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🎉I also have brachydactyly-one more reason to be adopted into your family! Thank you again for this incredible work. You two are truly inspiring-keep it up!

The main neurotransmitters (SAD) are serotonin, acetylcholine, and dopamine, convoluted molecular compounds mostly of hyrogen, oxygen, carbon, and sulphur that are required for the brain synapses to funtion. Their schizophrenial effect is not always bad - some people may see and hear microphones in the rain drops and develop a theory of Satan, others may see and hear Jesus rising from the tomb. and invent Christianity - cultural conditioning, memory, and frame and mind play a large part in the nature of our hallucinations, revelations, and rational perceptions. Some philosophers argue that everything is fiction - facts are simply fictions that are practical and utile; consider that even science constantly contradicts and changes its tenets and theorems.

Overpopulation causes excessive aggression.

What about the generations of humans that lived on weak alcoholic beverages as an alternative to clean drinking water hundreds of years ago? Were they more likely to have cancer? Most humans 1-2 hundred years ago relyed on weak alcohol because clean drinking water was hard to obtain and very unreliable

Would you please do an episode about Risperdal, I had a girlfriend years ago and she was prescribed Risperdal and then she changed into a completely different person and was never the same again. I'd like to know why. She was prescribed this for borderline personality disorder. Thank you

Love this mans mind and the way he comminicates information but he always make me feel like im mentally disabled in comparison, sheeeesh😢😢

Omg 🙌🙌❤

the theory of mind experiment is flawed though, because kids can understand context better than they can express it, they put their trust in adults around them knowing whats going on.

the deeper into conscious and free will studies get the closer they are coming to prove that humans are not the only ones. What is the framework of personality that holds conscious and which determines which. Animals have personalities traits that run in families, where then is the difference in their un-free will and ours ?

Dr. Sapolsky, as a female who likes skin care, fashion and crochet videos, YOU actually end up being my TOP TH-cam influencer! 🎉💗 I love this channel and I’ve also watched your Stanford lectures too. Your teaching/lecturing style is so conducive to learning and retaining information. Special thanks to Rachel because I have a feeling she encouraged her Dad to do these videos and most likely edits and posts them. What a great team! 🫶🏼🧠💕

I love you Sapolsky! But I have to offer a correction because I’m a psychedelic nerd. LSD and mescaline are not structurally similar to serotonin. Mescaline is a phenethylamine and is much closer to dopamine in structure. It does activate the serotonin 2A receptor though. The psychedelics that are structurally similar to serotonin include tryptamines like DMT and psilocybin.

epigenetic changes, isn't that what we saw come out of the 1929 depression survival lifestyle

the animal who sees itself in a mirror, some instantly want to fight, run away, play, be friends what makes them and us make such snap decisions just on appearance????? is that part of the them or us, cause what they see is them-self.

hmmmm I have often thought of 'fixing' the world and getting the green back onto the planet but my solution was a tubular grid above the ground for the infrastructure where it would be out of reach of earthquake, flood, hurricanes, fires, etc

This one hits home for me. I have a sister who thinks the government has hacked her brain. She's adamant this is exactly what's going on with her. It's very strange and amazing in a negative way how ones brain hides the truth from the beholder of what's really going on. She won't consider going to a doctor, she's sure of what she thinks is happening. I already follow Dr. Sapolsky and want to hear everything he has to say about everything, everything!!

would love to watch a talk between Robert and Neil DeGrasse Tyson.... starting with 'free will'

the history of overtaking and claiming whatever the other guy has, and is still going strong and worse they are already arguing over who can claim what in space, like any human has any entitlement to anything out there.

religion is an addiction like drugs and alcohol a way to shift responsibility for their life, Religion thinking it has the right to force its addiction on others and we are not supposed to even speak against their addiction. They spent centuries killing any who dared not agree till they had it as a social norm to not be allowed to question religion's right to be wrong.

(1) I had like dozen millisecond dopamine spikes while listening! 😄"Pay attention", really interesting things are in the air! Schizophrenia hypothesis is elegant, predictive explanations for salient subliminal feelings. I often skip pathology parts in neuroscience articles, they sound boring and clunky. And here is a cool idea! 🤩 (2) Fast by-passing jokes, without waiting for audience to laugh. And it sets kind of humorous mood, easy and funny. I think I “subvocally” was smiling a lot while viewing 😃. Robert was juggling so easily - one mental model after another, telling only the crucial core ideas, without swamping people with details (3) Two words were circling in my head, “master storyteller”. Robert sure knows how to tell things so you keep listening with your jaw dropped. Topics are not fiction, but it is harder to make a captivating strory when you do not make thing up as convenient for author, the easy hollywood-scenario-turns. That’s what shows you “master storyteller” talent. Yeah, a bit of envy here on my part 😁 (4) That bit about “1 to 2% of population” for schizophrenia at the start. I was surprised, I googled it, I saw (veni-vidi-vici) “schizophrenia affects around 0.3-0.7% of the general population at some point in life” (in WHO and wiki). I got puzzled. My guesses are: 1. slip of tongue, 2. Robert meant non-clinical schizotypes in that value, 3. Something else Can you clarify? 🙏

29:16: Of all the humans, my teenagers are the THE most altricial. They don't cook or clean, they need me to drive them to school, because the bus stop is a whole 50 meters away, I sit with them and help with homework, and while they are at school, I pick up their messes.

Section about the cerebellum is absolutely life-changing ... Many repetitive tasks, including being-nice behaviors such as described may get into cerebellumar processing and may become automatic. Can this explain repetitive bad habits or behavior that are resistant to theraphy? Hey, they are automatized and now living in cerebellum ! there may be no way of getting rid of those without same amount of repetition ... Can this also explain drug resistant conditions like, deep depression ? Could the source of depression have moved to cerebellum so the drug treatments are not even getting there ?

I think he messed up serotonin with dopamine.

I love you, ❤ sir

this is the day I found out I have Brachydactyly

I majored in french literature in college. One of my professors, the great dr. Stambolian (gone too young) , told us we may forget the stories, but these studies would shape our way of thinking for life. I am 61 now. He will always be in my heart. He was a privilege to have as a professor, just as you are Dr. Sapolski and offspring for educating us the way you do! Thank you for the effort you make with this channel! ❤❤❤

Haven’t watched this yet but I watched his lecture and what stood out was that it’s virtually impossible to go schizophrenic after 30. Does this mean that «schizophrenia» after 30 is neuralink testing?

Ever since Elon did the “Roman salute “ I’ve had him tell me he’s going to put me in the hurt. I know he’s not really there telling me this but it happens. They say they are going to delete me if I don’t stop being anti fascist. They get mad when I talk about the g-cide overseas. Is it real that the not sees are in my mind?

Mr. Sapolsky is now my mentor. He has transformed my mind through his series of podcasts.🙏🙏🙏🙏

Why does Dr. Sapolsky's right hand disappear at about 8:40, 9:17, 9:29, and 9:34?

As an bridge between questions 2&3, there's a French book (”fiction”) called The Elegance of the Hedgehog. The main character gets hit by a dry cleaners delivery truck at the very end.

i don't like it; when i hear; allusions of certainty; as to what "science" has decided; especially allopathic "science" not heisenbergian enuf for me; i am all for science; just heisenbergian science; i self-identify as semi-schizophrenic; i hear the voices; i realize that the voices might be skull-implanted headphones; could be a quick shot, like some vaccinations; so you wouldn't know what happened; all of a sudden you're typing on and on; about bullshit;

spandrel, like the Russian foxes bred selectively for tameness developed white markings that had nothing to do with the gentleness of the foxes that was the only determining factor in which was bred on.

Excellent show !

26:36 Edward Dutton (Jolly Heretic) talks about R- and K-selected species.

how does this match the London Taxi drivers brain change? If they are not new neurons, what are they?

from what i've heard, trump is also a great pianist, but i've never seen him in his birthday suit.

Did women live longer after the introduction of birth control instead of being baby machines. In family records the men seem to go through multiple wives.

Thanks for another wonderful episode! Y'all rock!

So fiction is pop culture and literature is elite, educated culture?

I am personally responsible for the sales of thousands of copies of BEHAVE through recommendations. I was thinking I could get a cut. Thanks!

Good news. Recent research shows the greatest correlation between the size of the nose and the size of the "man". With a huge potato on my face (but small hands), I hope that the knowledge of this research spreads all over the world. :)

So I’m a stone cold atheist that accepts there isn’t free will. The quote,” forgive them for they know not what they do “ in my perspective implies that the author alluded to a lack of free will.

Offspring are soooooo lucky to have this dad

Just sayin’. I would never make any comparison of your hands to that orange guy….😔🇨🇦

I'll work it out elsewhere, but having one of those thoughts randomly at the same time as the dopamine heartbeat pulse or something, seems important, that Theory of Mind gets summarized into the Human Nature meme, and you have Theory of Mind if you believe all we put in that, and that's neurotype specific, Theories of Mind are likely neurotype specific, there's already a context for our theories . . . sorry, thinking out loud. Thanks. Very thought provoking episode. Stay safe.

hilarious thumbnail, "one of my great grandparents was a pterodactyl" + irresistible sapolsky facial expression, what a banger

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OK, now you're getting personal, I mean, I got that, type A1 - thanks for naming it for me! - I've been fixated on your hands too, because they are mine. PIANO, really? I can barely make chords on the guitar, I pare my guitar necks down to banjo size., and still struggle. Something, I may email this to you also to try to ensure you see it - I have recently learned that Mom took Thalidomide, and I have other troubles, but it is well documented that the drug shortens bones. They say the very first, smallest known symptom is short arm bones leading to shoulder dislocations. Not really asking if that's common or possible for you, more that perhaps we can conclude one area of genes that Thalidomide affects? I have kids, I'm curious if I have to worry about effects to them. They have normal fingers.

Prevention is better than cure