The underground tunnel investigation
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- เผยแพร่เมื่อ 21 ก.ย. 2024
- In this video we investigate an underground tunnel. This tunnel is in the Irwell valley by the river Irwell. We are in Salford and not far from Manchester. We found this underground tunnel and decided to investigate. Clearly it has an industrial use as it has some old victorian pipework sticking out of it. We trace its source using old maps and Ordnance survey maps. We come to a junction in the tunnel where two other feeds join it. This is clearly something to do with the Outwood brickworks and the Manchester Bury Bolton canal. Possibly dug in the 18th century this is a man made industrial revolution piece of Industrial heritage
In my old hometown there was a park with a manmade pond where people were allowed to swim in the summer. On the far side of the pond was an overflow drain that was hidden by reeds. It was 10' square and kept the pond from flooding the park during rain.
The drain was a new addition to the park. There was the old part of the park where the original stream drained the pond; a decade ago they bricked off the edge of the pond and installed the overflow. Then the old part of the watercourse was basically forgotten.
I went exploring down there one day and discovered that they had routed the overflow to the original watercourse. The culvert was huge, 9 or 10 feet high, and so naturally, I went in and explored. The tunnel went in about 50' and then had a 45 degree turn, went for another 20 feet, and you found yourself directly below the overflow drain.
It's beautiful down there. A big chamber, probably 10' square and 12' high, with the sunlight coming down and a waterfall on each side. Once I was down there, I discovered that if one grubbed around a little, one could find bits of lost articles from swimmers that had washed in, including jewelry.
There was another drain tunnel that left the chamber, and it was 4' high. So one day I brought some waders and tried to find out where it went.
It was a concrete drain tunnel, and sloped gently down. I must have gone on for fifty yards, and it was a huge mistake...my knees and back were killing me the whole time!!
The tunnel only emptied into a smelly runoff ditch full of stagnant water. I left both sore and disappointed.
Great stuff, where is this
@@MartinZero North Texas. The overflow drain is relatively new, but the park itself goes back to the 1930s.
The pipe would have had a 90° bent down at the end and would be used as a steam release pipe. The idea here is that you can't release steam into a natural tunnel, since it too porous and would exit in random locations.
Releasing it below the water line of a running river avoids the need to pump water from the river and a cooling system which condensates the steam.
This is basically the easiest method to run a steam engine :)
So it was a steam outlet to condense steam under water but it must be possible to trace the pipe backwards to its source
it seems to be a pipe built of steel or iron and made to take more pressure than a drainage pipe. the steam outlet theory seems plausible. would it be worth shining a focusing torch up it to see where it goes?
@@vsvnrg3263 well it goes straight up below the tunnel, there's no doubt about that. But it's also clear that there's no way it goes past the junction and follows the stream further uphill, since the rock formation on the ground is clearly natural.
So it's likely splitting where the junction is and heading to two steam machine locations.
@@Basaljet I'm sure you can find the same pipes above ground where the two "dead end" tunnels end :)
@@RubenKelevra , pipe manufacturing methods have changed over the years. there may be a viewer that can date the pipe.
The stream goes back tothe scout camp and is topped up from hurstwood and nutall wood streams that run under the Outwood trail via tunnels. A very interesting and wet area. Outwood gate farm is for sale if you are interested, some of the springs originate from the farm. Have you done Nob end?...Where the canal collapsed into the river irwel, Near the 3 locks that are being excavated and link the Bury arm to the Manchester Bolton canal. It just keeps on giving.
Steve.
Yeah so much around there
Fantastic Martin Zero production, with all the trappings ! Proper investigator mustaches, tea time twice and a pub finish. James is doing well, adding an adjacent land survey. The mystery deepens with hand scored tunnels with century's old construction survey on the cieling, a quality water source and what appears to be a substantial steam pipe from the early 1800's. A brick works, a canal works with Victorian engineering. It just cant get any better than this, Oh my :) Martin with James is on the job. If any one can get to the bottom of this, its Martin Zero ! There's a cult following developing here, Perfect !! Thanks so much for this :)
I wish I could get to the bottom of it James
Heres another idea for you. I guess what you found there, are very old drainage tunnels, and were talking medieval times here. They probably wanted to turn a swampy area into farmland. When they saw the water disappear in the ground where you came out, they just widened and opened that natural cave so it can carry more water and drain the area. Its was also done, when they wanted to build big heavy buildings like churches, or castles, cause if there was too much groundwater, you couldnt dig a hole to the bedrock cause your hole would fill up with groundwater all time and these buildings need to be build on solid bedrock. So usually they would build drainage tunnels, or even create whole manmade rivers to drain an area and lower the groundwater levels, so the ground was dry and hard enough to build on and you could dig down to the bedrock without your working area filling with water all the time. Also, if your foundation is wet over long periods of time, that will erode and weaken even the hardest stone and in winter, the ice would crack your foundation to bits and could even blow rocks to pieces from the expanding that happens when water freezes. These architects back in medieval times werent stupid, they planned for their work to last hundrets of years.
And last but not least, i think my point is proofen by the fact that theres a steampipe in the tunnel. The factory probably found a network of already existing tunnels and just threw their steampipes in there. Cause if you think about it, they had pipes, they could have just built a pipeline going straight downhill to the river, what would be the logic way to do it, shortest way etc. but it was probably a lot cheaper to just throw em in the tunnel where you dont need to built something new, instead of building foundations, fencing everything in cause of the hot pipe, buying building licences, buying the land you want to build your pipeline on... Instead you just put them in the tunnel and youre done.
And the brickwall was probably to dam the water so the steampipe is submerged in water, cause as we in the tunneling business know, rock that heats up expands, so having a boiling hot pipe in the tunnel, would have made it collapse at some point. So they dammed the water so the pipe lays submerged in the cold water and gets cooled down.
So thats my theory, could be 100% true or 100% wrong. And i just feel, if these tunnels were only 120 or 140 years old, they would have done it differently, like built an open waterway and bricked it up or something, not going to the very long and costly way of chisseling out a small tunnel by hand, just to get rid of some steam... Just doesnt sound right to me.
Loving the Morricone-esque intro music 👍🏼
I'm currently in greece and the sunrise is wonderful every day...its just got better here as I've just watched this ......1st class as always martin and friends xxx ps love the boy from space at the intro
...it frightened the life out of me in 1978 in junior school lol
Yeah it was scary. I am sure I watched it about 1973
Just wanted to say how much I like your new intros with the toy camera van! I saw the vid where you got it, I love old toys
Thanks Alexa
Lovely video of a beautifully enigmatic site. Not every story needs an ending, you know. Love the music here, especially the crunchy little bit at the start.
Did I see 'Chocky' in that montage of old TV? Damn creepy show, that. Written by John Wyndham, who also wrote 'The Midwich Cuckoos', and 'The Day Of The Triffids'. Neither of those very kid friendly, but some suit thought that 'Chocky' would make a great kids' show. Top guy.
Good to see your camera van getting the miles in. It'd make a good channel icon, would that.
Nice one.
No Chocky wasnt in it but after you had mentioned it. I watched the first 5 episodes
Not just good education but loads of fun to watch you two working together all the bantering
Cheers Katherine 😀👍
In my last job I use to do pathfinder for engineer inspection in all sorts of culverts and discussed rail tunnels all over the country.
I do miss the work was very interesting, got to see things that most folk only see in clips like yours.
Unfinished business ?
The search for the lost caterpillars (which were right there under their noses all the time !).
Well that is my supposition and theory.
Brilliant video yet again.
I'm just glad it wasn't one of those dangerous overground tunnels.
I am simply impressed. No one would make me crouch into a small underground tunnel with water in it. I am glad you two does it for us. And though you "got to the bottom of nothing", it was wildly interesting. Again an unexplainable remnant of something from the past. I find it exiting. Keep up the good work.
Best regards from Denmark
Thanks for the video lads I thought we were in the game Jumanji for a minute or two 😉 have read on other people's comments you can see how it all adds up in the end. Thanks for this expedition beautiful spring water!!😎🐓🐓🐓🐓🇬🇧
I'm glad that James was sensible enough to go back overland!
Yes he is much more sensible than me. Such a virtue going back overland ? 😁
I really appreciate your efforts to bring us interesting local history, in this case very local as I live fairly nearby. It's hard enough entering an underground culvert but when it's that low it must have been torture, well done the pair of you.
Above and beyond with that one Martin , my knees were hurting just watching , the things you put yourself through to bring us these fascinating videos
The wall at the entrance was meant to keep the water level higher to flood the tunnel. The two dead ends at the 3 way junction are the paths to the water pickup and steam release pipes were drilled down. Above are probably the ruins of some vintage factory :)
Yeah right nice guess and thanks Ruben
@@MartinZero as I watched further I saw you dug out an ancient map of the area with a brickworks factory. So I guess you don't have to really search for something 😬
But you could measure the distance and the angle of the tunnel until the junction with a laser and a compass. Should make it easy to find the spot on the surface where the tunnel was used to feed two steam boilers
@@MartinZero what’s with the tash’s
Wow.. all that wildlife, fish living in the water, a moth living on the ceiling and a strange caterpillar living on James's top lip.
Thats his spare coat
Brilliant martin, so much history round here. Opposite that bank on other side is an iron door where i think the syphon went underground and back up other side. 👍
I know all about that other side Andrew 👍
Well, it's clearly a culvert under the canal, where water levels are paramount, agreed. And the other guys' explanations about steam release etc, well I leave that to their greater knowledge. Great to see this follow up!
Culvert under the canal - agreed, and also the LYR would want the brook to run under their railway embankment and track in a controlled manner. Can't allow a pesky stream to wash away all the ballast, now can we...? I suspect they would want to contain the brook, so they probably chose the shortest place to tunnel? Three way junction? No idea. Fascinating as ever Martin and James. Keep 'em cumin' guys.
Brilliant Martin/James glad you went back.
Watching now👍
On the second map you showed was a disused sewer works that appear to be in the same area as the right hand branch in the tunnel. Great video, really enjoy your explorations
Yes, by all means it is a man made feeder from the canal from an old brook combined with industrial use, buried underground... ...WOW, good find mates ...Industrial heritage none the less. Historical always. Thanks Lads.
As a child I used to play in Nuttall wood. I remember that there's an old concrete construction in the bottom of the valley . It was all overgrown and the stream ran through the middle of it. I think it could of been some sort of sluice gate.
My step father many many years ago used to own Clarke's hill farm.
Another Super Sunday. Thanks again for all your hard work.
Thanks Simon
The mill tunnels in Waterhead, Oldham might be an interesting video for you to cover one day. You can enter them in the pond at the bottom of the hill behind the Shepherds Boy pub.
Sounds good Sean
Absolutely brilliant adventure Martin, loved the “James goes rogue” bit 😄
Edit: Sapphire & Steel 😎👍🏼
Top marks for spotting Sapphire and Steel
@@MartinZero Will never forget a show as delightfully bizarre as that 😁
Sapphire and steel that is nostalgic bloody well lol
Thanks for doing this one so promptly martin it got me so interested when you showed it I was almost prepared to risk having my wheelchair made off road to try and chance it
Yeah we went back right after last weeks video
@@MartinZero great job buddy you probably saved this silly old buggers life
Another fascinating adventure. Usually the shaky camera work on these kinds of videos gives me motion sickness but even crawling around in tunnel you managed to have steady camera work.
The Heroic Two ride again... or explore tunnel again. Fantastic video.
Thank you William
Its part of the old Ringley Woods at Giants Seat,,,in the 50s we used to go camping in the woods....we used that water for everything drinking washing etc,,,,,we did that cave back in those days regularly ...we got there through Drinkies Park,,,,,,that was our playground for the Whit Lane kids
I thought at first the tunnel was dug for the stream to go under the road. but I like your idea that the stream went under the canal and possibly under the railway line as well. Great bit of exploration. I was amazed that you could get out of the tunnel at the far end as I imagined that the far end would be a small shaft from the streams original position up that hill, with the water dropping vertically down the little shaft, but obviously not so. I like Ruben Kelevra's idea about the pipe being for steam. Great video, many thanks, Pete
Thanks Pete
Just the sort of explore I love! It doesn't matter that you 'got to the bottom of nothing', there was still at lot of interest there, thank you for taking us along with you. :)
You may not have gotten to the bottom of this mystery but you made a good video investigating it. Isn't that most of the fun? Good Luck, Rick
Thanks very much Rick
Loved the tunnel adventure, thank you for sharing, cheers Roos 🙋🏻♀️🌹👊🏻👍🏻🤗🥰🍻
Thanks very much Roos
@@MartinZero 🥐☕️🙋🏻♀️🌹
Excellent video, Martin! I did not fancy the tunnel at all, but I was amazed when it emerged into ‘The land that time forgot’. I did not expect that! You’ve earned yourself an egg tea!
Great video again Martin, quality of filmmaking increases with every one. Well done.
You guys are doing everything I've always wanted to do, find old things and research and explore and bring us knowledge on it. Always love your videos Martin. I kinda wonder if at one point that pipe was tied into a spring at one time
very perplexing Martin...I really like it when you emerged into the 'land that time forgot'.....I bet thats a nice cool spot to go when its hot in the summer if the bugs aren't too ferocious...
Love a bit of underground explore, be top class as always. 👍
Cheers, it was fun ...not 😁
As always the best thing on Sunday to watch
Thank you
The beehives used to belong to my mates grandad he had a few hives and nukes set up around the local Bolton area and he had these behind the disused settlement/sludge tanks. Helped him many years ago to collect honey from them. That area around the disused settlement tanks will be getting filled soon though with the overfill from the WwTW expansion up the road.
You went back so sooon! 💯🍻🏴👌⛏️
Day after you watched the last video
A fascinating mystery. Maybe the answer lies in the history of that brickworks? My guess (for what it's worth) is that the 'lost world' oasis where you emerged is the clay pit for the brickworks, that the brickworks started off as being for bricks to build the canal, and the tunnel was to drain the claypit without disturbing the bedrock where the canal was going to be built. So basically the tunnel came first, then claypit then canal.
Hmm ? Maybe ?
That was good.
I know this doesn't work logically, but there are times I start watching one of your videos and am happy that you're alive at the end of it.
Our kid, I can't tell you how much I appreciate you making these videos. I know it's daft to say it, but you make my life better.
Thanks for taking the time to go back and investigate, hope yours and James's legs and knees have recovered, take care cheers
Yeah we have recovered. Thanks Andy
Thanks you Martine for a nice video see you next week
Cheers Steffen
Well that was an adventure, followed by a mystery, followed by a ton of questions. Great explore Martin and James. They obviously moved it underground for a reason. Your thought about the canal seems to be the most likely to me.
Seems unlikely to be honest, a canal company turning down a free source of water? It wouldn't have been dug by me with picks in the 20th century, so probably not the sewage works. I'm wondering if it was an outflow from the brickworks that the canal company didn't want polluting their canal maybe? There's no sign of the pipe at the other end of the tunnel, so that's probably under the sand one way or another at the junction (or possibly both sides). There's no way they'd go to all that trouble for nothing, that's a lot of work there.
@@AnthonyIlstonJones Hmmm, I wonder if the Pipe turns up one of the paths at the three way junction. I presume that whoever dug the tunnel didn't want the brook going wherever it was previously, presumably joining the River Irwell somewhere else. Hard to know at this late date.
I do think it was lowered for the canal
Great video chaps , love it 😁🧱👍🏼
Interesting, well filmed with good sound.
When you came out of the tunnel the banking you were facing was put there to prevent the river Irwell flooding onto the land behind, which was a natural flood plain.
This banking would have prevented the natural drainage from the springs in the Nuttall wood so the tunnel you climbed through was constructed to enable the water to flow into the Irwell thus allowing the natural drainage from the land behind the banking.
Great stuff Martin Zero.
I was getting strong vibes of the German TV series Dark, also featuring a protagonist called Martin. I thought you were going to find a small door and end up in the same place but in the 80s.
I watched that but it got so bloody complicated I gave up
Great Video Martin thank you
Mmmmm! more question's than answer's here Martin as you said, love the intro of the old test card etc and caught a flash of the boy from space there that scared the crap out of me. Anyway thanks again nice bonus there wasn't expecting another so soon, Cheers!
Thank you, yeah 'Peep Peep' scared me as well
He the boy from space, I was looking to see if anyone gave a name to that clip. Thank you, I haven’t seen it for years.
Great too see the professional film crew on this job Martin well done.
Dunno how they got on that rock Barry
Very interesting, water looks so clean.
Really interesting like watching all the old forgotten places you find. Amazing to think years back people made these tunnels without the Morden equipment available now. Thanks again Martin excellent video.
Everyone has a theory so here's mine...
Agree with those who say it is redirection of natural watercourse under the canal - they had the need to do so and the workforce of tunnellers to do it. The side channels would be overflow drains from the pound (length of canal between locks) more or less directly above. Locks generally empty into the pound below thus conserving water.
Now the pipe. Remember the brick wall at the entrance? If that were intact across the stream then there would be a decent head of water to power a water wheel or turbine of some kind - the pipe would have come up inside the tunnel somewhere but has since blocked. Alternatively it could have been used as a small water source to pump water INTO the canal when water therein was low. This seems a little odd seeing there is a bloody great river right there too, but issues with water rights etc could have played a part. Consider researching the canal plans if they still exist.
Sounds like a good theory Derek
Excellent video as always. The frame at the end showing “Sapphire and Steel” is that a reference to your channel name with Steel’s ability to freeze himself to absolute zero which gives him the ability to destroy 'ghosts'
No but top marks for spotting it. That was a good storyline as well
I really enjoyed this. The exciting thing is we did not know anything on a stream with no name. I liked James on the return when he had bees on one side of him and stinging nettles on the other.
Another excellent video Martin :) It's always cool to see the old pick marks in those tunnels! And I think that watercourse should be christened 'Zero Brook,' since it does not yet have a name ;)
Yeah definitely Zero brook 😃
Mmmmmmm, cider vinegar crisps. Been waiting all week to see that tunnel, thanks for exploring it.
Them crisps are good
Least Yr honest about what you do know and what you don't, good videos
Mystery pipe video is a lot of fun, at least for us sitting at home. Thanks. :>
Mystery Pipe could be a new song
Cool video and a mystery .....we all like a mystery to get mind going .
Thanks for a heroic exploration. Keep up the good work; we are learning about Manchester's industrial history.
Hi Martin another informative video the water was very clear the pipe was a very small bore looks metal and perhaps a joint as you can see a fastening.
And one other thing was that a carpet growing under your nose 😂
Dorset Andy keep the faith🐝🐝
Carpet !!! You do know its coming winter dont you 😀
The intrepid explorers at it again, with detective Danny on the case too! 💪 You guys my not have gotten to the bottom of it yet, but you certainly got deeper!
Yeah its one of those that slowly reveals itself
This one was one of your best videos! I know in the video you said we have got no answers, but as viewers we were very entertained.
Wasn’t there a band called Attempted Moustache? Just asking 😂 😆
proto- Half Man Half Biscuit
I thought it was only me that had seen them.
Great video, absolutely loved it! My mouth actually dropped open when you reached daylight and stepped outside, really fab stuff! However, the sooner you guys stop being in denial about you going caving (that was so 'a caving trip') then you could wear waterproof overalls, wet socks in your wellies and thermal waterproof gloves - 'welly fails' will be a thing of the past! I know not all 'real cavers' wear all of that but I like to be warm whilst exploring! 🙂 Thanks for continuing to film your explorations for the rest of us to enjoy, it is very much appreciated!! 🤗
Brilliant video I was looking forward to you going back and having a look into this tunnel but didn't think it would be this soon. Quite a mystery this one obviously a river course that has been made bigger, but interesting why. It would be great if you could go back in time and see this pipe in action. I didn't expect you coming out the other end into a secret valley. I think that pipe was feeding some machine and behind the wall has just backfilled over time with rubble. The water would just go through the pipe and have a bit of pressure behind that wall but now it's just filled with gravel to the top of the wall. Great video intro loving the music great choice.
Thanks very much David
And no Samba were destroyed in the making of this. Top one. Nice one. Get sorted.
Another great video Martin thanks from down south
Thanks Steven
Thanks a lot guys, it’s always something to look forward to on a sunday evening. By the way, you would never have me follow you in the tunnel. 🙏👍🏻😄❤️
loving the 'Staches you two
Yass! I was hoping you’d do this, love from a southern softy
Thank you , lots of love
Such a beautiful journey loved every minute
Thanks Mark
Loved the intro, so glad you went back there so soon. Really interesting how there’s no real information on that stretch of water. So many parts of the UK chopped around for industry. Great work Martin. And James, master brew maker.
Great exploring Martin. I've seen large wild birds down near there on my walks, Maybe family descendants from the pheasant farm stocks shown on the old map. DannyD 👍
You should introduce James at the start of video! He's become a great addition 😗
Another nice video Martin, I think James came out in what was part of the old sewerage works, shown on your map, he was lucky there was a lot of japanese hog/knott weed around that area of the river bank.
Yeah it was the beehives that got me
Guesswork, but, there's the route of an old canal running along the valley. The side watercourse coming down from Nuttall Wood would need to be culverted under the man made waterway, the two side tunnels might be something to do with sluices from the canal or just additional surface drainage. There's also Red Rock Lane in the vicinity that might also explain the culvert.
Yeah I did say that in the video Bob about the canal and the locks 👍🏻
Yeah, Martin, the canal overflow does not need necessarily come from the lock, it can just come from there, above the watercourse, an optimal point to install it.
You might have explored the brook's other tunnel above under the former railway, there should be one.
From the OS Map contours the brook enters the tunnel at between 40 and 45m and emerges (having passed beneath the old canal) at 40m. The canal was built at about 42m.
So the brook would interfere with the canal being at just about the same elevation. This gives both positive and a negative issues the engineer a solution.
Positive: A good clean reliable spring fed water supply for free. James found a dried up water channel. Did this feed the canal?
Negative: the brook could/would flood. Especially when the Irwell was in flood and backing up the brook. This had to be stopped. Perhaps the tunnel was cut to allow flood water to pass beneath the canal bed? Plenty of room for a flood pond in 'The land that time forgot'.
The silted up side channels could be overflow weirs from the canal.
I can tell you two things I've just found out.
That stream and the tunnel are the boundary between Bolton and Bury (yay!)
And before the brickworks spoiled everything Kilcoby Cottage served teas, and there was a campsite there.
Plus the water from the stream from Nuttall Woods was so pure that the Agecroft Rowing Club, who used to row past formed the Agecroft Bathing Club.
I don't know where they bathed, but I wonder if the pipework was related.
Just a mad thought to put out there.
That little camera van must be a collector's toy I'm in my 60s and had one as a child,the camera man could clip on the roof rack as well as the back
Seriously loved your intro. That was indeed a mysterious find. Hopefully one day we will be able to solve it! Also to the 1 dislike you got! Looks like you made it you got haters!!!! 😁
Hopefully, Id love to get to the bottom of it. Yeah that one hater thats actually a massive fan 😁
@@MartinZero , i dont know why but there is either only one hater in this world who hits the dislike button all over this world or there are a lot of haters in every country who just like to hit the dislike button because they can. the channels i regularly view, run by people as equally pleasant as you two, down here in australia also have these haters.
In the live chats I always make a statement that I hope the ones who do the thumbs down "Hope their hemorrhoids flair up and there is no Preparation H to be found" hahaha. Even if it is a fan there is a thing as respect
Nicely put together start lads.
Now I need to watch the rest of it . . .
Daylight????
Nicely done Martin, the western music did make me laugh!
My knees are aching after watching you explore the` tunnel of doom.`
Mine still are
So funny. I, too, pictured a pteranodon as you emerged from the tunnel.
And Doug McClure 😊
Ooof my back is sore watching that crawling!!
Yeah it was difficult to be honest
Another cracking video Martin. Would have been great to have seen the fish from the water source, just to see what type they were.
It was only tiny it flipped about on a rock then was gone
Ping! Tea time and a new vid, tastic!!! NB love the spaghetti western intro music, your model campervan and camera man, and are you going for the full Lee van Cleef tache? :-)
What time is usual tea time over there?
Greetings from US.
@@acefeeley9007 it's always time for tea but generally anywhere between 4pm and 6pm. Greetings from north west England!
Yeah its coming autumn need to keep warm
5pm
Found it very interesting as one of the things I always like about your videos is how you always search and try to find out more about various things you come across, and the reason why. Thanks for sharing Martin.
Thanks very much Peter
Fantastic Martin, loved it, this style of your posts is very much your USP that's what got me subscribing to you, ha, seems years ago. I noticed that the pick marks at the beginning of the tunnel and at the end of the tunnel were in a direction that showed the tunnel was dug from both ends to meet in the middle. (imagine how the swing of the pick will make the mark in a certain direction)
Great video love the brew music.
Cheers Terry
We went up something like that in Yorkshire when we were kids ....
When you don’t know is the best. Well done Martin and James
Some things will always remain a mystery, that's what makes it interesting.
Yep true, I hope something comes to light