghurids, and Seljuqs were of Oguz extraction. Sāmānids. The Sămănids centred their kingdom in Khorāsān.
Encyclopaedia Britannica, Inc - 1997 -
@Alvin Johnson they still my history all time that why
Turkish Warrior Muhammad of Ghur not iranic
They were followed by the Ghaznavid and Ghorid Turks. The first Turki invaders reached Bengal c.1200 and an important Muslim center was established there, principally through conversion of the Hindus.
www.factmonster.com/encyclopedia/places/asia/pakistan-bangladesh/pakistan/history
Historical writing too was something that the Ghorid Turks introduced to India
www.everyculture.com/South-Asia/Muslim.html
as by the recently con- verted Turkish tribes (Ghaznavids, Ghorids, Khaljis, and others) who were to transform India.
brill.com/search?pageSize=10&sort=relevance&q4=Ghorids
… was usurped by chiefs of Turkish origin , the Ghaznavids , Ghurids , and Seljuks , who leaned on orthodox Islam against both Sh ' ism and Zoroastrianism .
books.google.com.tr/books?hl=tr&id=vg3YAAAAMAAJ&dq=ghaznavids%2CENCYCLOPEDIAAMERICANA&focus=searchwithinvolume&q=Ghurids (Encyclopedia Americana)
Although he was victorious in 1192 , in his first encounter with the Turkish invader, Muhammad Ghuri, in 1193 he was defeated and killed thus opening the way for the founding of the Delhi sultanate.
www.oxfordreference.com/search?q=Ghuri&searchBtn=Search&isQuickSearch=true
The Turkic general Mahmud Shabuddin Ghorī sacked Nālandā in 1197 and Vikramaśīla in 1203 , burning their libraries and destroying priceless literary and artistic treasures.
www.oxfordreference.com/search?q=Ghori&searchBtn=Search&isQuickSearch=true
Ghurids, Delhi's Sultans were Turkic and great patrons of Persianate culture.
ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:53a48196-ac0e-4510-b74d-794c48e976ed/download_file?file_format=pdf&safe_filename=THESIS01&type_of_work=Thesis
post-nomadic Turko-Mongol dynasties in the subcontinent-the Ghaznavids, the Ghurids and their Turkish military slaves, the Khalajis, Tughluqs, and Sayyids all lasted a mere hundred years or even less.
www.oxfordhandbooks.com/view/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199935369.001.0001/oxfordhb-9780199935369-e-29
This new style is fucking great! Glad to see a mapper being innovative and branching out instead of the same grey map that everyone else uses. The actual text makes it more interesting as well, maybe just a bit shorter
This method is good for videos on small areas but if you are covering a larger land area then it would be difficult or a longer period of time
Amazing. Can you do a video about how you research for mapping every little state in each video? Do you look for already existing maps in Google for instance?
I wonder what the Ghaznavid-Ghurid Rivalry was and why the Ghurids never conquered Nepal, Sikkim and Bhutan.
Any AoE2 players out there who first heard of this guy through the campaigns?
The claim that the Ghurids mentioned in a single source are of Tajik (Arab) origin is a rubbish claim.
All other sources say that it is of Turkish origin. Especially Nimat Allah al Harawi explain this by giving very detailed and reliable sources.
First of all, we should explain that the medieval use of the word tajik is for Arabs and has nothing to do with modern day Tajiks.
According to Jūzjānī they are the Shansabani dynasty originating from Ghur in central Afghanistan. He describes them as the descendants of Arab settlers who were Persianised.
Sometime between 716/7/24 to 8/21, an envoy from Caliph Sulayman (r. 715-717) arrived in China. In Chinese 黑密牟尼蘇利漫: a rendering of Kha[līfat]-Amīr [al-]muʾminīn-Sulaymān. Arabs in Chinese were known as Tāzīks 大食 (from Persian or a related language).
Note that Ghorids were not Tajiks in the meaning of Farsiwan. They are called Tajiks because they claimed to be descendants of Zahhak, an evil Arab king of Persian mythology who had serpents growing out of his shoulders.
Ghuris are Turks, who are Taziks are Tajiks , and claimed Arab origin. The Brigg ‘s version of the passage given above is thus [Vol.I, p.49)
In their own genealogy, they were claiming descent from Zuhak bin Tazi , the legendary Arab king of Iran and in early period the descendants of Arab settlers in Persia were called Taziks or Tajiks.
Zahhak was originally an Arab prince and a good but somewhat naīve man.
Etymology of this word Tajik, the most probable is that which makes it a corrupt form of the Pahlvi word, Tazi, an Arab, a word still current in modern Persian with the same meaning. All the dictionaries give Tazi as meaning the descendants of Arabs in Persia or any other
A Turkic runic inscription in Southern Kazakhstan dating to 720 AD, refers to Arab invaders as "Taziks" (Tajiks). The term Tazik or Tajik was originally applied to Arabs or their descendants in Ajam.
The derivation from tāzīk ‘tribesman of Ṭayyiʾ, Ṭāʾī, Arab’ was first proposed almost a century before Schaeder (p. 17, note 5) and has been widely accepted among scholars. The Middle Persian word tāzīk/ tāzīgis found in the Dēnkard in reference to the lineage of the hated usurper Z˜aḥḥ≥āk, thus unequivocally ‘Arab’ (see Shahbazi, p. 216). An analogy to the derivation from Ṭayyiʾ, or its shortened form Ṭayy, or the adjective ṭāʾī, is to be seen in rāzīk (New Persian rāzi) ‘citizen of Ray’ (for arguments tracing these to forms such as tāyčīk and *rāyčīk, see Schaeder, pp. 27; Sundermann, p. 166).
According to Ferdowsi, Zahhāk was born as the son of a ruler named Merdās (Persian: مرداس). Because of his Arab lineage, he is sometimes called Zahhāk-e Tāzī (Persian: ضحاکِ تازی), meaning "Zahhāk the Tayyi".
Hence the Turks of Central Asia adopted a variant of the Iranian word, täžik, to designate their Muslim adversaries in general. For example, the rulers of the south Indian Chalukya dynasty and Rashtrakuta dynasty also referred to the Arabs as "Tajika" in the 8th and 9th century.[34][35]
Another proof that the word Tajik means arabic is the medieval historian Michael the Syrian.
When talking about the Fatimids, he mentioned it as the Caliphate of Tajiks.
The origin of the name Tajik has been embroiled in twentieth-century political disputes about whether Turkic or Iranian peoples were the original inhabitants of Central Asia. The explanation most favored by scholars is that the word evolved from the name of a pre-Islamic (before the seventh century A.D.) Arab tribe. *
factsanddetails.com/central-asia/Tajikistan/sub8_6a/entry-4848.html
Secondly, it should be said that the word Turushka in Indian sources means Turkish and the Ghaznavids and Ghurids are mentioned as Turushka in many Indian sources.
The Gahadavalas inscriptions mention a Turushka-danda ("Turkic punishment"[10]) tax,was collected to pay a tribute to the Ghaznavid (Turkic) overlord.[11]
1178 CE Kiradu inscription, issued during the reign of the Chaulukya Bhima II, records repairs to a temple damaged by the Turushka. These Turushkas are identified with the Ghurids led by Muhammad of Ghor, who were defeated by the Chaulukya forces at the Battle of Kasahrada.
used by contemporary Indians to describe the conquerors was not 'Muslim' but 'Turk' (turushka).
Assam , which recorded that a Turushka force reached the Brahmaputra and there met with destruction in 1206 AD
Gauhati, Assam, which recorded that a Turushka force reached the Brahmaputra
This new and violent encounter between India and Islam - a novelty partially reflected in the opposition of the Indian terms Tajik (“Arab”)/ Turushka (“Turk”) - occurred at the same time as a strengthening of western influences.
Beaujard, P. (2019). India: From the Chola Empire to the Delhi Sultanate. In The Worlds of the Indian Ocean: A Global History (pp. 216-251). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. doi:10.1017/9781108341219.010
(a rendering of his title "Sultan Shamsuddin"); or Turushkadhipamadaladan (" the Turushka Lord").
their linguistic affiliation ( most typically as Turk, “turushka”)
military successes against the Ghurids (called " Turushka" and "Hammira")
These Turushkas are identified with the Ghurids led by Muhammad of Ghor,
I cannot conclude this head on the Ghorians without mentioning a remarkable passage found in Janabi, who calls the Ghorides Turks, whilst they are generally reckoned to \'91belong to the Afghans; if it" is not, perhaps, to be understood, that only the reigning family Was of a Turkish origin. This passage runs thus :\'97\'93 The \u64257 rst who became known of the Ghorian kings, are the descendants of Hossain; who are a race of Turlcs, that came from Khata to the mountains of Ghor. In the sequel, their affairs prospered; and they possessed themselves of countries, as it is mentioned in the History of As-of Shah, and in the Tarilch Ulmzwader of Ahmed ben Mohammed Altabrizi.\'94 The author of the Khulassat Ulansab, who is very careful in distinguishing the real Afghans from those that are either supposed or erroneously pretend to be Afghans, seems, too, to consider the Ghorian dynasty as a Turkish race: in support of which assertion, I shall insert here a passage relative to this subject :-\'97\'93
History of the Afghans/ Tarikh-i-khan jahani wa makhzan-i-Afghani
Translated from the Persian of Neamet Ullah
Part of Cambridge Library Collection - Perspectives from the Royal Asiatic Society
AUTHOR: Haravi Nimat AllahTRANSLATOR: Bernhard DornDATE PUBLISHED: June 2013AVAILABILITY: Available FORMAT: PaperbackISBN: 9781108056250
History of the Afghans : Translated from the Persian of Neamet Ullah. Dorn, Bernhard., Nimat Allah, Haravi. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. 2013. ISBN 978-1-108-05625-0. OCLC 889971254.
Bro chill
Sure whatever
If you knew this should know muhammad allawedin of ghure is kings khan
Fake history spreading moment
Excellent and detailed work! Would love to see more of this type of videos.
The first mappning video on actually impresed by on TH-cam, great job!
Please make a video for RAJA RAJA CHOLA and RAJENDRA CHOLA ..
I am requesting you for a long time
Does he really have two Rajas in his name?
@@Cnut_the_grape
Raja Raja = king of kings
I cannot conclude this head on the Ghorians without mentioning a remarkable passage found in Janabi, who calls the Ghorides Turks, whilst they are generally reckoned to belong to the Afghans; if it is not, perhaps, to be understood, that only the reigning family was of a Turkish origin. This passage runs thus:-"The first who became known of the Ghorian kings, are the descendants of Hossain; who are a race of Turks, that came from Khata to the mountains of Ghor.
The author of the Khulassat Ulansab, who is very careful in distinguishing the real Afghans from those that are either supposed or erroneously pretend to be Afghans, seems, too, to consider the Ghorian dynasty as a Turkish race: in support of which assertion, I shall insert here a passage relative to this subject:-" When the dynasty of Sultan Mahmud and his descendants became extinct, Sultan Moezz Uddin ben Sam, who is known in Hindustan by the name of Shahab Uddin Ghori, set up for absolute monarch
Nimat Allah, H. (2013). ANNOTATIONS ON PART THE FIRST. In B. Dorn (Trans.), History of the Afghans: Translated from the Persian of Neamet Ullah (Cambridge Library Collection - Perspectives from the Royal Asiatic Society, pp. 255-314). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. doi:10.1017/CBO9781139507653.014
The Ghorids are Tajik Persians
You Mongolian Turks are everywhere claiming every empire I think prophet adam was also Turkish Ghurid dynasty is an afghan pashtun dynasty not Iranian they were from sur tribe the founder of ghurid dynasty was amir suri and sur is an pashtun tribe
@@plateus they were afghan Pashtuns not tajiks
@@Mt7hr_1229 but Google says it's a tajik/Persian empire,please correct me if I'm wrong.
@@Yilkanzhi_Nooristani 3 years ago google was saying Ghurids were Pashtuns I have the screen shot do you want it ?😂
Great type of video, I hope you will continue this serie.
This is pure awesome! You should definitely do more!
It's official, Ollie Bye is a robot.
I like this new format, the details that you can go into makes it a lot better IMHO.
Amazing that you included hill kingdoms like Kangra, Garhwal, Kumaon in your map. They are usually overlooked.
please do more
How do you gather this much detail?
It stems from a great interest in Indian history I have, that no ones else seems to have for some reason. It's easy to find this kind of detail for Europe - all I'm doing is replicating it for India, really.
Well your viewers seem to
@@OllieBye Europe is overrated because of...whites, yeah
I like the idea of having a new series about conquests. I think it would be cool if you made a video similar to this one about the 13 colonies. There would be a lot of potential there.
Nice video as always do more like this
Yaqub Leis
wow I was just asking myself wether Ghorids are Indians or Iranians and I found the suitable person to ask LOL
Hassan Abdulsalam
Ghurids are Turks according to BRITANNICA
Kirman Selçuklularının Haritasını Arayan Dost Iranic warrior Muhammad of Ghor beat one of top 10 best warriors of India in Second Battle of Tarain and Iranic warrior Ahmed Shah Abdali beat one of the top 20 best warrior in history of India in Third Battle of Panipat The battle is considered one of the largest fought in the 18th century,[8] and has perhaps the largest number of fatalities in a single day reported in a classic formation battle between two armies. The extent of the losses on both sides is heavily disputed by historians, but it is believed that between 60,000-70,000 were killed in fighting from both sides, and another 40,000-70,000 Maratha non-combatants massacred following the battle.[9][10]
Kirman Selçuklularının Haritasını Arayan Dost what was the last time Turkic peoples destroyed warriors like Sadashivrao Bhau or Prithviraj Chauhan Turkic history is joke
They were Iranic Tajik Origin امك حلوة
Good video! Need more attention on the text as I found it difficult to notice it had changed to something new whilst i was also looking at the map to keep track. Possibly audio commentary instead?
I like this new style. Brings the story with the maps, but i can see it take a lot of work.
Sultan Mahmud Ghaznavi's full name was Yamīn-ud-Dawla Abul-Qāṣim Maḥmūd ibn SebüktegīnIn.Ghaznavi Military expedition maximum of their warriors were from Pashtun tribes who were mostly from, Ghazni, Paktia, Paktika, Zabul and Ghori Pashtuns. The reason behind their service for Ghaznavi Darbar was that Mahmood Ghaznavi’s maternal cast was Zabul’s Ghilzai Pashtun. Those from Zabul, Gardez, Paktia, Paktika and Ghazni considered him their nephew. Sultan Mahmud Ghaznavi was a half Afghan as his mother was from Zabul (she was not Persian wiki is one of the only sources that states). Some may claim she was Turk since Ferdowsi called him the son of 2 slaves and called his mother/ him Zabely. However his court poets called him this aswell so I doubt they would use it in a derogatory way.
Now that we got that out of the way here is how Afghans were the catalyst to his empire. As we should know a very large maybe majority of his army was made up of Pashtuns. Also Mahmud Ghaznavi's empire began after removing his step brother Ismael from power. The interesting part is it was Pashtuns who defeated, captured, and removed Ismael from power.
"It now remains to add an extract from Mr. Vansittart's Treatise on the Afghans, as given in the Asiatic Researches t:-" In the reign of Sultan Mahmud of Ghaznah,eight men arrived, of the posterity of Khalid the son of Khalid, whose names were Kalun, Alun, Daud, Yalua, Ahmed, Avoin, and Ghazi. The Sultan was much pleased with them, and appointed each a commander in his army. He also conferred on them the offices of Vazir, and Vakili Mutlak, or Regent of the Empire. Wherever they were stationed, they obtained possession of the country, built mosques, and overthrew the temples of idols. They increased so much, that the army of Mahmudwas chiefly composed of Afghans. When Herhind,a powerful prince of Hindustan, meditated an invasion of Ghaznah, Sultan Mahmuddispatched against him the descendants of Khalid, with twenty thousand horse: a battle ensued; the Afghansmade the attack; and, after a severe engagement, which lasted from day-break till noon, defeatedHerhind,killed many of the infidels, and converted some to the Mohammedan faith.
"The Afghans now began to establish themselves in the mountains; and some settled in cities, with the permission of Sultan Mahmud. They formed regulations, dividing themselves into four classes, agreeably to the following descriptions:-The first is the pure class, consisting of those whose fathers and mothers were Afghans. The second class consists of those whose fathers were Afghans, and mothers of another nation. The third class contains those whose mothers were Afghans, and fathers of another nation. The fourth class is composed of the children of women whose mothers were Afghans, and fathers and husbands of a different nation. Persons who do not belong to one of these classes are not called Afghans."
From all these accounts of different authors, we must conclude that Sultan Mahmud attacked and subdued to him part of the Afghans; but those residing in the mountains (resembling, in this respect, the Circassians and other petty nations of the Caucasus) maintained their independence, and ever after harassed those passing their country; of which we read frequent instances in the history of Jenghiz Khan, Timur, Baber, and others. Even history tells us, that the successors of Sultan Mahmud had to struggle against the ever-rebellious Afghans residing in the mountains.[5]
This Ismail was dethroned by Sultan Mahmud, chiefly through the efforts of the Afghans, as we are told in the Riaz Ulmuhabbat:-" When Sabuktaghin emigrated from the perishable abode to the eternal, he was, agreeably to his last will, succeeded by his son Ismail, who was born of a daughter of Albtaghin, Sabuktaghin's protector: the mother of Sultan Mahmud, his second son, was a daughter of a Chief of Zabul. A quarrel arose between the two brothers, and they prepared for war; when the Afghans, who were attached to the Chief of Zabul, espoused the cause of Sultan Mahmud; who constituting them the van of his army, they executed a charge upon Ismail's troops. Ismail was discomfited by their gallantry, and himself taken prisoner, and shut up in some fortress. Mahmud was so pleased with them, that he married his sister to Malik Shahu, at that time the Chief of the Afghans, of whom Salar Masud Ghazi was born." See also Ferishta, Part I. p. 27.
Mahmud of Ghazni (971-1030) was the first sultan of the Ghaznavid dynasty in Afghanistan. A zealous Sunni Moslem, he plundered wealthy India and used the booty to patronize culture in Ghazni, making it the center of Perso-Islamic civilization.
Born on Nov. 2, 971, eldest son of Emir Subuktigin, Mahmud helped his father gain a kingdom from the Samanids through successful campaigns against Turkish nobles of Samarkand and Bukhara. In 997 he overthrew his younger brother, Ismail, who had been nominated by Subuktigin as his successor, and 2 years later Mahmud was confirmed as sultan of Ghazni by Caliph al-Kadir. Challenged several times by the Qarakhanid rulers, Mahmud repulsed all attempts against his territories. Elsewhere, he annexed parts of Murghab (1012) and Khwarizm (1017). In the south and the west he asserted his suzerainty over Seistan, Ghor, Qudsar, and Baluchistan.
Mahmud is chiefly remembered as the plunderer of India. Between 1000 and 1026 he mounted at least 17 raids against India with the aim of extirpating idol-worshiping Hindu infidels and destroying Hindu temples, which were great repositories of wealth. His most important expedition was against the temple of Somanth in 1025. It is estimated that Mahmud took from India jewels, gold, and silver in excess of 3 billion dinars, in addition to hundreds of thousands of slaves. His only territorial acquisition in India was the Punjab (1021).
A patron of the arts, Mahmud attracted poets from all parts of Asia. Among these were Uzari, Asadi Tusi, Unsuri, and perhaps the most famous of them all, Firdausi. All were commissioned to write panegyrics. Firdausi's Shahnamahas placed Mahmud among the immortals of history. Fanatical, cruel to Hindus as well as to Moslem heretics, fickle, and uncertain in temper, Mahmud was extremely greedy of wealth. He refused to pay the 60,000 goldpieces he had promised Firdausi for the Shahnama, making the poet so bitter that he wrote a satire about the Sultan.
When Mahmud was about to die, he ordered all his hoards to be placed before his eyes. He grieved over his impending separation from his wealth but refused to give the smallest amount to charity. Yet though he loved money passionately, he also spent it lavishly. A library, a museum, and a university were endowed at Ghazni. To his court came scholars like al-Biruni; Utbi, the historian; Farabi, the philosopher; and Baihaki, the diarist. Mahmud became the hero of many legends, many of them centering on his relationship with his favorite slave, Ayaz.
The administrative system that Mahmud established-using a predominantly Turkish elite, often of slave origin, promoted to army commands, and a Persian elite responsible for civil and revenue administration-was used in Moslem India for several centuries. He died on April 30, 1030, and his tomb at Ghazni has survived.
The outstanding work on Mahmud and his times is Clifford Edmund Bosworth, The Ghaznavids: Their Empire in Afghanistan and Eastern Iran, 994-1040 (1963). A superior biography is Muhammad Nazim, The Life and Times of Sultan Mahmud of Ghazna (1931). Edward G. Browne, A Literary History of Persia (4 vols., 1906-1924), gives information on Mahmud's scholars.
(Bernhard Dorn, History of the Afghans, p-79, translation of makhzan-i-afghani)
books.google.com/books?id=kAIxAQAAMAAJ&pg=RA1-PA79&lpg=RA1-PA79&dq=When+Sabuktaghin+emigrated+from+the+perishable+abode+to+the+eternal,+he+was,+agreeably+to+his+last+will,+succeeded+by+his+son+Ismail,+who+was+born+of+a+daughter+of+Albtaghin,+Sabuktaghin's+protector:&source=bl&ots=Oor3_8JoSK&sig=lMuXKcdGraWz7urC05CPqWq0FkY&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0CCIQ6AEwAmoVChMIgqblw4WgyAIVSSseCh2Q-Ap7#v=onepage&q=When Sabuktaghin emigrated from the perishable abode to the eternal, he was, agreeably to his last will, succeeded by his son Ismail, who was born of a daughter of Albtaghin, Sabuktaghin's protector:&f=false
@ALP ER TUNGA Turk is seed of Monghwal.
Great video. But Afghanistan were also a part of Khorasan. There was nothing called Afghanistan in 1100.
There's not really a contemporary name for it. It wasn't ever part of the Arab Caliphate, so they didn't have a provincial name for it.
@Alvin Johnson ShahShuja was much later than Ahmad Shah and he himself used term Khurasan in his writings, only British East India company used term Afghanistan and Emir of Afghanistan as title for their puppets. Ahmad Shah was not founder of Afghanistan.
@Alvin Johnson You are welcome. We must keep in mind origin of titles from to whom and how over time certain titles have been internalized.
They were followed by the Ghaznavid and Ghorid Turks. The first Turki invaders reached Bengal c.1200 and an important Muslim center was established there, principally through conversion of the Hindus.
www.factmonster.com/encyclopedia/places/asia/pakistan-bangladesh/pakistan/history
Historical writing too was something that the Ghorid Turks introduced to India
www.everyculture.com/South-Asia/Muslim.html
as by the recently con- verted Turkish tribes (Ghaznavids, Ghorids, Khaljis, and others) who were to transform India.
brill.com/search?pageSize=10&sort=relevance&q4=Ghorids
… was usurped by chiefs of Turkish origin , the Ghaznavids , Ghurids , and Seljuks , who leaned on orthodox Islam against both Sh ' ism and Zoroastrianism .
books.google.com.tr/books?hl=tr&id=vg3YAAAAMAAJ&dq=ghaznavids%2CENCYCLOPEDIAAMERICANA&focus=searchwithinvolume&q=Ghurids (Encyclopedia Americana)
Although he was victorious in 1192 , in his first encounter with the Turkish invader, Muhammad Ghuri, in 1193 he was defeated and killed thus opening the way for the founding of the Delhi sultanate.
www.oxfordreference.com/search?q=Ghuri&searchBtn=Search&isQuickSearch=true
The Turkic general Mahmud Shabuddin Ghorī sacked Nālandā in 1197 and Vikramaśīla in 1203 , burning their libraries and destroying priceless literary and artistic treasures.
www.oxfordreference.com/search?q=Ghori&searchBtn=Search&isQuickSearch=true
Ghurids, Delhi's Sultans were Turkic and great patrons of Persianate culture.
ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:53a48196-ac0e-4510-b74d-794c48e976ed/download_file?file_format=pdf&safe_filename=THESIS01&type_of_work=Thesis
post-nomadic Turko-Mongol dynasties in the subcontinent-the Ghaznavids, the Ghurids and their Turkish military slaves, the Khalajis, Tughluqs, and Sayyids all lasted a mere hundred years or even less.
www.oxfordhandbooks.com/view/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199935369.001.0001/oxfordhb-9780199935369-e-29
@@Nomadicenjoyerplus These sources are largely secondary or erroneous first sources. Ghurid Tajik(Persians) had Tukic slaves that were brought up sons of the court and given high position in military and administrative sectors. The current ethnocentric revisionism is a fallcious projection of modern day Turkic nationalism into past
Love is new version, we can definitively see the work behind!
Beautiful new format !
Ramirez is afghan nationalist who thinks all empires which ruled Afghanistan were Pashtun empires🤣🤣 ignore that guy peoples
Thats why you have ignored me and not replied since I schooled you and sent you correct sources 😂🤣 and not one ruler of has not been Afghan/Pashtun
@ALP ER TUNGA ghaznavid Afghan empire
@ALP ER TUNGA scythians sakas Afghan
Joseph Marquart made the connection the Parsiētai (Παρσιῆται), Parsioi (Πάρσιοι) that were cited by Ptolemy 150 CE. The text from Ptolemy:
"The northern regions of the country are inhabited by the Bolitai, the western regions by the Aristophyloi below whom live the Parsioi (Πάρσιοι). The southern regions are inhabited by the Parsiētai (Παρσιῆται), the eastern regions by the Ambautai. The towns and villages lying in the country of the Paropanisadai are these: Parsiana Zarzaua/Barzaura Artoarta Baborana Kapisa niphanda"
Strabo the Greek geographer, in the Geographica (written between 43 BC to 23 AD) makes mention of the Pasiani (Πασιανοὶ), this has been identified with Afghans given that Pashto is an Eastern-Iranian language and Pashtuns resided in the area once termed Ariana. Strabo states
"Most of the Scythians...each separate tribe has its peculiar name. All, or the greatest part of them, are nomades. The best known tribes are those who deprived the Greeks of Bactriana, the Asii, Pasiani, Tochari, and Sacarauli, who came from the country on the other side of the Iaxartes (Syr Darya)"
Ptolemy's Parsioi (Πάρσιοι). Johnny Cheung, reflecting on Ptolemy's Parsioi (Πάρσιοι) and Strabo's Pasiani (Πασιανοὶ) states: "Both forms show slight phonetic substitutions, viz. of υ for ι, and the loss of r in Pasianoi is due to perseveration from the preceding Asianoi.
Greece in 480. Herodotus mentions their turbans, bows, and spears, and tells that during the battle of Plataea in 479.
the Arians started to live in towns; the Greek geographer Ptolemy of Alexandria (Geography 6.17.3) states that there were many towns and villages in the valley of the river, and that there were nomadic tribes who were living in the mountains. The center of the government was the palace at Artacoana, which is usually identified with the modern town of Arachosia the regions of Herât and Kandahar (Arya)
Abdul hye habibi, the most eminent scholar, has given a list of Pashto words, which resemble other languages of house of Aryans.
Arians lived in the country along the river Arios (the modern Hari Rûd), which is more or less identical to the Afghanistan province of Herât (Arya)
Ahuramazda's special creations (Vendidad, Fargard 1.9).
In Achaemenid times (ca. 550-330 B.C.E.), the surrounding district was known as Haraiva (in Old Persian), and in classical sources the region was correspondingly known as Areia. In the Zoroastrian Avesta (Yašt 10.14; Vidēvdāt 1.9), the district is mentioned as Harōiva. The name of the district and its main town is derived from that of the chief river of the region, the Hari Rud (Old Iranian *Harayu “with velocity”; compare Sanskrit Saráyu [Mayrhofer, Dictionary III, p. 443]), which traverses the district and passes just south (5 km) of modern Herat. The naming of a region and its principal town after the main river is a common feature in this part of the world. (Compare the adjoining districts/rivers/towns of Arachosia and Bactria.)
the Bisotun inscription (q.v., DB 1.16) of Darius I (ca. 520 B.C.E.)
They are wearing Scythian-style dress (with a tunic and trousers tucked into high boots) and a twisted turban around the head. This costume is also worn by the representatives from nearby Sistān (to the south) and Arachosia (to the southeast)
strongly influenced by the Scythic cultures from the Central Asians steppes in the North.
the representative from Areia is also shown wearing a long coat worn around the shoulders with empty sleeves. This type of coat is known from classical sources (Gk. kandys) and was sometimes also worn by the Persians and the Medes. The origin of this coat should be sought among the nomadic Scythians of Central Asia. (See further in Gervers-Molnár, 1973.)
Herodotus (7.61 ff.) tells that Areians were listed together with the Parthians by the Achaeminians.3.89 ff.),, the Areians in Xerxes’ army were dressed in the Bactrian fashion, which means that they were wearing a Scythian-type outfit.
together with ancient Bactra (modern Balḵ, the capital of ancient Bactria), and Old Kandahār, the capital of ancient Arachosia. In late 330 B.C. Alexander the Great, according to his biographers,the Areian capital that was called Artacoana (Arrian, Anab. Alex. 3.25.2-6; Curtius 6. 6.33 [Artacana]; Diodorus 17.78.1 [Chortacana]; Pliny, Nat. hist. 6.61.93; Strabo 11.10.1 [Artacaena]).
Areia was briefly attacked by Scythic nomads from the north (Pliny, Nat. hist. 6.47). In the following years, Areia became a frontier area between the empire of the Parthians to the west and that of the Greco-Bactrians to the east. In the late second century B.C.E. northern tribes, and Scythians (or Sakas) traversed the district of Areia;, they finally settled in nearby Sistān (Mid. Pers. skstn “Sakastān”), farther to the south.
The Scythians migrated from Central Asia toward Eastern Europe. They disappeared from history after the Hunnish invasion of Europe in the 5th century AD, and
Altaic (Avar, Batsange, etc.) and Slavic peoples probably assimilated most people speaking Scythian. However, in the Caucasus, a dialect belonging to the Scythian-Sarmatian linguistic continuum remains in use today, namely Pashto and Ossetic.
The early Sakas or Scythians are remembered by Greek (e.g. Herodotus, Megatheses, Pliny, Ptolemy) and Persian historians as tall, large framed and fierce warriors who were unrivalled on the horse. Herodotus from the 5th century BC writes in an eye-witness account of the Scythians : " They were the most manly and law-abiding of the Thracian tribes. If they could combine under one ruler, they would be the most powerful nation on earth."
According to their origin myth recorded by Herodotus, the Sakas arose when three things fell from the sky: the I. plough, II. sword and III. cup. The progenitor of the Sakas picked them up and hence the Saka race began its long history of conquering lands, releasing its bounties and enjoying the fruits of their labor (the cup has a ceremonial-spiritual-festive symbolism). A branch of the Sakas kown as the Alani reached regions of Europe, Asia Minor and the Middle East. They have been connected to the Goths of France/Spain, Saxons and the Juts of Denmark.
The following sections deal mostly with popular traditions of Saka descent found among numerous Asian and European peoples. The Saka/Scythians are considered by mainstream historians as being Eastern Iranic peoples originating from the steppes of central asia and spoke a Indo-European language in the Eastern Iranic Branch of the Iranic branch of indo-iranian/Aryan family.
Who were the Saka Iskuzai or Azkuzai Scythians ?
The Scythians or Scyths or Saka (from Greek Óêýèçò), a nation of horse-riding nomadic pastoralists who spoke an Eastern Iranic language.
Saka means blood brother in Pashto and Nasaka means Step brother,Zai or Zoi/Zoy
means descendant or son in Pashto.For e.g. an Afghan tribe living in Afghanistan known as the Azkazai or Sakzai means Son of Saka another example the Dawoodzai sons of David or Yusufzai sons of Joseph etc.Where did the Sakas or Sakae Or Xiongnu Huns originate from? The steppes of central asia of North Afghanistan.According to genetics and DNA tests conducted the Pashtuns of Afghanistan have the highest steppe ancestry of r1 peeking up to 70 or 80 percent
Bibliography: F. R. Allchin and N. Hammond, The Archaeology of Afghanistan.
Warwick Ball, Archaeological Gazetteer of Afghanistan / Catalogue des sites archéologiques d’Afghanistan, Paris, 1982
in History of Civilizations of Central Asia III. The cross-roads of civilizations, A.D. 250 to 750, Paris, 1996, pp. 103-18. Veronika Gervers-Molnár, The Hungarian Szür.
Une statue de Darius decouvert à Suse,” JA 260, 1972, pp. 235-66. H. Torrens, Õn a Cylinder and certain Gems, collected in the neighbourhood of Herat, by Major Pottinger,” Journal of the Asiatic Society of Bengal 11, 1842, pp. 316-21. W. J. Vogelsang, The Rise and Organisation of the Achaemenid Empire. The Eastern Iranian Evidence, Leiden, 1992. Idem, The Afghans, Oxford, 2002.
@ALP ER TUNGA nope ghaznavid,ghurid,khilji and saka Afghan Pashtun source:there is no Turkic empire have a good day 😚
@ALP ER TUNGA 😂you can only dream about history trust me
Make one on samudragupta's conquest
Ikr.
Do more of these, this is a cool idea.
Keep doing this kind of video, it's great!!!!
Muhammad of Ghor was very great Military commander who won more than 10 battles 3rd Battle of Ghazni , Battle of Multan , Battle of Kasahrada , Siege of Lahore , Battle of Merv 1192 , Second Battle of Tarain , Battle of Chandawar , Battle of Nishapur , battle against Khokars in 1205 and Siege of Tirmidh
Muhammad Ghori was of Tajik Persian origin . He is undoubtedly one of the greatest generals of Islamic and Indian history. Though he was defeated in some battles he won many battles won more than 10 battles 3rd Battle of Ghazni , Battle of Multan , Battle of Kasahrada , Siege of Lahore , Battle of Merv 1192 , Second Battle of Tarain , Battle of Chandawar , Battle of Nishapur , battle against Khokars in 1205 and Siege of Tirmidh
@ALP ER TUNGA Ghurid empire was Pashtun tribes of ghor they were formerly some Buddhist before adopting Islam from former Afghan emperor sultan mahmud of ghazni.Ghiyath al-Din Muhammad,Shah Hussian Ghori was Pashtun as long as other commanders of the empire.The ghurid spoke Pashto and the army and administration were mainly consisted of ethnic Afghan Pashtuns.Ghauris were Pashtuns, linguistically and culturally They were tribal people of ghoristan mountains, divided into numerous tribes.
Among the numerous Ghorid chiefs, the Shansabani tribe had the most authority over all the other Ghorid tribes "the Shansabani were a tribe and the Ghauris were structured as a tribal society.If you look at the Geneology of the Shansabani Tribe; you notice that the Patriarch of the Shansabani rulers possesses the name "Suri". e.g Sayf ud-Din Suri (1146-1149 ). Mohammad ibn suri, who was ancestor of shahabudin ghauri.
Baihaqi who is considered as the most famous historian of the Ghaznavid era had written in page 117 that "Sultan Massud leaves for (jaroos ghoor) “jai darmeshi paat”... and sends his learned companion with two people from Ghor as interpreter between this person and the people of that region.Amir karor suri, malak ya gharsheen and
asad suri were famous pashto poets from ghor/ghoristan region before times of mongol invasion.
Ghor itself is a pashto word which means mountain.
The Suri tribe of the Afghans inhabited the mountains of Ghor east of Furrah and their principal cities were Ghore, Feruzi and Bamian (Gazetteer of the world or dictionary of geographical knowledge. Vol 5. London: A Fullerton and Company. p. 61.)
Also Note that original abode of numerous pashtun tribes was ghor e.g Niazis, mohmands, lodhis, suris etc. Mongol invasion annihilated ghor, forcing remnants of ghorid tribes to move eastward.
Amir Ibn-i Suri
Amir Suri was a non-Muslim king in the region of Ghor from an ancient dynasty and he was defeated by Mahmud of Ghazni. According to Minhaju-S Siraj, Amir Suri was captured by Mahmud of Ghazni, made prisoner along with his son and taken to Ghazni, where Amir Suri died by poisoning himself.
It was also the last stronghold of an ancient religion professed by the inhabitants when all their neighbors had become Muslim. In the 11th century AD Mahmud of Ghazni defeated the prince of Ghor Ibn -I-Suri, and made him prisoner in a severely-contested engagement in the valley of Ahingaran. Ibn-I-Suri is called a Hindu by the author, who has recorded his overthrow; it does not follow that he was one by religion or by race, but merely that he was not Muhammadan
(The Kingdom of Afghanistan: a historical sketch By George Passman Tate Edition: illustrated Published by Asian Educational Services, 2001 Page 12)
According to recorded Afghan tradition, Surs are descended from the Ghori tribe. Several books by Islamic historians including Tarikh-I-Guzida of Hamdu-lla-Mustaufi, Towareekh Yumny, as well as Ferishta record that besides Muslim Surs there were also Non-Muslim Hindu and Buddhist Surs, who were attacked by Mahmud of Ghazni and converted to Islam by him.
Sultan Mahumud now went to fight with the Ghorians , who were infidels at that time. Suri, their chief, was killed in this war, and his son was taken prisoner; but he killed himself by sucking poison which he had kept under the stone of his ring. The country of Ghor was annexed to that of the Sultan, and the population thereof converted to Islam. He now attacked the fort of Bhim, where was a temple of the Hindus
(Tarikh -I-Guzida of Hamdu-lla-Mustaufi. Page 65 from The History of India told by its own Historians H M Eliot and Dowson Volume 3)
'In the following year AH 401 (AD 1010), Mahmood led his army towards Ghoor . The native prince of the country, Mahomed, of the Afghan tribe of Soor (the same race which gave birth to the dynasty that eventually succeeded in subverting the family of Sebüktigin), occupied an entrinched camp with 10,000 men. Mahmood was repulsed in repeated assaults which he made from morning till noon. Finding that the troops of Ghoor defended their entrenchments with such obstinacy, he caused his army to retreat in apparent confusion, in order to allure the enemy out of his fortified position. The Ghoorians, deceived by the stratagem, pursued the army of Ghizny; when the king, facing about, attacked and defeated them with great slaughter. Mahommed Soor, being made prisoner was brought to the king, but having taken poison, which he always kept under his ring, he died in a few hours; his country was annexed to the dominions of Ghizny. The author of the Towareekh Yumny affirms, that neither the sovereigns of Ghoor nor its inhabitants were Mahomedans till after this victory; whilst the author of the Tubkat-Nasiry, and Fukhr-ood-Deen Moobarik Shah Lody, the latter of whom wrote a history of the Kings of Ghoor in verse, both affirm, that they were converted many years before, even so early as the time of Ally
(Ferishta-Translation John Briggs, p. 28 vol 1)
Shah Hussain was descended from the younger branch of the Ghorian race, while Muhammad-i-Suri, said to be the great-great-grandfather of the Sultans Ghiyas-ud-Din and Muizz-ud-Din (Muhammad of ghor) was descended from the elder branch, with whom sovereignty lay. Shah Hussain by one of his Afghan wives, had three sons, Ghalzi, Ibrahim surnamed Lodi, and Sarwani. The Afghan tribe of Sur was founded by Sur, son of Ismail, grandson of Lodi ("Glossary of the Tribes and Castes of the Punjab and North West Frontier Province" H.A. Rose, Ibetson 1990, P210)
Mahuy Suri
Mahuy Suri was the Sasanian governor of Merv in Khorasan during the reign of Yazdegerd iii.(The Shah-Namah of Fardusi translation by Alexander Rogers LPP Publication Page 547)
Muhammad ibn Suri
First king of ghorid dyansty.
It is said that Muhammad was a great king and most of the territories of Ghor were in his possession. But as many of the inhabitants of Ghor of High and low degree had not yet embraced Islam, there was constant strife among them. The Saffarids came from Nimruz to Bust and Dawar, Ya'qub al-Saffar overpowered Lak-Lak, who was the chief of Takinabad, in the country of Rukhaj. The Ghorians sought the safety in Sara-sang and dwelt there in security but even among them hostilities constantly prevailed between the Muslims and the infidels. One castle was at war with another castle, and their feuds were unceasing; but owing to the inaccessibility of the mountains of Rasiat, which are in Ghor no foreigner was able to overcome them, and Muhammad was the head of all the Mandeshis.(The History of India as told by its own Historians by Eliot and Dowson, Volume 2 page 284)
Ghor itself was a country of infidels, containing only a few Musulmans, and the inhabitants spoke a language different from that of Khurasan (The History of India as told by its own Historians by Eliot and Dowson, Volume 2 page 576)
Amir Kror Suri
Famous Pashto poet and governor of mandesh (ghor).
...............
Some more references
"...the prevalent and apparently the correct opinion is, that both they and their subjects were Afghans. " & "In the time of Sultan Mahmud it was held, as has been observed, by a prince whom Ferishta calls Mohammed Soory (or Sur) Afghan.
(Elphinstone, Mountstuart. The History of India. Vol. 1 p.598-599)
The History of India - Mountstuart Elphinstone - Google Books
"the founder of the Ghori dynaasty, was a native of Afghansitan. The origin of the house of Ghor has, however, been much discussed, - the prevailing opinion being that both they and their subjects were an Afghan race."
(The Cyclopædia of India and of Eastern and Southern Asia, Commercial ... - Edward Balfour - Google Books
@ALP ER TUNGA they are Pashtuns eastern iranic so yes they are Iranic
@@ramirez4295
I cannot conclude this head on the Ghorians without mentioning a remarkable passage found in Janabi, who calls the Ghorides Turks, whilst they are generally reckoned to belong to the Afghans; if it is not, perhaps, to be understood, that only the reigning family was of a Turkish origin. This passage runs thus:-"The first who became known of the Ghorian kings, are the descendants of Hossain; who are a race of Turks, that came from Khata to the mountains of Ghor.
The author of the Khulassat Ulansab, who is very careful in distinguishing the real Afghans from those that are either supposed or erroneously pretend to be Afghans, seems, too, to consider the Ghorian dynasty as a Turkish race: in support of which assertion, I shall insert here a passage relative to this subject:-" When the dynasty of Sultan Mahmud and his descendants became extinct, Sultan Moezz Uddin ben Sam, who is known in Hindustan by the name of Shahab Uddin Ghori, set up for absolute monarch
Nimat Allah, H. (2013). ANNOTATIONS ON PART THE FIRST. In B. Dorn (Trans.), History of the Afghans: Translated from the Persian of Neamet Ullah (Cambridge Library Collection - Perspectives from the Royal Asiatic Society, pp. 255-314). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. doi:10.1017/CBO9781139507653.014
Mosques pre-dating the twelfth-century conquest of India by the Ghurid Turkic dynasty also seem to have abided by a strict avoidance of icons (aniconism ) despite - or because of? - the conspicuous presence of Hindu imagery.
Formichi, C. (2020). Becoming Muslim (Seventh to Eighteenth Centuries). In Islam and Asia: A History (New Approaches to Asian History, pp. 42-74). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. doi:10.1017/9781316226803.005
This process would later lead to the creation of the Delhi kingdom by the Ghurids - Turco-Afghans who succeeded the Ghaznavids - during the twelfth century.
Beaujard, P. (2019). India: From the Chola Empire to the Delhi Sultanate. In The Worlds of the Indian Ocean: A Global History (pp. 216-251). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. doi:10.1017/9781108341219.010
A.D. 1200 of the Ghurid Turks, the first Muslim dynasty of the subcontinent, a new and different era begins. The rapid expansion of Muslim rule in the early thirteenth century brought peace and stability to large portions of North India for the first time in centuries. Secure borders and safe roads encouraged expansion of trade. A routinized system of administration led to the founding of a network of administrative centers.
Blake, S. (1991). City and Empire. In Shahjahanabad: The Sovereign City in Mughal India 1639-1739 (Cambridge South Asian Studies, pp. 1-25). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. doi:10.1017/CBO9780511563225.002
The Ghurids (1149-1215) A Sunni Turkic dynasty that grew out of its original base Firuzkuh (near Jam) in Afghanistan and expanded into India; its most famous ruler, Ghiyath al-Din Muhammad b. Sam (r. 1163-1203) , was also a patron of artchitecture, such as structures at Herat,Jam, and Chist.Ghiyath
El-Hibri, T. (2021). The Abbasid Caliphate: A History. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. pp.295
Drawn from the Turkish nomads of the northern steppes, these horseback war- riors formed the ruling aristocracy of the Islamic states that would dominate north India for the following seven hundred years. The Ghaznavids (977-1186), under the leadership of Mahmud of Ghazni, conquered much of the Punjab, establishing their capital in Lahore. They were followed by another dynasty of Turkish warriors, the Ghurids (1186-1215), who under Qutb al-Din Aibak (1206-10), occupied Delhi.
Blake, S. (2016). The observatory in Shahjahanabad. In Astronomy and Astrology in the Islamic World (pp. 120-133). Edinburgh University Press.
Although he was victorious in 1192 , in his first encounter with the Turkish invader, Muhammad Ghuri, in 1193 he was defeated and killed thus opening the way for the founding of the Delhi sultanate.
(2015). Prithviraj III. In Kerr, A., & Wright, E. (Eds.), A Dictionary of World History. : Oxford University Press pp. 538
The Turkic general Mahmud Shabuddin Ghorī sacked Nālandā in 1197 and Vikramaśīla in 1203 , burning their libraries and destroying priceless literary and artistic treasures.
Keown, D. (2004). India. In A Dictionary of Buddhism. : Oxford University Press. pp. 119
It was natural that the Ghorian - Turkish conquerors should , upon choosing Delhi for their headquarters, start building their city around
Delhi Through the Ages: Selected Essays in Urban History, Culture and Society Robert Eric Frykenberg Oxford University Press pp.20
the Ghurids, another Turkic-speaking people (who had recently overthrown their Ghaznavid suzerains)
World Musics in Context: A Comprehensive Survey of the World's Major Musical Cultures Oxford University Press; Illustrated edition (April 29, 2004) pp.222
Fuller Islamization took place between the tenth and the twelfth century through
the efforts of the Persianized Turkic dynasties of the Ghaznavids and Ghurids.
Afghanistan’s Islam: From Conversion to the Taliban by Nile Green University of California Press pp. 39
Much of Afghanistan, eastern Iran, and modern Pakistan were ruled by the Turkish Ghurids (ca. 390-612/ca. 1000-1215).
“Islam Spreads Its Banner: A THOUSAND YEARS OF CENTRAL ASIAN IMPERALISM: EIGHTH TO NINETEENTH CENTURIES A.D.” Afghanistan, by LOUIS DUPREE, Princeton University Press, PRINCETON, NEW JERSEY, 1980, pp. 312-341.
orthern and eastern India towards the end of the twelfth century and the turn of the thirteenth by the Afghan-Turkish Ghurids brought an end to Buddhist learning,
PREISENDANZ, KARIN. “THE PRODUCTION OF PHILOSOPHICAL LITERATURE IN SOUTH ASIA DURING THE PRE-COLONIAL PERIOD (15TH TO 18TH CENTURIES): THE CASE OF THE ‘NYĀYASŪTRA’ COMMENTARIAL TRADITION.” Journal of Indian Philosophy, vol. 33, no. 1, 2005, pp. 55-94.
Central Asia and India by a myriad of Turkish gubernatorial dynasties (Ghaznavids, Ghurids , Seljuks, Khwarazmshahs), Persian moved ahead of Arabic as the legitimising lan- guage of choice. N
Mitchell, Colin. “Reconsidering State and Constituency in Seventeenth-Century Safavid Iran: The Wax and Wane of the Munshi.” Secretaries and Statecraft in the Early Modern World, edited by Paul M. Dover, Edinburgh University Press, Edinburgh, 2016, pp. 206-234.
Lahore became a capital of two Turko-Afghan dynasties, first the Ghaznavids and later the Ghurids .
DUNN, ROSS E. "Delhi." In The Adventures of Ibn Battuta: A Muslim Traveler of the Fourteenth Century, 183-212. University of California Press, 2012.
Fuller Islamization took place between the tenth and the twelfth century through the efforts of the Persianized Turkic dynasties of the Ghaznavids and Ghurids . Based in the high mountains of central Afghanistan
Azad, Arezou. “The Beginnings of Islam in Afghanistan: Conquest, Acculturation, and Islamization.” Afghanistan's Islam: From Conversion to the Taliban, edited by Nile Green, University of California Press, Oakland, California, 2017, pp. 41-55.
But, the Ghurid Turks and Simnanis defeated 'Masud Badshah' in the plains of Poshang on 13 Safar
HAIDER, MANSURA. “THE REVOLT OF MAHMUD TARABI AND THE SARBADAR MOVEMENT.” Proceedings of the Indian History Congress, vol. 52, 1991, pp. 939-949.
An account of the revelation and early history of Islam including the Umayyad conquest of Sindh is followed by a section entitled "Turks", which subsumes the Ghaznavid raids, the Ghurid conquests and the Delhi
Flatt, Emma J. Bulletin of the School of Oriental and African Studies, University of London, vol. 76, no. 1, 2013, pp. 136-138.
Yet, so poor is our understand- ing of the existing system of Hindu power, that the reasons for the ultimate victory of the Ghurid Turks
Stein, Burton. The Journal of Asian Studies, vol. 25, no. 2, 1966, pp. 353-354.
These included the Seleucid, Greco-Bactrian, Indo-Greek, Mauryan, Parthian, Saca, Yiieh- Chih, Kushan, Sassanian, Hepthalite, Hindu-Shahi, early Muslim Arab, Abbasid, Tahirid, Samanid, Saffarid, Ilek Khan Turk, Ghaznavid, Turkish Ghorid , Seljuk Turk, Turkish Khwarazm Shah, Delhi Sultans, Mongol, Kart, Timurid, Shaybani, Safavid
“Historical Factors Shaping Modern Afghanistan.” Afghanistan's Endless War: State Failure, Regional Politics, and the Rise of the Taliban, by LARRY P. GOODSON, University of Washington Press, Seattle; London, 2001, pp. 23-53.
In his paper on Some Studies in Pre- Mughal Historiography, Mr. P. Hardy holds that Ghorid Turkish invaders "did make possible, however, the introduction of historiography as a deliberate form of cultural expression with a conscious interest in what actually happened in the past, into Hindustan proper"
Datta, K.K. India Quarterly, vol. 20, no. 1, 1964, pp. 70-77.
The army which Shihab - u'd - din Ghuri led to defeat at the first battle of Tarain consisted entirely of Ghurian Turks ( now called Hazaras ) and the Khaljis , who lived on the banks of the river Helmund.
Religion and Politics in India During the Thirteenth Century K̲h̲alīq Aḥmad Niz̤āmī, Khaliq Ahmad Nizami Oxford University Press, 2002 pp.29
Footnote He states: “The invasions of the Ghurian Turks brought about this great social and economic revolution
OBROCK, L. (2020). Uddhara's World: Geographies of Piety and Trade in Sultanate South Asia. Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society, 1-23. doi:10.1017/S1356186320000528
@ALP ER TUNGA yaqub leis=♿️♿️♿️
Long live Greater khorasan...
Tajiks Aryan
@@zarakl821 please tell me more about this. I want to learn.
U said Aryan ?😠😨
@@zarakl821 ghurid was Tajik Shut up Bich
Tajiks are a mixture of different peoples and are not all of the same origin therefore no. Ghorids were Pashtuns and belonged to the Suri confideration. So stop stealing Afghan history.
Britannica saying Ghurids are Oghuz Turks
I really enjoyed this video. More like these (not necessarily from the Indian subcontinent) would be appreciated!
Ollie bye when 4 Episode of History of the world series?
ghors were afghans
Ghurid where Tajik!!!!
Ghurid
In 1148, Ala-ud-Din of the
nomadic Guzz Turks from the mountains of Afghanistan conquered the region of Ghur in eastern Iran, which gave its name to his Ghurid Empire (1148 - 1215).
studybuddhism.com/en/advanced-studies/history-culture/buddhism-islam-advanced/buddhist-muslim-interaction-later-abbasid-period/ghurid-campaigns-on-the-indian-subcontinent
They were followed by the Ghaznavid and Ghorid Turks. The first Turki invaders reached Bengal c.1200 and an important Muslim center was established there, principally through conversion of the Hindus.
www.factmonster.com/encyclopedia/places/asia/pakistan-bangladesh/pakistan/history
Historical writing too was something that the Ghorid Turks introduced to India
www.everyculture.com/South-Asia/Muslim.html
as by the recently con- verted Turkish tribes (Ghaznavids, Ghorids, Khaljis, and others) who were to transform India.
brill.com/search?pageSize=10&sort=relevance&q4=Ghorids
… was usurped by chiefs of Turkish origin , the Ghaznavids , Ghurids , and Seljuks , who leaned on orthodox Islam against both Sh ' ism and Zoroastrianism .
books.google.com.tr/books?hl=tr&id=vg3YAAAAMAAJ&dq=ghaznavids%2CENCYCLOPEDIAAMERICANA&focus=searchwithinvolume&q=Ghurids (Encyclopedia Americana)
Although he was victorious in 1192 , in his first encounter with the Turkish invader, Muhammad Ghuri, in 1193 he was defeated and killed thus opening the way for the founding of the Delhi sultanate.
www.oxfordreference.com/search?q=Ghuri&searchBtn=Search&isQuickSearch=true
The Turkic general Mahmud Shabuddin Ghorī sacked Nālandā in 1197 and Vikramaśīla in 1203 , burning their libraries and destroying priceless literary and artistic treasures.
www.oxfordreference.com/search?q=Ghori&searchBtn=Search&isQuickSearch=true
Ghurids, Delhi's Sultans were Turkic and great patrons of Persianate culture.
ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:53a48196-ac0e-4510-b74d-794c48e976ed/download_file?file_format=pdf&safe_filename=THESIS01&type_of_work=Thesis
post-nomadic Turko-Mongol dynasties in the subcontinent-the Ghaznavids, the Ghurids and their Turkish military slaves, the Khalajis, Tughluqs, and Sayyids all lasted a mere hundred years or even less.
www.oxfordhandbooks.com/view/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199935369.001.0001/oxfordhb-9780199935369-e-29
@@talyshkhanate5979 Ghurid empire was Pashtun tribes of ghor they were formerly some Buddhist before adopting Islam from former Afghan emperor sultan mahmud of ghazni.Ghiyath al-Din Muhammad,Shah Hussian Ghori was Pashtun as long as other commanders of the empire.The ghurid spoke Pashto and the army and administration were mainly consisted of ethnic Afghan Pashtuns.Ghauris were Pashtuns, linguistically and culturally They were tribal people of ghoristan mountains, divided into numerous tribes.
Among the numerous Ghorid chiefs, the Shansabani tribe had the most authority over all the other Ghorid tribes "the Shansabani were a tribe and the Ghauris were structured as a tribal society.If you look at the Geneology of the Shansabani Tribe; you notice that the Patriarch of the Shansabani rulers possesses the name "Suri". e.g Sayf ud-Din Suri (1146-1149 ). Mohammad ibn suri, who was ancestor of shahabudin ghauri.
Baihaqi who is considered as the most famous historian of the Ghaznavid era had written in page 117 that "Sultan Massud leaves for (jaroos ghoor) “jai darmeshi paat”... and sends his learned companion with two people from Ghor as interpreter between this person and the people of that region.Amir karor suri, malak ya gharsheen and
asad suri were famous pashto poets from ghor/ghoristan region before times of mongol invasion.
Ghor itself is a pashto word which means mountain.
The Suri tribe of the Afghans inhabited the mountains of Ghor east of Furrah and their principal cities were Ghore, Feruzi and Bamian (Gazetteer of the world or dictionary of geographical knowledge. Vol 5. London: A Fullerton and Company. p. 61.)
Also Note that original abode of numerous pashtun tribes was ghor e.g Niazis, mohmands, lodhis, suris etc. Mongol invasion annihilated ghor, forcing remnants of ghorid tribes to move eastward.
Amir Ibn-i Suri
Amir Suri was a non-Muslim king in the region of Ghor from an ancient dynasty and he was defeated by Mahmud of Ghazni. According to Minhaju-S Siraj, Amir Suri was captured by Mahmud of Ghazni, made prisoner along with his son and taken to Ghazni, where Amir Suri died by poisoning himself.
It was also the last stronghold of an ancient religion professed by the inhabitants when all their neighbors had become Muslim. In the 11th century AD Mahmud of Ghazni defeated the prince of Ghor Ibn -I-Suri, and made him prisoner in a severely-contested engagement in the valley of Ahingaran. Ibn-I-Suri is called a Hindu by the author, who has recorded his overthrow; it does not follow that he was one by religion or by race, but merely that he was not Muhammadan
(The Kingdom of Afghanistan: a historical sketch By George Passman Tate Edition: illustrated Published by Asian Educational Services, 2001 Page 12)
According to recorded Afghan tradition, Surs are descended from the Ghori tribe. Several books by Islamic historians including Tarikh-I-Guzida of Hamdu-lla-Mustaufi, Towareekh Yumny, as well as Ferishta record that besides Muslim Surs there were also Non-Muslim Hindu and Buddhist Surs, who were attacked by Mahmud of Ghazni and converted to Islam by him.
Sultan Mahumud now went to fight with the Ghorians , who were infidels at that time. Suri, their chief, was killed in this war, and his son was taken prisoner; but he killed himself by sucking poison which he had kept under the stone of his ring. The country of Ghor was annexed to that of the Sultan, and the population thereof converted to Islam. He now attacked the fort of Bhim, where was a temple of the Hindus
(Tarikh -I-Guzida of Hamdu-lla-Mustaufi. Page 65 from The History of India told by its own Historians H M Eliot and Dowson Volume 3)
'In the following year AH 401 (AD 1010), Mahmood led his army towards Ghoor . The native prince of the country, Mahomed, of the Afghan tribe of Soor (the same race which gave birth to the dynasty that eventually succeeded in subverting the family of Sebüktigin), occupied an entrinched camp with 10,000 men. Mahmood was repulsed in repeated assaults which he made from morning till noon. Finding that the troops of Ghoor defended their entrenchments with such obstinacy, he caused his army to retreat in apparent confusion, in order to allure the enemy out of his fortified position. The Ghoorians, deceived by the stratagem, pursued the army of Ghizny; when the king, facing about, attacked and defeated them with great slaughter. Mahommed Soor, being made prisoner was brought to the king, but having taken poison, which he always kept under his ring, he died in a few hours; his country was annexed to the dominions of Ghizny. The author of the Towareekh Yumny affirms, that neither the sovereigns of Ghoor nor its inhabitants were Mahomedans till after this victory; whilst the author of the Tubkat-Nasiry, and Fukhr-ood-Deen Moobarik Shah Lody, the latter of whom wrote a history of the Kings of Ghoor in verse, both affirm, that they were converted many years before, even so early as the time of Ally
(Ferishta-Translation John Briggs, p. 28 vol 1)
Shah Hussain was descended from the younger branch of the Ghorian race, while Muhammad-i-Suri, said to be the great-great-grandfather of the Sultans Ghiyas-ud-Din and Muizz-ud-Din (Muhammad of ghor) was descended from the elder branch, with whom sovereignty lay. Shah Hussain by one of his Afghan wives, had three sons, Ghalzi, Ibrahim surnamed Lodi, and Sarwani. The Afghan tribe of Sur was founded by Sur, son of Ismail, grandson of Lodi ("Glossary of the Tribes and Castes of the Punjab and North West Frontier Province" H.A. Rose, Ibetson 1990, P210)
Mahuy Suri
Mahuy Suri was the Sasanian governor of Merv in Khorasan during the reign of Yazdegerd iii.(The Shah-Namah of Fardusi translation by Alexander Rogers LPP Publication Page 547)
Muhammad ibn Suri
First king of ghorid dyansty.
It is said that Muhammad was a great king and most of the territories of Ghor were in his possession. But as many of the inhabitants of Ghor of High and low degree had not yet embraced Islam, there was constant strife among them. The Saffarids came from Nimruz to Bust and Dawar, Ya'qub al-Saffar overpowered Lak-Lak, who was the chief of Takinabad, in the country of Rukhaj. The Ghorians sought the safety in Sara-sang and dwelt there in security but even among them hostilities constantly prevailed between the Muslims and the infidels. One castle was at war with another castle, and their feuds were unceasing; but owing to the inaccessibility of the mountains of Rasiat, which are in Ghor no foreigner was able to overcome them, and Muhammad was the head of all the Mandeshis.(The History of India as told by its own Historians by Eliot and Dowson, Volume 2 page 284)
Ghor itself was a country of infidels, containing only a few Musulmans, and the inhabitants spoke a language different from that of Khurasan (The History of India as told by its own Historians by Eliot and Dowson, Volume 2 page 576)
Amir Kror Suri
Famous Pashto poet and governor of mandesh (ghor).
...............
Some more references
"...the prevalent and apparently the correct opinion is, that both they and their subjects were Afghans. " & "In the time of Sultan Mahmud it was held, as has been observed, by a prince whom Ferishta calls Mohammed Soory (or Sur) Afghan.
(Elphinstone, Mountstuart. The History of India. Vol. 1 p.598-599)
The History of India - Mountstuart Elphinstone - Google Books
"the founder of the Ghori dynaasty, was a native of Afghansitan. The origin of the house of Ghor has, however, been much discussed, - the prevailing opinion being that both they and their subjects were an Afghan race."
(The Cyclopædia of India and of Eastern and Southern Asia, Commercial ... - Edward Balfour - Google Books
@@ramirez4295
I cannot conclude this head on the Ghorians without mentioning a remarkable passage found in Janabi, who calls the Ghorides Turks, whilst they are generally reckoned to belong to the Afghans; if it is not, perhaps, to be understood, that only the reigning family was of a Turkish origin. This passage runs thus:-"The first who became known of the Ghorian kings, are the descendants of Hossain; who are a race of Turks, that came from Khata to the mountains of Ghor.
The author of the Khulassat Ulansab, who is very careful in distinguishing the real Afghans from those that are either supposed or erroneously pretend to be Afghans, seems, too, to consider the Ghorian dynasty as a Turkish race: in support of which assertion, I shall insert here a passage relative to this subject:-" When the dynasty of Sultan Mahmud and his descendants became extinct, Sultan Moezz Uddin ben Sam, who is known in Hindustan by the name of Shahab Uddin Ghori, set up for absolute monarch
Nimat Allah, H. (2013). ANNOTATIONS ON PART THE FIRST. In B. Dorn (Trans.), History of the Afghans: Translated from the Persian of Neamet Ullah (Cambridge Library Collection - Perspectives from the Royal Asiatic Society, pp. 255-314). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. doi:10.1017/CBO9781139507653.014
Mosques pre-dating the twelfth-century conquest of India by the Ghurid Turkic dynasty also seem to have abided by a strict avoidance of icons (aniconism ) despite - or because of? - the conspicuous presence of Hindu imagery.
Formichi, C. (2020). Becoming Muslim (Seventh to Eighteenth Centuries). In Islam and Asia: A History (New Approaches to Asian History, pp. 42-74). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. doi:10.1017/9781316226803.005
This process would later lead to the creation of the Delhi kingdom by the Ghurids - Turco-Afghans who succeeded the Ghaznavids - during the twelfth century.
Beaujard, P. (2019). India: From the Chola Empire to the Delhi Sultanate. In The Worlds of the Indian Ocean: A Global History (pp. 216-251). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. doi:10.1017/9781108341219.010
A.D. 1200 of the Ghurid Turks, the first Muslim dynasty of the subcontinent, a new and different era begins. The rapid expansion of Muslim rule in the early thirteenth century brought peace and stability to large portions of North India for the first time in centuries. Secure borders and safe roads encouraged expansion of trade. A routinized system of administration led to the founding of a network of administrative centers.
Blake, S. (1991). City and Empire. In Shahjahanabad: The Sovereign City in Mughal India 1639-1739 (Cambridge South Asian Studies, pp. 1-25). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. doi:10.1017/CBO9780511563225.002
The Ghurids (1149-1215) A Sunni Turkic dynasty that grew out of its original base Firuzkuh (near Jam) in Afghanistan and expanded into India; its most famous ruler, Ghiyath al-Din Muhammad b. Sam (r. 1163-1203) , was also a patron of artchitecture, such as structures at Herat,Jam, and Chist.Ghiyath
El-Hibri, T. (2021). The Abbasid Caliphate: A History. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. pp.295
Drawn from the Turkish nomads of the northern steppes, these horseback war- riors formed the ruling aristocracy of the Islamic states that would dominate north India for the following seven hundred years. The Ghaznavids (977-1186), under the leadership of Mahmud of Ghazni, conquered much of the Punjab, establishing their capital in Lahore. They were followed by another dynasty of Turkish warriors, the Ghurids (1186-1215), who under Qutb al-Din Aibak (1206-10), occupied Delhi.
Blake, S. (2016). The observatory in Shahjahanabad. In Astronomy and Astrology in the Islamic World (pp. 120-133). Edinburgh University Press.
Although he was victorious in 1192 , in his first encounter with the Turkish invader, Muhammad Ghuri, in 1193 he was defeated and killed thus opening the way for the founding of the Delhi sultanate.
(2015). Prithviraj III. In Kerr, A., & Wright, E. (Eds.), A Dictionary of World History. : Oxford University Press pp. 538
The Turkic general Mahmud Shabuddin Ghorī sacked Nālandā in 1197 and Vikramaśīla in 1203 , burning their libraries and destroying priceless literary and artistic treasures.
Keown, D. (2004). India. In A Dictionary of Buddhism. : Oxford University Press. pp. 119
It was natural that the Ghorian - Turkish conquerors should , upon choosing Delhi for their headquarters, start building their city around
Delhi Through the Ages: Selected Essays in Urban History, Culture and Society Robert Eric Frykenberg Oxford University Press pp.20
the Ghurids, another Turkic-speaking people (who had recently overthrown their Ghaznavid suzerains)
World Musics in Context: A Comprehensive Survey of the World's Major Musical Cultures Oxford University Press; Illustrated edition (April 29, 2004) pp.222
Fuller Islamization took place between the tenth and the twelfth century through
the efforts of the Persianized Turkic dynasties of the Ghaznavids and Ghurids.
Afghanistan’s Islam: From Conversion to the Taliban by Nile Green University of California Press pp. 39
Much of Afghanistan, eastern Iran, and modern Pakistan were ruled by the Turkish Ghurids (ca. 390-612/ca. 1000-1215).
“Islam Spreads Its Banner: A THOUSAND YEARS OF CENTRAL ASIAN IMPERALISM: EIGHTH TO NINETEENTH CENTURIES A.D.” Afghanistan, by LOUIS DUPREE, Princeton University Press, PRINCETON, NEW JERSEY, 1980, pp. 312-341.
orthern and eastern India towards the end of the twelfth century and the turn of the thirteenth by the Afghan-Turkish Ghurids brought an end to Buddhist learning,
PREISENDANZ, KARIN. “THE PRODUCTION OF PHILOSOPHICAL LITERATURE IN SOUTH ASIA DURING THE PRE-COLONIAL PERIOD (15TH TO 18TH CENTURIES): THE CASE OF THE ‘NYĀYASŪTRA’ COMMENTARIAL TRADITION.” Journal of Indian Philosophy, vol. 33, no. 1, 2005, pp. 55-94.
Central Asia and India by a myriad of Turkish gubernatorial dynasties (Ghaznavids, Ghurids , Seljuks, Khwarazmshahs), Persian moved ahead of Arabic as the legitimising lan- guage of choice. N
Mitchell, Colin. “Reconsidering State and Constituency in Seventeenth-Century Safavid Iran: The Wax and Wane of the Munshi.” Secretaries and Statecraft in the Early Modern World, edited by Paul M. Dover, Edinburgh University Press, Edinburgh, 2016, pp. 206-234.
Lahore became a capital of two Turko-Afghan dynasties, first the Ghaznavids and later the Ghurids .
DUNN, ROSS E. "Delhi." In The Adventures of Ibn Battuta: A Muslim Traveler of the Fourteenth Century, 183-212. University of California Press, 2012.
Fuller Islamization took place between the tenth and the twelfth century through the efforts of the Persianized Turkic dynasties of the Ghaznavids and Ghurids . Based in the high mountains of central Afghanistan
Azad, Arezou. “The Beginnings of Islam in Afghanistan: Conquest, Acculturation, and Islamization.” Afghanistan's Islam: From Conversion to the Taliban, edited by Nile Green, University of California Press, Oakland, California, 2017, pp. 41-55.
But, the Ghurid Turks and Simnanis defeated 'Masud Badshah' in the plains of Poshang on 13 Safar
HAIDER, MANSURA. “THE REVOLT OF MAHMUD TARABI AND THE SARBADAR MOVEMENT.” Proceedings of the Indian History Congress, vol. 52, 1991, pp. 939-949.
An account of the revelation and early history of Islam including the Umayyad conquest of Sindh is followed by a section entitled "Turks", which subsumes the Ghaznavid raids, the Ghurid conquests and the Delhi
Flatt, Emma J. Bulletin of the School of Oriental and African Studies, University of London, vol. 76, no. 1, 2013, pp. 136-138.
Yet, so poor is our understand- ing of the existing system of Hindu power, that the reasons for the ultimate victory of the Ghurid Turks
Stein, Burton. The Journal of Asian Studies, vol. 25, no. 2, 1966, pp. 353-354.
These included the Seleucid, Greco-Bactrian, Indo-Greek, Mauryan, Parthian, Saca, Yiieh- Chih, Kushan, Sassanian, Hepthalite, Hindu-Shahi, early Muslim Arab, Abbasid, Tahirid, Samanid, Saffarid, Ilek Khan Turk, Ghaznavid, Turkish Ghorid , Seljuk Turk, Turkish Khwarazm Shah, Delhi Sultans, Mongol, Kart, Timurid, Shaybani, Safavid
“Historical Factors Shaping Modern Afghanistan.” Afghanistan's Endless War: State Failure, Regional Politics, and the Rise of the Taliban, by LARRY P. GOODSON, University of Washington Press, Seattle; London, 2001, pp. 23-53.
In his paper on Some Studies in Pre- Mughal Historiography, Mr. P. Hardy holds that Ghorid Turkish invaders "did make possible, however, the introduction of historiography as a deliberate form of cultural expression with a conscious interest in what actually happened in the past, into Hindustan proper"
Datta, K.K. India Quarterly, vol. 20, no. 1, 1964, pp. 70-77.
The army which Shihab - u'd - din Ghuri led to defeat at the first battle of Tarain consisted entirely of Ghurian Turks ( now called Hazaras ) and the Khaljis , who lived on the banks of the river Helmund.
Religion and Politics in India During the Thirteenth Century K̲h̲alīq Aḥmad Niz̤āmī, Khaliq Ahmad Nizami Oxford University Press, 2002 pp.29
Footnote He states: “The invasions of the Ghurian Turks brought about this great social and economic revolution
OBROCK, L. (2020). Uddhara's World: Geographies of Piety and Trade in Sultanate South Asia. Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society, 1-23. doi:10.1017/S1356186320000528
The Ghurids (1149-1215) A Sunni Turkic dynasty that grew out of its original base Firuzkuh (near Jam) in Afghanistan and expanded into India; its most famous ruler, Ghiyath al-Din Muhammad b. Sam (r. 1163-1203) , was also a patron of artchitecture, such as structures at Herat,Jam, and Chist.Ghiyath
El-Hibri, T. (2021). The Abbasid Caliphate: A History. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. pp.295
You Mongolian Turks are everywhere claiming every empire I think prophet adam was also Turkish Ghurid dynasty is an afghan pashtun dynasty not Iranian they were from sur tribe the founder of ghurid dynasty was amir suri and sur is an pashtun tribe
@@Mt7hr_1229 yeah bro I swear these Mongoloids.😂
@@Mt7hr_1229Fr
I am learning a lot about nations that I knew nothing or very little about before. Thanks.
You and Tigerstar still haven't done any detailed Roman Empire video.
“tion reveals on the one hand differences between the literary norm and the dialectal practice , and on the other hand - the fact that in someplaces the Iranian - speaking population in towns coexisted side by side with autochthnonous non - Iranian inhabitants in rustaks ( rural regions ) .
In the middle of the 10th century , the population of the Ghur province in all probability was non - Iranian . That assumption is confirming from the next remark by al - Istakhri : “ Their speech differs from the language of Khurasanians ” ( p . 281 ) .
The contrasting of the Ghur language with the language of Khurasanian people ( not with any dialect ) indirectly indicates to the prevalence of another , non - Iranian ethnic group in Ghur .”
Aliy Kolesnikov. “The Early Muslim Geographers on the Ethnic Situation in Khurasan (IX-XIII Centuries A.D.).” Iran & the Caucasus, vol. 1, 1997, pp. 17-24.
can you make video about Conquests khalid bin waleed
Brock Lesnar LOL the stupid propagandas. Actually 200 thousand armed Persian soldiers were fucked by 40 thousand Muslim Arab. ALLAH AKBAR
The battles of khalid bin waleed "632 year" were after the war of the Byzantines and the Persians"602 to 628 "
Most of the battles were Byzantine and Persian armies that were larger than the Arab army
The Arabs did not invade India , Only one campaign by Muhammad bin Qasim to sindh
Brock Lesnar are you stupid? Do you know the variation of 200 thousand soldier and 40 thousand Muslim. Also they had tens of elephants. So are you going to say that elephants were exhausted?
there was no mention in any of the Arab historical sources that Muhammad ibn Al-Qasim was defeated. The battle of Rajasthan never occured except in poetry and legend. Muhammad ibn Al-Qasim went till Multan and beyond but decided to make the Chenab river his frontier because of lack of troops (He conquered half of todays Pakistan with only 20k regulars and 15-20k allies). Qasim was excecuted because he allegedly took a princess of one of the conquered kingdoms as his concubine which was forbidden since royals always were taken to the Caliphal household and since she was pagan it was considered adultry.
This style is awesome!
Is it true that to mark the 800 years of Muslim conquest of India in 1192, a mosque was destroyed in 1992 in Ayodhya?
Pashtun empire
(Afghan Empire)
Ecyclopaedia Iranica, C.E. Bosworth, ("Ghurids" "... [...] Nor do we know anything about the ethnic stock of the Ghori's in general and the Sansabanis in particular; We can only assume that they were eastern Iranian Tajiks ...
Even the biggest supporter of this hypothesis can't go beyond guessing / speculation . Why? Because this hypothesis has no evidence.
The Ghurids' native language was apparently different from their court language, Persian. Abu'l-Fadl Bayhaqi, the famous historian of the Ghaznavid era, wrote on page 117 in his book Tarikh-i Bayhaqi: "Sultan Mas'ud I of Ghaznileft for Ghoristan and sent his learned companion with two people from Ghor as interpreters between this person and the people of that region." However, like the Samanids and Ghaznavids, the Ghurids were great patrons of Persian literature, poetry, and culture, and promoted these in their courts as their own. Contemporary book writers refer to them as the "Persianized Ghurids".[21]
There is nothing to confirm the recent surmise that the inhabitants of Ghor were originally Pashto-speaking, and claims of the existence of Pashto poetry (as in Pata Khazana) from the Ghurid period are unsubstantiated.[22][15]
I cannot conclude this head on the Ghorians without mentioning a remarkable passage found in Janabi, who calls the Ghorides Turks, whilst they are generally reckoned to belong to the Afghans; if it is not, perhaps, to be understood, that only the reigning family was of a Turkish origin. This passage runs thus:-"The first who became known of the Ghorian kings, are the descendants of Hossain; who are a race of Turks, that came from Khata to the mountains of Ghor.
The author of the Khulassat Ulansab, who is very careful in distinguishing the real Afghans from those that are either supposed or erroneously pretend to be Afghans, seems, too, to consider the Ghorian dynasty as a Turkish race: in support of which assertion, I shall insert here a passage relative to this subject:-" When the dynasty of Sultan Mahmud and his descendants became extinct, Sultan Moezz Uddin ben Sam, who is known in Hindustan by the name of Shahab Uddin Ghori, set up for absolute monarch
Nimat Allah, H. (2013). ANNOTATIONS ON PART THE FIRST. In B. Dorn (Trans.), History of the Afghans: Translated from the Persian of Neamet Ullah (Cambridge Library Collection - Perspectives from the Royal Asiatic Society, pp. 255-314). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. doi:10.1017/CBO9781139507653.014
tion reveals on the one hand differences between the literary norm and the dialectal practice , and on the other hand - the fact that in someplaces the Iranian - speaking population in towns coexisted side by side with autochthnonous non - Iranian inhabitants in rustaks ( rural regions ) .
In the middle of the 10th century , the population of the Ghur province in all probability was non - Iranian . That assumption is confirming from the next remark by al - Istakhri : “ Their speech differs from the language of Khurasanians ” ( p . 281 ) .
The contrasting of the Ghur language with the language of Khurasanian people ( not with any dialect ) indirectly indicates to the prevalence of another , non - Iranian ethnic group in Ghur .
Aliy Kolesnikov. “The Early Muslim Geographers on the Ethnic Situation in Khurasan (IX-XIII Centuries A.D.).” Iran & the Caucasus, vol. 1, 1997, pp. 17-24.
The Ghurids (1149-1215) A Sunni Turkic dynasty that grew out of its original base Firuzkuh (near Jam) in Afghanistan and expanded into India; its most famous ruler, Ghiyath al-Din Muhammad b. Sam (r. 1163-1203) , was also a patron of artchitecture, such as structures at Herat,Jam, and Chist.Ghiyath
El-Hibri, T. (2021). The Abbasid Caliphate: A History. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. pp.295
Mosques pre-dating the twelfth-century conquest of India by the Ghurid Turkic dynasty also seem to have abided by a strict avoidance of icons (aniconism ) despite - or because of? - the conspicuous presence of Hindu imagery.
Formichi, C. (2020). Becoming Muslim (Seventh to Eighteenth Centuries). In Islam and Asia: A History (New Approaches to Asian History, pp. 42-74). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. doi:10.1017/9781316226803.005
Tajik dynasty
Turkish empire
@@papazataklaattiranimam 🖕
Фарход Ахмедов
Stanford accepted cry😡
The Sāmānids, Ghaznavids, Ghūrids, and Seljuqs were of Oğuz extraction.
www.britannica.com/art/Central-Asian-arts/Eastern-Turkistan
In the 12th century the Ghūrid Turks were driven out of Khorāsān and later out of Ghazna by the Khwārezm-Shah dynasty.
www.britannica.com/place/India/The-Rajputs#ref485520
The Sultanate period, which lasted from the late twelfth to the early sixteenth centuries, began with the invasion of India by Muiz al-Din Ghori, who was of Turkish origin.
Historical writing too was something that the Ghorid Turks introduced to India, starting a tradition that continued through the Mogul historians to the British, French, and South Asian historians of modern times.
www.encyclopedia.com/philosophy-and-religion/islam/islam/muslim
They were followed by the Ghaznavid and Ghorid Turks.
www.infoplease.com/encyclopedia/places/asia/pakistan-bangladesh/pakistan/history
Persianized Turkic dynasties of the Ghaznavids and Ghurids.
library.oapen.org/bitstream/id/668aac3a-2798-47ec-8469-474d96298ea5/621501.pdf
Ghurids, Delhi's Sultans were Turkic and great patrons of Persianate culture.
ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:53a48196-ac0e-4510-b74d-794c48e976ed/download_file?file_format=pdf&safe_filename=THESIS01&type_of_work=Thesis
Ghaznavid and Ghurid, both of the Turkish dynasties.
dx.doi.org/10.2458/azu_acku_ds_354_6_h3_p65_1989
by the invading Ghūrīd Turks.
insa.nic.in/writereaddata/UpLoadedFiles/IJHS/Vol48_3_3_RCKapoor.pdf
Ghurids ( Turks)
onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/9781119199601.index/pdf
Ghurid Turks entered northern India in 1192, and they, their successors, or former.
www.slv.vic.gov.au/sites/default/files/La-Trobe-Journal-91-Barbara-Brend.pdf
the Ghurid Turks were driven out of Khurasan and later out of Ghazna by the Khwarzim Shahis .
shodhganga.inflibnet.ac.in/bitstream/10603/55107/6/06_chapter%201.pdf
Ghurid Turks defeat the Ghazni Turks in the Punjab.
www.metmuseum.org/toah/ht/07/ssn.html
Toward the end of the twelfth century, however, the Ghaznavids were themselves overrun by another Turkish confederation, the chiefs of Ghur, located in the hills of central Afghanistan.
One of the clearest statements of this political vision was given by Fakhr al-Din Razi (d. 1209) of Herat, a celebrated Iranian scholar and jurist who served several Khurasani princes, in particular those of the Ghurid dynasty of Turks.
publishing.cdlib.org/ucpressebooks/view?docId=ft067n99v9&chunk.id=ch02&toc.depth=1&toc.id=ch02&brand=ucpress
To the east, Ghurid Turks entered northern India in 1192, and they, their successors, or former vassals ruled for some three centuries in a tract of history that can loosely be called the Sultanate Period
www.slv.vic.gov.au/sites/default/files/La-Trobe-Journal-91-Barbara-Brend.pdf
Samanids, Ghaznavids, Ghorids and Seljukids (Turks who ruled in Persia).
egyankosh.ac.in/bitstream/123456789/22078/1/Unit-19.pdf
The Rajput rulers of that time did not realize the gravity of the Turkish menace, under the leadership of Ghaznavid Turks or the Ghurid Turks.
www.pramanaresearch.org/gallery/prj-p527.pdf
It would therefore, not have been surprising if Muslim thought in India had been stillborn of such parents. But al though the Ghorid Turks and Afghans themselves were rude and uncouth, they became, nevertheless, the guardians of a proud and rich emigre civilization.
scholarworks.wmich.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=2275&context=honors_theses
They were followed by the Ghaznavid and Ghorid Turks.
www.washingtonpost.com/wp-srv/world/countries/pakistan.html
Thus the Ghorid conquest of India was really a revolution of Indian city labour led by the. Ghorid Turks.
rrjournals.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/07/155-158_RRIJM190407038.pdf
Some of the prominent names of Turkish rulers in Hindustan are Mahmud of Ghazni, Muhammad Gori, Kutubuddin Aybak, Iltutmish, Balban, and of course, Khiljis (known as Halach, in Turkish kh becomes h) and Tughlaks.
www.cs.colostate.edu/~malaiya/turkish.html
@@tajik_dari_farsi7620
Ghurid
In 1148, Ala-ud-Din of the
nomadic Guzz Turks from the mountains of Afghanistan conquered the region of Ghur in eastern Iran, which gave its name to his Ghurid Empire (1148 - 1215).
studybuddhism.com/en/advanced-studies/history-culture/buddhism-islam-advanced/buddhist-muslim-interaction-later-abbasid-period/ghurid-campaigns-on-the-indian-subcontinent
This is some top-notch work!
This is innovation. Good on you mate.
Turkish Empire
Allah da türk
@@hakankzlkaya9394 aklın yok fikrin var
Ghurid empire was Pashtun tribes of ghor they were formerly some Buddhist before adopting Islam from former Afghan emperor sultan mahmud of ghazni.Ghiyath al-Din Muhammad,Shah Hussian Ghori was Pashtun as long as other commanders of the empire.The ghurid spoke Pashto and the army and administration were mainly consisted of ethnic Afghan Pashtuns.Ghauris were Pashtuns, linguistically and culturally They were tribal people of ghoristan mountains, divided into numerous tribes.
Among the numerous Ghorid chiefs, the Shansabani tribe had the most authority over all the other Ghorid tribes "the Shansabani were a tribe and the Ghauris were structured as a tribal society.If you look at the Geneology of the Shansabani Tribe; you notice that the Patriarch of the Shansabani rulers possesses the name "Suri". e.g Sayf ud-Din Suri (1146-1149 ). Mohammad ibn suri, who was ancestor of shahabudin ghauri.
Baihaqi who is considered as the most famous historian of the Ghaznavid era had written in page 117 that "Sultan Massud leaves for (jaroos ghoor) “jai darmeshi paat”... and sends his learned companion with two people from Ghor as interpreter between this person and the people of that region.Amir karor suri, malak ya gharsheen and
asad suri were famous pashto poets from ghor/ghoristan region before times of mongol invasion.
Ghor itself is a pashto word which means mountain.
The Suri tribe of the Afghans inhabited the mountains of Ghor east of Furrah and their principal cities were Ghore, Feruzi and Bamian (Gazetteer of the world or dictionary of geographical knowledge. Vol 5. London: A Fullerton and Company. p. 61.)
Also Note that original abode of numerous pashtun tribes was ghor e.g Niazis, mohmands, lodhis, suris etc. Mongol invasion annihilated ghor, forcing remnants of ghorid tribes to move eastward.
Amir Ibn-i Suri
Amir Suri was a non-Muslim king in the region of Ghor from an ancient dynasty and he was defeated by Mahmud of Ghazni. According to Minhaju-S Siraj, Amir Suri was captured by Mahmud of Ghazni, made prisoner along with his son and taken to Ghazni, where Amir Suri died by poisoning himself.
It was also the last stronghold of an ancient religion professed by the inhabitants when all their neighbors had become Muslim. In the 11th century AD Mahmud of Ghazni defeated the prince of Ghor Ibn -I-Suri, and made him prisoner in a severely-contested engagement in the valley of Ahingaran. Ibn-I-Suri is called a Hindu by the author, who has recorded his overthrow; it does not follow that he was one by religion or by race, but merely that he was not Muhammadan
(The Kingdom of Afghanistan: a historical sketch By George Passman Tate Edition: illustrated Published by Asian Educational Services, 2001 Page 12)
According to recorded Afghan tradition, Surs are descended from the Ghori tribe. Several books by Islamic historians including Tarikh-I-Guzida of Hamdu-lla-Mustaufi, Towareekh Yumny, as well as Ferishta record that besides Muslim Surs there were also Non-Muslim Hindu and Buddhist Surs, who were attacked by Mahmud of Ghazni and converted to Islam by him.
Sultan Mahumud now went to fight with the Ghorians , who were infidels at that time. Suri, their chief, was killed in this war, and his son was taken prisoner; but he killed himself by sucking poison which he had kept under the stone of his ring. The country of Ghor was annexed to that of the Sultan, and the population thereof converted to Islam. He now attacked the fort of Bhim, where was a temple of the Hindus
(Tarikh -I-Guzida of Hamdu-lla-Mustaufi. Page 65 from The History of India told by its own Historians H M Eliot and Dowson Volume 3)
'In the following year AH 401 (AD 1010), Mahmood led his army towards Ghoor . The native prince of the country, Mahomed, of the Afghan tribe of Soor (the same race which gave birth to the dynasty that eventually succeeded in subverting the family of Sebüktigin), occupied an entrinched camp with 10,000 men. Mahmood was repulsed in repeated assaults which he made from morning till noon. Finding that the troops of Ghoor defended their entrenchments with such obstinacy, he caused his army to retreat in apparent confusion, in order to allure the enemy out of his fortified position. The Ghoorians, deceived by the stratagem, pursued the army of Ghizny; when the king, facing about, attacked and defeated them with great slaughter. Mahommed Soor, being made prisoner was brought to the king, but having taken poison, which he always kept under his ring, he died in a few hours; his country was annexed to the dominions of Ghizny. The author of the Towareekh Yumny affirms, that neither the sovereigns of Ghoor nor its inhabitants were Mahomedans till after this victory; whilst the author of the Tubkat-Nasiry, and Fukhr-ood-Deen Moobarik Shah Lody, the latter of whom wrote a history of the Kings of Ghoor in verse, both affirm, that they were converted many years before, even so early as the time of Ally
(Ferishta-Translation John Briggs, p. 28 vol 1)
Shah Hussain was descended from the younger branch of the Ghorian race, while Muhammad-i-Suri, said to be the great-great-grandfather of the Sultans Ghiyas-ud-Din and Muizz-ud-Din (Muhammad of ghor) was descended from the elder branch, with whom sovereignty lay. Shah Hussain by one of his Afghan wives, had three sons, Ghalzi, Ibrahim surnamed Lodi, and Sarwani. The Afghan tribe of Sur was founded by Sur, son of Ismail, grandson of Lodi ("Glossary of the Tribes and Castes of the Punjab and North West Frontier Province" H.A. Rose, Ibetson 1990, P210)
Mahuy Suri
Mahuy Suri was the Sasanian governor of Merv in Khorasan during the reign of Yazdegerd iii.(The Shah-Namah of Fardusi translation by Alexander Rogers LPP Publication Page 547)
Muhammad ibn Suri
First king of ghorid dyansty.
It is said that Muhammad was a great king and most of the territories of Ghor were in his possession. But as many of the inhabitants of Ghor of High and low degree had not yet embraced Islam, there was constant strife among them. The Saffarids came from Nimruz to Bust and Dawar, Ya'qub al-Saffar overpowered Lak-Lak, who was the chief of Takinabad, in the country of Rukhaj. The Ghorians sought the safety in Sara-sang and dwelt there in security but even among them hostilities constantly prevailed between the Muslims and the infidels. One castle was at war with another castle, and their feuds were unceasing; but owing to the inaccessibility of the mountains of Rasiat, which are in Ghor no foreigner was able to overcome them, and Muhammad was the head of all the Mandeshis.(The History of India as told by its own Historians by Eliot and Dowson, Volume 2 page 284)
Ghor itself was a country of infidels, containing only a few Musulmans, and the inhabitants spoke a language different from that of Khurasan (The History of India as told by its own Historians by Eliot and Dowson, Volume 2 page 576)
Amir Kror Suri
Famous Pashto poet and governor of mandesh (ghor).
...............
Some more references
"...the prevalent and apparently the correct opinion is, that both they and their subjects were Afghans. " & "In the time of Sultan Mahmud it was held, as has been observed, by a prince whom Ferishta calls Mohammed Soory (or Sur) Afghan.
(Elphinstone, Mountstuart. The History of India. Vol. 1 p.598-599)
The History of India - Mountstuart Elphinstone - Google Books
"the founder of the Ghori dynaasty, was a native of Afghansitan. The origin of the house of Ghor has, however, been much discussed, - the prevailing opinion being that both they and their subjects were an Afghan race."
(The Cyclopædia of India and of Eastern and Southern Asia, Commercial ... - Edward Balfour - Google Books
@@ramirez4295
I cannot conclude this head on the Ghorians without mentioning a remarkable passage found in Janabi, who calls the Ghorides Turks, whilst they are generally reckoned to belong to the Afghans; if it is not, perhaps, to be understood, that only the reigning family was of a Turkish origin. This passage runs thus:-"The first who became known of the Ghorian kings, are the descendants of Hossain; who are a race of Turks, that came from Khata to the mountains of Ghor.
The author of the Khulassat Ulansab, who is very careful in distinguishing the real Afghans from those that are either supposed or erroneously pretend to be Afghans, seems, too, to consider the Ghorian dynasty as a Turkish race: in support of which assertion, I shall insert here a passage relative to this subject:-" When the dynasty of Sultan Mahmud and his descendants became extinct, Sultan Moezz Uddin ben Sam, who is known in Hindustan by the name of Shahab Uddin Ghori, set up for absolute monarch
Nimat Allah, H. (2013). ANNOTATIONS ON PART THE FIRST. In B. Dorn (Trans.), History of the Afghans: Translated from the Persian of Neamet Ullah (Cambridge Library Collection - Perspectives from the Royal Asiatic Society, pp. 255-314). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. doi:10.1017/CBO9781139507653.014
Mosques pre-dating the twelfth-century conquest of India by the Ghurid Turkic dynasty also seem to have abided by a strict avoidance of icons (aniconism ) despite - or because of? - the conspicuous presence of Hindu imagery.
Formichi, C. (2020). Becoming Muslim (Seventh to Eighteenth Centuries). In Islam and Asia: A History (New Approaches to Asian History, pp. 42-74). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. doi:10.1017/9781316226803.005
This process would later lead to the creation of the Delhi kingdom by the Ghurids - Turco-Afghans who succeeded the Ghaznavids - during the twelfth century.
Beaujard, P. (2019). India: From the Chola Empire to the Delhi Sultanate. In The Worlds of the Indian Ocean: A Global History (pp. 216-251). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. doi:10.1017/9781108341219.010
A.D. 1200 of the Ghurid Turks, the first Muslim dynasty of the subcontinent, a new and different era begins. The rapid expansion of Muslim rule in the early thirteenth century brought peace and stability to large portions of North India for the first time in centuries. Secure borders and safe roads encouraged expansion of trade. A routinized system of administration led to the founding of a network of administrative centers.
Blake, S. (1991). City and Empire. In Shahjahanabad: The Sovereign City in Mughal India 1639-1739 (Cambridge South Asian Studies, pp. 1-25). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. doi:10.1017/CBO9780511563225.002
The Ghurids (1149-1215) A Sunni Turkic dynasty that grew out of its original base Firuzkuh (near Jam) in Afghanistan and expanded into India; its most famous ruler, Ghiyath al-Din Muhammad b. Sam (r. 1163-1203) , was also a patron of artchitecture, such as structures at Herat,Jam, and Chist.Ghiyath
El-Hibri, T. (2021). The Abbasid Caliphate: A History. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. pp.295
Drawn from the Turkish nomads of the northern steppes, these horseback war- riors formed the ruling aristocracy of the Islamic states that would dominate north India for the following seven hundred years. The Ghaznavids (977-1186), under the leadership of Mahmud of Ghazni, conquered much of the Punjab, establishing their capital in Lahore. They were followed by another dynasty of Turkish warriors, the Ghurids (1186-1215), who under Qutb al-Din Aibak (1206-10), occupied Delhi.
Blake, S. (2016). The observatory in Shahjahanabad. In Astronomy and Astrology in the Islamic World (pp. 120-133). Edinburgh University Press.
Although he was victorious in 1192 , in his first encounter with the Turkish invader, Muhammad Ghuri, in 1193 he was defeated and killed thus opening the way for the founding of the Delhi sultanate.
(2015). Prithviraj III. In Kerr, A., & Wright, E. (Eds.), A Dictionary of World History. : Oxford University Press pp. 538
The Turkic general Mahmud Shabuddin Ghorī sacked Nālandā in 1197 and Vikramaśīla in 1203 , burning their libraries and destroying priceless literary and artistic treasures.
Keown, D. (2004). India. In A Dictionary of Buddhism. : Oxford University Press. pp. 119
It was natural that the Ghorian - Turkish conquerors should , upon choosing Delhi for their headquarters, start building their city around
Delhi Through the Ages: Selected Essays in Urban History, Culture and Society Robert Eric Frykenberg Oxford University Press pp.20
the Ghurids, another Turkic-speaking people (who had recently overthrown their Ghaznavid suzerains)
World Musics in Context: A Comprehensive Survey of the World's Major Musical Cultures Oxford University Press; Illustrated edition (April 29, 2004) pp.222
Fuller Islamization took place between the tenth and the twelfth century through
the efforts of the Persianized Turkic dynasties of the Ghaznavids and Ghurids.
Afghanistan’s Islam: From Conversion to the Taliban by Nile Green University of California Press pp. 39
Much of Afghanistan, eastern Iran, and modern Pakistan were ruled by the Turkish Ghurids (ca. 390-612/ca. 1000-1215).
“Islam Spreads Its Banner: A THOUSAND YEARS OF CENTRAL ASIAN IMPERALISM: EIGHTH TO NINETEENTH CENTURIES A.D.” Afghanistan, by LOUIS DUPREE, Princeton University Press, PRINCETON, NEW JERSEY, 1980, pp. 312-341.
orthern and eastern India towards the end of the twelfth century and the turn of the thirteenth by the Afghan-Turkish Ghurids brought an end to Buddhist learning,
PREISENDANZ, KARIN. “THE PRODUCTION OF PHILOSOPHICAL LITERATURE IN SOUTH ASIA DURING THE PRE-COLONIAL PERIOD (15TH TO 18TH CENTURIES): THE CASE OF THE ‘NYĀYASŪTRA’ COMMENTARIAL TRADITION.” Journal of Indian Philosophy, vol. 33, no. 1, 2005, pp. 55-94.
Central Asia and India by a myriad of Turkish gubernatorial dynasties (Ghaznavids, Ghurids , Seljuks, Khwarazmshahs), Persian moved ahead of Arabic as the legitimising lan- guage of choice. N
Mitchell, Colin. “Reconsidering State and Constituency in Seventeenth-Century Safavid Iran: The Wax and Wane of the Munshi.” Secretaries and Statecraft in the Early Modern World, edited by Paul M. Dover, Edinburgh University Press, Edinburgh, 2016, pp. 206-234.
Lahore became a capital of two Turko-Afghan dynasties, first the Ghaznavids and later the Ghurids .
DUNN, ROSS E. "Delhi." In The Adventures of Ibn Battuta: A Muslim Traveler of the Fourteenth Century, 183-212. University of California Press, 2012.
Fuller Islamization took place between the tenth and the twelfth century through the efforts of the Persianized Turkic dynasties of the Ghaznavids and Ghurids . Based in the high mountains of central Afghanistan
Azad, Arezou. “The Beginnings of Islam in Afghanistan: Conquest, Acculturation, and Islamization.” Afghanistan's Islam: From Conversion to the Taliban, edited by Nile Green, University of California Press, Oakland, California, 2017, pp. 41-55.
But, the Ghurid Turks and Simnanis defeated 'Masud Badshah' in the plains of Poshang on 13 Safar
HAIDER, MANSURA. “THE REVOLT OF MAHMUD TARABI AND THE SARBADAR MOVEMENT.” Proceedings of the Indian History Congress, vol. 52, 1991, pp. 939-949.
An account of the revelation and early history of Islam including the Umayyad conquest of Sindh is followed by a section entitled "Turks", which subsumes the Ghaznavid raids, the Ghurid conquests and the Delhi
Flatt, Emma J. Bulletin of the School of Oriental and African Studies, University of London, vol. 76, no. 1, 2013, pp. 136-138.
Yet, so poor is our understand- ing of the existing system of Hindu power, that the reasons for the ultimate victory of the Ghurid Turks
Stein, Burton. The Journal of Asian Studies, vol. 25, no. 2, 1966, pp. 353-354.
These included the Seleucid, Greco-Bactrian, Indo-Greek, Mauryan, Parthian, Saca, Yiieh- Chih, Kushan, Sassanian, Hepthalite, Hindu-Shahi, early Muslim Arab, Abbasid, Tahirid, Samanid, Saffarid, Ilek Khan Turk, Ghaznavid, Turkish Ghorid , Seljuk Turk, Turkish Khwarazm Shah, Delhi Sultans, Mongol, Kart, Timurid, Shaybani, Safavid
“Historical Factors Shaping Modern Afghanistan.” Afghanistan's Endless War: State Failure, Regional Politics, and the Rise of the Taliban, by LARRY P. GOODSON, University of Washington Press, Seattle; London, 2001, pp. 23-53.
In his paper on Some Studies in Pre- Mughal Historiography, Mr. P. Hardy holds that Ghorid Turkish invaders "did make possible, however, the introduction of historiography as a deliberate form of cultural expression with a conscious interest in what actually happened in the past, into Hindustan proper"
Datta, K.K. India Quarterly, vol. 20, no. 1, 1964, pp. 70-77.
The army which Shihab - u'd - din Ghuri led to defeat at the first battle of Tarain consisted entirely of Ghurian Turks ( now called Hazaras ) and the Khaljis , who lived on the banks of the river Helmund.
Religion and Politics in India During the Thirteenth Century K̲h̲alīq Aḥmad Niz̤āmī, Khaliq Ahmad Nizami Oxford University Press, 2002 pp.29
Footnote He states: “The invasions of the Ghurian Turks brought about this great social and economic revolution
OBROCK, L. (2020). Uddhara's World: Geographies of Piety and Trade in Sultanate South Asia. Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society, 1-23. doi:10.1017/S1356186320000528
@@Nomadicenjoyer31 Shansabani Tribe; you notice that the Patriarch of the Shansabani rulers possesses the name "Suri". e.g Sayf ud-Din Suri (1146-1149 ). Mohammad ibn suri,
For all kids who saying Ghurids were not Turks🤣🤣🤣
I cannot conclude this head on the Ghorians without mentioning a remarkable passage found in Janabi, who calls the Ghorides Turks, whilst they are generally reckoned to \'91belong to the Afghans; if it" is not, perhaps, to be understood, that only the reigning family Was of a Turkish origin. This passage runs thus :\'97\'93 The \u64257 rst who became known of the Ghorian kings, are the descendants of Hossain; who are a race of Turlcs, that came from Khata to the mountains of Ghor. In the sequel, their affairs prospered; and they possessed themselves of countries, as it is mentioned in the History of As-of Shah, and in the Tarilch Ulmzwader of Ahmed ben Mohammed Altabrizi.\'94 The author of the Khulassat Ulansab, who is very careful in distinguishing the real Afghans from those that are either supposed or erroneously pretend to be Afghans, seems, too, to consider the Ghorian dynasty as a Turkish race: in support of which assertion, I shall insert here a passage relative to this subject :-\'97\'93
History of the Afghans/ Tarikh-i-khan jahani wa makhzan-i-Afghani
Translated from the Persian of Neamet Ullah
Part of Cambridge Library Collection - Perspectives from the Royal Asiatic Society
AUTHOR: Haravi Nimat AllahTRANSLATOR: Bernhard DornDATE PUBLISHED: June 2013AVAILABILITY: Available FORMAT: PaperbackISBN: 9781108056250
www.wdl.org/en/item/3034/view/1/304/
Chronicler: thesaurus.babylon-software.com/Nimat%20Allah%20al-Harawi
Original Work:
archive.org/details/TarikhEKhanJahaniOMakhzanEAfghaniJildEAwwal-KhwajaNematullahBinKhwajaHabeebullahAl-HarawiFarsi
Ghurid empire was Pashtun tribes of ghor they were formerly some Buddhist before adopting Islam from former Afghan emperor sultan mahmud of ghazni.Ghiyath al-Din Muhammad,Shah Hussian Ghori was Pashtun as long as other commanders of the empire.The ghurid spoke Pashto and the army and administration were mainly consisted of ethnic Afghan Pashtuns.Ghauris were Pashtuns, linguistically and culturally They were tribal people of ghoristan mountains, divided into numerous tribes.
Among the numerous Ghorid chiefs, the Shansabani tribe had the most authority over all the other Ghorid tribes "the Shansabani were a tribe and the Ghauris were structured as a tribal society.If you look at the Geneology of the Shansabani Tribe; you notice that the Patriarch of the Shansabani rulers possesses the name "Suri". e.g Sayf ud-Din Suri (1146-1149 ). Mohammad ibn suri, who was ancestor of shahabudin ghauri.
Baihaqi who is considered as the most famous historian of the Ghaznavid era had written in page 117 that "Sultan Massud leaves for (jaroos ghoor) “jai darmeshi paat”... and sends his learned companion with two people from Ghor as interpreter between this person and the people of that region.Amir karor suri, malak ya gharsheen and
asad suri were famous pashto poets from ghor/ghoristan region before times of mongol invasion.
Ghor itself is a pashto word which means mountain.
The Suri tribe of the Afghans inhabited the mountains of Ghor east of Furrah and their principal cities were Ghore, Feruzi and Bamian (Gazetteer of the world or dictionary of geographical knowledge. Vol 5. London: A Fullerton and Company. p. 61.)
Also Note that original abode of numerous pashtun tribes was ghor e.g Niazis, mohmands, lodhis, suris etc. Mongol invasion annihilated ghor, forcing remnants of ghorid tribes to move eastward.
Amir Ibn-i Suri
Amir Suri was a non-Muslim king in the region of Ghor from an ancient dynasty and he was defeated by Mahmud of Ghazni. According to Minhaju-S Siraj, Amir Suri was captured by Mahmud of Ghazni, made prisoner along with his son and taken to Ghazni, where Amir Suri died by poisoning himself.
It was also the last stronghold of an ancient religion professed by the inhabitants when all their neighbors had become Muslim. In the 11th century AD Mahmud of Ghazni defeated the prince of Ghor Ibn -I-Suri, and made him prisoner in a severely-contested engagement in the valley of Ahingaran. Ibn-I-Suri is called a Hindu by the author, who has recorded his overthrow; it does not follow that he was one by religion or by race, but merely that he was not Muhammadan
(The Kingdom of Afghanistan: a historical sketch By George Passman Tate Edition: illustrated Published by Asian Educational Services, 2001 Page 12)
According to recorded Afghan tradition, Surs are descended from the Ghori tribe. Several books by Islamic historians including Tarikh-I-Guzida of Hamdu-lla-Mustaufi, Towareekh Yumny, as well as Ferishta record that besides Muslim Surs there were also Non-Muslim Hindu and Buddhist Surs, who were attacked by Mahmud of Ghazni and converted to Islam by him.
Sultan Mahumud now went to fight with the Ghorians , who were infidels at that time. Suri, their chief, was killed in this war, and his son was taken prisoner; but he killed himself by sucking poison which he had kept under the stone of his ring. The country of Ghor was annexed to that of the Sultan, and the population thereof converted to Islam. He now attacked the fort of Bhim, where was a temple of the Hindus
(Tarikh -I-Guzida of Hamdu-lla-Mustaufi. Page 65 from The History of India told by its own Historians H M Eliot and Dowson Volume 3)
'In the following year AH 401 (AD 1010), Mahmood led his army towards Ghoor . The native prince of the country, Mahomed, of the Afghan tribe of Soor (the same race which gave birth to the dynasty that eventually succeeded in subverting the family of Sebüktigin), occupied an entrinched camp with 10,000 men. Mahmood was repulsed in repeated assaults which he made from morning till noon. Finding that the troops of Ghoor defended their entrenchments with such obstinacy, he caused his army to retreat in apparent confusion, in order to allure the enemy out of his fortified position. The Ghoorians, deceived by the stratagem, pursued the army of Ghizny; when the king, facing about, attacked and defeated them with great slaughter. Mahommed Soor, being made prisoner was brought to the king, but having taken poison, which he always kept under his ring, he died in a few hours; his country was annexed to the dominions of Ghizny. The author of the Towareekh Yumny affirms, that neither the sovereigns of Ghoor nor its inhabitants were Mahomedans till after this victory; whilst the author of the Tubkat-Nasiry, and Fukhr-ood-Deen Moobarik Shah Lody, the latter of whom wrote a history of the Kings of Ghoor in verse, both affirm, that they were converted many years before, even so early as the time of Ally
(Ferishta-Translation John Briggs, p. 28 vol 1)
Shah Hussain was descended from the younger branch of the Ghorian race, while Muhammad-i-Suri, said to be the great-great-grandfather of the Sultans Ghiyas-ud-Din and Muizz-ud-Din (Muhammad of ghor) was descended from the elder branch, with whom sovereignty lay. Shah Hussain by one of his Afghan wives, had three sons, Ghalzi, Ibrahim surnamed Lodi, and Sarwani. The Afghan tribe of Sur was founded by Sur, son of Ismail, grandson of Lodi ("Glossary of the Tribes and Castes of the Punjab and North West Frontier Province" H.A. Rose, Ibetson 1990, P210)
Mahuy Suri
Mahuy Suri was the Sasanian governor of Merv in Khorasan during the reign of Yazdegerd iii.(The Shah-Namah of Fardusi translation by Alexander Rogers LPP Publication Page 547)
Muhammad ibn Suri
First king of ghorid dyansty.
It is said that Muhammad was a great king and most of the territories of Ghor were in his possession. But as many of the inhabitants of Ghor of High and low degree had not yet embraced Islam, there was constant strife among them. The Saffarids came from Nimruz to Bust and Dawar, Ya'qub al-Saffar overpowered Lak-Lak, who was the chief of Takinabad, in the country of Rukhaj. The Ghorians sought the safety in Sara-sang and dwelt there in security but even among them hostilities constantly prevailed between the Muslims and the infidels. One castle was at war with another castle, and their feuds were unceasing; but owing to the inaccessibility of the mountains of Rasiat, which are in Ghor no foreigner was able to overcome them, and Muhammad was the head of all the Mandeshis.(The History of India as told by its own Historians by Eliot and Dowson, Volume 2 page 284)
Ghor itself was a country of infidels, containing only a few Musulmans, and the inhabitants spoke a language different from that of Khurasan (The History of India as told by its own Historians by Eliot and Dowson, Volume 2 page 576)
Amir Kror Suri
Famous Pashto poet and governor of mandesh (ghor).
...............
Some more references
"...the prevalent and apparently the correct opinion is, that both they and their subjects were Afghans. " & "In the time of Sultan Mahmud it was held, as has been observed, by a prince whom Ferishta calls Mohammed Soory (or Sur) Afghan.
(Elphinstone, Mountstuart. The History of India. Vol. 1 p.598-599)
The History of India - Mountstuart Elphinstone - Google Books
"the founder of the Ghori dynaasty, was a native of Afghansitan. The origin of the house of Ghor has, however, been much discussed, - the prevailing opinion being that both they and their subjects were an Afghan race."
(The Cyclopædia of India and of Eastern and Southern Asia, Commercial ... - Edward Balfour - Google Books
@@ramirez4295
I cannot conclude this head on the Ghorians without mentioning a remarkable passage found in Janabi, who calls the Ghorides Turks, whilst they are generally reckoned to belong to the Afghans; if it is not, perhaps, to be understood, that only the reigning family was of a Turkish origin. This passage runs thus:-"The first who became known of the Ghorian kings, are the descendants of Hossain; who are a race of Turks, that came from Khata to the mountains of Ghor.
The author of the Khulassat Ulansab, who is very careful in distinguishing the real Afghans from those that are either supposed or erroneously pretend to be Afghans, seems, too, to consider the Ghorian dynasty as a Turkish race: in support of which assertion, I shall insert here a passage relative to this subject:-" When the dynasty of Sultan Mahmud and his descendants became extinct, Sultan Moezz Uddin ben Sam, who is known in Hindustan by the name of Shahab Uddin Ghori, set up for absolute monarch
Nimat Allah, H. (2013). ANNOTATIONS ON PART THE FIRST. In B. Dorn (Trans.), History of the Afghans: Translated from the Persian of Neamet Ullah (Cambridge Library Collection - Perspectives from the Royal Asiatic Society, pp. 255-314). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. doi:10.1017/CBO9781139507653.014
Mosques pre-dating the twelfth-century conquest of India by the Ghurid Turkic dynasty also seem to have abided by a strict avoidance of icons (aniconism ) despite - or because of? - the conspicuous presence of Hindu imagery.
Formichi, C. (2020). Becoming Muslim (Seventh to Eighteenth Centuries). In Islam and Asia: A History (New Approaches to Asian History, pp. 42-74). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. doi:10.1017/9781316226803.005
This process would later lead to the creation of the Delhi kingdom by the Ghurids - Turco-Afghans who succeeded the Ghaznavids - during the twelfth century.
Beaujard, P. (2019). India: From the Chola Empire to the Delhi Sultanate. In The Worlds of the Indian Ocean: A Global History (pp. 216-251). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. doi:10.1017/9781108341219.010
A.D. 1200 of the Ghurid Turks, the first Muslim dynasty of the subcontinent, a new and different era begins. The rapid expansion of Muslim rule in the early thirteenth century brought peace and stability to large portions of North India for the first time in centuries. Secure borders and safe roads encouraged expansion of trade. A routinized system of administration led to the founding of a network of administrative centers.
Blake, S. (1991). City and Empire. In Shahjahanabad: The Sovereign City in Mughal India 1639-1739 (Cambridge South Asian Studies, pp. 1-25). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. doi:10.1017/CBO9780511563225.002
The Ghurids (1149-1215) A Sunni Turkic dynasty that grew out of its original base Firuzkuh (near Jam) in Afghanistan and expanded into India; its most famous ruler, Ghiyath al-Din Muhammad b. Sam (r. 1163-1203) , was also a patron of artchitecture, such as structures at Herat,Jam, and Chist.Ghiyath
El-Hibri, T. (2021). The Abbasid Caliphate: A History. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. pp.295
Drawn from the Turkish nomads of the northern steppes, these horseback war- riors formed the ruling aristocracy of the Islamic states that would dominate north India for the following seven hundred years. The Ghaznavids (977-1186), under the leadership of Mahmud of Ghazni, conquered much of the Punjab, establishing their capital in Lahore. They were followed by another dynasty of Turkish warriors, the Ghurids (1186-1215), who under Qutb al-Din Aibak (1206-10), occupied Delhi.
Blake, S. (2016). The observatory in Shahjahanabad. In Astronomy and Astrology in the Islamic World (pp. 120-133). Edinburgh University Press.
Although he was victorious in 1192 , in his first encounter with the Turkish invader, Muhammad Ghuri, in 1193 he was defeated and killed thus opening the way for the founding of the Delhi sultanate.
(2015). Prithviraj III. In Kerr, A., & Wright, E. (Eds.), A Dictionary of World History. : Oxford University Press pp. 538
The Turkic general Mahmud Shabuddin Ghorī sacked Nālandā in 1197 and Vikramaśīla in 1203 , burning their libraries and destroying priceless literary and artistic treasures.
Keown, D. (2004). India. In A Dictionary of Buddhism. : Oxford University Press. pp. 119
It was natural that the Ghorian - Turkish conquerors should , upon choosing Delhi for their headquarters, start building their city around
Delhi Through the Ages: Selected Essays in Urban History, Culture and Society Robert Eric Frykenberg Oxford University Press pp.20
the Ghurids, another Turkic-speaking people (who had recently overthrown their Ghaznavid suzerains)
World Musics in Context: A Comprehensive Survey of the World's Major Musical Cultures Oxford University Press; Illustrated edition (April 29, 2004) pp.222
Fuller Islamization took place between the tenth and the twelfth century through
the efforts of the Persianized Turkic dynasties of the Ghaznavids and Ghurids.
Afghanistan’s Islam: From Conversion to the Taliban by Nile Green University of California Press pp. 39
Much of Afghanistan, eastern Iran, and modern Pakistan were ruled by the Turkish Ghurids (ca. 390-612/ca. 1000-1215).
“Islam Spreads Its Banner: A THOUSAND YEARS OF CENTRAL ASIAN IMPERALISM: EIGHTH TO NINETEENTH CENTURIES A.D.” Afghanistan, by LOUIS DUPREE, Princeton University Press, PRINCETON, NEW JERSEY, 1980, pp. 312-341.
orthern and eastern India towards the end of the twelfth century and the turn of the thirteenth by the Afghan-Turkish Ghurids brought an end to Buddhist learning,
PREISENDANZ, KARIN. “THE PRODUCTION OF PHILOSOPHICAL LITERATURE IN SOUTH ASIA DURING THE PRE-COLONIAL PERIOD (15TH TO 18TH CENTURIES): THE CASE OF THE ‘NYĀYASŪTRA’ COMMENTARIAL TRADITION.” Journal of Indian Philosophy, vol. 33, no. 1, 2005, pp. 55-94.
Central Asia and India by a myriad of Turkish gubernatorial dynasties (Ghaznavids, Ghurids , Seljuks, Khwarazmshahs), Persian moved ahead of Arabic as the legitimising lan- guage of choice. N
Mitchell, Colin. “Reconsidering State and Constituency in Seventeenth-Century Safavid Iran: The Wax and Wane of the Munshi.” Secretaries and Statecraft in the Early Modern World, edited by Paul M. Dover, Edinburgh University Press, Edinburgh, 2016, pp. 206-234.
Lahore became a capital of two Turko-Afghan dynasties, first the Ghaznavids and later the Ghurids .
DUNN, ROSS E. "Delhi." In The Adventures of Ibn Battuta: A Muslim Traveler of the Fourteenth Century, 183-212. University of California Press, 2012.
Fuller Islamization took place between the tenth and the twelfth century through the efforts of the Persianized Turkic dynasties of the Ghaznavids and Ghurids . Based in the high mountains of central Afghanistan
Azad, Arezou. “The Beginnings of Islam in Afghanistan: Conquest, Acculturation, and Islamization.” Afghanistan's Islam: From Conversion to the Taliban, edited by Nile Green, University of California Press, Oakland, California, 2017, pp. 41-55.
But, the Ghurid Turks and Simnanis defeated 'Masud Badshah' in the plains of Poshang on 13 Safar
HAIDER, MANSURA. “THE REVOLT OF MAHMUD TARABI AND THE SARBADAR MOVEMENT.” Proceedings of the Indian History Congress, vol. 52, 1991, pp. 939-949.
An account of the revelation and early history of Islam including the Umayyad conquest of Sindh is followed by a section entitled "Turks", which subsumes the Ghaznavid raids, the Ghurid conquests and the Delhi
Flatt, Emma J. Bulletin of the School of Oriental and African Studies, University of London, vol. 76, no. 1, 2013, pp. 136-138.
Yet, so poor is our understand- ing of the existing system of Hindu power, that the reasons for the ultimate victory of the Ghurid Turks
Stein, Burton. The Journal of Asian Studies, vol. 25, no. 2, 1966, pp. 353-354.
These included the Seleucid, Greco-Bactrian, Indo-Greek, Mauryan, Parthian, Saca, Yiieh- Chih, Kushan, Sassanian, Hepthalite, Hindu-Shahi, early Muslim Arab, Abbasid, Tahirid, Samanid, Saffarid, Ilek Khan Turk, Ghaznavid, Turkish Ghorid , Seljuk Turk, Turkish Khwarazm Shah, Delhi Sultans, Mongol, Kart, Timurid, Shaybani, Safavid
“Historical Factors Shaping Modern Afghanistan.” Afghanistan's Endless War: State Failure, Regional Politics, and the Rise of the Taliban, by LARRY P. GOODSON, University of Washington Press, Seattle; London, 2001, pp. 23-53.
In his paper on Some Studies in Pre- Mughal Historiography, Mr. P. Hardy holds that Ghorid Turkish invaders "did make possible, however, the introduction of historiography as a deliberate form of cultural expression with a conscious interest in what actually happened in the past, into Hindustan proper"
Datta, K.K. India Quarterly, vol. 20, no. 1, 1964, pp. 70-77.
The army which Shihab - u'd - din Ghuri led to defeat at the first battle of Tarain consisted entirely of Ghurian Turks ( now called Hazaras ) and the Khaljis , who lived on the banks of the river Helmund.
Religion and Politics in India During the Thirteenth Century K̲h̲alīq Aḥmad Niz̤āmī, Khaliq Ahmad Nizami Oxford University Press, 2002 pp.29
Footnote He states: “The invasions of the Ghurian Turks brought about this great social and economic revolution
OBROCK, L. (2020). Uddhara's World: Geographies of Piety and Trade in Sultanate South Asia. Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society, 1-23. doi:10.1017/S1356186320000528
You bots writing the same thing in every Ghorid related video. Ghorids were not Turkic, they were most likely either Pashtuns or Tajiks. We don’t want our history claimed by Mongoloids.
Could you please make the campaigns of Alexader the Great ? 🙄
What program(s) are you using?
Ollie Bye - much respect , in 1305 alludin Khilji another Afghan defeated my ancestor parmar of malwa but later on we were able to wipe them out thanks to our resilence . Ghazni was Turk , ghor is definitely Afghan - WHAT ABOUT Khilji ?
Khilji and Ghaznavid both were Pashtun ethnic tribes of Afghanistan
@@ramirez4295 history robber🤣🤣
@@ramirez4295 Turkic Ghaznavid Empire ruled whole pashtuns for 200 years🤣🤣🤣
Ghurids in 2021 ( Tajikistan 🇹🇯)
@ALP ER TUNGA что?
@@user-go8qt7ke7t hey, bro! I guess you are from Tajikistan. Do you know any tajik from Uzbekistan ?
Can you make Mehmed 2. Conqueror 's video
@Alvin Johnson true. but the word conqueror has nothing to do with fatihah .someone is Persian, someone is Arabic
Nice production quality
do campaigns of skenderbeg kosova king very strong man he was kosova king illyria albanian so he was very strong like all albanians of kosova
/s
^
albanians were never illyrians
Hazzmati wow good job captain obvious
Muhammad of Ghor provided us with a lot of gore xD
Ibnziyad Tariq
Don't forget Timur.
Naz Dhillion holy shit.
he got his ass handed to him by hindu rebels
Jedi Master Source please??
Ayman Khan
look at video itself, he lost first war
Your videos are great. Great treat for history lover like me.
This great empire was of Tajik origin, the armies mainly were formed of Tajiks, Afghans and Turks as well muslim warriors from all corner of the Islamic world, great upload man.
Ghurids 😍😍😍
Türks not tajiks
Ghurid empire was Pashtun tribes of ghor they were formerly some Buddhist before adopting Islam from former Afghan emperor sultan mahmud of ghazni.Ghiyath al-Din Muhammad,Shah Hussian Ghori was Pashtun as long as other commanders of the empire.The ghurid spoke Pashto and the army and administration were mainly consisted of ethnic Afghan Pashtuns.Ghauris were Pashtuns, linguistically and culturally They were tribal people of ghoristan mountains, divided into numerous tribes.
Among the numerous Ghorid chiefs, the Shansabani tribe had the most authority over all the other Ghorid tribes "the Shansabani were a tribe and the Ghauris were structured as a tribal society.If you look at the Geneology of the Shansabani Tribe; you notice that the Patriarch of the Shansabani rulers possesses the name "Suri". e.g Sayf ud-Din Suri (1146-1149 ). Mohammad ibn suri, who was ancestor of shahabudin ghauri.
Baihaqi who is considered as the most famous historian of the Ghaznavid era had written in page 117 that "Sultan Massud leaves for (jaroos ghoor) “jai darmeshi paat”... and sends his learned companion with two people from Ghor as interpreter between this person and the people of that region.Amir karor suri, malak ya gharsheen and
asad suri were famous pashto poets from ghor/ghoristan region before times of mongol invasion.
Ghor itself is a pashto word which means mountain.
The Suri tribe of the Afghans inhabited the mountains of Ghor east of Furrah and their principal cities were Ghore, Feruzi and Bamian (Gazetteer of the world or dictionary of geographical knowledge. Vol 5. London: A Fullerton and Company. p. 61.)
Also Note that original abode of numerous pashtun tribes was ghor e.g Niazis, mohmands, lodhis, suris etc. Mongol invasion annihilated ghor, forcing remnants of ghorid tribes to move eastward.
Amir Ibn-i Suri
Amir Suri was a non-Muslim king in the region of Ghor from an ancient dynasty and he was defeated by Mahmud of Ghazni. According to Minhaju-S Siraj, Amir Suri was captured by Mahmud of Ghazni, made prisoner along with his son and taken to Ghazni, where Amir Suri died by poisoning himself.
It was also the last stronghold of an ancient religion professed by the inhabitants when all their neighbors had become Muslim. In the 11th century AD Mahmud of Ghazni defeated the prince of Ghor Ibn -I-Suri, and made him prisoner in a severely-contested engagement in the valley of Ahingaran. Ibn-I-Suri is called a Hindu by the author, who has recorded his overthrow; it does not follow that he was one by religion or by race, but merely that he was not Muhammadan
(The Kingdom of Afghanistan: a historical sketch By George Passman Tate Edition: illustrated Published by Asian Educational Services, 2001 Page 12)
According to recorded Afghan tradition, Surs are descended from the Ghori tribe. Several books by Islamic historians including Tarikh-I-Guzida of Hamdu-lla-Mustaufi, Towareekh Yumny, as well as Ferishta record that besides Muslim Surs there were also Non-Muslim Hindu and Buddhist Surs, who were attacked by Mahmud of Ghazni and converted to Islam by him.
Sultan Mahumud now went to fight with the Ghorians , who were infidels at that time. Suri, their chief, was killed in this war, and his son was taken prisoner; but he killed himself by sucking poison which he had kept under the stone of his ring. The country of Ghor was annexed to that of the Sultan, and the population thereof converted to Islam. He now attacked the fort of Bhim, where was a temple of the Hindus
(Tarikh -I-Guzida of Hamdu-lla-Mustaufi. Page 65 from The History of India told by its own Historians H M Eliot and Dowson Volume 3)
'In the following year AH 401 (AD 1010), Mahmood led his army towards Ghoor . The native prince of the country, Mahomed, of the Afghan tribe of Soor (the same race which gave birth to the dynasty that eventually succeeded in subverting the family of Sebüktigin), occupied an entrinched camp with 10,000 men. Mahmood was repulsed in repeated assaults which he made from morning till noon. Finding that the troops of Ghoor defended their entrenchments with such obstinacy, he caused his army to retreat in apparent confusion, in order to allure the enemy out of his fortified position. The Ghoorians, deceived by the stratagem, pursued the army of Ghizny; when the king, facing about, attacked and defeated them with great slaughter. Mahommed Soor, being made prisoner was brought to the king, but having taken poison, which he always kept under his ring, he died in a few hours; his country was annexed to the dominions of Ghizny. The author of the Towareekh Yumny affirms, that neither the sovereigns of Ghoor nor its inhabitants were Mahomedans till after this victory; whilst the author of the Tubkat-Nasiry, and Fukhr-ood-Deen Moobarik Shah Lody, the latter of whom wrote a history of the Kings of Ghoor in verse, both affirm, that they were converted many years before, even so early as the time of Ally
(Ferishta-Translation John Briggs, p. 28 vol 1)
Shah Hussain was descended from the younger branch of the Ghorian race, while Muhammad-i-Suri, said to be the great-great-grandfather of the Sultans Ghiyas-ud-Din and Muizz-ud-Din (Muhammad of ghor) was descended from the elder branch, with whom sovereignty lay. Shah Hussain by one of his Afghan wives, had three sons, Ghalzi, Ibrahim surnamed Lodi, and Sarwani. The Afghan tribe of Sur was founded by Sur, son of Ismail, grandson of Lodi ("Glossary of the Tribes and Castes of the Punjab and North West Frontier Province" H.A. Rose, Ibetson 1990, P210)
Mahuy Suri
Mahuy Suri was the Sasanian governor of Merv in Khorasan during the reign of Yazdegerd iii.(The Shah-Namah of Fardusi translation by Alexander Rogers LPP Publication Page 547)
Muhammad ibn Suri
First king of ghorid dyansty.
It is said that Muhammad was a great king and most of the territories of Ghor were in his possession. But as many of the inhabitants of Ghor of High and low degree had not yet embraced Islam, there was constant strife among them. The Saffarids came from Nimruz to Bust and Dawar, Ya'qub al-Saffar overpowered Lak-Lak, who was the chief of Takinabad, in the country of Rukhaj. The Ghorians sought the safety in Sara-sang and dwelt there in security but even among them hostilities constantly prevailed between the Muslims and the infidels. One castle was at war with another castle, and their feuds were unceasing; but owing to the inaccessibility of the mountains of Rasiat, which are in Ghor no foreigner was able to overcome them, and Muhammad was the head of all the Mandeshis.(The History of India as told by its own Historians by Eliot and Dowson, Volume 2 page 284)
Ghor itself was a country of infidels, containing only a few Musulmans, and the inhabitants spoke a language different from that of Khurasan (The History of India as told by its own Historians by Eliot and Dowson, Volume 2 page 576)
Amir Kror Suri
Famous Pashto poet and governor of mandesh (ghor).
...............
Some more references
"...the prevalent and apparently the correct opinion is, that both they and their subjects were Afghans. " & "In the time of Sultan Mahmud it was held, as has been observed, by a prince whom Ferishta calls Mohammed Soory (or Sur) Afghan.
(Elphinstone, Mountstuart. The History of India. Vol. 1 p.598-599)
The History of India - Mountstuart Elphinstone - Google Books
"the founder of the Ghori dynaasty, was a native of Afghansitan. The origin of the house of Ghor has, however, been much discussed, - the prevailing opinion being that both they and their subjects were an Afghan race."
(The Cyclopædia of India and of Eastern and Southern Asia, Commercial ... - Edward Balfour - Google Books
@@ramirez4295
I cannot conclude this head on the Ghorians without mentioning a remarkable passage found in Janabi, who calls the Ghorides Turks, whilst they are generally reckoned to belong to the Afghans; if it is not, perhaps, to be understood, that only the reigning family was of a Turkish origin. This passage runs thus:-"The first who became known of the Ghorian kings, are the descendants of Hossain; who are a race of Turks, that came from Khata to the mountains of Ghor.
The author of the Khulassat Ulansab, who is very careful in distinguishing the real Afghans from those that are either supposed or erroneously pretend to be Afghans, seems, too, to consider the Ghorian dynasty as a Turkish race: in support of which assertion, I shall insert here a passage relative to this subject:-" When the dynasty of Sultan Mahmud and his descendants became extinct, Sultan Moezz Uddin ben Sam, who is known in Hindustan by the name of Shahab Uddin Ghori, set up for absolute monarch
Nimat Allah, H. (2013). ANNOTATIONS ON PART THE FIRST. In B. Dorn (Trans.), History of the Afghans: Translated from the Persian of Neamet Ullah (Cambridge Library Collection - Perspectives from the Royal Asiatic Society, pp. 255-314). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. doi:10.1017/CBO9781139507653.014
Mosques pre-dating the twelfth-century conquest of India by the Ghurid Turkic dynasty also seem to have abided by a strict avoidance of icons (aniconism ) despite - or because of? - the conspicuous presence of Hindu imagery.
Formichi, C. (2020). Becoming Muslim (Seventh to Eighteenth Centuries). In Islam and Asia: A History (New Approaches to Asian History, pp. 42-74). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. doi:10.1017/9781316226803.005
This process would later lead to the creation of the Delhi kingdom by the Ghurids - Turco-Afghans who succeeded the Ghaznavids - during the twelfth century.
Beaujard, P. (2019). India: From the Chola Empire to the Delhi Sultanate. In The Worlds of the Indian Ocean: A Global History (pp. 216-251). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. doi:10.1017/9781108341219.010
A.D. 1200 of the Ghurid Turks, the first Muslim dynasty of the subcontinent, a new and different era begins. The rapid expansion of Muslim rule in the early thirteenth century brought peace and stability to large portions of North India for the first time in centuries. Secure borders and safe roads encouraged expansion of trade. A routinized system of administration led to the founding of a network of administrative centers.
Blake, S. (1991). City and Empire. In Shahjahanabad: The Sovereign City in Mughal India 1639-1739 (Cambridge South Asian Studies, pp. 1-25). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. doi:10.1017/CBO9780511563225.002
The Ghurids (1149-1215) A Sunni Turkic dynasty that grew out of its original base Firuzkuh (near Jam) in Afghanistan and expanded into India; its most famous ruler, Ghiyath al-Din Muhammad b. Sam (r. 1163-1203) , was also a patron of artchitecture, such as structures at Herat,Jam, and Chist.Ghiyath
El-Hibri, T. (2021). The Abbasid Caliphate: A History. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. pp.295
Drawn from the Turkish nomads of the northern steppes, these horseback war- riors formed the ruling aristocracy of the Islamic states that would dominate north India for the following seven hundred years. The Ghaznavids (977-1186), under the leadership of Mahmud of Ghazni, conquered much of the Punjab, establishing their capital in Lahore. They were followed by another dynasty of Turkish warriors, the Ghurids (1186-1215), who under Qutb al-Din Aibak (1206-10), occupied Delhi.
Blake, S. (2016). The observatory in Shahjahanabad. In Astronomy and Astrology in the Islamic World (pp. 120-133). Edinburgh University Press.
Although he was victorious in 1192 , in his first encounter with the Turkish invader, Muhammad Ghuri, in 1193 he was defeated and killed thus opening the way for the founding of the Delhi sultanate.
(2015). Prithviraj III. In Kerr, A., & Wright, E. (Eds.), A Dictionary of World History. : Oxford University Press pp. 538
The Turkic general Mahmud Shabuddin Ghorī sacked Nālandā in 1197 and Vikramaśīla in 1203 , burning their libraries and destroying priceless literary and artistic treasures.
Keown, D. (2004). India. In A Dictionary of Buddhism. : Oxford University Press. pp. 119
It was natural that the Ghorian - Turkish conquerors should , upon choosing Delhi for their headquarters, start building their city around
Delhi Through the Ages: Selected Essays in Urban History, Culture and Society Robert Eric Frykenberg Oxford University Press pp.20
the Ghurids, another Turkic-speaking people (who had recently overthrown their Ghaznavid suzerains)
World Musics in Context: A Comprehensive Survey of the World's Major Musical Cultures Oxford University Press; Illustrated edition (April 29, 2004) pp.222
Fuller Islamization took place between the tenth and the twelfth century through
the efforts of the Persianized Turkic dynasties of the Ghaznavids and Ghurids.
Afghanistan’s Islam: From Conversion to the Taliban by Nile Green University of California Press pp. 39
Much of Afghanistan, eastern Iran, and modern Pakistan were ruled by the Turkish Ghurids (ca. 390-612/ca. 1000-1215).
“Islam Spreads Its Banner: A THOUSAND YEARS OF CENTRAL ASIAN IMPERALISM: EIGHTH TO NINETEENTH CENTURIES A.D.” Afghanistan, by LOUIS DUPREE, Princeton University Press, PRINCETON, NEW JERSEY, 1980, pp. 312-341.
orthern and eastern India towards the end of the twelfth century and the turn of the thirteenth by the Afghan-Turkish Ghurids brought an end to Buddhist learning,
PREISENDANZ, KARIN. “THE PRODUCTION OF PHILOSOPHICAL LITERATURE IN SOUTH ASIA DURING THE PRE-COLONIAL PERIOD (15TH TO 18TH CENTURIES): THE CASE OF THE ‘NYĀYASŪTRA’ COMMENTARIAL TRADITION.” Journal of Indian Philosophy, vol. 33, no. 1, 2005, pp. 55-94.
Central Asia and India by a myriad of Turkish gubernatorial dynasties (Ghaznavids, Ghurids , Seljuks, Khwarazmshahs), Persian moved ahead of Arabic as the legitimising lan- guage of choice. N
Mitchell, Colin. “Reconsidering State and Constituency in Seventeenth-Century Safavid Iran: The Wax and Wane of the Munshi.” Secretaries and Statecraft in the Early Modern World, edited by Paul M. Dover, Edinburgh University Press, Edinburgh, 2016, pp. 206-234.
Lahore became a capital of two Turko-Afghan dynasties, first the Ghaznavids and later the Ghurids .
DUNN, ROSS E. "Delhi." In The Adventures of Ibn Battuta: A Muslim Traveler of the Fourteenth Century, 183-212. University of California Press, 2012.
Fuller Islamization took place between the tenth and the twelfth century through the efforts of the Persianized Turkic dynasties of the Ghaznavids and Ghurids . Based in the high mountains of central Afghanistan
Azad, Arezou. “The Beginnings of Islam in Afghanistan: Conquest, Acculturation, and Islamization.” Afghanistan's Islam: From Conversion to the Taliban, edited by Nile Green, University of California Press, Oakland, California, 2017, pp. 41-55.
But, the Ghurid Turks and Simnanis defeated 'Masud Badshah' in the plains of Poshang on 13 Safar
HAIDER, MANSURA. “THE REVOLT OF MAHMUD TARABI AND THE SARBADAR MOVEMENT.” Proceedings of the Indian History Congress, vol. 52, 1991, pp. 939-949.
An account of the revelation and early history of Islam including the Umayyad conquest of Sindh is followed by a section entitled "Turks", which subsumes the Ghaznavid raids, the Ghurid conquests and the Delhi
Flatt, Emma J. Bulletin of the School of Oriental and African Studies, University of London, vol. 76, no. 1, 2013, pp. 136-138.
Yet, so poor is our understand- ing of the existing system of Hindu power, that the reasons for the ultimate victory of the Ghurid Turks
Stein, Burton. The Journal of Asian Studies, vol. 25, no. 2, 1966, pp. 353-354.
These included the Seleucid, Greco-Bactrian, Indo-Greek, Mauryan, Parthian, Saca, Yiieh- Chih, Kushan, Sassanian, Hepthalite, Hindu-Shahi, early Muslim Arab, Abbasid, Tahirid, Samanid, Saffarid, Ilek Khan Turk, Ghaznavid, Turkish Ghorid , Seljuk Turk, Turkish Khwarazm Shah, Delhi Sultans, Mongol, Kart, Timurid, Shaybani, Safavid
“Historical Factors Shaping Modern Afghanistan.” Afghanistan's Endless War: State Failure, Regional Politics, and the Rise of the Taliban, by LARRY P. GOODSON, University of Washington Press, Seattle; London, 2001, pp. 23-53.
In his paper on Some Studies in Pre- Mughal Historiography, Mr. P. Hardy holds that Ghorid Turkish invaders "did make possible, however, the introduction of historiography as a deliberate form of cultural expression with a conscious interest in what actually happened in the past, into Hindustan proper"
Datta, K.K. India Quarterly, vol. 20, no. 1, 1964, pp. 70-77.
The army which Shihab - u'd - din Ghuri led to defeat at the first battle of Tarain consisted entirely of Ghurian Turks ( now called Hazaras ) and the Khaljis , who lived on the banks of the river Helmund.
Religion and Politics in India During the Thirteenth Century K̲h̲alīq Aḥmad Niz̤āmī, Khaliq Ahmad Nizami Oxford University Press, 2002 pp.29
Footnote He states: “The invasions of the Ghurian Turks brought about this great social and economic revolution
OBROCK, L. (2020). Uddhara's World: Geographies of Piety and Trade in Sultanate South Asia. Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society, 1-23. doi:10.1017/S1356186320000528
Amazing video my man
Hey, where are the history of the world videos I miss that
this was fucking awesome, love from Lahore
Zafarnāma جی حاں
How about a video of the conquest of Ancient Israel?
Finally you made the correction regarding Ghor's conquest of the Indian heartland---your History of South Asia and History of the world (2nd version) show it around 1175--anyways top quality video
ghurid empire was first pashtun sure empire in india
Türk empire
I cannot conclude this head on the Ghorians without mentioning a remarkable passage found in Janabi, who calls the Ghorides Turks, whilst they are generally reckoned to \'91belong to the Afghans; if it" is not, perhaps, to be understood, that only the reigning family Was of a Turkish origin. This passage runs thus :\'97\'93 The \u64257 rst who became known of the Ghorian kings, are the descendants of Hossain; who are a race of Turlcs, that came from Khata to the mountains of Ghor. In the sequel, their affairs prospered; and they possessed themselves of countries, as it is mentioned in the History of As-of Shah, and in the Tarilch Ulmzwader of Ahmed ben Mohammed Altabrizi.\'94 The author of the Khulassat Ulansab, who is very careful in distinguishing the real Afghans from those that are either supposed or erroneously pretend to be Afghans, seems, too, to consider the Ghorian dynasty as a Turkish race: in support of which assertion, I shall insert here a passage relative to this subject :-\'97\'93
History of the Afghans
Translated from the Persian of Neamet Ullah
Part of Cambridge Library Collection - Perspectives from the Royal Asiatic Society
AUTHOR: Haravi Nimat AllahTRANSLATOR: Bernhard DornDATE PUBLISHED: June 2013AVAILABILITY: Available FORMAT: PaperbackISBN: 9781108056250
www.wdl.org/en/item/3034/view/1/304/
Ghurid
In 1148, Ala-ud-Din of the
nomadic Guzz Turks from the mountains of Afghanistan conquered the region of Ghur in eastern Iran, which gave its name to his Ghurid Empire (1148 - 1215).
studybuddhism.com/en/advanced-studies/history-culture/buddhism-islam-advanced/buddhist-muslim-interaction-later-abbasid-period/ghurid-campaigns-on-the-indian-subcontinent
They were followed by the Ghaznavid and Ghorid Turks. The first Turki invaders reached Bengal c.1200 and an important Muslim center was established there, principally through conversion of the Hindus.
www.factmonster.com/encyclopedia/places/asia/pakistan-bangladesh/pakistan/history
Historical writing too was something that the Ghorid Turks introduced to India
www.everyculture.com/South-Asia/Muslim.html
as by the recently con- verted Turkish tribes (Ghaznavids, Ghorids, Khaljis, and others) who were to transform India.
brill.com/search?pageSize=10&sort=relevance&q4=Ghorids
… was usurped by chiefs of Turkish origin , the Ghaznavids , Ghurids , and Seljuks , who leaned on orthodox Islam against both Sh ' ism and Zoroastrianism .
books.google.com.tr/books?hl=tr&id=vg3YAAAAMAAJ&dq=ghaznavids%2CENCYCLOPEDIAAMERICANA&focus=searchwithinvolume&q=Ghurids (Encyclopedia Americana)
Although he was victorious in 1192 , in his first encounter with the Turkish invader, Muhammad Ghuri, in 1193 he was defeated and killed thus opening the way for the founding of the Delhi sultanate.
www.oxfordreference.com/search?q=Ghuri&searchBtn=Search&isQuickSearch=true
The Turkic general Mahmud Shabuddin Ghorī sacked Nālandā in 1197 and Vikramaśīla in 1203 , burning their libraries and destroying priceless literary and artistic treasures.
www.oxfordreference.com/search?q=Ghori&searchBtn=Search&isQuickSearch=true
Ghurids, Delhi's Sultans were Turkic and great patrons of Persianate culture.
ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:53a48196-ac0e-4510-b74d-794c48e976ed/download_file?file_format=pdf&safe_filename=THESIS01&type_of_work=Thesis
post-nomadic Turko-Mongol dynasties in the subcontinent-the Ghaznavids, the Ghurids and their Turkish military slaves, the Khalajis, Tughluqs, and Sayyids all lasted a mere hundred years or even less.
www.oxfordhandbooks.com/view/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199935369.001.0001/oxfordhb-9780199935369-e-29
Ghurid empire was Pashtun tribes of ghor they were formerly some Buddhist before adopting Islam from former Afghan emperor sultan mahmud of ghazni.Ghiyath al-Din Muhammad,Shah Hussian Ghori was Pashtun as long as other commanders of the empire.The ghurid spoke Pashto and the army and administration were mainly consisted of ethnic Afghan Pashtuns.Ghauris were Pashtuns, linguistically and culturally They were tribal people of ghoristan mountains, divided into numerous tribes.
Among the numerous Ghorid chiefs, the Shansabani tribe had the most authority over all the other Ghorid tribes "the Shansabani were a tribe and the Ghauris were structured as a tribal society.If you look at the Geneology of the Shansabani Tribe; you notice that the Patriarch of the Shansabani rulers possesses the name "Suri". e.g Sayf ud-Din Suri (1146-1149 ). Mohammad ibn suri, who was ancestor of shahabudin ghauri.
Baihaqi who is considered as the most famous historian of the Ghaznavid era had written in page 117 that "Sultan Massud leaves for (jaroos ghoor) “jai darmeshi paat”... and sends his learned companion with two people from Ghor as interpreter between this person and the people of that region.Amir karor suri, malak ya gharsheen and
asad suri were famous pashto poets from ghor/ghoristan region before times of mongol invasion.
Ghor itself is a pashto word which means mountain.
The Suri tribe of the Afghans inhabited the mountains of Ghor east of Furrah and their principal cities were Ghore, Feruzi and Bamian (Gazetteer of the world or dictionary of geographical knowledge. Vol 5. London: A Fullerton and Company. p. 61.)
Also Note that original abode of numerous pashtun tribes was ghor e.g Niazis, mohmands, lodhis, suris etc. Mongol invasion annihilated ghor, forcing remnants of ghorid tribes to move eastward.
Amir Ibn-i Suri
Amir Suri was a non-Muslim king in the region of Ghor from an ancient dynasty and he was defeated by Mahmud of Ghazni. According to Minhaju-S Siraj, Amir Suri was captured by Mahmud of Ghazni, made prisoner along with his son and taken to Ghazni, where Amir Suri died by poisoning himself.
It was also the last stronghold of an ancient religion professed by the inhabitants when all their neighbors had become Muslim. In the 11th century AD Mahmud of Ghazni defeated the prince of Ghor Ibn -I-Suri, and made him prisoner in a severely-contested engagement in the valley of Ahingaran. Ibn-I-Suri is called a Hindu by the author, who has recorded his overthrow; it does not follow that he was one by religion or by race, but merely that he was not Muhammadan
(The Kingdom of Afghanistan: a historical sketch By George Passman Tate Edition: illustrated Published by Asian Educational Services, 2001 Page 12)
According to recorded Afghan tradition, Surs are descended from the Ghori tribe. Several books by Islamic historians including Tarikh-I-Guzida of Hamdu-lla-Mustaufi, Towareekh Yumny, as well as Ferishta record that besides Muslim Surs there were also Non-Muslim Hindu and Buddhist Surs, who were attacked by Mahmud of Ghazni and converted to Islam by him.
Sultan Mahumud now went to fight with the Ghorians , who were infidels at that time. Suri, their chief, was killed in this war, and his son was taken prisoner; but he killed himself by sucking poison which he had kept under the stone of his ring. The country of Ghor was annexed to that of the Sultan, and the population thereof converted to Islam. He now attacked the fort of Bhim, where was a temple of the Hindus
(Tarikh -I-Guzida of Hamdu-lla-Mustaufi. Page 65 from The History of India told by its own Historians H M Eliot and Dowson Volume 3)
'In the following year AH 401 (AD 1010), Mahmood led his army towards Ghoor . The native prince of the country, Mahomed, of the Afghan tribe of Soor (the same race which gave birth to the dynasty that eventually succeeded in subverting the family of Sebüktigin), occupied an entrinched camp with 10,000 men. Mahmood was repulsed in repeated assaults which he made from morning till noon. Finding that the troops of Ghoor defended their entrenchments with such obstinacy, he caused his army to retreat in apparent confusion, in order to allure the enemy out of his fortified position. The Ghoorians, deceived by the stratagem, pursued the army of Ghizny; when the king, facing about, attacked and defeated them with great slaughter. Mahommed Soor, being made prisoner was brought to the king, but having taken poison, which he always kept under his ring, he died in a few hours; his country was annexed to the dominions of Ghizny. The author of the Towareekh Yumny affirms, that neither the sovereigns of Ghoor nor its inhabitants were Mahomedans till after this victory; whilst the author of the Tubkat-Nasiry, and Fukhr-ood-Deen Moobarik Shah Lody, the latter of whom wrote a history of the Kings of Ghoor in verse, both affirm, that they were converted many years before, even so early as the time of Ally
(Ferishta-Translation John Briggs, p. 28 vol 1)
Shah Hussain was descended from the younger branch of the Ghorian race, while Muhammad-i-Suri, said to be the great-great-grandfather of the Sultans Ghiyas-ud-Din and Muizz-ud-Din (Muhammad of ghor) was descended from the elder branch, with whom sovereignty lay. Shah Hussain by one of his Afghan wives, had three sons, Ghalzi, Ibrahim surnamed Lodi, and Sarwani. The Afghan tribe of Sur was founded by Sur, son of Ismail, grandson of Lodi ("Glossary of the Tribes and Castes of the Punjab and North West Frontier Province" H.A. Rose, Ibetson 1990, P210)
Mahuy Suri
Mahuy Suri was the Sasanian governor of Merv in Khorasan during the reign of Yazdegerd iii.(The Shah-Namah of Fardusi translation by Alexander Rogers LPP Publication Page 547)
Muhammad ibn Suri
First king of ghorid dyansty.
It is said that Muhammad was a great king and most of the territories of Ghor were in his possession. But as many of the inhabitants of Ghor of High and low degree had not yet embraced Islam, there was constant strife among them. The Saffarids came from Nimruz to Bust and Dawar, Ya'qub al-Saffar overpowered Lak-Lak, who was the chief of Takinabad, in the country of Rukhaj. The Ghorians sought the safety in Sara-sang and dwelt there in security but even among them hostilities constantly prevailed between the Muslims and the infidels. One castle was at war with another castle, and their feuds were unceasing; but owing to the inaccessibility of the mountains of Rasiat, which are in Ghor no foreigner was able to overcome them, and Muhammad was the head of all the Mandeshis.(The History of India as told by its own Historians by Eliot and Dowson, Volume 2 page 284)
Ghor itself was a country of infidels, containing only a few Musulmans, and the inhabitants spoke a language different from that of Khurasan (The History of India as told by its own Historians by Eliot and Dowson, Volume 2 page 576)
Amir Kror Suri
Famous Pashto poet and governor of mandesh (ghor).
...............
Some more references
"...the prevalent and apparently the correct opinion is, that both they and their subjects were Afghans. " & "In the time of Sultan Mahmud it was held, as has been observed, by a prince whom Ferishta calls Mohammed Soory (or Sur) Afghan.
(Elphinstone, Mountstuart. The History of India. Vol. 1 p.598-599)
The History of India - Mountstuart Elphinstone - Google Books
"the founder of the Ghori dynaasty, was a native of Afghansitan. The origin of the house of Ghor has, however, been much discussed, - the prevailing opinion being that both they and their subjects were an Afghan race."
(The Cyclopædia of India and of Eastern and Southern Asia, Commercial ... - Edward Balfour - Google Books
First Pashtun empire in India was Bactrian empire
All of your videos are very knowledgeable...
Good video, but I can’t see anything. It’s to close up.
Based empire 🇮🇷🇹🇯
Do conquests of the Prophet Muhammad, who pacified his peaceful way across the Arabian peninsula
Edric Vaurnheart
Actually Muhamad never conquered...
Lol
Muhammad never lived to see Non-Arabian Islamic conquests.
Edric Vaurnheart he fought for defending himself only
Jedi Master Why are u commenting bullshit on every comment...are u a clown??
Why are there so many bot comments here
These are great! more of these, please. super informative.
Ghurid empire the great Tajik empire❤
They were Afghan
This was the first Pashtun empire
The return of Pashtun imperialism
It was pretty multi-ethnic, with many Turks, Persians, Baluchis and Punjabis all working and fighting under it.
But yes the Ghurids themselves were Pashtun.
dsr 478
Yeah it was
dsr 478 Where r u from bro???
Pakistan.
And yourself? I'd assume either Afghanistan or Pakistan but you could be a Hindustani Pathan.
Oh and Asalamu Alaikum.
dsr 478 I’m from Kandahar Afghanistan
And he didn't get a coalition? I'm calling hacks
Ecyclopaedia Iranica, C.E. Bosworth, ("Ghurids" "... [...] Nor do we know anything about the ethnic stock of the Ghori's in general and the Sansabanis in particular; We can only assume that they were eastern Iranian Tajiks ...
Even the biggest supporter of this hypothesis can't go beyond guessing / speculation . Why? Because this hypothesis has no evidence.
The Ghurids' native language was apparently different from their court language, Persian. Abu'l-Fadl Bayhaqi, the famous historian of the Ghaznavid era, wrote on page 117 in his book Tarikh-i Bayhaqi: "Sultan Mas'ud I of Ghaznileft for Ghoristan and sent his learned companion with two people from Ghor as interpreters between this person and the people of that region." However, like the Samanids and Ghaznavids, the Ghurids were great patrons of Persian literature, poetry, and culture, and promoted these in their courts as their own. Contemporary book writers refer to them as the "Persianized Ghurids".[21]
There is nothing to confirm the recent surmise that the inhabitants of Ghor were originally Pashto-speaking, and claims of the existence of Pashto poetry (as in Pata Khazana) from the Ghurid period are unsubstantiated.[22][15]
I cannot conclude this head on the Ghorians without mentioning a remarkable passage found in Janabi, who calls the Ghorides Turks, whilst they are generally reckoned to belong to the Afghans; if it is not, perhaps, to be understood, that only the reigning family was of a Turkish origin. This passage runs thus:-"The first who became known of the Ghorian kings, are the descendants of Hossain; who are a race of Turks, that came from Khata to the mountains of Ghor.
The author of the Khulassat Ulansab, who is very careful in distinguishing the real Afghans from those that are either supposed or erroneously pretend to be Afghans, seems, too, to consider the Ghorian dynasty as a Turkish race: in support of which assertion, I shall insert here a passage relative to this subject:-" When the dynasty of Sultan Mahmud and his descendants became extinct, Sultan Moezz Uddin ben Sam, who is known in Hindustan by the name of Shahab Uddin Ghori, set up for absolute monarch
Nimat Allah, H. (2013). ANNOTATIONS ON PART THE FIRST. In B. Dorn (Trans.), History of the Afghans: Translated from the Persian of Neamet Ullah (Cambridge Library Collection - Perspectives from the Royal Asiatic Society, pp. 255-314). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. doi:10.1017/CBO9781139507653.014
tion reveals on the one hand differences between the literary norm and the dialectal practice , and on the other hand - the fact that in someplaces the Iranian - speaking population in towns coexisted side by side with autochthnonous non - Iranian inhabitants in rustaks ( rural regions ) .
In the middle of the 10th century , the population of the Ghur province in all probability was non - Iranian . That assumption is confirming from the next remark by al - Istakhri : “ Their speech differs from the language of Khurasanians ” ( p . 281 ) .
The contrasting of the Ghur language with the language of Khurasanian people ( not with any dialect ) indirectly indicates to the prevalence of another , non - Iranian ethnic group in Ghur .
Aliy Kolesnikov. “The Early Muslim Geographers on the Ethnic Situation in Khurasan (IX-XIII Centuries A.D.).” Iran & the Caucasus, vol. 1, 1997, pp. 17-24.
The Ghurids (1149-1215) A Sunni Turkic dynasty that grew out of its original base Firuzkuh (near Jam) in Afghanistan and expanded into India; its most famous ruler, Ghiyath al-Din Muhammad b. Sam (r. 1163-1203) , was also a patron of artchitecture, such as structures at Herat,Jam, and Chist.Ghiyath
El-Hibri, T. (2021). The Abbasid Caliphate: A History. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. pp.295
Mosques pre-dating the twelfth-century conquest of India by the Ghurid Turkic dynasty also seem to have abided by a strict avoidance of icons (aniconism ) despite - or because of? - the conspicuous presence of Hindu imagery.
Formichi, C. (2020). Becoming Muslim (Seventh to Eighteenth Centuries). In Islam and Asia: A History (New Approaches to Asian History, pp. 42-74). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. doi:10.1017/9781316226803.005
Afghan King! ❤️
Tajik King
Munkhbat Baatar yanlış kaynağı atmışım südüdlslfögşig
Türk King
@@talyshkhanate5979
Ghurid
In 1148, Ala-ud-Din of the
nomadic Guzz Turks from the mountains of Afghanistan conquered the region of Ghur in eastern Iran, which gave its name to his Ghurid Empire (1148 - 1215).
studybuddhism.com/en/advanced-studies/history-culture/buddhism-islam-advanced/buddhist-muslim-interaction-later-abbasid-period/ghurid-campaigns-on-the-indian-subcontinent
I cannot conclude this head on the Ghorians without mentioning a remarkable passage found in Janabi, who calls the Ghorides Turks, whilst they are generally reckoned to \'91belong to the Afghans; if it" is not, perhaps, to be understood, that only the reigning family Was of a Turkish origin. This passage runs thus :\'97\'93 The \u64257 rst who became known of the Ghorian kings, are the descendants of Hossain; who are a race of Turlcs, that came from Khata to the mountains of Ghor. In the sequel, their affairs prospered; and they possessed themselves of countries, as it is mentioned in the History of As-of Shah, and in the Tarilch Ulmzwader of Ahmed ben Mohammed Altabrizi.\'94 The author of the Khulassat Ulansab, who is very careful in distinguishing the real Afghans from those that are either supposed or erroneously pretend to be Afghans, seems, too, to consider the Ghorian dynasty as a Turkish race: in support of which assertion, I shall insert here a passage relative to this subject :-\'97\'93
History of the Afghans/ Tarikh-i-khan jahani wa makhzan-i-Afghani
Translated from the Persian of Neamet Ullah
Part of Cambridge Library Collection - Perspectives from the Royal Asiatic Society
AUTHOR: Haravi Nimat AllahTRANSLATOR: Bernhard DornDATE PUBLISHED: June 2013AVAILABILITY: Available FORMAT: PaperbackISBN: 9781108056250
History of the Afghans : Translated from the Persian of Neamet Ullah. Dorn, Bernhard., Nimat Allah, Haravi. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. 2013. ISBN 978-1-108-05625-0. OCLC 889971254.
Mosques pre-dating the twelfth-century conquest of India by the Ghurid Turkic dynasty also seem to have abided by a strict avoidance of icons (aniconism ) despite - or because of? - the conspicuous presence of Hindu imagery.
Formichi, C. (2020). Becoming Muslim (Seventh to Eighteenth Centuries). In Islam and Asia: A History (New Approaches to Asian History, pp. 42-74). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. doi:10.1017/9781316226803.005
This process would later lead to the creation of the Delhi kingdom by the Ghurids - Turco-Afghans who succeeded the Ghaznavids - during the twelfth century.
Beaujard, P. (2019). India: From the Chola Empire to the Delhi Sultanate. In The Worlds of the Indian Ocean: A Global History (pp. 216-251). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. doi:10.1017/9781108341219.010
Much of Afghanistan, eastern Iran, and modern Pakistan were ruled by the Turkish Ghurids (ca. 390-612/ca. 1000-1215).
“Islam Spreads Its Banner: A THOUSAND YEARS OF CENTRAL ASIAN IMPERALISM: EIGHTH TO NINETEENTH CENTURIES A.D.” Afghanistan, by LOUIS DUPREE, Princeton University Press, PRINCETON, NEW JERSEY, 1980, pp. 312-341.
The Ghurids (1149-1215) A Sunni Turkic dynasty that grew out of its original base Firuzkuh (near Jam) in Afghanistan and expanded into India; its most famous ruler, Ghiyath al-Din Muhammad b. Sam (r. 1163-1203) , was also a patron of artchitecture, such as structures at Herat,Jam, and Chist.Ghiyath
El-Hibri, T. (2021). The Abbasid Caliphate: A History. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. pp.295
orthern and eastern India towards the end of the twelfth century and the turn of the thirteenth by the Afghan-Turkish Ghurids brought an end to Buddhist learning,
PREISENDANZ, KARIN. “THE PRODUCTION OF PHILOSOPHICAL LITERATURE IN SOUTH ASIA DURING THE PRE-COLONIAL PERIOD (15TH TO 18TH CENTURIES): THE CASE OF THE ‘NYĀYASŪTRA’ COMMENTARIAL TRADITION.” Journal of Indian Philosophy, vol. 33, no. 1, 2005, pp. 55-94.
Central Asia and India by a myriad of Turkish gubernatorial dynasties (Ghaznavids, Ghurids , Seljuks, Khwarazmshahs), Persian moved ahead of Arabic as the legitimising lan- guage of choice. N
Mitchell, Colin. “Reconsidering State and Constituency in Seventeenth-Century Safavid Iran: The Wax and Wane of the Munshi.” Secretaries and Statecraft in the Early Modern World, edited by Paul M. Dover, Edinburgh University Press, Edinburgh, 2016, pp. 206-234.
Lahore became a capital of two Turko-Afghan dynasties, first the Ghaznavids and later the Ghurids .
DUNN, ROSS E. "Delhi." In The Adventures of Ibn Battuta: A Muslim Traveler of the Fourteenth Century, 183-212. University of California Press, 2012.
Fuller Islamization took place between the tenth and the twelfth century through the efforts of the Persianized Turkic dynasties of the Ghaznavids and Ghurids . Based in the high mountains of central Afghanistan
Azad, Arezou. “The Beginnings of Islam in Afghanistan: Conquest, Acculturation, and Islamization.” Afghanistan's Islam: From Conversion to the Taliban, edited by Nile Green, University of California Press, Oakland, California, 2017, pp. 41-55.
But, the Ghurid Turks and Simnanis defeated 'Masud Badshah' in the plains of Poshang on 13 Safar
HAIDER, MANSURA. “THE REVOLT OF MAHMUD TARABI AND THE SARBADAR MOVEMENT.” Proceedings of the Indian History Congress, vol. 52, 1991, pp. 939-949.
An account of the revelation and early history of Islam including the Umayyad conquest of Sindh is followed by a section entitled "Turks", which subsumes the Ghaznavid raids, the Ghurid conquests and the Delhi
Flatt, Emma J. Bulletin of the School of Oriental and African Studies, University of London, vol. 76, no. 1, 2013, pp. 136-138.
Yet, so poor is our understand- ing of the existing system of Hindu power, that the reasons for the ultimate victory of the Ghurid Turks
Stein, Burton. The Journal of Asian Studies, vol. 25, no. 2, 1966, pp. 353-354.
These included the Seleucid, Greco-Bactrian, Indo-Greek, Mauryan, Parthian, Saca, Yiieh- Chih, Kushan, Sassanian, Hepthalite, Hindu-Shahi, early Muslim Arab, Abbasid, Tahirid, Samanid, Saffarid, Ilek Khan Turk, Ghaznavid, Turkish Ghorid , Seljuk Turk, Turkish Khwarazm Shah, Delhi Sultans, Mongol, Kart, Timurid, Shaybani, Safavid
“Historical Factors Shaping Modern Afghanistan.” Afghanistan's Endless War: State Failure, Regional Politics, and the Rise of the Taliban, by LARRY P. GOODSON, University of Washington Press, Seattle; London, 2001, pp. 23-53.
In his paper on Some Studies in Pre- Mughal Historiography, Mr. P. Hardy holds that Ghorid Turkish invaders "did make possible, however, the introduction of historiography as a deliberate form of cultural expression with a conscious interest in what actually happened in the past, into Hindustan proper"
Datta, K.K. India Quarterly, vol. 20, no. 1, 1964, pp. 70-77.
Afghans💗💗💗
Brock Lesnar Ghurid dynasty was not Turkic they were Eastern Iranic people not Turkic
Brock Lesnar Tajik are Iranic not Turkic just search about Tajik people
Tajiks aren't turkic. Please do a little research before you make false claims.
@@zarakl821 shut up bich Paştun!!!
Gurid Tajik Empire!!!!
@Hassan A Ghurid
In 1148, Ala-ud-Din of the
nomadic Guzz Turks from the mountains of Afghanistan conquered the region of Ghur in eastern Iran, which gave its name to his Ghurid Empire (1148 - 1215).
studybuddhism.com/en/advanced-studies/history-culture/buddhism-islam-advanced/buddhist-muslim-interaction-later-abbasid-period/ghurid-campaigns-on-the-indian-subcontinent
tion reveals on the one hand differences between the literary norm and the dialectal practice , and on the other hand - the fact that in someplaces the Iranian - speaking population in towns coexisted side by side with autochthnonous non - Iranian inhabitants in rustaks ( rural regions ) .
In the middle of the 10th century , the population of the Ghur province in all probability was non - Iranian . That assumption is confirming from the next remark by al - Istakhri : “ Their speech differs from the language of Khurasanians ” ( p . 281 ) .
The contrasting of the Ghur language with the language of Khurasanian people ( not with any dialect ) indirectly indicates to the prevalence of another , non - Iranian ethnic group in Ghur .
Aliy Kolesnikov. “The Early Muslim Geographers on the Ethnic Situation in Khurasan (IX-XIII Centuries A.D.).” Iran & the Caucasus, vol. 1, 1997, pp. 17-24.
Damn ! This was a nice experiment imo
And underrated empire and my favorites. Long live Afghans!
I cannot conclude this head on the Ghorians without mentioning a remarkable passage found in Janabi, who calls the Ghorides Turks, whilst they are generally reckoned to \'91belong to the Afghans; if it" is not, perhaps, to be understood, that only the reigning family Was of a Turkish origin. This passage runs thus :\'97\'93 The \u64257 rst who became known of the Ghorian kings, are the descendants of Hossain; who are a race of Turlcs, that came from Khata to the mountains of Ghor. In the sequel, their affairs prospered; and they possessed themselves of countries, as it is mentioned in the History of As-of Shah, and in the Tarilch Ulmzwader of Ahmed ben Mohammed Altabrizi.\'94 The author of the Khulassat Ulansab, who is very careful in distinguishing the real Afghans from those that are either supposed or erroneously pretend to be Afghans, seems, too, to consider the Ghorian dynasty as a Turkish race: in support of which assertion, I shall insert here a passage relative to this subject :-\'97\'93
History of the Afghans/ Tarikh-i-khan jahani wa makhzan-i-Afghani
Translated from the Persian of Neamet Ullah
Part of Cambridge Library Collection - Perspectives from the Royal Asiatic Society
AUTHOR: Haravi Nimat AllahTRANSLATOR: Bernhard DornDATE PUBLISHED: June 2013AVAILABILITY: Available FORMAT: PaperbackISBN: 9781108056250
www.wdl.org/en/item/3034/view/1/304/
Chronicler: thesaurus.babylon-software.com/Nimat%20Allah%20al-Harawi
Original Work:
archive.org/details/TarikhEKhanJahaniOMakhzanEAfghaniJildEAwwal-KhwajaNematullahBinKhwajaHabeebullahAl-HarawiFarsi
You have no history.Pashtuns got ruled by Turks,Mongols and Arabs😂😂😂
@@Nomadicenjoyerplus Dude why are you so racist? Can't you be a bit open minded.
@@Nomadicenjoyerplus Then could you clarify the counter evidence than Ghoris were Eastern Iranian?
@@jonsnow1055
You called me racist but ignored your dūmb comment on the Ottoman video :)))
I have a great deal of respect for the majority of Indian people for resisting Islamization.
India is indeed a role model in many ways...
It's a shame that my country Iran was Islamized and we lost our home-grown religion and culture ☹
Lol "resist" they got completely screwed. Their very language is a bastardised version of Urdu, which was invented by the Khiliji dynasty and adapted into its modern form by the Mughals.
David Robert
urdu is only spoken in rohillakhand area of Uttar Pradesh a very small area of India...rest of India still speak sanskritized languages
+Jedi Master I'm talking about Hindi. Hindi is a rip off of Urdu, but a completely butchered version at that.
David Robert its actually the other way around...khariboli was spoken in the same area before muslims came and that too is a sanskritized language...after muslim came it got partially bastardized into so called urdu after addition of islamic arabo-persian words...but the same was rectified and the language was returned to its original state in 19th century whereas fake language urdu was injected with more arabo persian words
+Jedi Master Hahaha, someone's upset about the Islamic invasions. If they are such scum why do you guys still take the Taj Mahal as a national treasure? What about your food? A lot of your food is Mughlai cuisine. And your language, no matter how much you say it isn't, is just a bastardised version of theirs.
Amazing you added the Khasa kingdom
Excellent video!
I am an Afghan from Ghur province we call Shahb udin Muhammad Ghurid, the king lion of Ghurids 👑🦁🇦🇫
I think it's interesting how India was constantly colonized by outer forces since the 13th century...
India has been always colonized. The first Invasion was by The Aryans (Not the Nazi Aryans) who came from Central Asia. They brought Sanskrit and early tenets of Hinduism with Advance Technology to India. The only true natives on this land has been the Dravidians in the south which have also been heavily influenced and mixed with north so no pure Dravidian remains.
Brahmin Power, The Theory is still debated among historians not disproved...
Ansariz Bros It is disproved
Ansariz Bros
Do you live in a cave ? That theory was debunked long ago !
If 'aryans' are not native to India then neither are the 'dravidians' by that logic. Everyone migrated from somewhere at some point
Aibak( Aybak ) is a Turkic name. Where was he from Ollie?
Nobody knows exactly where he was from, because he lived his early life as a slave. But as the previous reply says, he was turkic.
Ahmet ÇAKIR Assalamu alaykum arkadash, ben Kazakstannanbin. Biz bir khalyqbiz.
Wadood Taibek Ve Aleyküm Selam. Siz bizim arkadaşımız değil karındaşımızsınız. ( You are not our friends, you are our brothers and sisters. ) TR KZ
Ahmet ÇAKIR Uzbekistan
savage q Özbekistan, Kırgızistan,Kazakistan,Türkmenistan,Azerbaycan, Türkiye
So professionnal I love it
Those who abusing mohmmad of ghor i want to tell you his great grand father was budhist named as amir suri
Hindu according to utbi
@Ganda Bacha Ghorids were not Tajiks man, they were Pashtuns and belonged to Sur tribe also spoke Pashto. Nothing about their lifestyle or manner screamed "Tajik."
Shadab Khan Mughal
In the 12th century the Ghūrid Turks were driven out of Khorāsān and later out of Ghazna by the Khwārezm-Shah dynasty.
www.britannica.com/place/India/The-Rajputs#ref485518
The period between the decline of the Mauryans and the arrivel of the Ghurid Turks in c. A.D.
1200 is not one of the particular interest for students of Indian urbanization.
assets.cambridge.org/97805213/90453/sample/9780521390453ws.pdf
Toward the end of the twelfth century, however, the Ghaznavids were themselves overrun by another Turkish confederation, the chiefs of Ghur, located in the hills of central Afghanistan.
One of the clearest statements of this political vision was given by Fakhr al-Din Razi (d. 1209) of Herat, a celebrated Iranian scholar and jurist who served several Khurasani princes, in particular those of the Ghurid dynasty of Turks.
publishing.cdlib.org/ucpressebooks/view?docId=ft067n99v9&chunk.id=ch02&toc.depth=1&toc.id=ch02&brand=ucpress
Ghurid empire was Pashtun tribes of ghor they were formerly some Buddhist before adopting Islam from former Afghan emperor sultan mahmud of ghazni.Ghiyath al-Din Muhammad,Shah Hussian Ghori was Pashtun as long as other commanders of the empire.The ghurid spoke Pashto and the army and administration were mainly consisted of ethnic Afghan Pashtuns.Ghauris were Pashtuns, linguistically and culturally They were tribal people of ghoristan mountains, divided into numerous tribes.
Among the numerous Ghorid chiefs, the Shansabani tribe had the most authority over all the other Ghorid tribes "the Shansabani were a tribe and the Ghauris were structured as a tribal society.If you look at the Geneology of the Shansabani Tribe; you notice that the Patriarch of the Shansabani rulers possesses the name "Suri". e.g Sayf ud-Din Suri (1146-1149 ). Mohammad ibn suri, who was ancestor of shahabudin ghauri.
Baihaqi who is considered as the most famous historian of the Ghaznavid era had written in page 117 that "Sultan Massud leaves for (jaroos ghoor) “jai darmeshi paat”... and sends his learned companion with two people from Ghor as interpreter between this person and the people of that region.Amir karor suri, malak ya gharsheen and
asad suri were famous pashto poets from ghor/ghoristan region before times of mongol invasion.
Ghor itself is a pashto word which means mountain.
The Suri tribe of the Afghans inhabited the mountains of Ghor east of Furrah and their principal cities were Ghore, Feruzi and Bamian (Gazetteer of the world or dictionary of geographical knowledge. Vol 5. London: A Fullerton and Company. p. 61.)
Also Note that original abode of numerous pashtun tribes was ghor e.g Niazis, mohmands, lodhis, suris etc. Mongol invasion annihilated ghor, forcing remnants of ghorid tribes to move eastward.
Amir Ibn-i Suri
Amir Suri was a non-Muslim king in the region of Ghor from an ancient dynasty and he was defeated by Mahmud of Ghazni. According to Minhaju-S Siraj, Amir Suri was captured by Mahmud of Ghazni, made prisoner along with his son and taken to Ghazni, where Amir Suri died by poisoning himself.
It was also the last stronghold of an ancient religion professed by the inhabitants when all their neighbors had become Muslim. In the 11th century AD Mahmud of Ghazni defeated the prince of Ghor Ibn -I-Suri, and made him prisoner in a severely-contested engagement in the valley of Ahingaran. Ibn-I-Suri is called a Hindu by the author, who has recorded his overthrow; it does not follow that he was one by religion or by race, but merely that he was not Muhammadan
(The Kingdom of Afghanistan: a historical sketch By George Passman Tate Edition: illustrated Published by Asian Educational Services, 2001 Page 12)
According to recorded Afghan tradition, Surs are descended from the Ghori tribe. Several books by Islamic historians including Tarikh-I-Guzida of Hamdu-lla-Mustaufi, Towareekh Yumny, as well as Ferishta record that besides Muslim Surs there were also Non-Muslim Hindu and Buddhist Surs, who were attacked by Mahmud of Ghazni and converted to Islam by him.
Sultan Mahumud now went to fight with the Ghorians , who were infidels at that time. Suri, their chief, was killed in this war, and his son was taken prisoner; but he killed himself by sucking poison which he had kept under the stone of his ring. The country of Ghor was annexed to that of the Sultan, and the population thereof converted to Islam. He now attacked the fort of Bhim, where was a temple of the Hindus
(Tarikh -I-Guzida of Hamdu-lla-Mustaufi. Page 65 from The History of India told by its own Historians H M Eliot and Dowson Volume 3)
'In the following year AH 401 (AD 1010), Mahmood led his army towards Ghoor . The native prince of the country, Mahomed, of the Afghan tribe of Soor (the same race which gave birth to the dynasty that eventually succeeded in subverting the family of Sebüktigin), occupied an entrinched camp with 10,000 men. Mahmood was repulsed in repeated assaults which he made from morning till noon. Finding that the troops of Ghoor defended their entrenchments with such obstinacy, he caused his army to retreat in apparent confusion, in order to allure the enemy out of his fortified position. The Ghoorians, deceived by the stratagem, pursued the army of Ghizny; when the king, facing about, attacked and defeated them with great slaughter. Mahommed Soor, being made prisoner was brought to the king, but having taken poison, which he always kept under his ring, he died in a few hours; his country was annexed to the dominions of Ghizny. The author of the Towareekh Yumny affirms, that neither the sovereigns of Ghoor nor its inhabitants were Mahomedans till after this victory; whilst the author of the Tubkat-Nasiry, and Fukhr-ood-Deen Moobarik Shah Lody, the latter of whom wrote a history of the Kings of Ghoor in verse, both affirm, that they were converted many years before, even so early as the time of Ally
(Ferishta-Translation John Briggs, p. 28 vol 1)
Shah Hussain was descended from the younger branch of the Ghorian race, while Muhammad-i-Suri, said to be the great-great-grandfather of the Sultans Ghiyas-ud-Din and Muizz-ud-Din (Muhammad of ghor) was descended from the elder branch, with whom sovereignty lay. Shah Hussain by one of his Afghan wives, had three sons, Ghalzi, Ibrahim surnamed Lodi, and Sarwani. The Afghan tribe of Sur was founded by Sur, son of Ismail, grandson of Lodi ("Glossary of the Tribes and Castes of the Punjab and North West Frontier Province" H.A. Rose, Ibetson 1990, P210)
Mahuy Suri
Mahuy Suri was the Sasanian governor of Merv in Khorasan during the reign of Yazdegerd iii.(The Shah-Namah of Fardusi translation by Alexander Rogers LPP Publication Page 547)
Muhammad ibn Suri
First king of ghorid dyansty.
It is said that Muhammad was a great king and most of the territories of Ghor were in his possession. But as many of the inhabitants of Ghor of High and low degree had not yet embraced Islam, there was constant strife among them. The Saffarids came from Nimruz to Bust and Dawar, Ya'qub al-Saffar overpowered Lak-Lak, who was the chief of Takinabad, in the country of Rukhaj. The Ghorians sought the safety in Sara-sang and dwelt there in security but even among them hostilities constantly prevailed between the Muslims and the infidels. One castle was at war with another castle, and their feuds were unceasing; but owing to the inaccessibility of the mountains of Rasiat, which are in Ghor no foreigner was able to overcome them, and Muhammad was the head of all the Mandeshis.(The History of India as told by its own Historians by Eliot and Dowson, Volume 2 page 284)
Ghor itself was a country of infidels, containing only a few Musulmans, and the inhabitants spoke a language different from that of Khurasan (The History of India as told by its own Historians by Eliot and Dowson, Volume 2 page 576)
Amir Kror Suri
Famous Pashto poet and governor of mandesh (ghor).
...............
Some more references
"...the prevalent and apparently the correct opinion is, that both they and their subjects were Afghans. " & "In the time of Sultan Mahmud it was held, as has been observed, by a prince whom Ferishta calls Mohammed Soory (or Sur) Afghan.
(Elphinstone, Mountstuart. The History of India. Vol. 1 p.598-599)
The History of India - Mountstuart Elphinstone - Google Books
"the founder of the Ghori dynaasty, was a native of Afghansitan. The origin of the house of Ghor has, however, been much discussed, - the prevailing opinion being that both they and their subjects were an Afghan race."
(The Cyclopædia of India and of Eastern and Southern Asia, Commercial ... - Edward Balfour - Google Books