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It generates the screen/canvas coordinate system. U is the X coordinate (horizontal) on the screen and V is the Y coordinate. (vertical) Everytime a new pixel has been finished, the VU thing receives a pulse. And every pulse adds 1 to the U value and once U has reached 63, the next pulse will set U to 0 and adds 1 to the V coordinate. The red Subtractors that come afterwards, just convert these coordinates form range [0...63] to [ -256....256] if I recall correctly.

@@georg240p thank you so much. <3

by "0 is blue", do you mean that a normal map with strength 0 is purple/blue-ish? That's because a perfectly flat normal map should look like that. It stores the vector 0,0,1 (z coordinate is the blue channel)

@@georg240p yes

No, normal maps store 3d vector data and treating them as color will 1. produce unnormalized vectors (a normal vector should always be normalized). and 2. it doesnt follow any geometric concept so results can be quite unpredictable. For more details, here is an article explaining this in more detail by comparing color blending techniques with the geometric approach: blog.selfshadow.com/publications/blending-in-detail/

@@georg240p Thanks for info. I'm new to all of this.

Of course. Whenever you pass a normal vector between nodes, you can manipulate it in all kinds of ways e.g. adjust the strength, rotation etc. Combining normals as I showed in the video just means that you adjust a vector's orientation (detail) based on another vector (base). Just make sure you don't work with the color data directly because it's in range [0...1] instead of [-1...1]

@georg240p When I set both "Texture Coordinate" nodes to "UV," i get them combined onto my object, but the detail normal map doesn't seem to be calculated correctly. It looks identical to an overlay mix node. probably because by using the uvmap in the beginning, both normal maps get warped and xyz axis aren't accurate anymore, if they are world axis, then it's breaking completly? Maybe adding a plane and setting it in the "Texture Coordinate" node as "object," providing both normal maps with a flat, undistorted base for combination? Then, the combined output could be applied to the object, but I'm unsure how to instruct those vectors to utilize the UV map.

​@@Lakus231 UV Coords are in Tangent-Space (2D). It helps to display the UV Vector in the Output node. Red is X, Green is Y. As I said, all the Normal Vector combinations/adjustments have to be done in range [-1...1] and Tangent-Space. Once you want to use the final Vector as the Surface Normal of your Model, you have to be careful: The "BSDF" Nodes' "Normal" input socket expects a World-Space Vector in range [-1...1]. (The direction in which your surface is pointing) The "Normal Map" Node outputs such a World-Space Vector in range [-1...1]. But it's input Socket is Color Data (yellow dot). In Blender, Color Data is in range [0...1]. So, before feeding the Vector into the "Normal Map" Node you have to do the conversion back to [0...1] (color data) as I showed in my video.

@@georg240p yes, it was already converted to color data (-1...1 to 0...1) then into the "Normal Map" node (set to tangent space) connected to "BSDF" Normal input. i have basically exactly your node setup, i just set the "Texture Coordinate" nodes to "UV". The main normal map gets projected correcly onto the object but the detail normal map just gets overlayed, not actually mixed. like it's overwriting the main normal map. Did i understood you correctly that i can't set those "Texture Coordinate" nodes to "UV" and have to bring the uv map into there after the conversion from color data into tangent-space (0...1 to -1...1)? if yes, i have no idea how 😬

​@@Lakus231 Of course you can use the UV socket from the Texture Coordinate node. As I said, it gives you a 2D tangent space vector ( = it is completely independent from the surface orientation or how your object is rotated etc) Here is my .blend file but with an UV unwrapped monkey head: www.mediafire.com/file/7dh1coqw1jv731c/combine_normalMap_SuzanneUV_BlenderV4.02.blend/file In my video I used the window coordinate system only because it's good for rendering and exporting the final texture as an image. But you can use any 2D coordinate system you like. It will not change the way the combination of the textures is done. The coordinate system is just the "canvas" that the rest of the shader is displayed on. And a UV map is simply the coordinate system of the object's surface.

There if a download for my .blend file in the description.

6:15 By rendering an image and saving it (if you followed my scene setup) A link to my final .blend file is in the description.

I think now it's: Display Device: sRGB, ViewTransform: Raw, Look: None

OK I try everything. Even downloaded the old version just to be sure I'm doing everything rigth. But even in the old version it's still not the same normal map colors from the image it self. Do you think there is a setting I change in my blender default startup file. That effects the color. Or are my normals I made wrong because the where hige maps first and change to normals.

@@longlivethesecondplaceice2736 I put a download link to my original .blend file in the video description. Make sure to always set the Color Space to Non-Color as I show at 1:00. Unfortunately these settings reset everytime you load a new image.

How to open/see the bar? There are mods that let you see hidden variables like these. The mod "Appleskin" lets you see it in the hunger bar directly.

@@georg240p tysmmm

It should work for combining any two (or more) tanget space normal maps. I added a download link to the my final file in the video description.

ok, i've figured it out. when i group the first node group, output values got switched.

In newer Blender versions (eg 3.6) there is the Mix node (set to float). Set the mask as the Factor input. And then you can control A and B separately. Use its output as the normal strength. In older Blender versions, just use the MixRGB node. Does the same thing but it looks odd because its using color values.

@@georg240p in case if we use black and white texture because it has to be exact location for label/box etc? Will it work or I’m just connecting it wrongly? I also face a problem where it’s black and white but when I change slots the white turn grey instead of completely black while before the black part was completely black. Like it inverted but there’s no completely black in the inverted but grey even tho I change another slot color to completely black. Do you have any suggestions?

@@natsunwtk Yes, to get a clear separation, the mask should be only black and white (0 or 1). Im not sure what you mean by inverted or gray. You mean the mask looks wrong when you set it as the output? Try to set the Color space to "Non-Color data" in the image texture node that loads the mask.

@@georg240p yes, something like that. It’s already non color when it’s before inverted it showing completely black and completely white but when I change the slot A to slot B in a mix color node, it showing white->gray and black-> white. Sorry my english is not good enough to saying it properly. (I connected a black and white image to a mixed color node for bumping. It’s mask just fine because I also used it for roughness. I just connected them to checking if it’s masking properly but turn out it appeared gray instead of black for bump node)

​@@natsunwtk The result of the mix node are the strength values that will be used to control the normal map strength. It is not a mask! If its inverted, thats because you defined the colors this way in the mix node. And maybe thats exactly what you want. Connect the output of the mix node to the value that you previously used to control the strength of the entire normal map (eg in my video I used a multiply node. So in this case connect the mix node output to the bottom slot of the multiply node)

Maybe someone who wants to learn the basics of computer science but doesnt want to use boring bool logic simulation software?

The link to the last video is in the video description. You might have to reload the page. vecToSpherical converts a 3d vector to spherical coordinates. I showed how to create it in the last video.